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  • De Gruyter
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
  • 2015-2019  (11,716)
  • 1950-1954  (1,877)
  • 1930-1934
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  • 1
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    De Gruyter
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: This volume presents the 14 female winners of the Nobel Prize in Literature, e.g. Lagerlöf, Sachs, Jelinek, Müller, Munro. Contributions offers exemplary readings of chosen works, while outlining the intellectual profile of each author. They also tackle the questions of female writing and canon formation, and interrogate the conditions and contradictions of artistic creativity.
    Keywords: Nobel Prize ; Literary History ; Canon Formation ; Women Writers ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general::DSBH Literary studies: c 1900 to c 2000 ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general::DSBH Literary studies: c 1900 to c 2000
    Language: German
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  • 2
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    De Gruyter
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Eight disputations on precedence have been preserved from Ancient Mesopotamia. In these texts, two opposing understandings of everyday life engage in a verbal argument. The works served at one time to teach oratorical competency to individuals receiving advanced literacy training. This volume examines the argumentation structure of the dialogues, thereby contributing to research on oratorical practice in the Ancient Middle East.
    Keywords: Precedence debates ; Sumerian ; argumentation ; elocution ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHG Middle Eastern history ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRR Other religions and spiritual beliefs::QRRT Indigenous, ethnic and folk religions and spiritual beliefs::QRRT1 Indigenous religions, spiritual beliefs and mythologies of the Americas
    Language: German
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: In the Middle Ages, writing was not confined to manuscripts, but inscribed in the broader material world, in textiles and tombs, on weapons or human skin. This volume presents the first comparative overview of text-bearing artefacts in medieval German, Old Norse, British, French, Italian and Iberian literature and offers a fresh perspective on the medieval world that takes seriously the vibrancy of matter as a vital aspect of textual culture.
    Keywords: materiality ; inscriptions ; medieval literature ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DB Ancient, classical and medieval texts ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHC Ancient history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3K CE period up to c 1500
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Refugee law has recently become the focus of public debate. It various topics such as the failure to close the German border during the refugee crisis, cooperation with third countries such as Turkey or Libya, national housing standards, a reformed Dublin system and much more. Common to all these subject areas is that they are political Combine fundamental questions with legal details and one Demand an overall view of German, European and international legal rules. This complex mixed situation makes it difficult to determine the location asks about the structural problems of refugee law and thus the proverbial forest for the trees.
    Description: Im Zentrum öffentlicher Debatten stand das Flüchtlingsrecht zuletzt häufiger. Es gingum diverse Themen wie die unterlassene deutsche Grenzschließungwährend der Flüchtlingskrise, die Zusammenarbeit mit Drittländern wie der Türkei oder Libyen, innerstaatliche Unterbringungsstandards, ein reformiertes Dublin-System und vieles mehr. Gemeinsam ist all diesen Themenfeldern, dass sie politische Grundsatzfragen mit rechtstechnischen Einzelheiten verbinden und hierbei eine Gesamtschau deutscher, europäischer und internationaler Rechtsregeln einfordern. Diese komplexe Gemengelage erschwert eine Standortbestimmung, die nach den strukturellen Problemlagen des Flüchtlingsrechts fragt und damit den sprichwörtlichen Wald vor lauter Bäumen sichtbar macht.
    Keywords: Flüchtlingsrecht ; Europäisch ; international ; refugee law ; European ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues::JBFG Refugees and political asylum ; thema EDItEUR::L Law
    Language: German
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Considered the first specimen of a theoretical literature on Jewish political economy, the Discourse is much more. Initially conceived as an apology for the Jewish community of Venice, it is actually replete with sceptical ideas.This volume will essentially aim at refreshing the approach to this work by highlighting and analysing its sceptical background and implications, especially as far as it involves the realm of politics and fashions a sceptical political appraisal of the Jewish people.
    Keywords: Scepticism ; Philosophy ; Jewish History ; Venice. ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRJ Judaism ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBS Social groups, communities and identities::JBSR Social groups: religious groups and communities ; thema EDItEUR::5 Interest qualifiers::5P Relating to specific groups and cultures or social and cultural interests::5PG Relating to religious groups::5PGJ Relating to Jewish people and groups ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRJ Judaism ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBS Social groups, communities and identities::JBSR Social groups: religious groups and communities ; thema EDItEUR::5 Interest qualifiers::5P Relating to specific groups and cultures or social and cultural interests::5PG Relating to religious groups::5PGJ Relating to Jewish people and groups
    Language: Italian , English
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: Norms and standards are indispensable for the success of the economy’s digital transformation, even as their applications become more and more complex. This book sheds light on relevant findings from standards research, participation in standardization consortia, certification, and other important aspects and condenses them into specific recommendations.
    Keywords: digital transformation ; norms ; standards ; standards research ; standardization consortia ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJM Management and management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas::KJMV6 Research and development management ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNT Media, entertainment, information and communication industries
    Language: German
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: The volume is a programmatic manifesto for the new series MythoS. The author develops new methods – the hyleme analysis and the stratification analysis – and applies them on mythological materials, reconstructing myths as “Stoffe” and making them understandable in their polymorphic nature. In this groundbreaking work, the author sets the stage for a general theory of myth based on a new comprehensive, transmedial and comparative Stoff-research.
    Keywords: Mythos ; Antike ; Narratologie ; Komparatistik ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general::DSBB Literary studies: ancient, classical and medieval
    Language: German
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  • 8
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    De Gruyter
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: What does wordplay teach us about the function of language and communication? What creative open spaces are used in wordplay, and what are the rules and limits that govern the game? The volume presents ideas of masters of wordplay from literature, film, cabaret, and poetry slams along with brief scientific analyses. The dialogue between theory and practice reveals the diverse complexity of language play.
    Keywords: Wordplay ; Language Art ; Creativity ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism
    Language: German
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: The volume examines the epigraphic cultures of Italian communes during the High Middle Ages and their relationship to earlier epigraphic cultures in antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. It focuses especially on the question of continuity and breaks and the influence of the ancient epigraphic heritage on Medieval epigraphic practice in the cities.
    Keywords: High Middle Ages ; Italy ; epigraphy ; epigraphic cultures ; Early Middle Ages ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHC Ancient history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHC Ancient history
    Language: German
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  • 10
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    De Gruyter
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: In Asia the "Age of Extremes" witnessed many forms of mass violence and genocide, related to the rise and fall of the Japanese Empire, the proxy wars of the Cold War, and the anti-colonial nation building processes that often led to new conflicts and civil wars. The present volume is considered an introductory reader that deals with different forms of mass violence and genocide in Asia, discusses the perspectives of victims and perpetrators alike.
    Keywords: Age of Extremes ; genocide ; Japanese Empire ; Cold War ; nation building ; civil war ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHF Asian history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHM Australasian and Pacific history
    Language: English
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: Conceived as a companion volume to his Onomastics of the Song of Roland (2017), Beckmann’s eighteen Collected Essays on Old French Epic Poetry presents a multi-faceted panorama about the origins of the ancient chansons de geste. It includes the chansons of Ogier, Roland, William (Guillaume), Saxon epic poetry, the Pilgrimage of Charlemagne and Berthe with the Big Feet, and Renaut de Montauban.
    Keywords: Epic Poetry ; Medieval French Literature ; Old French ; Chansons de geste ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSA Literary theory ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general::DSBB Literary studies: ancient, classical and medieval
    Language: German
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Scant research attention has addressed the role, significance, and function of the RfA in the maintenance and reformulation of the retirement insurance system in the Nazi society transformed by the ideology of the Volksgemeinschaft. For the first time, based on primary sources, this book presents a problem-oriented administrative history that investigates the place of the RfA in the National Socialist institutional structure.
    Keywords: Modern administrative and institutional history ; employment history ; pension law development in the Nazi state ; pension insurance during the Nazi era ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999 ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPF Political ideologies and movements::JPFQ Far-right political ideologies and movements ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999 ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPF Political ideologies and movements::JPFQ Far-right political ideologies and movements
    Language: German
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  • 13
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    De Gruyter
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Dress constitutes one of the most obvious and indeed most visual and visible markers of difference. Being very close to the body it becomes part of the daily habitus and an unavoidable means of communication with others. In this volume, we want to follow transcultural perspectives and highlight the multiplicity of differences that are expressed via clothes.
    Keywords: body ; dress ; clothing ; transculturality ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day
    Language: English
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: This volume considers the influential revival of ancient philosophical skepticism in the 16th and early 17th centuries and investigates, from a comparative perspective, its reception in early modern English, Spanish and French drama, dedicating detailed readings to plays by Shakespeare, Calderón, Lope de Vega, Rotrou, Desfontaines, and Cervantes.
    Keywords: Skepticism ; Early Modern Literature ; Drama ; Shakespeare ; Calderón de la Barca ; Lope de Vega ; Jean de Rotrou ; Cervantes ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSG Literary studies: plays and playwrights
    Language: English
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This book explores the poetic articulations of a shift from a transcendent to an immanent worldview, as reflected in the manner of evaluation of body and soul in Goethe’s Faust and Ḥāfiẓ’ Divan. Focusing on two lifeworks that illustrate their authors’ respective intellectual histories, this cross-genre study goes beyond the textual confines of the two poets’ Divans to compare their intellectual worlds.
    Keywords: Goethe ; Ḥāfiẓ ; Neoplatonism ; German Orientalism ; Sufi Literature ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general::DSBH Literary studies: c 1900 to c 2000 ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSK Literary studies: fiction, novelists and prose writers ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought::QDHA Ancient Greek and Roman philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTK Philosophy: epistemology and theory of knowledge
    Language: English
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  • 16
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    De Gruyter
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: This volume, the fourth in the complete works of Kurt Schwitters, offers the first complete and annotated edition of Merz, the avant-garde journal for multimedia that appeared between 1923 and 1932 under Schwitters’ editorial direction. The volume also includes scholarly contributions that extensively examine the journal’s contents, structure and design from an interdisciplinary perspective.
    Keywords: avant-garde ; transmediality ; intermediality ; Kurt Schwitters ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AB The arts: general topics ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general::DSBH Literary studies: c 1900 to c 2000
    Language: German
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  • 17
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    De Gruyter
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: What are the implications of globalization for moral behavior? What would global practices look like that were just for all in principle? Is it possible to generalize the basic principles of social justice as they prevail in democratic countries? Or instead, do other, possibly weaker levels of moral responsibility exist at the global level that promote global social justice based on different sets of principles?
    Keywords: Globalization ; moral philosophy ; european union ; migration ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPC History of Western philosophy::HPCF Western philosophy, from c 1900 - ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPQ Ethics & moral philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPS Social & political philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought::QDHR Western philosophy from c 1800 ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTS Social and political philosophy
    Language: English , German
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: Many types of works are characterized as folk plays: the peasant play, the passion play, the knightly drama, the tradition play, the mass festival, the anti-folk play, and the social drama. This book reconstructs the development of the folk play from the 18th century until today and puts into context the various forms it has taken. Textual examples from Johann Gottfried Herder to Elfriede Jelinek serve as illustration.
    Keywords: Folk plays ; folk piece ; folk theater ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general::DSBH Literary studies: c 1900 to c 2000
    Language: German
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: In view of the current crisis of globalization, this book aims to interrogate one of its key concepts in the past decades: World Literature. In a historical moment where the established focus on transnational identities, linguistic intersections, and other cosmopolitan cultural configurations is being challenged, the contributions of this volume explore possible adjustments, critiques, reconceptualizations, or refutations of World Literature.
    Keywords: World Literature ; Cosmopolitanism ; Post-Globalism ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSA Literary theory ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general::DSBH Literary studies: c 1900 to c 2000
    Language: English
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  • 20
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    De Gruyter
    Publication Date: 2021-12-16
    Description: For over 2500 years, Buddhism was implicated in processes of cultural interaction that in turn shaped Buddhist doctrines, practices and institutions. The contributions to this volume present detailed case studies on Buddhism's transcultural dynamics, ranging across different time periods, regions and disciplines, and addressing methodological challenges and theoretical problems.
    Keywords: Transculturality ; History of Religion ; Cultural Interaction ; Buddhism ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTB Regional studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs::HRA Religion: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs::HRE Buddhism
    Language: English
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2024-05-11
    Description: A hitherto unpublished scripture of Buddhist dharani literature, the Vajratuṇḍasamayakalparāja has been recently discovered in five Nepalese manuscripts. This rare Sanskrit text from around the fifth century focuses on the ritual practice of thaumaturgic weather control for successful agriculture by the vidyadhara spell-master, linking the incantation tradition to the economic power of the Nepalese Buddhist community.
    Keywords: Nepal ; Indology ; Incantation ; Sanskrit ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHM Australasian and Pacific history ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRF Buddhism
    Language: English
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  • 22
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    De Gruyter
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: While archives have traditionally attracted little publicity, this situation is in flux: things that were hidden away – from precious objects to curiosities – are now being made available not only to scholars but to a broader public audience as well. This volume addresses questions related to the accessibility, representation, and dissemination of institutionally preserved cultural heritage.
    Keywords: Archive ; museum ; exhibition ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GL Library and information sciences / Museology::GLZ Museology and heritage studies
    Language: German
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Quandt was the builder of a first Goethe memorial site, founder of the Saxon Kunstverein and pioneer for a modern art gallery in Dresden. He promoted contemporary artists and explored Old Masters. He wanted his fellow citizens to be educated by art and tirelessly contributed to it with talks, articles and exhibitions. This study highlights the bustling personality and its work in the early 19th century. Quandt's broad commitment left deep traces in German cultural life and gave the young art history significant impulses. Therefore it is worth taking a look at his biography, his written legacies, his private collection with works of such well-known names as Overbeck, Schnorr von Carolsfeld, Friedrich, Botticelli, Fra Angelico and Cranach.
    Keywords: Arts ; History of Art History ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AB The arts: general topics::ABA Theory of art ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AB The arts: general topics::ABC Conservation, restoration and care of artworks ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AG The Arts: treatments and subjects::AGA History of art ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MN 19th century, c 1800 to c 1899
    Language: German
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2019-11-06
    Print ISSN: 0034-0111
    Electronic ISSN: 1869-4179
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2019-11-06
    Print ISSN: 0034-0111
    Electronic ISSN: 1869-4179
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2019-04-30
    Description: For planners, processes of complex spatial transformations today are comparable to uncharted land and an uncertain voyage. Many possible role images overlap and contrast to traditional and established ways of thinking and acting. The focus here is on navigating instead of controlling, about supporting instead of enforcing. Planning lacks tools to think and act when facing uncertainty. This paper proposes role-reflexive planning as an educational and experimental approach to thinking through different potentialities. It offers groundwork from the boundary between planning and transition studies, using role-based ideas as a bridge. It offers an overview about different roles that are relevant to working towards transformations as spatial planners. It develops an account of role-reflexive planning that connects between contexts, actions and back to individual modes of behaviour in planning processes. As a basis, this paper condenses experiences of a role-playing pilot workshop and discussions about potential elements of a transition towards 'post-growth planning'. It outlines how role-playing challenges the individual roles of actors beyond the game situations themselves. Conceptual ideas foster a renewed role-based debate on thinking and acting in the face of uncertainty and ways to navigate through the stormy waters of transformation.
    Print ISSN: 0034-0111
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    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2019-02-28
    Print ISSN: 0034-0111
    Electronic ISSN: 1869-4179
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2019-04-09
    Description: ZusammenfassungDie Leerstandsquote ist ein zentraler Indikator der Wohnungsmarktbeobachtung und wird zur Beurteilung von Wohnungsmarktsituationen herangezogen. In Deutschland variieren die Leerstandsquoten der Städte und Gemeinden stark, was unter anderem durch die Merkmale unterschiedlicher Bestände des Wohnungsmarktes bedingt ist, wie z. B. Baualter oder Wohnungsgröße. Für die Abbildung der gesamten dabei auftretenden Variationen wurde bislang kaum eine systematische Analyse von Leerstandsstrukturen erstellt. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird im vorliegenden Beitrag das Ziel verfolgt, die differenzierte Struktur des Leerstandes für deutsche Gemeinden aufzuzeigen. Dafür werden Daten der Gebäude- und Wohnungszählung (GWZ)2011 verwendet, die flächendeckend und kleinräumig Leerstand differenziert nach 50 Ausprägungen erfassten. Diese Ausprägungen werden auf ihren Erklärungsgehalt für die Leerstandsquote geprüft. Darauf aufbauend werden räumliche Leerstandstypen gebildet, die die Leerstandsstruktur in Deutschland auf kommunaler Ebene wiedergeben. Der Beitrag macht deutlich, dass in erster Linie Merkmale des Baualters sowie der Gebäude- und Wohnungsgröße die Leerstandsquote erklären, sich aber deutliche Unterschiede zwischen Ost- und Westdeutschland etwa in Bezug auf die Eigentumsform zeigen. Die kommunale Typisierung schärft und verräumlicht diese Erkenntnisse und unterstreicht, dass neben Ost-West- sowie Stadt-Land-Unterschieden auch Typen der Leerstandsstruktur existieren, die im gesamten Bundesgebiet vorkommen. Der Beitrag stellt eine Analyse vor, die mithilfe der entwickelten Typologie helfen soll, Leerstand zu differenzieren, zu bewerten und einzuordnen. Daraus lassen sich dann nicht nur Aussagen zum Einsatz von städtebaulichen und wohnungspolitischen Maßnahmen ableiten, auch die Raum- bzw. Wohnungsmarktbeobachtung auf Bundesebene lässt sich weiter qualifizieren.
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2019-04-30
    Description: Coastal and marine areas represent an increasingly important and relevant action space for spatial planning. However, to a large extent marine (or maritime) spatial planning has emerged separately from terrestrial spatial planning, constituting its own epistemic community. In particular, previous studies indicate that Marine Spatial Planning often follows an expert-driven resource management rationale focused on sea-use regulation. This paper examines practices of Marine Spatial Planning and Integrated Coastal Zone Management at the German North Sea coast. The paper focuses in particular on the engagement of spatial planners with these practices and their perception of their role therein. We seek to understand what form spatial planning at the coast and at sea currently takes and how this might develop in the future in response to current and anticipated policy developments. We argue for the necessity of a communicative, cross-sectoral approach to spatial planning at sea, providing a spatial vision for the future that extends from the Exclusive Economic Zone to encompass both the coastal waters of the federal states and the land-sea interface in a substantive manner.
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2019-04-30
    Description: ZusammenfassungWenn man räumliche Planung verstehen möchte, ist es wichtig, die Selbstverständnisse und beruflichen Identitäten der handelnden Akteure zu kennen. Bislang ist dazu in Deutschland kaum geforscht worden. Der Beitrag basiert auf einem Forschungsansatz, der berufliche Identitäten als Ergebnis des Zusammenwirkens gesellschaftlicher Anforderungen und eigener Handlungen in den Fokus rückt. Es wird gezeigt, welche Rollen Regionalplanern von außen zugewiesen werden und wie Regionalplaner selber ihre beruflichen Identitäten wahrnehmen und daran arbeiten. Anhand von Dokumentenanalysen und autobiographisch-narrativen Interviews wird untersucht, welche Subjektpositionen in schriftlichen Diskursfragmenten, die sich auf Regionalplanung und Windenergie beziehen, zu finden sind, welchen äußeren Anforderungen sich Regionalplaner ausgesetzt sehen, welche Ansprüche sie selber an ihr berufliches Handeln stellen, welche Techniken des Selbst sie praktizieren und welche diesbezüglichen Spannungen sie wahrnehmen. Die Ergebnisse knüpfen an internationale Untersuchungen über planerische Identitäten an und können als Angebot an die Praxis gelesen werden, individuelle Praktiken und Spielräume der Identitätsarbeit zu reflektieren.
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2019-02-28
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2019-04-30
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2019-04-01
    Description: The process of gentrification in the peri-urban districts of French cities has scarcely been touched upon in recent research, which has hitherto seen the phenomenon as typically associated with core urban areas. The tendency has been to view the periphery through the lens of the social crisis of the banlieues. In contrast, the present article focuses on gentrification in the metropolitan area of Nancy (Grand Est region) as a development that also plays a role in municipalities around major cities and especially around regional metropolitan centres. Starting with a survey of current research approaches, the article first pinpoints some gaps and methodological imbalances that need to be tackled, before embarking on the case study of peri-urban Nancy. Statistical data and empirical surveys in the form of qualitative interviews indicate how Nancy's peri-urban districts have developed a logic of separation, exclusion and social decoupling – typical features of gentrification – particularly in connection with the construction of new single-family houses as a supplement to existing residential stock. Key questions here concern individual motives for choosing a particular residential location, and the creeping "segregation from above" that accompanies this process. The image of France's peri-urban spaces that arises from this study stands in explicit contrast to the received, markedly negative connotations of the "urban periphery".
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2019-11-15
    Description: Kurzfassung Als Inbegriff des Urbanen erlebt der Stadttypus „Metropole“ seit nunmehr zwei bis drei Jahrzehnten eine fortwährende Konjunktur. Mit einer quantitativen Textanalyse der führenden deutschen überregionalen Printmedien werden die Muster des Sprachgebrauchs für den Begriff Metropole und für die beiden größten Städte Berlin und Hamburg herausgearbeitet. Sie werden als Bedeutungszuschreibungen in massenmedialen Kommunikationsprozessen interpretiert und erzeugen ein semantisches Feld, dessen Analyse Aussagen über Größe, Funktion und Symbolik einer Metropole auch im Zeitverlauf zulässt.
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2019-10-30
    Description: Kurzfassung In der Wissensgesellschaft differenziert sich die Raumstruktur in eine Vielzahl von Raumtypen aus; auch der ländliche Raum stellt sich nicht als ein homogenes Gebilde dar. Die „reflexive Moderne“ der Wissensgesellschaft scheint keinen Determinismus in Bezug auf räumliche Entwicklungsunterschiede zu kennen, sondern den Menschen Spielräume für eine Aneignung und Inwertsetzung unterschiedlicher Räume zu öffnen. Diese erweiterten Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten könnten auch in dem bisher als zurückbleibend eingeschätzten ländlichen Raum neue Entwicklungsimpulse auslösen. Zur Überprüfung dieser Annahmen wird in diesem Beitrag aus einem theoretischen Blickwinkel gefragt, wie die kulturellen, sozialen, wirtschaftlichen und technischen Dimensionen der Wissensgesellschaft mit dem Raum interagieren und welche Herausforderungen sowie Strategien sich daraus für den ländlichen Raum ergeben können. Die empirische Überprüfung stützt sich auf Ergebnisse einer Arbeitsgruppe der Akademie für Raumforschung und Landesplanung (ARL) zur Wissensgesellschaft in ländlich-peripheren Regionen sowie ergänzend auf weitere quantitative und qualitative Studien zum Thema. Aus diesen Untersuchungen geht hervor, dass sich in vielen, wenn auch nicht in allen Regionen neuartige wissensgesellschaftlich geprägte Lebenskulturen in Abgrenzung zu städtischen Lebensmodellen entfalten. Sie belegen eine neue Attraktivität des ländlichen Raumes, die sich auch in wissensbasierten Projekten der Kultur, Bildung, Daseinsvorsorge und des unternehmerischen Engagements niederschlägt. Beispiele finden sich besonders in wirtschaftlich wettbewerbsfähigen Regionen, aber auch in den peripheren Regionen, die unter Bevölkerungsverlusten leiden. Es bleibt weiteren Untersuchungen vorbehalten zu eruieren, wie diese Ansätze von öffentlichen Akteuren strategisch genutzt werden können, um den wissensgesellschaftlichen Wandel voranzutreiben. Sie können helfen, in erfolgreichen Regionen gesammelte Erfahrungen für eine politische und planerische Unterstützung peripherer Städte und Regionen im ländlichen Raum zu nutzen.
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2019-09-11
    Description: This paper explores different functions of co-presence for collaborative knowledge creation in the context of seed accelerator programs. Seed accelerators offer programs of three to six months to enhance the growth of early-stage start-ups through various means of training and organizational development. In this paper, seed accelerator programs are analysed as orchestrated sequences of different types of physical co-presence. By drawing on qualitative case study data, the paper identifies eight different ways in which physical co-presence is used during seed accelerator programs. Through these eight types of co-presence, the analysis reveals that physical co-presence unfolds unique social dynamics that are utilized in a carefully designed combination of presence and absence. It is shown that physical co-presence is a means to enact relational distance and to bridge this distance for the benefit of the entrepreneurial process. Therefore, this paper adds a new perspective on how co-presence is used to facilitate the generation of value through collaborative knowledge creation.
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2019-12-30
    Description: The article presents problem of non-uniform foundation of structures in weak wet subsoil. The problem is illustrated with the case study of two-chamber-reinforced concrete water tank constructed in 1920s of 20th century, which cracked during construction. Under part of foundation, where the peat was found, the concrete piles were introduced.The results of five-year measurement of crack widths with crack gauges and geodesic measurements of vertical displacement of tank were presented. These results indicate that the tank is not stable and part of broken tank supported on piles is movable.On the basis of the presented data, the general conclusions concerning the non-uniform founding of tanks are formulated.
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2019-09-30
    Description: The inclusions of geosynthetic materials (fibers, geomembranes and geotextiles) is a new improvement technique that ensures uniformity in the soil during construction. The use of tension resisting discreet inclusions like polypropylene fibers has attracted a significant amount of attention these past years in the improvement of soil performance in a cost-efficient manner. A series of direct shear box tests were conducted on unreinforced and reinforced Chlef sand with different contents of fibers (0, 0.25, 0.5 and0.75%) in order to study the mechanical behavior of sand reinforced with polypropylene fibers. Samples were prepared at three different relative densities 30%, 50% and 80% representing loose, medium dense and dense states,respectively, and performed at normal stresses of 50, 100 and 200 kPa. The experimental results show that the mechanical characteristics are improved with the addition of polypropylene fibers. The inclusion of randomly distributed fibers has a significant effect on the shear strength and dilation of sandy soil. The increase in strength is a function of fiber content, where it has been shown that the mechanical characteristics improve with the increase in fiber content up to 0.75%, this improvement is more significant at a higher normal stress and relative density.
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The present article examines the problem related to the axisymmetric torsion of an elastic layer by a circular rigid disc at the symmetry plane. The layer is sandwiched between two similar elastic half-spaces with two penny-shaped cracks symmetrically located at the interfaces between the two bonded dissimilar media. The mixed boundary-value problem is transformed, by means of the Hankel integral transformation, to dual integral equations, that are reduced, to a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind. The numerical methods are used to convert the resulting system to a system of infinite algebraic equations. Some physical quantities such as the stress intensity factor and the moment are calculated and presented numerically according to some relevant parameters. The numerical results show that the discontinuities around the crack and the inclusion cause a large increase in the stresses that decay with distance from the disc-loaded. Furthermore, the dependence of the stress intensity factor on the disc size, the distance between the crack and the disc, and the shear parameter is also observerd.
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A characteristic feature of soil-steel structures is that, unlike in typical bridges, the backfill and the carriageway pavement with its foundation play a major role in bearing loads. In the soil-steel structure model, one can distinguish two structural subsystems: the shell made of corrugated plates and the backfill with the pavement layers. The interactions between the subsystems are modelled as interfacial interactions, that is, forces normal and tangent to the surface of the shell. This is a static condition of the consistency of mutual interactions between the surrounding earth and the shell, considering that slip can arise at the interface between the subsystems. This paper presents an algorithm for determining the internal forces in the shell on the basis of the unit strains in the corrugated plates, and subsequently, the interfacial interactions. The effects of loads arising during the construction of a soil-steel bridge when, for example, construction machines drive over the structure, are taken into account in the analysis of the internal forces in the shell and in the surrounding earth. During construction, the forces in the shell are usually many times greater than the ones generated by service loads. Thus, the analytical results presented in this paper provide the basis for predicting the behaviour of the soil medium under operational loads.
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2019-09-30
    Description: This article presents the results of laboratory tests on soft, normally consolidated soils from the Vistula Marshlands. Samples of high-plasticity organic soils (muds) taken from 3.2–4.0 m and 9.5–10.0 m depth, as well as peat deposit at 14.0 m, are analysed. Presented case study confirms the applicability of the Norwegian Institute of Technology (NTH) method based on Cone Penetration Tests (CPTU) and allows for a conservative estimation of effective friction angle for muds. The plastification angle equal to 14.5° for organic silt, applied in the modified NTH method, fits well the triaxial test (TX) results. Moreover, the dilative-contractive behaviour according to the CPTU soil classification based on the Robertson’s proposal from 2016 corresponds well with volumetric changes observed in the consolidated drained triaxial compression tests. The internal friction angles of the Vistula Marshlands’ muds and peats are lower in comparison with the database of similar soft soils.
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2019-02-11
    Description: Based on the response of small-scale model square footing, the present paper shows the results of an experimental bearing capacity of eccentrically loaded square footing, near a slope sand bed. To reach this aim, a steel model square footing of (150 mm × 150 mm) and a varied sand relative density of 30%, 50% and 70% are used. The bearing capacity-settlement relationship of footing located at the edge of a slope and the effect of various parameters such as eccentricity (e) and dimensions report (b/B) were studied. Test results indicate that ultimate bearing capacity decreases with increasing load eccentricity to the core boundary of footing and that as far as the footing is distant from the crest, the bearing capacity increases. Furthermore, the results also prove that there is a clear proportional relation between relative densities –bearing capacity. The model test provides qualitative information on parameters influencing the bearing capacity of square footing. These tests can be used to check the bearing capacity estimated by the conventional methods.
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Tunnel construction below or adjacent to piles will affect the performance and eventually the stability of piles due to ground deformation resulting in the movement of piles and changes in the axial force distribution along the piles. A three dimensional finite element analysis using PLAXIS 3D (2013) was performed to study the behaviour of a single pile and 3 x 3 piles group during the advancement of shield tunnelling in ground. The 10-node tetrahedral elements were used to model both the soil and the tunnel lining. The Hardening Soil (HS) model was used to simulate the soil structure interaction at the tunnel-soil interface. An isotropic elastic model was used for the pile, piles cap, tunnel lining and tunnel boring machine shield (TBM). Several parametric studies were attempted including the longitudinal, lateral, and vertical tunnel location relative to pile embedded in different types of soil (clay or sand). The results showed that the pile head settlement increases during the tunnelling advancement in larger values than that for ground surface settlement. A zone of influence was determined in the range of twice the tunnel diameter in the longitudinal direction (forward and backward of the pile), and transverse direction (left and right of the tunnel centreline). If the tunnel boring is kept off this zone then there is no fear of pile collapse.
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2019-01-04
    Description: The paper evaluates the effectiveness of reinforcing a damaged earth structure with making counterfort drains in its slope. The system of counterfort drains changed the soil properties significantly over a long-term use. The evaluation was based on many years of field and laboratory tests and stability analysis. The field tests concerned the observation of N WST probing resistance change, and the laboratory tests concerned the change in soil consistency and water content. The paper presents the results of tests that were conducted over 13 years.
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2019-09-30
    Description: The article describes a computer analysis of the pull-out test used to calculate the force needed to pull out a rock fragment and determine the shape of this broken fragment. The analyzed material is sandstone and porphyry. The analysis included the first approach to using own subroutine in the Simulia Abaqus system, that is, which task is undertaken to accurately determine the crack path of the Finite Element Method model. The work also contains a description of laboratory tests and analytical considerations.
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: At present, the suspended monorail systems constitute a very common means of transportation in the Polish hard coal mines. The main advantages of the suspended monorail include the independence of the route from the working floor surface irregularities and the possibility to transport cargo of significant mass and size.The masses and dimensions of machines and devices transported via monorail have increased considerably in recent times. This particularly concerns the transport of longwall system elements. In Poland, the maximum speed of suspended monorail travel is 2 m/s. Due to the fact that preparations are currently underway to increase the maximum speed above 2 m/s, it is necessary to inspect what influence it will have on work safety and mining support stability.Current operational experience and tests have shown that dynamic loads induced by the suspended monorail transportation have a significant influence on the roadway support stability, working protection durability and on the monorail operators. This is particularly true during the emergency braking of a suspended monorail by means of a braking trolley, where the overloads reach 3g.Bench tests of the selected steel arch and rock bolt support elements utilised in the Polish hard coal mines were conducted in order to determine the resistance of steel arch and rock bolt supports to static and dynamic loads.The article presents the results of the tests conducted on a steel arch support in the form of the sliding joints of an ŁP/V29 yielding roadway support, which is commonly employed in the Polish hard coal mines. Tests of elements of the threaded bolts with trapezoidal threads over the entire rod length were conducted as well.The conducted strength tests of steel arch and rock bolt support elements under static and dynamic loading have shown that dynamic loading has decisive influence on the support’s retaining of its stability. Support element stability decreases along with the increase of the impact velocity. This concerns both the steel arch support and the rock bolt support.
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2019-04-08
    Description: We show that the global non-linear stability threshold for convection in a double-diffusive couple-stress fluid saturating a porous medium is exactly the same as the linear instability boundary. The optimal result is important because it shows that linearized instability theory has captured completely the physics of the onset of convection. It is also found that couple-stress fluid saturating a porous medium is thermally more stable than the ordinary viscous fluid, and the effects of couple-stress parameter (F ) , solute gradient ( S f ) and Brinkman number ( D a ) on the onset of convection is also analyzed.
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This paper discusses the pull-out laboratory tests and the monitoring of expansion-shell bolts with a length of 1.82 m. The bolts comprised the KE-3W expansion shell, a rod with a diameter of 0.0183 m and a profiled, circular plate with a diameter of 0.14 m, and a gauge of 0.006 m. The bolts were installed in a concrete block with a compressive strength of 75 MPa. The tests were conducted on a state-of-the-art test stand owned by the Department of Underground Mining of the AGH University of Science and Technology. The test stand can be used to test roof bolts on a geometric scale of 1:1 under static and rapidly varying loads. Also, the stand is suitable for testing rods measuring 5.5 m in length. The stand has a special feature of providing the ongoing monitoring of bolt load, displacement and deformation. The primary aim of the study was to compare the results recorded by two different measurement systems with the innovative Self-Excited Acoustic System (SAS) for measuring stress variations in roof bolts. In order to use the SAS, a special handle equipped with an accelerometer and exciter mounted to the nut or the upset end of the rod was designed at the Faculties of Mining and Geoengineering and Mechanical Engineering and Robotics of the AGH University of Science and Technology. The SAS can be used for nondestructive evaluation of performance of bolts around mining workings and in tunnels. Through laboratory calibration tests, roof bolt loads can be assessed using the in-situ non-destructive method.
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2019-12-30
    Description: This paper presents an experimental investigation of the discharge flow pressure in the vertical silo and the hopper due to the use of insert (top cone with trunk cone bottom). Using the Insert inside the silos is one of the proposed solutions to avoid the problems of having funnel flow pattern, which has a significant effect on the distribution of flow pressure exerted on the silo wall and the hopper. The experiments were performed on a metal cylinder prototype; corn was used as a granular material, and the wall and hopper pressure distribution was measured by a special pressure transducer. The experiments revealed an important result in the flow pressure due to the change in the location of the insert. The experiments were conducted in Damascus University laboratories.
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2019-12-30
    Description: Water seepage is one of the most important features of embankment dams. To prevent and reduce seepage, it is necessary to seal the dam. Plastic concrete cutoff walls are one of the most efficient methods in waterproofing the foundation of embankment dams on permeable alluvial substrates. Sufficient resistance to loads, low permeability to maintain dam sealing, high ductility compatible with the foundation and deformation under load without cracking are the main requirements in plastic concrete cutoff walls. In this paper, the construction and implementation of the cutoff wall of Karkheh Dam, which is one the world’s largest water sealing projects, was studied. In addition, a numerical model using Seep-3D software was developed to evaluate the efficiency of the cut-off wall to decrease the seepage over the dam’s foundation. The numerical results validated by instrumentation statistics resulted from 17-years dam operation. According to the results, after the drainage of the reservoir, the cutoff wall optimally reduced the hydraulic gradient by 0.08 from 2.35 and the water leakage by 3.1 m/s from 18.3 m/s.
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2019-12-30
    Description: The main issue of the paper is the estimation of soil hydraulic permeability based on the DMT test. DMTA, DMTC and SASK methods performed in the Nielisz dam, Stegny and the SGGW Campus of the Warsaw University of Life Sciences sites are described. The article presents the implementation of the dilatometer Marchetti test (DMT) in the determination of soil fraction and effects of its occurrence in the subsoil, tested in the Nielisz dam located in the Wieprz river valley in the Lublin province, and in various sites in Warsaw (Stegny site and SGGW Campus of the Warsaw University of Life Sciences). In order to acquire the needed data, the flat dilatometer test (DMT) method was used. A direct and indirect pressure methodology of interpreting soil swelling was characterized in the article. The paper shows the possibilities of determining sand, silt and clay soil fractions based on po and p1 pressures from dilatometer tests (DMT) and the effective (σ’vo) and total (σvo) vertical in situ overburden stress. Additionally, the main advantage of this paper is the proposal of use of a new chart to determine hydraulic permeability and soil fraction, based on DMT tests.
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2019-03-26
    Description: This article deals with the vibrations of a nonprismatic thin-walled beam with an open cross section and any geometrical parameters. The thin-walled beam model presented in this article was described using the membrane shell theory, whilst the equations were derived based on the Vlasov theory assumptions. The model is a generalisation of the model presented by Wilde (1968) in ‘The torsion of thin-walled bars with variable cross-section’, Archives of Mechanics, 4, 20, pp. 431–443. The Hamilton principle was used to derive equations describing the vibrations of the beam. The equations were derived relative to an arbitrary rectilinear reference axis, taking into account the curving of the beam axis and the axis formed by the shear centres of the beam cross sections. In most works known to the present authors, the equations describing the nonprismatic thin-walled beam vibration problem do not take into account the effects stemming from the curving (the inclination of the walls of the thin-walledcross section towards to the beam axis) of the analysed systems. The recurrence algorithm described in Lewanowicz’s work (1976) ‘Construction of a recurrence relation of the lowest order for coefficients of the Gegenbauer series’, Applicationes Mathematicae, XV(3), pp. 345–396, was used to solve the derived equations with variable coefficients. The obtained solutions of the equations have the form of series relative to Legendre polynomials. A numerical example dealing with the free vibrations of the beam was solved to verify the model and the effectiveness of the presented solution method. The results were compared with the results yielded by finite elements method (FEM).
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2019-04-08
    Description: This paper presents the results obtained from an experimental programme and numerical investigations conducted on model tests of strip footing resting on reinforced and unreinforced sand slopes. The study focused on the determination of ultimate bearing capacity of strip footing subjected to eccentric load located either towards or opposite to the slope facing. Strip footing models were tested under different eccentricities of vertical load. The obtained results from tests conducted on unreinforced sand slope showed that the increase in eccentricity of applied load towards the slope facing decreases the ultimate bearing capacity of footing. Predictions of the ultimate bearing capacity obtained by the effective width rule are in good agreement with those proposed from the consideration of total width of footing subjected to eccentric load. The ultimate bearing capacity of an eccentrically loaded footing on a reinforced sand slope can be derived from that of axially loaded footing resting on horizontal sand ground when adopting the effective width rule and the coefficient of reduction due to the slope. When increasing the distance between the footing border to the slope crest, for unreinforced and reinforced ground slope by geogrids, the ultimate bearing capacity of footing is no more affected by the slope ground.
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2019-09-30
    Description: In urban areas, the control of ground surface settlement is an important issue during shield tunnel-boring machine (TBM) tunneling. These ground movements are affected by many machine control parameters. In this article, a finite difference (FD) model is developed using Itasca FLAC-3D to numerically simulate the whole process of shield TBM tunneling. The model simulates important components of the mechanized excavation process including slurry pressure on the excavation face, shield conicity, installation of segmental lining, grout injection in the annular void, and grout consolidation. The analysis results from the proposed method are compared and discussed in terms of ground movements (both vertical and horizontal) with field measurements data. The results reveal that the proposed 3D simulation is sufficient and can reasonably reproduce all the operations achieved by the TBM. In fact, the results show that the TBM parameters can be controlled to have acceptable levels of surface settlement. In particular, it seems that moderate face pressure can reduce ground movement significantly and, most importantly, can prevent the occurrence of face-expected instability when the shield crosses very weak soil layers. The shield conicity has also an important effect on ground surface settlement, which can be partly compensated by the grout pressure during tail grouting. Finally, the injection pressure at the rear of the shield significantly reduces the vertical displacements at the crown of the tunnel and, therefore, reduces the settlement at the ground surface.
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2019-12-30
    Description: This paper presents an enhanced constitutive model integrating deviatoric hardening with a modified yield surface for overconsolidated clayey soils in a general framework of Cam-clay type models. Its performance was assessed with the simulation of drained and undrained triaxial tests on three clays at different consolidation states in comparison to two critical state models. The proposed model satisfactorily estimates the shear resistance, while capturing the smooth nonlinearity of the soil response.Shear triaxial tests at constant mean pressure were performed on an overconsolidated marl to study the shear response. Their simulation attests the importance of deviatoric hardening integration.
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2019-09-30
    Description: The present study investigates the onset of penetrative convection in- duced by selective absorption of radiation in a magnetic nanofluid saturated porous medium. The influence of Brownian motion, thermophoresis, and magnetophoresis on magnetic nanofluid treatment is taken into consideration. The Darcy’s model is selected for the porous medium. We conduct a linear stability analysis to examine the onset of instability and evaluate the results for two different configurations, namely, when the layer is heated from below and when the layer is heated from above. The numerical investigations are carried out by applying the Chebyshev pseudospectral method. The effect of the porosity parameter E, parameter Y (represents the ratio of internal heating to boundary heating), Lewis number Le, concentration Rayleigh number Rn, Langevin parameter αL, width of nanofluid layer d, diffusivity ratio η, and modified diffusivity ratio NA is examined at the onset of convection. The results indicate that the convection commences easily with an increase in the value of Y, Le, and NA but opposite in the case with a decrease in the value of E, αL, η and d for both the two configurations. The parameter Rn advances the onset of convection when the layer is heated from below, while delays the onset of convection when the layer is heated from above.
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2019-12-30
    Description: This article presents the results of tests on the energy properties of sedimentary rocks in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin. The rocks were tested both in an air-dry state and in a water saturation state. Samples of sedimentary rocks were collected from boreholes drilled in the underground workings of coal mines located within the area of the city of Jastrzębie, in the areas of the Chwałowice Trough and Rybnik Trough (south-western part of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin) and in the Main Trough. Influence of saturation condition on the values of the tested energy parameters was observed. The values of elastic energy and dissipated energy obtained for the samples tested in water saturation were lower compared to the values obtained for samples tested in air-dry state. As observed, an increase in the values of the given types of specific energy corresponds to an increase in the uniaxial compression strength in air-dry state and in water saturation state. Results of the tests are original and they can be applied while analysing the possibility of the occurrence of some dynamic phenomena and hazards in mine workings in Carboniferous rock mass in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, caused by mining operations.
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2019-09-30
    Description: Different types of foundations are used in steel, above-ground cylindrical storage tanks for liquids. If a sand-gravel foundation is used under the entire bottom of the tank or only in the central part of the tank, settlement can be expected, and it increases after many years of operation. The paper presents the typical kinds and types of soil settlements under the bottoms of the tanks, in which different types of foundations were used. Numerical analyses of the effect of the soil settlement on the state of deformations and stresses in steel sheets of the bottom under one of the real tanks, in which different types of foundations and different cases of settlement were assumed. The results of numerical analyses indicated the possibility of evaluating the state of the soil settlement and bottom sheet deformations on the basis of simple measurements of deformations of the lower part of the tank cylinder. These measurements can be very useful in assessing the possible risk of failure of the tank bottom during each period of its operation, as measurements of settlement of the bottom of a filled tank are not feasible in practice. It has been proposed that in each steel tank, the deformation of the cylinder’s sheets should be measured even before the beginning of exploitation, and that in subsequent periodical measurements, the influence of the soil settlement under the tank on the state of the cylinder deformation and bottom’s strain should be assessed more accurately.
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2019-12-30
    Description: Sands reinforced by hydraulic binders (cement) have constituted in recent decades a major asset for the expansion of several areas of engineering. The mechanical behavior of sand-cement mixtures has undergone some controversies studied on the Chlef sand. In this paper, we present an experimental study to investigate the mechanical behavior of a sandy soil reinforced by a hydraulic binder (cement), using the direct shear apparatus emphasizing on the shear strength characteristics and the vertical deformation variation of cemented reinforced sand. The parameters used in this study are mainly: relative density (Dr = 80%), normal stress (σn = 100, 200, 400 kPa), water content (3, 7 and 10%), cement content (2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 %) and cure time (7, 14 and 28 days). The experimental results show that the mechanical characteristics in terms of internal cohesion (C) and internal frication angle (φ) give a better mechanical performance with the binder inclusion, and the cure conditions play an effective role on the improvement of the shear strength. This result also showed that 10% of the cement content gave us a maximum value of shear strength and an optimal influence on the mechanical characteristics. The addition of cement not only improves the shear strength of soil, but also provides diversity in the resistance against the deformations imposed load, which can be established by a dilatant character.
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2019-12-30
    Description: Extractive industries often use explosives to destroy rocks, and productivity requirements tend to increase the charges of the explosives. The blasts induce vibrations, which result in a potential damage of the surrounding structures. Therefore, the prediction of vibrations should be described with accuracy, in order to ensure the safety of engineered structures. However, the prediction of vibrations’ levels remain a complicated issue, because it involves numerous parameters correlated to the quarry site. In this paper, statistical analysis based on the peak particle velocity (PPV) and the attenuation law has been carried out to assess the safety charges (Q) for different distances (R) between the blast and the considered structure to secure. Moreover, the experimental investigations were conducted on the quarry site of “Sococim”, which is located on the south coast of Senegal. To ensure the safety of the “Conveyor belt” and “Panel 1 (Upper exploitation level)” sites, the PPV should be less than 10 mm/s. In fact, the attenuation model has been used to assess the safe charge weights of the explosive (Q) to be used at the “Conveyor belt” site and at the “Panel 1 (Upper exploitation level)” site. Therefore, the safe charge weights per delay (Q) were respectively 116 kg and 13.75 kg.
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2019-12-30
    Description: This work presents the geotechnical problems occurring in the interaction area between road embankments and the bridge structures in case a subsoil characterised by complex and complicated geological and engineering conditions. These significant problems that occur during the design, performance and exploitation of the abutment structures, are illustrated on the example of engineering practice in Lower Silesia, concerning a road embankment that constitutes access to the bridge. The results of numerical analyses concerning the process of consolidation of low-strength soils and their impact on the settlements of road embankment indicate the need to carry out such analyses also in the cases, when the soft soils occur in the direct geotechnical layer under the designed embankment. The Authors included in this article a discussion regarding other effective actions and solutions that can be used in the design and performance phase, leading to the elimination or reduction of problems concerning the connection of engineering structures with road embankments, which have been recurring for years, ultimately resulting in the improvement of quality, comfort and safety of road exploitation.
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2019-04-12
    Description: Understanding the quality of intact rock is one of the most important parts of any engineering projects in the field of rock mechanics. The expression of correlations between the engineering properties of intact rock has always been the scope of experimental research, driven by the need to depict the actual behaviour of rock and to calculate most accurately the design parameters. To determine the behaviour of intact rock, the value of important mechanical parameters such as Young’s modulus (E), Poisson’s ratio (ν) and the strength of rock (σcd) was calculated. Recently, for modelling the behaviour of intact rock, the crack initiation stress (σci) is another important parameter, together with the strain (σ). The ratio of Young’s modulus and the strength of rock is the modulus ratio (MR), which can be used for calculations. These parameters are extensively used in rock engineering when the deformation of different structural elements of underground storage, caverns, tunnels or mining opening must be computed. The objective of this paper is to investigate the relationship between these parameters for Hungarian granitic rock samples. To achieve this goal, the modulus ratio (MR = E/σc) of 50 granitic rocks collected from Bátaapáti radioactive waste repository was examined. Fifty high-precision uniaxial compressive tests were conducted on strong (σc 〉100 MPa) rock samples, exhibiting the wide range of elastic modulus (E = 57.425–88.937 GPa), uniaxial compressive strength (σc = 133.34–213.04 MPa) and Poisson’s ratio (ν = 0.18–0.32). The observed value (MR = 326–597) and mean value of MR = 439.4 are compared with the results of similar previous researches. Moreover, the statistical analysis for all studied rocks was performed and the relationshipbetween MR and other mechanical parameters such as maximum axial strain $left( {{varepsilon }_{ext{a,},ext{max}}} ight)$for studied rocks was discussed.
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Waste material such as used tires is increasing every year, which poses environmental problems. However, such material has been used in several geotechnical applications as alternative lightweight backfill in highway embankments and/or behind retaining walls, providing environmental, economic and technical benefits. These applications require knowledge of engineering properties of soil-tire rubber mixtures. The present study aims to show the possibility of tire rubber usage in sand by evaluating the shear strength and deformability of sand mixed with granulated rubber, in weight percentages between 0 and 50%. The tire rubber content was found to influence the stress-strain and deformation behavior of the mixtures. The shear strength of sand mixed with 10% or 20% tire rubber was higher than that measured for sand only. However, the trend for TRC = 30–50% was different. Samples with a rubber content of 30-50% exhibited a rapid decrease in the stress ratio compared with that of sand. The major principal strain at maximum stress ratio was found to increase with increasing tire rubber content. However, it was observed that the lateral strains (minor and intermediate principal strains) of samples reduced significantly with the addition of tire rubber to the sand.
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    Publication Date: 2019-01-01
    Print ISSN: 1642-2511
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-5923
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2019-01-01
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2019-01-01
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2019-01-01
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2019-01-01
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  • 71
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    Publication Date: 2019-01-01
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    Publication Date: 2019-01-01
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2019-01-01
    Description: In 455 AD a strong, presumably M ≥ 6.0, earthquake occurred in or near the ancient town Savaria, the present Szombathely, West Hungary. According to the certainly incomplete earthquake catalogue, since then no similar significant seismic event occurred during the last 1500 years in this area which is currently considered inactive. Conclusions of this study are: (1) According to contemporary written historical sources (Annales Ravennates and biographical information about the life of Saint Severinus), the earthquake that destroyed Savaria and occurred in 455 AD had a magnitude of M ≥ 6.0. (2) In order to support the aforementioned magnitude value calculations were necessary. As the historical seismicity of the area is not known sufficiently an independent geodynamical approach – in parallel to the Gutenberg-Richter relationship – was used to estimate the return interval of earthquakes M ≥ 6. It was found in both cases that in the Szombathely region the recurrence time of earthquakes M6 and M6.5 is 1000 and 3000 years. Consequently, the earthquake activity of the Szombathely region is significantly lower than that of the Pannonian Basin in general.
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2019-01-01
    Description: The Upper Triassic (Norian–Rhaetian) Nayband Formation is situated at the southwestern margin of Central East Iranian Microcontinent and records Eo-Cimmerian events. The formation is composed of mixed carbonate-siliciclastic deposits. This study presents information on the tectonic reconstruction and palaeoclimate of the southwestern margin of Central East Iranian Microcontinent during the Late Triassic. Petrography and modal analyses of sandstones show a variety of quartz-rich petrofacies including subarkose, lithic arkose, sublitharenite, feldspathic litharenite and litharenite. The combined modal analysis and geochemical results of major and trace elements of the sandstone samples represents mixed sedimentary, intermediate, felsic igneous rocks and moderate- to high-grade metamorphic provenance areas. The major elements and modal analyses of the Nayband Formation sandstone samples suggest an active continental margin tec-tonic settings. The palaeoclimatic conditions were sub-humid to humid with relatively low to moderate weathering in the source area which is in agreement with the palaeogeography and palaeotectonic history of southwestern margin of Central East Iranian Microcontinent during the Late Triassic.
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2019-01-01
    Description: The Neogene Transylvanian Basin (TB), enclosed between the eastern and southern Carpathians and the Apuseni Mountains in Romania, is a significant natural gas province with a long production history. In order to improve the (bio) stratigraphic resolution, correlations and dating in the several 100-m-thick upper Miocene (Pannonian) succession of the basin, the largest and most fossiliferous outcrop at Guşteriţa (northeastern part of Sibiu) was investigated and set as a reference section for the Congeria banatica zone in the entire TB. Grey, laminated and massive silty marl, deposited in the deep-water environment of Lake Pannon, was exposed in the ~55-m-high outcrop. The uppermost 25 m of the section was sampled in high resolution (sampling per metres) for macro- and microfossils, including palynology; for authigenic 10Be/9Be dating and for magnetostratigraphy; in addition, macrofossils and samples for authigenic 10Be/9Be isotopic measurements were collected from the lower part of the section as well. The studied sedimentary record belongs to the profundal C. banatica mollusc assemblage zone. The upper 25 m can be correlated to the Hemicytheria tenuistriata and Propontoniella candeo ostracod biozones, the uppermost part of the Spiniferites oblongus, the entire Pontiadinium pecsvaradense and the lowermost part of the Spiniferites hennersdorfensis organic-walled microplankton zones. All samples contained endemic Pannonian calcareous nannofossils, representing the Noelaerhabdus bozinovicae zone. Nine samples were analysed for authigenic 10Be/9Be isotopic measurements. The calculated age data of six samples provided a weighted mean value of 10.42 ± 0.39 Ma. However, three samples within the section exhibited higher isotopic ratios and yielded younger apparent ages. A nearly twofold change in the initial 10Be/9Be ratio is a possible reason for the higher measured isotopic ratios of these samples. Magnetostratigraphic samples showed normal polarity for the entire upper part of the outcrop and can be correlated with the C5n.2n polarity chron (11.056–9.984 Ma, ATNTS2012), which is in agreement with the biostratigraphic data. Based on these newly obtained data and correlation of the biozones with other parts of the Pannonian Basin System, the Guşteriţa section represents the ~ 11.0–10.5 Ma interval, and it is a key section for correlation of mollusc, ostracod, dinoflagellate and calcareous nannoplankton biostratigraphic records within this time interval.
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2019-08-06
    Description: The objective of this paper is to understand how work processes and the quality of physical places support creative knowledge generation. The creation of knowledge is linked to both social space and physical place, and is influenced by steady socio-spatial dynamics. In workplaces, the space-time dynamics of knowledge creation coincide with the physical characteristics of place. On the basis of qualitative interviews with Design thinking workshop facilitators, as well as participants, the influence of three types of creative support (psychosocial, inspirational and functional) is linked to the elements of place, people and process in this specific innovation method. This paper discusses in which ways place, people and process contribute to creating a creativity-enhancing workspace and inspiring atmosphere in temporary spatial proximity. Eventisation of the innovation process, and interaction in temporary spatial proximity, are important prerequisites for keeping knowledge creation exciting.
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2019-10-30
    Description: Zusammenfassung Der Beitrag untersucht die Stadtentwicklungsstrategien von Bremen und Leipzig im Hinblick auf ihren Umgang mit Migration. Die Leitfragen des Beitrages sind folgende: Auf welche Zielgruppen der Migration setzen die Stadtentwicklungspolitiken, um Wachstumsziele zu erreichen? Inwieweit erfolgt ein Perspektivenwechsel auf Migration vom Problem zum Potenzial der Stadtentwicklung? Unsere empirischen Ergebnisse zeigen, dass beide Städte in erster Linie auf die Zuwanderung von jungen und hochqualifizierten Arbeitskräften zielen. Beide Städte setzen außerdem auf die Zuwanderung von Studierenden und versuchen, diese nach ihrem Hochschulabschluss zu halten. Diese Orientierung ist allerdings nur schwer in die Praxis umzusetzen, denn in beiden Städten ist die Anzahl an Arbeitsmöglichkeiten für hochqualifizierte Kräfte begrenzt. Hinzu kommt der Stellenwert der Zuwanderung aus dem Ausland, die - obwohl sie das größte Wachstumssegment in den Zuwanderungsbilanzen ist - von beiden Städten zunächst weniger wahrgenommen wurde und erst in den letzten Jahren stärker an strategischer Bedeutung gewinnt. Sie wird in den Stadtentwicklungskonzepten beider Städte gleichzeitig als Potenzial und als Problem wahrgenommen. Der Beitrag diskutiert die Steuerungsdilemmata von Städten im Umgang mit Migration. Hierzu zählen wir vor allem die mangelnden Steuerungskapazitäten der Städte in Bezug auf die Gestaltung der Zuwanderungsgruppen, ein ,duales Regime' zwischen Wachstums- und Integrationspolitiken sowie häufig selektiv nur auf Teilgruppen der tatsächlichen Zuwanderung zielende Leitvorstellungen.
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2019-10-26
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2019-08-30
    Description: KurzfassungMit dem deutlichen Anstieg der Zuwanderung Geflüchteter seit Mitte der 2010er-Jahre stehen die Städte und Gemeinden mit ihrer kommunalen Ausländer- und Migrationspolitik vor neuen Herausforderungen der gesellschaftlichen Integration. Die Bewältigung dieser Herausforderungen erfolgt im Zusammenspiel verschiedener, zum Teil neuer lokaler Akteure aus dem öffentlichen (z. B. kommunale Verwaltung, Wohlfahrtsorganisationen), privatwirtschaftlichen (z. B. Arbeitgeber) und zivilgesellschaftlichen Bereich (z. B. ehrenamtliche Initiativen). In diesem Beitrag werden die verschiedenen Logiken zentraler, am Integrationsprozess beteiligter Akteure beleuchtet, um aufzuzeigen, wer unter welchen Voraussetzungen die Integrationsbedingungen vor Ort in welcher Weise gestaltet und steuert. Die Untersuchung wurde in zwei unterschiedlichen lokalen Kontexten, der Stadt Köln und dem Kreis Heinsberg, mit dem Ziel durchgeführt, Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten lokaler Governance aufzuzeigen. Die Ergebnisse beruhen auf 29 Experteninterviews mit Vertretern der Stadt- und Kreisverwaltungen, der Stadtgesellschaften und der Landesebene, die im Rahmen beruflicher oder ehrenamtlicher Tätigkeit am Integrationsprozess Geflüchteter beteiligt sind. Im Ergebnis zeigen sich bei einigen Maßnahmen der Integrationspolitik verschiedene Handlungslogiken. Dies trifft erstens für das Verhältnis zwischen staatlichen Akteuren der Bundes- und Landesebene und kommunalen Akteuren zu. Dies trifft zweitens aber auch auf das Verhältnis zwischen kommunalen und zivilgesellschaftlichen Akteuren zu. Dabei spielen die räumlichen und situativen Kontexte eine differenzierende Rolle.
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2019-10-30
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2019-08-30
    Description: ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag untersucht, wie es in einer Mittelstadt Normalität wird, Geflüchtete auszugrenzen. Dazu wird das analytische Modell feindseliger Orte formuliert, welches die Ausgrenzung der als fremd markierten Gruppe erklärt. Voraussetzung ist eine Normalitätsverschiebung, wodurch sich die Normen einer (Stadt)gesellschaft so justieren, dass Ausgrenzung als legitim erscheint. Am Beispiel der ostsächsischen Stadt Bautzen werden mittels einer vorgelagerten Untersuchung des lokalen Diskurses sowie der Auswertung von 106 leitfadengestützten Interviews sowohl die Normalitätsverschiebung als auch die Ausgrenzung Geflüchteter, verstanden als Kontexteffekt, untersucht. Das Ergebnis zeigt, dass es in Bautzen zu einer Normalitätsverschiebung gekommen ist und die Ausgrenzung Geflüchteter von weiten Teilen der Bevölkerung als legitim angesehen oder nicht sanktioniert wird. Geflüchtete berichten von Ausgrenzung und Gewalt in unterschiedlichen Arenen wie Bildungseinrichtungen, dem öffentlichen Raum oder dem ÖPNV. Der Beitrag schließt mit der Formulierung weitergehenden Forschungsbedarfs und der Frage, welche sozialstrukturellen Dynamiken Voraussetzung zur Herausbildung eines feindseligen Ortes sind.
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2019-04-09
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2019-04-30
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2019-02-28
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2019-04-30
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2019-04-30
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2019-04-05
    Description: ZusammenfassungDer in diesem Beitrag vorgestellte Forschungsansatz soll als Vorschlag für eine Neuauflage der stadtsoziologischen und stadtgeographischen Aktionsraumforschung verstanden werden. Der methodische Ansatz wird dabei anhand einer explorativen Studie mit Koblenzer Studierenden veranschaulicht. Entsprechend dem Mixed-Methods-Ansatz „Explanatory Sequential Design" kombinieren wir quantitative und qualitative Erhebungs- und Auswertungsverfahren. So erheben wir studentische Bewegungsdaten mithilfe einer Smartphone-App, um studentische Hotspots zu lokalisieren. Zudem verknüpfen wir diese Daten mit Angaben zu den individuellen Lebensstilen der Studenten, um dadurch eine Differenzierung der Bewegungsabläufe zu erreichen (Bewegungsmuster). Schließlich ergänzen wir die erhobenen Daten mit qualitativen Beobachtungen der lokalisierten Hotspots, um ein besseres Verständnis für die Gründe der Bewegungsmuster zu entwickeln. Ohne Anspruch auf Repräsentativität zu erheben, zeigen unsere Ergebnisse, dass sich die Bewegungsprofile bzw. die identifizierten Lokalitäten entlang der lebensstilspezifischen Differenzierungskriterien beschreiben lassen. Werden die jeweiligen Orte mittels qualitativer Beobachtungen näher betrachtet, dann lassen sich Anzeichen einer engen Passung von theoretisch implizierten Annahmen zu den Lebensführungstypen und den Raumbezügen einerseits und den aufgesuchten Lokalitäten andererseits feststellen.
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2019-04-05
    Description: This article critically discusses how Turkish migrants as an established migrant group have interpreted and acted on the arrival of Syrian refugees in Berlin from 2015 onwards and whether their responses have resulted in new spaces in which new contestations and/or solidarities emerge. To this end, it focuses on the processes and the ways in which established groups (re-)articulate their urban citizenship and belonging to a particular urban space in relation to newcomers. Building on the analytical framework of relational and agency-centered articulation of urban citizenship and drawing on research data collected in the Kreuzberg and Neukölln neighborhoods of Berlin, the analysis has two main findings. Firstly, Turkish migrants have been involved in solidarity activities and contribute to a more inclusive urban citizenship regarding Syrian refugees. At the same time, they perceive Syrian refugees as a threat to their standing in the city and their right to the usage of urban space. This results in a more defensive urban citizenship against the refugees. Secondly, the unequal power relations and local, national and transitional dynamics act as intervening factors shaping Turkish migrants' responses to Syrian refugees and the process of urban citizenship formation.
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2019-04-30
    Description: In this article, I set out different relationships between planning theory, research and practice, drawing on Lacan's "production of four discourses". I argue that each element of the planning theory-research-practice 'triad' acts as the discursive 'agent' and gives rise to particular kinds of 'subject-planner' (the 'master', the 'expert', the 'idealistic' and the 'pragmatic') with specific ideological upshots ('hidden' big other, 'feigned' big other, hysteria and subjective destitution). Primarily a theoretical discussion, the article is also partially underpinned by my own practical experience in planning. While Lacanian psychoanalytical theory has already entered the planning field, its deployment has been mostly centred on deconstructing both planning decision-making processes and the mediation of planners in creating and implementing plans. Hence, the attempt here is to look in more depth at the 'ambivalent' role of the planner as well as to bring in 'planning research', as a key, somewhat occluded, element within the discussion on bridging planning theory and practice. Further, in the literature there seems to be a sort of omnipresent assumption that 'valid' reflection on planning can only come from the 'outside', which in turn perpetuates the role of the academic researcher simply trying to decode and analyse what the practitioner does (or tries to do). Critical impressions from those 'out there', 'on the job', are still missing. They, far from mere anecdotic accounts, ought to comprise self-inflicted criticism triggered by a sense of discomfort with what's being done – by the hysterical question of "why am I a planner?" and "why I am doing this or that?"
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2019-04-30
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2019-04-30
    Description: ZusammenfassungZiel des vorliegenden Beitrags ist es, die alltägliche Praxis von Stadtplanerinnen und Stadtplanern zu reflektieren, um sich vertiefend mit Stadtplanung als Disziplin auseinanderzusetzen und herauszufinden, welche Implikationen damit für das berufliche Selbstverständnis von Planerinnen und Planern verbunden sind. Auf der Basis einer schriftlichen Befragung unter Planerinnen und Planern in den öffentlichen Verwaltungen deutscher Mittelstädte kann festgestellt werden, dass Stadtplanung zwar über spezifische inhaltliche Schwerpunkte und das dazugehörige Fachwissen verfügt, es Stadtplanung aber nicht gelingt, ihre gesellschaftliche Bedeutung glaubhaft zu vermitteln und die Identität der Planung herauszubilden. Stadtplanerinnen und Stadtplaner sorgen zwar für einen möglichst reibungslosen Ablauf der Verfahren und die Rechtssicherheit der Projekte, die Formalisierung der Bauleitplanung trägt aber gleichzeitig dazu bei, dass konzeptionelle Ansätze für eine verantwortungsbewusste Stadtentwicklung nur selten zu finden sind. Dies schlägt sich auch in den Selbst- und Rollenverständnissen von Planerinnen und Planern nieder, die sich eher als Projekt- und Prozessmanager und weniger als Innovatoren bzw. Impulsgeber sehen. Darüber hinaus ist der Berufsalltag durch interdisziplinäre Arbeitsweisen und Fachkenntnisse bestimmt, was ein weiteres unverwechselbares Merkmal von Stadtplanung darstellt. Die ausgeprägte Interdisziplinarität ist gleichzeitig aber auch die größte Schwäche von Stadtplanung, da die Vielzahl an Ansätzen, Wissensformen und Methoden dazu führt, dass es keinen eindeutig identifizierbaren Kern gibt. Eine Verständigung darüber scheint aber umso wichtiger, um den Planerinnen und Planern für ihr Handeln eine neue Orientierung zu geben, um (auch) zukünftig eine proaktive und strategische Koordination und Steuerung der Raumentwicklung im Sinne einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung zu gewährleisten.
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2019-02-28
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2019-02-28
    Description: ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag wird die Repräsentativität der deutschen Biosphärenreservate diskutiert. Die Nachhaltigkeitsziele der Vereinten Nationen dienen dafür als theoriegeleiteter Analyserahmen. Deutschland erreicht derzeit einen Anteil von rund 16 Prozent der Landfläche, die unter striktem Naturschutz stehen. Es stellt sich somit kein Mengenproblem, vielmehr steht die Frage der Anzahl, räumlichen Verteilung und inhaltlichen Qualität von Schutzgebieten im Vordergrund – hier der Biosphärenreservate. In bisherigen Arbeiten wurde ausschließlich die naturräumliche Repräsentativität der Biosphärenreservate in Deutschland beleuchtet. Das ist für die Bedeutung dieser Gebiete, die dem Paradigma der nachhaltigen Entwicklung explizit verpflichtet sind, nicht ausreichend. Deshalb zielt der Beitrag darauf ab, raumstrukturelle und sozioökonomische Defizite im Netz der deutschen Biosphärenreservate aufzudecken. Dazu werden zu ausgewählten Nachhaltigkeitszielen aussagekräftige Parameter analysiert und in Form thematischer Karten präsentiert. Weiter wird untersucht, ob und inwieweit die existierenden Biosphärenreservate in der Lage sind, als Modellregionen für nachhaltige Entwicklung ihrer gewünschten Vorbildfunktion für den Rest der Welt nachzukommen.
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2019-02-28
    Description: Quality discourses help to legitimate professions. This article therefore addresses the crucial question of how quality can be framed in spatial planning. Based on the context of spatial planning in Austria, this article introduces a normative framework for quality in spatial planning that considers the four dimensions of content, planning methodology, planning process and legal compliance, and shows howthese four dimensions are interlinked. Furthermore, it discusses how quality can be enhanced by concerted governmental action and further education for planners. It is argued that planners might need to adopt a new role as 'teachers' in planning processes to facilitate societal learning processes in order to raise the quality of planning. Finally, it is concluded that the quality debate in spatial planning can be useful to calibrate expectations of planners and society to directly influence sustainable spatial development through spatial planning, to communicate achievements in planning, to raise awareness for sustainable spatial development, and to improve legal frameworks, planning methodology, and planners' training and further education.
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2019-02-28
    Description: ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag thematisiert die Entwicklung und Erfahrungen einer internationalen Forschergruppe, die sich schwerpunktmäßig mit Fragestellungen des Gebietsschutzes in Europa befasst. Unter dem Akronym „NeReGro" (für „Neue Regionalentwicklung in Großschutzgebieten") pflegen vier geographische Arbeitsgruppen an Hochschulen in der Schweiz, Österreich und Deutschland erfolgreich eine lose, informelle Form der Kooperation, die inzwischen annähernd 20 Jahre umspannt. Zentraler Gegenstand ihrer Zusammenarbeit sind die unübersehbaren Veränderungen, die der Gebietsschutz in Europa seit geraumer Zeit erfährt. Diese Entwicklung spiegelt sich besonders anschaulich in den sogenannten Großschutzgebieten wider, von denen viele neben den klassischen Aufgaben des Naturschutzes heute zahlreiche weitere Funktionen wahrnehmen. Ein nicht geringer Teil der raumwissenschaftlichen Forschung zu Großschutzgebieten erweckt den Eindruck relativ isolierter Arbeiten, die wenig Bezug zueinander haben bzw. von geringer gegenseitiger Kenntnis(nahme) zeugen. Die Entwicklung von NeReGro lässt anschaulich die Vorteile erkennen, die sich aus einer systematischen Zusammenarbeit für die Weiterentwicklung der Gebietsschutzforschung insgesamt gewinnen lassen. Diese betreffen die Entwicklung eines international vergleichenden Forschungsansatzes, die Berücksichtigung der gesellschaftlichen Implikationen des Gebietsschutzes sowie die Ergänzung der lokal-regionalen um eine globale Forschungsperspektive. Neben dem Mehrwert von Kooperation, wie er sich in der Arbeit von NeReGro zeigt, sind auch die Grenzen der Zusammenarbeit zu erkennen, wie sie für die Gebietsschutzforschung in Europa generell kennzeichend sind. Hieraus erwächst der Bedarf an der konsequenten Weiterentwicklung geeigneter Formen der Forschungskooperation auf europäischer Ebene, um den wachsenden Herausforderungen, die Planung und Management des Gebietsschutzes mit sich bringen, zukünftig angemessen begegnen zu können.
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2019-02-28
    Description: ZusammenfassungAnlässlich der aktuellen Debatte um den Übergang von der automobilen zur multimodalen Gesellschaft, in der es um eine Abkehr von der weitgehend exklusiven Nutzung des privaten Automobils hin zur flexiblen Nutzung mehrerer Verkehrsmittel geht, wird mit dem vorliegenden Beitrag der sonst vor allem in der Soziologie verwendete Multioptionalitätsbegriff in die Verkehrs- und Mobilitätsforschung übersetzt. Ziel ist es, die im Subtext der Übergangsdebatte mitgeführte potenzielle Ubiquität multimodaler Verhaltensweisen kritisch zu betrachten. Dafür wird Multioptionalität als Voraussetzung für multimodales Verhalten konzeptualisiert, womit innerhalb des Forschungsfeldes eine Perspektivverschiebung von der tatsächlichen hin zur potenziellen Verkehrsmittelwahl angestoßen wird. Die Qualität dieser Perspektivverschiebung wird im Beitrag mithilfe eines Dreischritts aus zwei Narrativen und einem Konzeptvorschlag herausgearbeitet: i) Ein Reflexivitätsnarrativ, wonach die hierarchisch organisierte Ordnung von Verkehrsmitteln innerhalb moderner Alltagsmobilität – das heißt dem privaten Automobil als dominante Option und allen anderen Verkehrsmitteln als rezessive Optionen – zunächst enthierarchisiert zu werden scheint. ii) Ein Regressionsnarrativ, wonach großen Bevölkerungsteilen zunehmend die optionalen Grundlagen zur gesellschaftlichen Teilhabe auf der Basis von Mobilität entzogen werden. Hier scheint eine Nonoptionalität Multioptionalität entgegenzulaufen und die Möglichkeiten zu multimodalen Verhaltensweisen zu unterbinden. iii) Die Ausformulierung eines konzeptionellen Vorschlags zur Integration des Multioptionalitätsbegriffs in die empirisch angelegten Studien zu multimodalem Verhalten, um auf diese Weise ein kritisches Korrektiv in der Übergangsdebatte zur multimodalen Gesellschaft zu verstetigen.
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2019-02-28
    Description: ZusammenfassungAngesichts der Reurbanisierung deutscher Großstädte stellt sich die Frage, ob, wo, mit welcher Intensität und welchen Tendenzen es noch Suburbanisierung gibt. Ein mehrdimensionales quantitatives Modell liefert hierzu Antworten. Zusätzlich zur Bevölkerungsentwicklung, die häufig auf Reurbanisierung oder Suburbanisierung hinweist, integriert das vorgestellte Modell die Beschäftigten- und die Flächenentwicklung. Über Stadt-Umland-Relationen hinausgehend wird untersucht, ob sich die Entwicklungen im Umland großer Städte gemäß dem Idealbild dezentraler Konzentration auf die dortigen Mittelstädte konzentrieren oder disperser auf kleinere Städte und Gemeinden verteilen. Die Berechnungen münden in einen Suburbanisierungsindex, der sich jeweils im Abstand einiger Jahre periodisch ermitteln lässt (Monitoring). Jenseits einer hauptsächlich auf die Bevölkerungsentwicklung gerichteten Perspektive wird das Bild der Suburbanisierung differenziert und vervollständigt. Der Vergleich der unterschiedlichen Dimensionen (Bevölkerung, Beschäftigte, Fläche) führt zu teils gegenläufigen Ergebnissen.
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2019-02-18
    Description: Kurzfassung In der Vergangenheit haben viele deutsche Großstädte versucht, die Medienwirtschaft durch strukturpolitische Konzepte als sektoralen Schwerpunkt zu entwickeln und somit den Wandel in eine moderne Dienstleistungsgesellschaft zu forcieren. Hamburg, Berlin, München, Köln und Frankfurt/M. gelten als führende Medienzentren. In den Detail-analysen der räumlichen Konzentration und der Spezialisierung der Wirtschaftsstruktur zeigen sich jedoch regionale Besonderheiten in den jeweiligen Branchen der Medienwirtschaft. Durch das Aufzeigen von Chancen und Risiken verschiedener Förderansätze zur Initiierung einer leistungsfähigen Medienwirtschaft sollen regionale Akteure bei der Formulierung angepasster Entwicklungskonzepte unterstützt werden.
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