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  • Articles  (471,158)
  • 2010-2014  (451,591)
  • 1955-1959  (19,567)
  • Geosciences  (471,158)
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  • Books  (197)
  • Articles  (471,158)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 7 (1956), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: iThe 5 per cent and 1 per cent significance points are given for a test of randomness of unit vectors in three dimensions. The test has been designed for use in the analysis of palaeomagnetic data.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 7 (1956), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: iTerrestrial heat flow has been measured in three Alpine railroad tunnels. The geothermal gradients were calculated from temperatures measured during the construction of the tunnels, and corrections for topographic irregularities were made. The thermal conductivity of 113 rock specimens from the vicinity of the tunnels was measured. The heat flow in the Gotthard tunnel was found to be 1.6 10-6 cal/cm2 sec, in the Simplon 2.2 10-6 cal/cm2 sec, and in the Loetschberg 1.9 10-6 cal/cm2 sec. Most of the flux at the surface can be attributed to radioactive decay in a thickened crust, but a non-uniform distribution of radioactive elements may be required to explain the relatively high heat flow in the Simplon and Loetschberg tunnels.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 7 (1957), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Summary. This paper describes the statistical techniques available to the experimenter in palaeomagnetic work. The theory of these methods is based on an assumed probability distribution of errors. It is shown that the mathematical requirements of this distribution are obeyed by the observations from rock samples which are known to possess a stable magnetization; observations on rocks with unstable magnetization however do not conform to it. A theoretical derivation is given for this probability distribution.The problem of estimating the mean direction of magnetization of a geological formation has in recent years become a matter of the greatest geophysical interest since it is from such estimates that the position of the pole of the Earth in past geological ages is determined. This problem is largely one of the judicious choice of samples and a procedure is suggested whereby such estimates may be achieved with the greatest sample economy.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 7 (1957), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Summary. Refraction diagrams are drawn for 6-sec microseisms when they approach the British Isles from the SW, WSW, W, WNW and NW directions. Refraction diagrams are also drawn for 4-s and 8-s microseisms approaching from a westerly direction. The diagrams show that all the westerly microseisms are very much reduced. This effect is confirmed by measurement of the vertical component of the microseisms due to sixteen storms which occurred during the period 1945–53.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 7 (1957), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Summary. Eight different Earth models have been set up, all with the property that the density p varies continuously from just below the crust to the centre. The distributions of the pressure p, gravity g, incompressibility k and rigidity are also given; and values of a parameter equal to (k/p)dp/dp, indicate the deviations from (chemical) homogeneity in the lower mantle and outer core. The models are designed to provide a numerical background towards testing the view that there is no density jump between the Earth's mantle and core.A discussion shows that this view is difficult to reconcile with a homogeneous core unless an implausibly low value is assumed for the density just below the crust.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 7 (1957), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Summary. The error is investigated when the mean of two solutions of a non-linear second-order differential equation which gives the variation of density with depth in certain layers of the Earth is used as a solution.A solution (Model M) of the equation for layer E is given, which has a density of 9.385 g/m3 at the top of layer E.Identifying, at the top of layer E, the mean of two numerically estimated solutions with a similarly estimated solution, it is shown that the error is a maximum at the bottom of layer E, where it is of the order of 0.04 per cent.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 7 (1957), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Summary. The average geomagnetic pole position consistent with the magnetization of the Newer Volcanics of Victoria, which are for the most part of Pleistocene age, coincides with the present geographic pole just as do all pole determinations from Miocene and later rock formations from the Northern Hemisphere. During this time it appears that the Earth's magnetic field has approximated, on average, to that of a geocentric axial dipole and that the land masses concerned have maintained their present positions. In contrast, the pole determined from Lower Tertiary Volcanics of Victoria does not agree with the geographic pole nor with equivalent determinations from the Northern Hemisphere, suggesting that the relative positions of the continents may have been different in the past.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 7 (1957), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Summary. We derive the frequency equation and the condition of existence of Stoneley type waves with antisymmetric vibrations which can be propagated along the interfaces between an internal stratum and two adjacent halfspaces of identical elastic properties, all perfectly elastic, homogeneous and isotropic. The ranges of existence of such waves are next obtained by numerical computation and the results are presented both in tabular form and graphically.For large values of the frequency, the frequency equation for these waves, like the one for waves with symmetric vibrations discussed in an earlier paper*, reduces to the velocity equation of Stoneley waves propagated along the interface between two halfspaces.For a low-velocity stratum, the results are similar to those for waves with symmetric vibrations. It is found that, for a pair of media for which waves of some frequency can exist, as the frequency of the waves or the thickness of the stratum is decreased, there is a cut-off value of either below which such waves cannot be propagated.For a high-velocity stratum, the results are in sharp contrast with those for waves with symmetric vibrations. Stoneley waves of all frequencies can exist for some pairs of materials. As the frequency of the waves or the thickness of the stratum is decreased, that is, as the ratio of the wave-length to the thickness of the stratum is increased, the regions of existence expand until a certain limiting region of existence is obtained when this ratio tends to infinity.Another difference between waves with symmetric and antisymmetric vibrations is that whereas for the former the phase velocity could not be less than the smaller of the two Rayleigh wave velocities, for the latter there is no theoretical lower limit.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 7 (1957), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Summary. The range of possible density distributions in the mantle of the Earth has been examined assuming a chemically homogeneous core. A discussion of various Earth models with homogeneous cores shows that the range is relatively small in the upper part of the mantle. For a density near the surface between 2.8 and 4.0 g/cm3, the density at 1000 km is between 4.1 and 4.8 g/cm3, and at 2000 km is between 5.2 and 6.5 g/cm3.Graphs showing the distributions of density, gravity, pressure, and elastic parameters in two fairly extreme models are given. The first model has a density jump at the core boundary of 4.2 g/cm3 and only slight heterogeneity in D. The second has a continuous density distribution throughout the Earth and large heterogeneity in D.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 7 (1957), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: A deep depression moved rapidly NNE from the Welsh coast across northern England to the Firth of Forth on 1954 December 9. At the same time microseisms of very large amplitude were recorded at Aberdeen, the maximum effect occurring when the centre of low pressure was situated over land. If the disturbances were due to standing waves set up in the sea in accordance with the Longuet-Higgins theory, these waves must have arisen behind the low centre by reflection from the coast. There was no other low centre in the neighbourhood likely to produce the effects. So far as the nature of the microseisms is concerned, the records support the idea that they consist of a mixture of Rayleigh waves and Love waves, and that in the present case they approached Aberdeen from a direction approximately SSW of the station.
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