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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (1,632)
  • Seismology
  • Industrial Chemistry
  • 2015-2019  (589)
  • 1950-1954  (2,980)
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  • 1
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    Unknown
    The AlpArray Seismic Network: A Large-Scale European Experiment to Image the Alpine Orogen (2019)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-12-05
    Description: The AlpArray programme is a multinational, European consortium to advance our understanding of orogenesis and its relationship to mantle dynamics, plate reorganizations, surface processes and seismic hazard in the Alps–Apennines–Carpathians–Dinarides orogenic system. The AlpArray Seismic Network has been deployed with contributions from 36 institutions from 11 countries to map physical properties of the lithosphere and asthenosphere in 3D and thus to obtain new, high-resolution geophysical images of structures from the surface down to the base of the mantle transition zone. With over 600 broadband stations operated for 2 years, this seismic experiment is one of the largest simultaneously operated seismological networks in the academic domain, employing hexagonal coverage with station spacing at less than 52 km. This dense and regularly spaced experiment is made possible by the coordinated coeval deployment of temporary stations from numerous national pools, including ocean-bottom seismometers, which were funded by different national agencies. They combine with permanent networks, which also required the cooperation of many different operators. Together these stations ultimately fill coverage gaps. Following a short overview of previous large-scale seismological experiments in the Alpine region, we here present the goals, construction, deployment, characteristics and data management of the AlpArray Seismic Network, which will provide data that is expected to be unprecedented in quality to image the complex Alpine mountains at depth.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1009–1033
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Seismology ; Alps ; Seismic network ; Geodynamics ; Seismic imaging ; Mountain building
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 2
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    Unknown
    Journal of Geophysics - Zeitschrift für Geophysik 60 (2019)
    Springer, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 8 Z NAT 2148:60
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Dieser Band enthält 26 Artikel zu Themengebieten der Geophysik, veröffentlicht durch die Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in dem Jahr 1986.
    Description: Inhaltsverzeichnis: Journal of Geophysics 60 〈html〉 〈body〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0011.pdf"〉Investigation of the velocity- and Q-structure of the lowermost mantle using 〈i〉PcP〈/i〉/〈i〉P〈/i〉 amplitude ratios from arrays at distances of 70°–84°〈/a〉〈br〉 (Schlittenhardt, J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0014.pdf"〉Fast plane-wave and single-shot migration by Fourier transform〈/a〉〈br〉 (Temme, P., Müller, G.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0015.pdf"〉A method of calculating lithosphere thickness from observations of deglacial land uplift and tilt〈/a〉〈br〉 (Wolf, D.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0016.pdf"〉Volcanoes, fountains, earthquakes, and continental motion – What causes them? 〈/a〉〈br〉 (Kundt, W., Jessner, A.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0017.pdf"〉Magnetic properties and oxidation experiments with synthetic olivines〈/a〉〈br〉 (Fe〈sub〉χ〈/sub〉Mg〈sub〉1–χ〈/sub〉)〈sub〉2〈/sub〉SiO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉, 0≦χ≦1 (Hoffmann, V., Soffel, H.C.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0018.pdf"〉Magnetic mineralogy of basalts from El-Bahnasa and Tahna, Egypt〈/a〉〈br〉 (Wassif, N.A.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0020.pdf"〉On the use of line current analogues in geomagnetic depth sounding〈/a〉〈br〉 (Jones, A.G.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0021.pdf"〉Observations of the VLF quiet band phenomenon〈/a〉〈br〉 (Matthews, J.P.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0022.pdf"〉In memoriam Gustav Adolf Schulze (1911–1986)〈/a〉〈br〉 (Dürschner, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0023.pdf"〉Book reviews〈/a〉〈br〉 (Berckhemer, H., Dieminger, W., Engelhard, L.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0024.pdf"〉Hydromagnetic waves at low latitudes: a symposium review from the fifth IAGA assembly〈/a〉〈br〉 (Fraser, B.J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0025.pdf"〉Generation and propagation mechanisms of low-latitude magnetic pulsations – A review〈/a〉〈br〉 (Yumoto, K.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0026.pdf"〉Experimental aspects of low-latitude pulsations - A review〈/a〉〈br〉 (Verö, J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0027.pdf"〉GRF broad-band array analysis of the 1982 Miramichi, New Brunswick earthquake sequence〈/a〉〈br〉 (Basham, P.W., Kind, R.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0028.pdf"〉Rockmagnetism and palaeomagnetism of an early Cretaceous/Late Jurassic dike swarm in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil〈/a〉〈br〉 (Bücker, C., Schult, A., Bloch, W., Guerreiro, S.D.C.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0029.pdf"〉Second Conference on Scientific Ocean Drilling〈/a〉〈br〉 (COSOD II)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0030.pdf"〉Book reviews〈/a〉〈br〉 (Jentzsch, G.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0031.pdf"〉Deep-seated lateral velocity variations beneath the GRF array inferred from mislocation patterns and P residuals〈/a〉〈br〉 (Faber, S., Plomerová, J., Babuška, V.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0034.pdf"〉Lateral variations of the structure of the crust-mantle boundary from conversions of teleseismic 〈i〉P〈/i〉 waves〈/a〉〈br〉 (Qiyuan, L., Kind, R.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0035.pdf"〉Cross spectral analysis of Swabian Jura (SW Germany) three-component microearthquake recordings〈/a〉〈br〉 (Scherbaum, F., Wendler, J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0036.pdf"〉The retrieval of the seismic moment tensor from first-order perturbation theory and generation of compatible models〈/a〉〈br〉 (Lana, X., Correig, A.M.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0037.pdf"〉Impulsive processes in the magnetotail during substorm expansion〈/a〉〈br〉 (Sergeev, V.A., Bösinger, T., Lui, A.T.Y)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0038.pdf"〉Spatial and temporal characteristics of impulsive structure of magnetospheric substorm〈/a〉〈br〉 (Sergeev, V.A., Pellinen, R.J., Bösinger, T., Baumjohann, W., Stauning, P., Lui, A.T.Y.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0039.pdf"〉Seismic signal velocity in absorbing media〈/a〉〈br〉 (Schmidt, T., Müller, G.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0040.pdf"〉In memoriam Nachruf Professor Ludwig Biermann〈/a〉〈br〉 (Treffitz, E.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0041.pdf"〉Book Reviews〈/a〉〈br〉 (Korn, M.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈/body〉 〈/html〉
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Earthquakes ; Earth's Mantle ; Geomagnetic Pulsations ; Germany ; Inverse Problems ; Magnetosphere ; Rock Magnetism ; Seismology ; Seismograms ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: English
    Type: anthology_digi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 3
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    Unknown
    Journal of Geophysics - Zeitschrift für Geophysik 49 (2019)
    Springer, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 8 Z NAT 2148:49
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Dieser Band enthält Artikel zu 41 Themengebieten der Geophysik, veröffentlicht durch die Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in dem Jahr 1981.
    Description: Inhaltsverzeichnis: Journal of Geophysics 49 〈html〉 〈body〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0049/LOG_0011.pdf"〉Palaeomagnetism of a Jurassic Ophiolite Series in East Elba (Italy) 〈/a〉〈br〉 (Soffel, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0049/LOG_0013.pdf"〉Paleomagnetic Evidence from Mesozoic Carbonate Rocks for the Rotation of Sardinia〈/a〉〈br〉 (Horner, F., Lowrie, W.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0049/LOG_0015.pdf"〉A Geotectonic Paradox: Has the Earth Expanded? 〈/a〉〈br〉 (Schmidt, P. W., Embleton, B. J. J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0049/LOG_0016.pdf"〉Application of Magnetotelluric and DC Electrical Resistivity Methods in the Neapolitan Geothermal Area〈/a〉〈br〉 (Hunsche, U., Rapolla, A., Musmann, G., Alfano, L.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0049/LOG_0018.pdf"〉Velocity Variations in Systems of Anisotropic Symmetry〈/a〉〈br〉 (Crampin, S., Kirkwood, S. C.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0049/LOG_0019.pdf"〉Shear-Wave Singularities of Wave Propagation in Anisotropic Media〈/a〉〈br〉 (Crampin, S., Yedlin, M.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0049/LOG_0020.pdf"〉Temperature Derivatives of Compressional and Shear Wave Velocities in Crustal and Mantle Rocks at 6 kbar Confining Pressure〈/a〉〈br〉 (Kern, H., Richter, A.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0049/LOG_0021.pdf"〉A Crustal Gravity Model of the Mare Serenitatis - Mare Crisium Area of the Moon〈/a〉〈br〉 (Janle, P.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0049/LOG_0022.pdf"〉On the Origin of the Annual Wave in Hemispheric Geomagnetic Activity〈/a〉〈br〉 (Meyer, J., Damaske, D.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0049/LOG_0023.pdf"〉On the Relation Between Magnetic Field-Aligned Electrostatic Electron Acceleration and the Resulting Auroral Energy Flux〈/a〉〈br〉 (Wilhelm, K.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0049/LOG_0024.pdf"〉Application of Different Methods for the Determination of Ionospheric Conductivities from Sounding Rocket Observations〈/a〉〈br〉 (Brüning, K., Baumjohann, W., Wilhelm, K., Stüdemann, W., Urban, A., Ott, W., Spenner, K., Schmidtke, G. L., Fischer, H. M.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0049/LOG_0025.pdf"〉Numerical Experiments on Convection in a Chemically Layered Mantle〈/a〉〈br〉 (Christensen, U.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0049/LOG_0026.pdf"〉〈i〉Book Reviews〈/i〉〈/a〉〈br〉 (Raikes, S. A., Engelhard, L., Pape, H., Theile, B.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0049/LOG_0028.pdf"〉Steady State Creep of Fine Grain Granite at Partial Melting〈/a〉〈br〉 (Auer, F., Berckhemer, H., Oehlschlegel, G.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0049/LOG_0029.pdf"〉Laboratory Synthesis of Aluminium-Substituted Titanomaghemites and Their Characteristic Properties〈/a〉〈br〉 (Özdemir, Ö, O’Reilly, W.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0049/LOG_0030.pdf"〉Densities and Magnetic Susceptibilities of Precambrian Rocks of Different Metamorphic Grade〈/a〉〈br〉 (Southern Indian Shield) (Subrahmanyam, C., Verma, R. K.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0049/LOG_0031.pdf"〉Lithospheric Structure and Teleseismic 〈i〉P〈/i〉-Wave Reflection Delays Under Fennoscandia and Siberia〈/a〉〈br〉 (Stewart, Ian C. F.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0049/LOG_0033.pdf"〉Propagation of Surface Waves in Marine Sediments〈/a〉〈br〉 (Essen, H.-H., Janle, H., Schirmer, F., Siebert, J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0049/LOG_0035.pdf"〉Simultaneous Observation of an Intense 65 keV Field-Aligned Proton Beam and ULF-waves During a Break-up Event〈/a〉〈br〉 (Stüdemann, W., Goertz, C. K.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0049/LOG_0036.pdf"〉Observations of Field-Aligned Current Sheets Above Discrete Auroral Arcs〈/a〉〈br〉 (Wilhelm, K., Klöcker, N., Theile, B., Ott, W., Spenner, K., Grabowski, R., Wolf, H., Stüdemann, W., Dehmel, G., Fischer, H. M., Schmidtke, G. L., Baumjohann, W., Riedler, W., Urban, A.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0049/LOG_0038.pdf"〉Multi-Method Observations and Modelling of the Three-Dimensional Currents Associated with a Very Strong Ps6 Event〈/a〉〈br〉 (Gustafsson, G., Baumjohann, W., Iversen, I.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0049/LOG_0040.pdf"〉Variability of Solar EUV Fluxes and Exospheric Temperatures〈/a〉〈br〉 (Schmidtke, G., Börsken, N., Sünder, G.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0049/LOG_0041.pdf"〉Paleomagnetism of Quaternary and Miocene Lavas from North-East and Central Morocco〈/a〉〈br〉 (Najid, D., Westphal, M., Hernandez, J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0049/LOG_0042.pdf"〉In Memoriam Wilhelm Hiller〈/a〉〈br〉 (Schneider, Götz)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0049/LOG_0043.pdf"〉〈i〉Book Reviews〈/i〉〈/a〉〈br〉 (Wilhelm, H., Neubauer, F. M., Schopper, J. R.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0049/LOG_0044.pdf"〉Joint Two-Dimensional Observations of Ground Magnetic and Ionospheric Electric Fields Associated with Auroral Zone Currents〈/a〉〈br〉 (Inhester, B., Baumjohann, W., Greenwald, R. A., Nielsen, E.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0049/LOG_0045.pdf"〉Current Flow in Auroral Forms Responsible for Ps 6 Magnetic Disturbances〈/a〉〈br〉 (Rostoker, G., Apps, K. S.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0049/LOG_0046.pdf"〉Correlation of Geomagnetic Activity Indices ap with the Solar Wind Speed and the Southward Interplanetary Magnetic Field〈/a〉〈br〉 (Schreiber, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0049/LOG_0047.pdf"〉High Time-Resolution Correlation Between the Magnetic Field Behaviour at 37 〈i〉R〈/i〉〈sub〉E〈/sub〉 Distance in the Magnetotail Plasma Sheet and Ground Phenomena During Substrom Expansive Phase〈/a〉〈br〉 (Sergeev, V. A.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0049/LOG_0048.pdf"〉Simultaneous Observations of Energetic Protons Close to the Bow Shock and Far Upstream〈/a〉〈br〉 (Scholer, M., Ipavich, F. M., Gloeckler, G., Hovestadt, D.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href=" https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0049/LOG_0049.pdf"〉Non-Adiabatic Expansion of Low-Temperature Solar Wind Radial Temperature Gradients〈/a〉〈br〉 (Geranios, A.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0049/LOG_0050.pdf"〉Correlation Between Seismic Microactivity, Temperature and Subsidence of Water Level at Reservoirs〈/a〉〈br〉 (Merkler, G., Bock, G., Fuchs, K.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0049/LOG_0052.pdf"〉〈sup〉40〈/sup〉Ar/〈sup〉39〈/sup〉Ar Dating of Himalayan Rocks from the Mount Everest Region〈/a〉〈br〉 (Kaneoka, Ichiro, Kono, Masaru)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0049/LOG_0053.pdf"〉A Comparison of the Thermal and Mechanical Structure of the Lithosphere Beneath the Bohemian Massif and the Pannonian Basin〈/a〉〈br〉 (Onuoha, K. M.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0049/LOG_0054.pdf"〉Extremal Models for Electromagnetic Induction in Two-Dimensional Perfect Conductors〈/a〉〈br〉 (Weidelt, P.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0049/LOG_0055.pdf"〉On a Type Classification of Lower Crustal Layers Under Precambrian Regions〈/a〉〈br〉 (Jones, A. G.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0049/LOG_0056.pdf"〉Spherical-Earth Gravity and Magnetic Anomaly Modeling by Gauss-Legendre Quadrature Integration〈/a〉〈br〉 (Frese, R. R. B., Hinze, W. J., Braile, L. W., Luca, A. J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0049/LOG_0057.pdf"〉Detection Probabilities for Earthquakes in Sweden〈/a〉〈br〉 (Shapira, A., Kulhánek, O., Wahlström, R.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0049/LOG_0058.pdf"〉The Geocyclotron Revisited: Potentialities of Modulated Wave Injection〈/a〉〈br〉 (Brinca, A. L.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0049/LOG_0059.pdf"〉Eine kleine Historie zur Namengebung der Fachdisziplin Geophysik〈/a〉〈br〉 (Buntebarth, G.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0049/LOG_0060.pdf"〉〈i〉Correction〈/i〉: High Precision Measurement of the Frequency of Mode 〈sub〉0〈/sub〉S〈sub〉0〈/sub〉〈/a〉〈br〉 (Zürn, W., Knopoff, L., Rydelek, P. A.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈/body〉 〈/html〉
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Aeronomy ; Aurora ; Canada ; Electromagnetism ; Geomagnetism ; Geomagnetismus ; Geophysics ; Geophysik ; Himalaya ; India ; Ionosphere ; Ionosphäre ; Italy ; Lithosphere ; Lithosphäre ; Magnetotellurics ; Magnetotellurik ; Moon ; Morocco ; Palaeomagnetism ; Paläomagnetismus ; Rock Magnetism ; Seismology ; Seismologie ; Siberia ; Waves ; Wellen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
    Type: anthology_digi
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 4
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    Unknown
    Journal of Geophysics - Zeitschrift für Geophysik 41 (2019)
    Springer, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 8 Z NAT 2148:41
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Dieser Band enthält 58 Artikel zu Themengebieten der Seismologie, Erdmagnetismus und Gesteinsphysik veröffentlicht durch die Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in dem Jahr 1975.
    Description: Inhaltsverzeichnis: Journal of Geophysics 41 〈html〉 〈body〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0011.pdf"〉Statistical Behaviour of Elastic Waves in a Reverberating Solid〈/a〉〈br〉 (Drisler, J., Antony-Spies, P.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0013.pdf"〉A Compressed Air Gun Accelerator for Shock Magnetization and Demagnetization Experiments up to 20 kbar〈/a〉〈br〉 (Hornemann, U., Pohl, J., Bleil, U.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0014.pdf"〉Shock Magnetization and Demagnetization of Basalt by Transient Stress up to 10 kbar〈/a〉〈br〉 (Pohl, J., Bleil, U., Hornemann, U.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0015.pdf"〉K-Ar-Altersbestimmungen an Vulkaniten bekannter paläomagnetischer Feldrichtung〈/a〉〈br〉 (Todt, W., Lippolt, H. J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0017.pdf"〉Dispersed Shots at Optimum Depth - An Efficient Seismic Source for Lithospheric Studies〈/a〉〈br〉 (Jacob, A. W. B.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0018.pdf"〉Crustal Structure and 〈i〉P〈/i〉-Wave Travel Time Anomalies at NORSAR〈/a〉〈br〉 (Berteussen, K. A.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0019.pdf"〉Electromagnetic Induction in Three-Dimensional Structures〈/a〉〈br〉 (Weidelt, P.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0021.pdf"〉Acoustic Normal Modes Generated by Explosive Sources〈/a〉〈br〉 (Essen, H.-H., Kebe, H.-W., Siebert, J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0022.pdf"〉Hydromagnetic Waves in a Non-Uniform Plasma〈/a〉〈br〉 (Kupfer, E.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0023.pdf"〉Time-Domain Electromagnetic INPUT Rresponse of a Conducting Horizontal Thin Sheet〈/a〉〈br〉 (Mallick, K., Jain, S. C.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0024.pdf"〉〈i〉Book Reviews〈/i〉〈/a〉〈br〉 (Walk, O.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0025.pdf"〉Seismic Investigation along the Scandinavian "Blue Road" Traverse〈/a〉〈br〉 (Hirschleber, H. B., Lund, C.-E., Meissner, R., Vogel, A., Weinrebe, W.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0028.pdf"〉Computations of 〈i〉SV〈/i〉 Waves in Realistic Earth Models〈/a〉〈br〉 (Kind, R., Müller, G.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0030.pdf"〉On Tracing Seismic Rays with Specified End Points〈/a〉〈br〉 (Chander, Ramesh)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0031.pdf"〉Geothermal Models of the Ivrea-Zone〈/a〉〈br〉 (Höhndorf, A., Haenerl, R., Giesel, W.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0033.pdf"〉A Note on the Palaeomagnetism of the Late Precambrian Malani Rhyolites near Jodhpur - India〈/a〉〈br〉 (Klootwijk, C. T.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0035.pdf"〉An Evaluation Method Combining the Differential Doppler Measurements from Two Stations that Enables the Calculation of the Electron Content of the Ionosphere〈/a〉〈br〉 (Leitinger, R., Schmidt, G., Tauriainen, A.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0037.pdf"〉Measured and Calculated Secondary Electron Energy Spectra (20 - 1500 eV) above 120 km〈/a〉〈br〉 (Loidl, A., Schlegel, K.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0038.pdf"〉〈i〉Book Reviews〈/i〉〈/a〉〈br〉 (Mayer, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0039.pdf"〉The Behaviour of Minor Species in the Solar Wind〈/a〉〈br〉 (Ryan, J. M., Axford, W. I.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0040.pdf"〉The Effect of Low Energetic Electrons in the Polar Ionosphere〈/a〉〈br〉 (Hartmann, G. K.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0041.pdf"〉Transmission of Electric Fields and Photoelectron Fluxes Between Conjugate Ionospheric F2-Regions〈/a〉〈br〉 (Petelski, E. F.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0043.pdf"〉Characteristics of Azimuth Independent Optimum Velocity Filters Designed for Two-Dimensional Arrays〈/a〉〈br〉 (Hubral, P.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0045.pdf"〉Travel Time Residuals in the Iranian Plateau〈/a〉〈br〉 (Akasheh, B.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0046.pdf"〉Noise Variance Fluctuations and Earthquake Detectability〈/a〉〈br〉 (Steinert, O., Husebye, S., Gjøystdal, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0048.pdf"〉An Electronic Filter and Damping System for the Askania Borehole Tiltmeter〈/a〉〈br〉 (Flach, D., Große-Brauckmann, W.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0049.pdf"〉Two-Dimensional Magnetotelluric Model Calculations for Overhanging, High-Resistivity Structures〈/a〉〈br〉 (Losecke, W., Müller, W.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0052.pdf"〉A New Type of Vertical Gravity Gradiometer〈/a〉〈br〉 (Groten, E.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0053.pdf"〉Letters to the Editors: Comment on Hydromagnetic Waves in a Non-Uniform Plasma by E. Kupfer〈/a〉〈br〉 (Siebert, M.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0054.pdf"〉〈i〉Book Reviews〈/i〉〈/a〉〈br〉 (Wilhelm, H., Burkhardt, H., Strobach, K.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0055.pdf"〉Deep Structure of the Southern Rhinegraben Area from Seismic Refraction Investigations〈/a〉〈br〉 (Edel, J. B., Fuchs, K., Gelbke, C., Prodehl, C.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0058.pdf"〉Faeroe Islands - a Microcontinental Fragment? 〈/a〉〈br〉 (Casten, U., Hedebol Nielsen, P.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0059.pdf"〉A Seismic Reflection Method for Solving Engineering Problems〈/a〉〈br〉 (Schepers, R.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0061.pdf"〉The Palaeomagnetism of Age Dated Tertiary Volcanites of the Monti Lessini (Northern Italy) and its Implication to the Rotation of Northern Italy〈/a〉〈br〉 (Soffel, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0064.pdf"〉Rock Magnetism of the Monti Lessini and Monte Berici Volcanites and Age of Volcanism Deduced from the Heirtzler Polarity Time Scale〈/a〉〈br〉 (Soffel, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0065.pdf"〉Supersonic Plasma Flow Between High Latitude Conjugate Ionospheres〈/a〉〈br〉 (Rösler, G.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0066.pdf"〉Crustal Structure of the Aegean Sea and the Hellenides Obtained from Geophysical Surveys〈/a〉〈br〉 (Makris, J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0068.pdf"〉〈i〉Book Reviews〈/i〉〈/a〉〈br〉 (Neubauer, F. M.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0069.pdf"〉Synthetic Seismograms of PS-Reflections from Transition Zones Computed with the Reflectivity Method〈/a〉〈br〉 (Fuchs, K.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0071.pdf"〉Explosions in Shallow Water for Deep Seismic Sounding Experiments〈/a〉〈br〉 (Burkhardt, H., Vees, R.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0073.pdf"〉Seegangserzwungene elastische Bewegungen des Nordseebodens〈/a〉〈br〉 (Janle, P., Rudloff, R., Schmalfeldt, B., Szelwis, R.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0077.pdf"〉Interpretation of a Gravity Profile Across the Southern Part of the Hon Graben, Libya〈/a〉〈br〉 (Soffel, H., Peters, K., Pohl, J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0079.pdf"〉A Comparison of Methods for Computing Surface Densities of the Geopotential from Satellite Altimetry〈/a〉〈br〉 (Benning, W.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0080.pdf"〉An Economically Working Method for Computing the Gravimetric Terrain Correction〈/a〉〈br〉 (Boedecker, G.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0081.pdf"〉Pressure Dependence of Elastic Wave Characteristics of Ultramafic Rocks of India〈/a〉〈br〉 (Ramana, Y. V., Rao, M. V. M. S., Gogte, B. S.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0082.pdf"〉Paleogravity - A Possible Chance for Determination of Paleo-Geographic North〈/a〉〈br〉 (Stegena, L.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0083.pdf"〉Electromagnetic Induction at Dili, Portuguese Timor〈/a〉〈br〉 (Chamalaun, F. H., White, A.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0084.pdf"〉Preliminary Polar Wander Path of Central Iran〈/a〉〈br〉 (Soffel, H., Förster, H., Becker, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0085.pdf"〉Ein astasiertes Vertikalpendel mit tragender Blattfeder〈/a〉〈br〉 (Wielandt, E.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0086.pdf"〉〈i〉Book Reviews〈/i〉〈/a〉〈br〉 (Schneider, G., Suchy, K.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0087.pdf"〉Wave and Particle Observations by Explorer 45 Pertaining to Wave-Particle Interactions〈/a〉〈br〉 (Fritz, T. A., Williams, D. J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0093.pdf"〉Probability Distribution of Earthquake Accelerations with Applications to Sites in the Northern Rhine Area, Central Europe〈/a〉〈br〉 (Ahorner, L., Rosenhauer, W.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0095.pdf"〉〈i〉P〈/i〉 Wave Amplitude Variability at NORSAR〈/a〉〈br〉 (Berteussen, K. A.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0096.pdf"〉Magnetic Hysteresis Loops and Magnetization Versus Temperature Curves of Some Basalt Samples Containing Titanomagnetite Ore either Single-Phase or with an Intergrowth of Ilmenite Lamellae〈/a〉〈br〉 (Schmidbauer, E.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0098.pdf"〉The Change of Isothermal Saturation Rremanent Magnetization of Basalts as a Result of Cyclic Elastic Deformation〈/a〉〈br〉 (Kapička, A.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0100.pdf"〉K-Ar-Altersbestimmungen an Vulkaniten bekannter paläomagnetischer Feldrichtung, II. Sachsen〈/a〉〈br〉 (Todt, W., Lippolt, H. J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0102.pdf"〉An Anomaly of the Upper Mantle Below the Rhine Graben, Studied by the Inductive Response of Natural Electromagnetic Fields〈/a〉〈br〉 (Reitmayr, G.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0103.pdf"〉Some Problems of Large-Scale Gravity Interpretation〈/a〉〈br〉 (Groten, E.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0041/LOG_0106.pdf"〉[Rezensionen] 〈/a〉〈br〉 (Haack, V., Höschele, K.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈/body〉 〈/html〉
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Aegan Sea ; Applied Geophysics ; Seismology ; Atlantic Ocean ; Electrical Conductivity Anomalies ; Crustal Structure ; Doppler Effect ; Earthquakes ; Electromagnetism ; Faeroe Islands ; Germany ; Gravimetrie ; Gravimetry ; Greece ; India ; Ionosphere ; Ionosphäre ; Iran ; Libya ; Magnetosphere ; Paleomagnetism ; Rock Magnetism ; Seismology ; Solar Wind ; Tiltmeter ; Elastic Wave ; Volcanics ; Waves ; Wellen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
    Type: anthology_digi
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 5
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    Journal of Geophysics - Zeitschrift für Geophysik 43 (2019)
    Springer, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 8 Z NAT 2148:43
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Dieser Band enthält 78 Artikel zu Themengebieten der Geophysik, veröffentlicht durch die Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in dem Jahr 1977.
    Description: Inhaltsverzeichnis: Journal of Geophysics 43 〈html〉 〈body〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0012.pdf"〉Editors' Preface〈/a〉〈br〉 (Fuchs, K., Müller, G.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0013.pdf"〉Full Wave Theory Applied to a Discontinuous Velocity Increase: The Inner Core Boundary〈/a〉〈br〉 (Cormier, V. F., Richards, P. G.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0016.pdf"〉Propagation of Elastic Waves in Vertically Inhomogeneous Media〈/a〉〈br〉 (Ungar, A., Ilan, A.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0017.pdf"〉Finite-Difference Modelling for P-Pulse Propagation in Elastic Media with Arbitrary Polygonal Surface〈/a〉〈br〉 (Ilan, A.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0020.pdf"〉Extension of Matrix Methods to Structures with Slightly Irregular Stratification〈/a〉〈br〉 (Cisternas, A., Jobert, G.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0021.pdf"〉Modal Approach to Wave Propagation in Layered Media with Lateral Inhomogeneities〈/a〉〈br〉 (Saastamoinen, P. R.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0022.pdf"〉On the Propagation of Seismic Pulses in a Porous Elastic Solid〈/a〉〈br〉 (Mainardi, F., Servizi, G., Turchetti, G.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0023.pdf"〉Three-Dimensional Seismic Ray Tracing〈/a〉〈br〉 (Julian, B. R., Gubbins, D.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0025.pdf"〉On Geophysical Inverse Problems and Constraints〈/a〉〈br〉 (Sabatier, P. C.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0027.pdf"〉On Impulse Response Data and the Uniqueness of the Inverse Problem〈/a〉〈br〉 (Barcilon, V.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0028.pdf"〉Least-Squares Collocation and the Gravitational Inverse Problem〈/a〉〈br〉 (Moritz, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0029.pdf"〉The Statistical Description and Interpretation of Geophysical Potential Fields Using Covariance Functions〈/a〉〈br〉 (Kautzleben, H., Harnisch, M., Schwahn, W.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0030.pdf"〉A Finite Element Program Package for Electromagnetic Modeling〈/a〉〈br〉 (Kaikkonen, P.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0032.pdf"〉Linear Inverse Problem in Gravity Profile Interpretation〈/a〉〈br〉 (Vigneresse, J. L.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0034.pdf"〉Data Seizing and Information Processing〈/a〉〈br〉 (Picard, C. F., Sallantin, J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0035.pdf"〉Formal Morphostructural Zoning of Mountain Territories〈/a〉〈br〉 (Alekseevskaya, M., Gabrielov, A., Gel’fand, I., Gvishiani, A., Rantsman, E.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0036.pdf"〉Three Dimensional Seismic Velocity Anomalies in the Lithosphere〈/a〉〈br〉 (Aki, Keiiti)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0038.pdf"〉The Inversion of Long Range Seismic Profiles〈/a〉〈br〉 (Kennett, B. L. N.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0040.pdf"〉An Oceanic Long Range Explosion Experiment〈/a〉〈br〉 (Orcutt, J. A., Dorman, L. M.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0041.pdf"〉The Upper Mantle Under Western Europe Inferred from the Dispersion of Rayleigh Modes〈/a〉〈br〉 (Nolet, Guust)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0044.pdf"〉Global and Regional Phase Velocities of Long-Period Fundamental Mode Rayleigh Waves〈/a〉〈br〉 (Mitronovas, W.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0045.pdf"〉The Inversion of Surface Wave Dispersion Data with Random Errors〈/a〉〈br〉 (Knopoff, L., Chang, F.-S.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0048.pdf"〉Finite Difference Calculation of Stress Relaxation Earthquake Models〈/a〉〈br〉 (Stöckl, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0050.pdf"〉On Equivalent Models of Seismic Sources〈/a〉〈br〉 (Jobert, G.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0051.pdf"〉A Method for Synthesis of the Seismic Coda of Local Earthquakes〈/a〉〈br〉 (Herrmann, R. B.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0055.pdf"〉Application of Two-Timing Methods in Statistical Geophysics〈/a〉〈br〉 (Hasselmann, K.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0056.pdf"〉Scattered Waves in the Coda of P〈/a〉〈br〉 (Hudson, J. A.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0057.pdf"〉Elastic Wave Propagation in a Highly Scattering Medium – A Diffusion Approach〈/a〉〈br〉 (Dainty, A. M., Toksöz, M. N.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0058.pdf"〉Seismic Energy Transmission in an Intensively Scattering Environment〈/a〉〈br〉 (Nakamura, Yosio)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0060.pdf"〉Scattering of Rayleigh Waves by a Ridge〈/a〉〈br〉 (Sabina, F. J., Willis, J. R.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0061.pdf"〉Mean-Field Electrodynamics and Dynamo Theory of the Earth's Magnetic Field〈/a〉〈br〉 (Krause, F.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0064.pdf"〉An Example of Nonlinear Dynamo Action〈/a〉〈br〉 (Busse, F. H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0065.pdf"〉Energetics of the Earth's Core〈/a〉〈br〉 (Gubbins, D.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0066.pdf"〉Equation of State of Liquid Iron at the Earth's Core Conditions〈/a〉〈br〉 (Boschi, E., Mulargia, F.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0067.pdf"〉Lithospheric Slab Penetration into the Lower Mantle beneath the Sea of Okhotsk〈/a〉〈br〉 (Jordan, T. H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0069.pdf"〉〈i〉Abstracts and Short Communications〈/i〉〈/a〉〈br〉〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0068.pdf"〉Phenomenological Representation of Seismic Sources〈/a〉〈br〉 (Backus, G., Mulcahy, M.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0070.pdf"〉The Influence of the Core and the Oceans on the Chandler Wobble〈/a〉〈br〉 (Dahlen, F. A., Smith, M. L.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0071.pdf"〉The Earth's Core-Mantle Interface Revisited〈/a〉〈br〉 (Hide, R.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0072.pdf"〉Seismic Observations of Structure and Physical Properties of the Subcrustal Lithosphere as Evidence for Dynamical Processes in the Upper Mantle〈/a〉〈br〉 (Fuchs, K.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0073.pdf"〉Seismic Anisotropy – a Summary〈/a〉〈br〉 (Crampin, Stuart)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0074.pdf"〉Precise Continuous Monitoring of Seismic Velocity Variations〈/a〉〈br〉 (Bungum, H., Risbo, T., Hjortenberg, E.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0075.pdf"〉On the Computation of Theoretical Seismograms for Multimode Surface Waves〈/a〉〈br〉 (Calcagnile, G., Panza, G. F., Schwab, F., Kausel, E.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0076.pdf"〉On the Excitation of the Earth's Seismic Normal Modes〈/a〉〈br〉 (Vlaar, N. J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0077.pdf"〉Seismic Velocities and Density of an Attenuating Earth〈/a〉〈br〉 (Hart, R. S., Anderson, D. L.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0078.pdf"〉A First-Motion Alternative to Geometrical Ray Theory〈/a〉〈br〉 (Chapman, C. H., Dey Sarkar, S. K.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0079.pdf"〉Heterogeneous Velocity Structure at the Base of the Mantle〈/a〉〈br〉 (Snoke, J. A., Sacks, I. S.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0080.pdf"〉Heterogeneous velocity structure at the base of the mantle〈/a〉〈br〉 (Sacks, I. S., Snoke, J. A.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0081.pdf"〉Theoretical Seismograms of Core Phases Calculated by a Frequency-Dependent Full Wave Theory, and Their Interpretation〈/a〉〈br〉 (Choy, G. L.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0082.pdf"〉Amplitudes of Long-Period PcP, SKS and SKKS and the Structure at the Base of the Mantle and in the Outer Core〈/a〉〈br〉 (Müller, G., Kind, R., Mula, A., Gregersen, S.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0083.pdf"〉Relative Errors in Group Velocity Measurements〈/a〉〈br〉 (Knopoff, L.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0084.pdf"〉The Propagation of Plasma Waves in the Jovian Magnetosphere〈/a〉〈br〉 (Denskat, K. U., Neubauer, F. M.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0085.pdf"〉Statistical Theory of Electromagnetic Induction in Thin Sheets〈/a〉〈br〉 (Treumann, R., Schäfer, K.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0086.pdf"〉Precursors to P' P' and Upper Mantle Discontinuities〈/a〉〈br〉 (Husebye, E. S., Haddon, R. A. W., King, D. W.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0090.pdf"〉Mantle Heterogeneity and Mislocation Patterns for Seismic Networks〈/a〉〈br〉 (Vermeulen, J. M., Doornbos, D. J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0093.pdf"〉Correlation Between Micro-Activity and Variation of Water Level at the Schlegeis-Reservoir〈/a〉〈br〉 (Blum, R., Bock, G., Fuchs, K., Merkler, G., Widmann, R.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0095.pdf"〉Attenuation Coefficients of Acoustic Normal Modes in Shallow Water〈/a〉〈br〉 (Essen, H.-H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0096.pdf"〉Relation of Gravity to Elevation in Zambia〈/a〉〈br〉 (Töpfer, K. D.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0098.pdf"〉Albert Defant (1884 - 1974) 〈/a〉〈br〉 (Krauß, W.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0099.pdf"〉Study of the Structure of the Lower Lithosphere by Explosion Seismology in the USSR〈/a〉〈br〉 (Ryaboy, V. Z.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0102.pdf"〉P-Wave Amplitudes and Sources of Scattering in 〈i〉m〈/i〉〈sub〉b〈/sub〉-Observations〈/a〉〈br〉 (Ringdal, F.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0104.pdf"〉Analyse von Mikroseismikmessungen auf Sylt〈/a〉〈br〉 (Szelwis, R., Janle, P.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0107.pdf"〉Improved Technique for Rapid Interpretation of Gravity Anomalies Caused by Two-Dimensional Sedimentary Basins〈/a〉〈br〉 (Töpfer, K. D.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0109.pdf"〉Investigation of Isostasy by Computing the Correlation Coefficients between Elevations and Bouguer Anomalies〈/a〉〈br〉 (Janle, P.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0110.pdf"〉Geoelectrical Deep Soundings in Southern Africa Using the Cabora Bassa Power Line〈/a〉〈br〉 (Blohm, E. K., Worzyk, P., Scriba, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0112.pdf"〉Spectral Characteristics of Cross-Field and Two Stream Instability as Revealed by Rocket Borne Studies〈/a〉〈br〉 (Gupta, S. P.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0113.pdf"〉〈i〉Short Communication〈/i〉 Observation of PS Reflections from the Moho〈/a〉〈br〉 (Jacob, A. W. B., Booth, D. C.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0115.pdf"〉〈i〉Book Reviews〈/i〉〈/a〉〈br〉 (Makris, J., Weigel, W.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0116.pdf"〉Planetarische Dynamos〈/a〉〈br〉 (Stix, M.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0117.pdf"〉〈i〉Original Investigations〈/i〉 A Note on the Post-Rosenbluth Quasilinear Diffusion Coefficient in the Ring Current Region〈/a〉〈br〉 (Treumann, R., Grafe, A., Lehmann, H.-R.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0118.pdf"〉Remote Sensing Experiment for Magnetospheric Electric Fields Parallel to the Magnetic Field〈/a〉〈br〉 (Wilhelm, K.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0119.pdf"〉A Study of the Echzell/Wetterau Earthquake of November 4, 1975〈/a〉〈br〉 (Neugebauer, H. J., Tobias, E.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0121.pdf"〉Thermoelastic Deformations of a Half-Space – A Green's Function Approach〈/a〉〈br〉 (Müller, G.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0123.pdf"〉Gravity Variations with Time in Northern Iceland 1965–1975〈/a〉〈br〉 (Torge, W., Drewes, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0125.pdf"〉High Resolution Near Surface Reflection Measurements Using a Vertical Array Technique〈/a〉〈br〉 (Schepers, R.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0127.pdf"〉Ausbreitung von Rayleigh-Kanalwellen in Steinkohleflözen – Modellseismische Untersuchungen〈/a〉〈br〉 (Freystätter, S., Dresen, L.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0129.pdf"〉Comment on: Hydromagnetic Waves in a Non-Uniform Plasma〈/a〉〈br〉 (Kupfer, E.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0130.pdf"〉〈i〉Book Reviews〈/i〉〈/a〉〈br〉 (Kisslinger, C., Klußmann, J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0043/LOG_0131.pdf"〉〈i〉Erratum〈/i〉 Full Wave Theory Applied to a Discontinuous Velocity Increase: The Inner Core Boundary〈/a〉〈br〉 (Cormier, V. F., Richards, P. G.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈/body〉 〈/html〉
    Description: Dynamo Theory
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Africa ; Dynamo Theory ; Earthquakes ; Earth's Core ; Engineering Seismics ; Seismology ; Seismologie ; Geomagnetism ; Gravity ; Iceland ; Lithosphere ; Lithosphäre ; Magnetosphere ; Plasma Waves ; Seismic Waves ; Waves ; Wellen ; Geophysik ; Geophysics ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
    Type: anthology_digi
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    Zeitschrift für Geophysik 36 / 5 (2019)
    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar | 8 Z NAT 2148
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Dieser Band enthält Artikel zu Themengebieten der Geophysik, veröffentlicht durch die Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in dem Jahr 1970.
    Description: 〈ul style="line-height:2;"〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0113.pdf"〉Heft 5〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0114.pdf"〉Titelseite〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0115.pdf"〉Inhaltsverzeichnis〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0116.pdf"〉[Impressum]〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0117.pdf"〉A Possible Scattering Mechanism for Lunar Seismic Waves (Berckhemer, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0119.pdf"〉On the Determination of Velocity Depth Distributions of Elastic Waves from the Dynamic Characteristics of the Reflected Wave Field (Fuchs, K.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0125.pdf"〉Auswertung seeseismischer Messungen mit einer digitalen Methode unter Anwendung der Theorie der Schallwellenausbreitung im Flachwasser (Kind, R.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0128.pdf"〉On Chemical Magnetization in Some Permian Lava Flows of Southern Norway (Storetvedt, K. M., Petersen, N.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0132.pdf"〉Auswertung von Gravimeter-Messungen in der Münchberger Gneismasse längs eines Profils von Konradsreuth nach Niederlamitz (Soffel, H., Peters, K.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0133.pdf"〉Deutung der Schwereanomalien im Nördlinger Ries (Kahle, H.-G.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0135.pdf"〉Eine Methode zur direkten Bestimmung der sogenannten "Geometrischen Tortuosität" (Bitterlich, W., Wöbking, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0137.pdf"〉Observations With Synchronously-Offset Beams on a 77 km path at 1.8 and 4 cm (Jeske, H., Seehars, H. D., Pucher, G., Cassebaum, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0139.pdf"〉Scattering of Seismic Waves and Lunar Seismograms (Strobach, K.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0140.pdf"〉Berechnung eines Stromsystems in der Polaren E-Region (Czechowsky, P.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0141.pdf"〉Mitteilung〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0142.pdf"〉Buchbesprechungen (Zürn, W., Seiler, E., Theile, B., Diem, Walk, )〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0143.pdf"〉[Werbung]〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈/ul〉
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGG
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Erdmagnetismus ; Geomagnetismus ; Gravitation ; Gravimetrie ; Seismik ; Seismology ; Strahlung ; Wellen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
    Type: anthology_digi
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  • 7
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    Analysis of the source parameters behaviour during the Val D'Agri test-injection (Italy) (2019)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-03-27
    Description: Recent advances in understanding induced earthquake mechanics are due to the new and high-quality observations from seismic signals, natural faults and laboratory experiments. The synergy of different approaches allows the acquisition of useful observations to understand the earthquake source process. In this study we investigate the source parameters behaviour of induced earthquakes recorded during daily injection tests in a wastewater disposal well in Val D’Agri (VDA, Italy). We choose this area because of its complexity and particularity. VDA is a Quaternary extensional basin located in the Southern Apennines characterized by a complex tectonic evolution, high seismic hazard and significant hydrocarbon exploitation. The basin hosts the largest onshore oilfield in Europe that produces oil and associated gas from low- porosity, fractured Cretaceous limestone. Wastewater associated to hydrocarbon production is reinjected into the Costa Molina 2 high-rate well (CM2) into an unproductive marginal portion of the carbonate reservoir at 2890-3096 m depth (b.s.l.). Initial injection tests were performed from 2 to 12 June 2006 with variable duration (from 4 to 32 hr) and hourly injection rate of 38 m3/hr. During the tests a maximum well-head pressure of 101 bar was measured. These tests induced a swarm microseismicity (69 events, ML comprised by 0.3 and 1.8) recorded by a high-performance local network run by INGV (Mc 0.4, 23 stations) that constitutes our testing data-set. We investigate the full moment tensors decomposing them in Double-Couple (DC), Isotropic (ISO) and Compensated Linear Vector Dipole (CLVD) components by using HybridMT technique. We obtain significant contribution of %ISO and %CLVD components that tend to increase with time. Also, we compute the moment magnitudes (that we compare with ML) and the static stress drops (by spectral analysis). Finally, we discuss each analysed source parameter as a function of the injection pressure curve in the geological/tectonic contest.
    Description: Published
    Description: Malta
    Description: 3T. Sorgente sismica
    Keywords: Seismology ; Source Analysis ; Solid Hearth
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 8
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    AlpArray in Hungary: temporary and permanent seismological networks in the transition zone between the Eastern Alps and the Pannonian basin (2019)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-03-07
    Description: In the last few decades dense large-scale seismic networks showed their importance in studying the structure of the lithosphere and the upper mantle. The better understanding of the Apennines–Alps–Carpathian–Dinarides system is the main target of the AlpArray European international initiative in which more than 50 institutes are involved. The core of AlpArray is the AlpArray Seismic Network (AASN). With its 􏰖 600 broadband seismic stations ( 􏰖 280 of which are temporary) the AASN is, so far, the largest passive seismic experiment in Europe. The MTA CSFK Geodetic and Geophysical Insti- tute, as a Core Member of the AlpArray project, contributes to the AlpArray Seismic Network with its entire permanent network as well as with 11 temporary broadband seismic stations deployed in Western Hungary. Three additional station equipment were provided by the Swiss-AlpArray SINERGIA program. The average station distance together with the permanent stations is around 40 km in the area of interest. The temporary network has been installed between December 2015 and July 2016 and the planned operation period is 3 years. In this paper we describe the characteristics of the 29 per- manent and temporary stations, introducing not only the equipment, but the location, housing and geological setting, as well. We present median power spectral density curves in order to characterise the noise conditions at each station.
    Description: Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Grants EU-04/2014, EU-07/2015); Swiss-AlpArray SINERGIA Project CRSII2_154434/1 by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)
    Description: Published
    Description: 221–245
    Description: 1IT. Reti di monitoraggio
    Description: 5IT. Osservatori
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: AlpArray ; Temporary seismic network ; Seismic noise ; Hungarian National Seismological Network ; Pannonian basin ; Solid Earth ; Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 9
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    Journal of Geophysics - Zeitschrift für Geophysik 59 (2019)
    Springer, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 8 Z NAT 2148
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Dieser Band enthält 32 Artikel zu Themengebieten der Geophysik, veröffentlicht durch die Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in dem Jahr 1983.
    Description: Inhaltsverzeichnis: Journal of Geophysics 59 〈html〉 〈body〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0059/LOG_0011.pdf"〉The detailed velocity structure of the Urach geothermal anomaly〈/a〉〈br〉 (Walther, C., Trappe, H., Meissner, R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0059/LOG_0012.pdf"〉The effect of 〈i〉SKS〈/i〉 scattering on models of the shear velocity-structure of the D" region〈/a〉〈br〉 (Lay, T., Young, C.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0059/LOG_0013.pdf"〉Spheroidal and torsional global response functions〈/a〉〈br〉 (Wilhelm, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0059/LOG_0014.pdf"〉Magnetometer array studies on southeastern Finland on the Baltic shield〈/a〉〈br〉 (Pajunpää, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0059/LOG_0016.pdf"〉Magnetovariational and magnetotelluric studies of the Oulu anomaly on the Baltic Shield in Finland〈/a〉〈br〉 (Korja, T., Zhang, P., Pajunpää, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0059/LOG_0018.pdf"〉Glacio-isostatic adjustment in Fennoscandia revisited〈/a〉〈br〉 (Wolf, D.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0059/LOG_0019.pdf"〉Modelling active audio-magnetotelluric data〈/a〉〈br〉 (Fischer, G., Schnegg, P.-A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0059/LOG_0020.pdf"〉A comparison of upper mantle subcontinental electrical conductivity for North America, Europe, and Asia〈/a〉〈br〉 (Campbell, W. H., Schiffmacher, E. R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0059/LOG_0021.pdf"〉Paleomagnetism of the tertiary intrusives from Chalkidiki (northern Greece)〈/a〉〈br〉 (Kondopoulou, D., Westphal, M.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0059/LOG_0022.pdf"〉Absolute intensity of daytime whistlers at low and middle latitudes and its latitudinal variation〈/a〉〈br〉 (Hayakawa, M., Tanaka, Y., Ohta, K., Okada, T.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0059/LOG_0023.pdf"〉Electric fields and currents at the Harang discontinuity: a case study〈/a〉〈br〉 (Kunkel, T., Baumjohann, W., Untiedt, J., Greenwald, R. A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0059/LOG_0024.pdf"〉〈i〉Erratum.〈/i〉 In-situ permeability from non-dilatational soil deformation caused by groundwater pumping – a case study〈/a〉〈br〉 (Kümpel, H.-J., Lohr, G.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0059/LOG_0025.pdf"〉Book reviews〈/a〉〈br〉 (Jentzsch, G., Jacoby, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0059/LOG_0026.pdf"〉A conceptual model of core dynamics and the earth's magnetic field〈/a〉〈br〉 (Officer, C. B.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0059/LOG_0027.pdf"〉Paleomagnetism of Miocene volcanism from South Syria〈/a〉〈br〉 (Roperch, P., Bonhommet, N.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0059/LOG_0028.pdf"〉Periadriatic lineament in the Alps studied by magnetotellurics〈/a〉〈br〉 (Ádám, A., Duma, G., Gutdeutsch, R., Verő, J., Wallner, Á.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0059/LOG_0031.pdf"〉Comparison of fault-plane solutions and moment tensors〈/a〉〈br〉 (Hinzen, K.-G.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0059/LOG_0032.pdf"〉A teleseismic study of the Upper Rhinegraben area: array mislocation diagram and 3-D velocity inversion〈/a〉〈br〉 (Granet, M.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0059/LOG_0033.pdf"〉Interactive high-resolution polarization analysis of broad-band seismograms〈/a〉〈br〉 (Plešinger, A., Hellweg, M., Seidl, D.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0059/LOG_0035.pdf"〉The relationship between the polarization of whistlers and their dispersion〈/a〉〈br〉 (Shimakura, S., Okada, T., Hayakawa, M., Tanaka, Y.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0059/LOG_0036.pdf"〉A simple statistical model on the degree of interconnection on partially molten rocks〈/a〉〈br〉 (Schmeling, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0059/LOG_0037.pdf"〉Book reviews〈/a〉〈br〉 (Hansen, C. J., Jentzsch, G.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0059/LOG_0038.pdf"〉Complete seismogram synthesis for transversely isotropic media〈/a〉〈br〉 (Mandal, B., Mitchell, B. J.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0059/LOG_0039.pdf"〉The influence of a dilatant region in the Earth's crust on the Earth tide tilt and strain〈/a〉〈br〉 (Kirsch, R., Zschau, J.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0059/LOG_0040.pdf"〉The influence at atmospheric loading on VLBI-experiments〈/a〉〈br〉 (Rabbel, W., Schuh, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0059/LOG_0041.pdf"〉Discrete frequency inequalities for magnetotelluric impedances of one-dimensional conductors〈/a〉〈br〉 (Weidelt, P.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0059/LOG_0042.pdf"〉Thermally stimulated currents in rocks〈/a〉〈br〉 (Dologlou-Revelioti, E., Varotsos, P.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0059/LOG_0043.pdf"〉Magnetostratigraphy of Neogene equatorial Pacific pelagic sediments〈/a〉〈br〉 (Weinreich, N., Theyer, F.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0059/LOG_0045.pdf"〉Deconvolution as a method for the separation of Pi2 pulsations from background field variations〈/a〉〈br〉 (Behrens, J., Glaßmeier, K.-H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0059/LOG_0046.pdf"〉〈i〉Laudatio〈/i〉. Presentation of the Emil Wiechert Medal to Don L. Anderson, Pasadena〈/a〉〈br〉 (Soffel, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0059/LOG_0047.pdf"〉〈i〉Correction〈/i〉. A comparison of upper mantle subcontinental electrical conductivity for North America, Europe and Asia〈/a〉〈br〉 (Campbell, W. H., Schiffmacher, E. R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0059/LOG_0048.pdf"〉Book reviews〈/a〉〈br〉 (Kertz, W., Schwentek, H., Jacoby, W. R.)〈/li〉 〈/body〉 〈/html〉
    Description: research
    Description: DGG, DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Alps ; Broad-band seismology ; Deconvolution ; Deep Sea Drilling Project ; Deformation of earth’s surface ; Dilatancy ; Dynamo theory ; Earth currents ; Earth tides ; Earth’s core ; Earth’s crust ; Earth’s Mantle ; Electrical Conductivity of the Earth ; Electromagnetic Induction ; Fault plane solutions ; Free oscillations of earth ; Geomagnetic pulsations ; Geothermics ; Germany ; Global positioning ; Gräfenberg seismic array ; Greece ; Harang discontinuity ; Inverse problems ; lonospheric electric field ; lsostasy ; Magnetic field of earth ; Magnetometer array studies ; Magnetosphere ; Magnetostratigraphy ; Magnetotellurics ; Pacific ; Paleomagnetism ; Partial melts ; Polar ionosphere ; Polar magnetic substorms ; Rhinegraben ; Rock Physics ; Scandinavia ; Seismics ; Seismic Moment tensor ; Seismic wave propagation ; Seismology ; Synthetic seismograms ; Syria ; Very Long Baseline Interferometry ; Viscosity of earth’s mantle ; Whistlers ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: English
    Type: anthology_digi
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  • 10
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    Zeitschrift für Geophysik 36 / 4 (2019)
    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar | 8 Z NAT 2148
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Dieser Band enthält Artikel zu Themengebieten des Erdmagnetismus und der Ionosphäre, veröffentlicht durch die Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in dem Jahr 1970.
    Description: 〈ul style="line-height:2;"〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0088.pdf"〉Heft 4〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0089.pdf"〉Titelseite〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0090.pdf"〉Inhaltsverzeichnis〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0091.pdf"〉[Impressum]〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0092.pdf"〉Geophysics and Germany, Men and Enterprises (Chapman, S.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0093.pdf"〉Investigation of the Auroral Electrojet (Heinrich, H., Reimer, D., Siemann, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0095.pdf"〉Plasmamessungen im Polarlicht-Elektrojet und daraus erschlossene elektrische Felder (Kist, R., Spenner, K.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0097.pdf"〉Polarisationsmessungen an künstlichen Bariumwolken (Möller, G. F., Haser, L.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0098.pdf"〉Der Forschungssatellit AZUR (Keppler, E.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0101.pdf"〉Crustal Structure of the Western United States from Seismic-Refraction Measurements in Comparison with Central European Results (Prodehl, C.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0105.pdf"〉MARS 66. Eine Magnetbandapparatur für seismische Tiefensondierung (Berckheimer, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0109.pdf"〉Recordings with Askania Gravimeters Before and After Important Earthquakes (Kizawa, T.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0111.pdf"〉Ergänzung zu "In memoriam Otto Lucke" (Heft 6/1969, S. 6-8) (Fanselau, G.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0112.pdf"〉[Werbung]〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈/ul〉
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGG
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Erdmagnetismus ; Geomagnetismus ; Geophysik ; Ionosphäre ; Ionosphere ; Seismik ; Seismology ; Strahlung ; Wellen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
    Type: anthology_digi
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  • 11
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    Journal of Geophysics - Zeitschrift für Geophysik 40 (2019)
    Springer, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 8 Z NAT 2148:40
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Dieser Band enthält 134 Artikel zu Themengebieten der Seismologie, Erdmagnetismus und Gesteinsphysik veröffentlicht durch die Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in dem Jahr 1974.
    Description: Inhaltsverzeichnis: Journal of Geophysics 40 〈html〉 〈body〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0010.pdf"〉Seegravimetrie〈/a〉〈br〉 (Fleischer, U.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0014.pdf"〉Statistical analysis of the pitch angle distribution of magnetospheric solar protons during geomagnetic activity〈/a〉〈br〉 (Scholer, M., Morfill, G., Hovestadt, D.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0016.pdf"〉Viscosity-depth-structure of different tectonic units and possible consequences for the upper part of converging plates〈/a〉〈br〉 (Meissner, R.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0017.pdf"〉Die Magnetisierung von Bohrkernen aus einem Serpentinit-Vorkommen bei Erbendorf (Oberpfalz) (Schult, A.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0018.pdf"〉Estimates of in situ thermal diffusivity of the Ore-Bearing Rocks in some drillholes in the Skellefte Field (N. Sweden) using the annual temperature wave〈/a〉〈br〉 (Parasnis, D. S.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0019.pdf"〉Geophysical exploration for groundwater in the Lusaka District, Republic of Zambia〈/a〉〈br〉 (Töpfer, K.D., Legg, C. A.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0021.pdf"〉Neuere Versuche zum Dipol-Induktionsverfahren〈/a〉〈br〉 (Leppin, M.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0022.pdf"〉A field evaluation of Caner's broad-band geomagnetic induction instrumentation〈/a〉〈br〉 (Dragert, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0025.pdf"〉Seismic noise at 2 Hz in Europe〈/a〉〈br〉 (Plešinger, A.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0026.pdf"〉Crustal structure under the Ionian Sea〈/a〉〈br〉 (Weigel, W.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0028.pdf"〉Heat-Flow Measurements in Swiss Lakes〈/a〉〈br〉 (Von Herzen, R. P.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0029.pdf"〉Makroseismische Abschätzungen von Herdparametern österreichischer Erdbeben aus den Jahren 1905 - 1973〈/a〉〈br〉 (Franke, A., Gutdeutsch, R.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0030.pdf"〉Long range propagation of seismic energy in the lower lithosphere〈/a〉〈br〉 (Kind, R.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0033.pdf"〉Palaeomagnetism of tertiary volcanic rocks from the Ethiopian southern plateau and the Danakil Block〈/a〉〈br〉 (Schult, A.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0034.pdf"〉Calculation of the shape and position of the last closed field line boundary and the coordinates of the magnetopause neutral points in a theoretical magnetospheric field model〈/a〉〈br〉 (Voigt, G.-H.))〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0037.pdf"〉Doppler shift of auroral backscatter signals〈/a〉〈br〉 (Czechowsky, P.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0038.pdf"〉Spherical harmonic analysis of the DS-field during magnetic storms〈/a〉〈br〉 (Schreiber, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0041.pdf"〉Note on determining hourly mean values〈/a〉〈br〉 (Larsen, J. C.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0042.pdf"〉Seismic observations in Germany of a 10 t explosion off Scotland〈/a〉〈br〉 (Bonjer, K.-P., Kaminski, W., Kind, R.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0044.pdf"〉A method to reduce the measuring time for spinner magnetometers〈/a〉〈br〉 (Hummervoll, R.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0045.pdf"〉Book Reviews〈/a〉〈br〉 (Mayer, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0046.pdf"〉Transverse plasma waves in the solar wind close to the proton gyrofrequency〈/a〉〈br〉 (Rehn, H. W.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0047.pdf"〉Die magnetische Anomalie der Ivreazone〈/a〉〈br〉 (Albert, G.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0052.pdf"〉Second meeting of the European Geophysical Society〈/a〉〈br〉〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0053.pdf"〉On a high-frequency method for the measurement of susceptibilities and hysteresis losses of rocks and minerals between nitrogen temperature and 700 °C〈/a〉〈br〉 (Markert, H., Trissl, K.-H., Zimmermann, G. J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0054.pdf"〉Kinetics of oxidation processes in titanomagnetites〈/a〉〈br〉 (Kropáček, V.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0056.pdf"〉Ultra sound absorption measurements in rock samples at low temperatures〈/a〉〈br〉 (Herminghaus, Ch., Berckhemer, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0058.pdf"〉Recordings with the Askania borehole tiltmeter (vertical pendulum) in the frequency range of earth's free oscillations〈/a〉〈br〉 (Flach, D., Große-Brauckmann, W.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0060.pdf"〉Heat flow measurements in northern Italy and heat flow maps of Europe〈/a〉〈br〉 (Haenel, R.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0062.pdf"〉Die Bestimmung der Transmissivität von Grundwasserleitern aus dem Einschwingverhalten des Brunnen-Grundwasserleitersystems〈/a〉〈br〉 (Krauss, I.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0063.pdf"〉Symposium on "Geomagnetic Anomalies, Rock Magnetism and Petrography"〈/a〉〈br〉 (Hahn, A., Hall, D. H., Dunlop, D. J., Kobayashi, Kazuo, Nomura, Masafumi, Lidiak, E. G.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0090.pdf"〉The AEROS mission〈/a〉〈br〉 (Lämmerzahl, P., Bauer, S. J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0091.pdf"〉The AEROS-EUV Spectrometer〈/a〉〈br〉 (Schmidtke, G., Schweizer, W., Knothe, M.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0092.pdf"〉The retarding potential analyzer on AEROS-B〈/a〉〈br〉 (Spenner, K., Dumbs, A.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0094.pdf"〉Impedance probe. The AEROS-B electron density experiment〈/a〉〈br〉 (Neske, E., Kist, R.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0095.pdf"〉The AEROS neutral and ion mass-spectrometer〈/a〉〈br〉 (Krankowsky, D., Lämmerzahl, P., Bonner, F., Wieder, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0096.pdf"〉The neural atmosphere temperature experiment〈/a〉〈br〉 (Spencer, N. W., Pelz, D. T., Niemann, H. B.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0097.pdf"〉Atmospheric drag analysis with the AEROS Satellite〈/a〉〈br〉 (Roemer, Max, Wulf-Mathies, Carsten)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0098.pdf"〉Electromagnetic reflections in salt deposits〈/a〉〈br〉 (Thierbach, R.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0100.pdf"〉The structure of the Ries crater from geoelectric depth soundings〈/a〉〈br〉 (Ernstson, K.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0102.pdf"〉Measurements of magnetic total field anomalies in the Hon Graben, Libya〈/a〉〈br〉 (Schult, A.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0103.pdf"〉Correction〈/a〉〈br〉〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0104.pdf"〉Book reviews〈/a〉〈br〉 (Theile, B.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0105.pdf"〉Interplanetary magnetic fields and the propagation of cosmic rays〈/a〉〈br〉 (Wibberenz, G.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0106.pdf"〉Intensity and energy spectrum of electrons accelerated in the earth's bow shock〈/a〉〈br〉 (Anderson, K. A.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0107.pdf"〉Evidence from particle precipitation of two-way-convection in auroral latitudes〈/a〉〈br〉 (Hultqvist, B.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0110.pdf"〉Investigation of electron dynamics in the magnetosphere with electron beams injected from sounding rockets〈/a〉〈br〉 (Winckler, J. R.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0113.pdf"〉Cosmic ray electrons in the atmosphere〈/a〉〈br〉 (Fulks, G., Meyer, P.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0114.pdf"〉Cosmic rays underground and the interplanetary magnetic field〈/a〉〈br〉 (Regener, Victor H., Regener, Eric)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0115.pdf"〉Harmonic temperature waves in a horizontally layered medium〈/a〉〈br〉 (Mundry, E.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0118.pdf"〉No transform faults on the moon〈/a〉〈br〉 (Stegena, L., Bérczi, Sz.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0121.pdf"〉Dominating trends of the anomalies of the gravity and magnetic fields in NE France and SW Germany〈/a〉〈br〉 (Edel, J. B.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0040/LOG_0122.pdf"〉Book Reviews〈/a〉〈br〉 (Strobach, K., Petersen, Nikolai)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈/body〉 〈/html〉
    Description: research
    Description: DGG, DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Aeronomy ; AEROS (satellite) ; Africa ; Alps ; Applied Geophysics ; Aurora ; Austria ; Bow Shock of Earth ; Canada ; Cosmic Rays ; Crustal Structure ; Earthquakes ; Europe ; France ; Free Oscillation of Earth ; Geoelectrics ; Geomagnetic Anomalies ; Geomagnetic Deep Sounding ; Geomagnetic Secular Variation ; Geomagnetic Time Variations ; Gravity Anomalies ; Gravity ; Geothermics ; Germany ; Great Britain ; Heat Flow ; Hydrology ; Interplanetary Magnetic Field ; Ionian Sea ; Ionosphere ; Italy ; Lunar Seismology ; Lunar Tectonism ; Macquarie-Inseln ; Magnetosphere ; Mantle of Earth ; Marine Geophysics ; Pacific Ocean ; Paleomagnetism ; Particle Acceleration ; Plasma Waves ; Radio Waves ; Ries Crater ; Rock Magnetism ; Rock Physics ; Salt Deposits ; Seismic Deep Sounding ; Seismic Noise ; Seismic Refraction Measurements ; Seismic Wave Absorption ; Seismology ; Solar EUV Radiation ; Solar Wind ; Switzerland ; Tectonophysics ; Tiltmeter ; United States ; USSR ; Viscosity of Earth ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
    Type: anthology_digi
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    Journal of Geophysics - Zeitschrift für Geophysik 51 (2019)
    Springer, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 8 Z NAT 2148:51
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Dieser Band enthält 29 Artikel zu Themengebieten der Geophysik, insbesondere zu Aspekten des Erdmagnetismus und der Seismik, veröffentlicht durch die Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in dem Jahr 1982.
    Description: Inhaltsverzeichnis: Journal of Geophysics 51 〈html〉 〈body〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0051/LOG_0011.pdf"〉〈sup〉40〈/sup)Ar–〈sup〉39〈/sup〉Ar Ages of Rocks and Glasses from the Nördlinger Ries Crater and the Temperature History of Impact Breccias〈/a〉〈br〉 (Staudacher, T., Jessberger, E. K., Dominik, B., Kirsten, T., Schaeffer, O. A.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0051/LOG_0012.pdf"〉Tectonic Inferences of Paleomagnetic Data from Some Mesozoic Formations in Central Iran〈/a〉〈br〉 (Wensink, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0051/LOG_0013.pdf"〉Palaeomagnetic Results from Lower Paleozoic Diabases and Pillow Lavas from the Frankenwald Area (Northwestern Edge of the Bohemian Massif) 〈/a〉〈br〉 (Kim, In-Soo, Soffel, H. C.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0051/LOG_0014.pdf"〉Palaeomagnetism of Quaternary Volcanics of the East-Eifel, Germany〈/a〉〈br〉 (Böhnel, H., Kohnen, H., Negendank, J., Schmincke, H.-U.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0051/LOG_0016.pdf"〉The Effect of Young Oceanic Regions on Frequencies and Damping of free Oscillations of the Earth〈/a〉〈br〉 (Roult, G.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0051/LOG_0017.pdf"〉Altitude Characteristics of Radar Aurora as Seen by a 90-MHz Double-Altitude Radar System Operated at Karmaselga, Karelia〈/a〉〈br〉 (Timofeev, E., Miroshnikov, Y.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0051/LOG_0018.pdf"〉Observations of Ionospheric and Field-Aligned Currents in the Late Afternoon Sector with Triad and the Scandinavian Magnetometer Array〈/a〉〈br〉 (Sulzbacher, H., Baumjohann, W., Potemra, T. A., Nielsen, E., Gustafsson, G.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0051/LOG_0019.pdf"〉Adiabatic Invariant of the Non-Relativistic Particles in the Field of a Shock Wave〈/a〉〈br〉 (Chirkov, A. G., Khodjaev, S. D., Shatalov, S. D., Vasiliyev, V. N.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0051/LOG_0020.pdf"〉Comparative Interpretation of Explosion Seismic Data〈/a〉〈br〉 (Ansorge, J., Prodehl, C., Bamford, D.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0051/LOG_0022.pdf"〉The Intercept-Time Method – Possibilities and Limitations〈/a〉〈br〉 (Pavlenkova, N. I.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0051/LOG_0025.pdf"〉Linearized Solutions of Kinematic Problems of Seismic Body Waves in Inhomogeneous Slightly Anisotropic Media〈/a〉〈br〉 (Červený, V., Jech, J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0051/LOG_0026.pdf"〉Source Parameters of Mine Tremors in the Eastern Part of the Ruhr-District (West-Germany) 〈/a〉〈br〉 (Hinzen, K.-G.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0051/LOG_0027.pdf"〉Ferromagnetic Resonance 〈I〉g〈/i〉-Factor Measurement on LUNA 20 Soil〈/a〉〈br〉 (Frait, Z., Cimbálníková, A.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0051/LOG_0028.pdf"〉Observation of Guided ULF-Waves Correlated with Auroral Particle Precipitation Theoretically Explained by Negative Landau Damping〈/a〉〈br〉 (Klöcker, N.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0051/LOG_0029.pdf"〉Ground – Satellite Correlative Study of a Giant Pulsation Event〈/a〉〈br〉 (Hillebrand, O., Münch, J., McPherron, R. L.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0051/LOG_0030.pdf"〉Average Diurnal Variations of the Intensity of Geomagnetic Pulsations in the Period Ranges of pc 2–pc 5 Observed at Fürstenfeldbruck During the Years 1960–1971〈/a〉〈br〉 (Korschunow, A.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0051/LOG_0031.pdf"〉Dispersion Effect in Earth Tide Parameters? 〈/a〉〈br〉 (Wilhelm, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0051/LOG_0032.pdf"〉Comments on “Palaeomagnetism of Upper Cretaceous Volcanics and Nubian Sandstones of Wadi Natash, SE Egypt and Implications for the Polar Wander Path for Africa in the Mesozoic”〈/a〉〈br〉 (Schult, A., Hussain, A. G., Soffel, H. C.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0051/LOG_0033.pdf"〉Book Reviews〈/a〉〈br〉 (Buntebarth, G., Stegena, L.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0051/LOG_0034.pdf"〉Amplitude study of the 〈i〉Pg〈/i〉 Phase〈/a〉〈br〉 (Banda, E., Deichmann, N., Braile, L. W., Ansorge, J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0051/LOG_0035.pdf"〉Analysis of Broad-Band Rayleigh Waves: A Possibility for Seismic Discrimination〈/a〉〈br〉 (Hanka, W.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0051/LOG_0038.pdf"〉Shear Fracture Development and Seismic Regime in Pyrophyllite Specimens with Soft Inclusions〈/a〉〈br〉 (Sobolev, G., Rummel, F.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0051/LOG_0039.pdf"〉The Shape of the Geomagnetic Field Through the Last 8,500 Years Over Part of the Northern Hemisphere〈/a〉〈br〉 (Creer, K. M., Tucholka, P.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0051/LOG_0040.pdf"〉The Induced Effects of Geomagnetic Variations in the Equatorial Region〈/a〉〈br〉 (Carlo, L., Singh, B. P., Rastogi, R. G., Agrarwal, A. K.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0051/LOG_0041.pdf"〉Parameter Trade-Off in One-Dimensional Magnetotelluric Modelling〈/a〉〈br〉 (Fischer, G., Le Quang, B. V.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0051/LOG_0042.pdf"〉A Theory of Forced Magnetohydrodynamic Waves〈/a〉〈br〉 (Krummheuer, F.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0051/LOG_0043.pdf"〉Pi2 Magnetic Pulsations, Auroral Break-ups, and the Substorm Current Wedge: A Case Study〈/a〉〈br〉 (Pashin, A. B., Glaßmeier, K. H., Baumjohann, W., Raspopov, O. M., Yahnin, A. G., Opgenoorth, H. J., Pellinen, R. J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0051/LOG_0045.pdf"〉In Memoriam Haakon Brækken 14 April 1902 – 2 Juli 1982〈/a〉〈br〉 (Saxov, S.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0051/LOG_0046.pdf"〉Book Reviews〈/a〉〈br〉 (Jacoby, W. R., Jentzsch, G., Spohn, T., Engelhard, L., Christensen, U.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈/body〉 〈/html〉
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Aurora ; Geomagnetic Pulsations ; Paleomagnetism ; Paläomagnetismus ; Satellites ; Seismologie ; Seismology ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: English
    Type: anthology_digi
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 13
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    Unknown
    Journal of Geophysics - Zeitschrift für Geophysik 52 (2019)
    Springer, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 8 Z NAT 2148:52
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Dieser Band enthält 33 Artikel zu Themengebieten der Geophysik, inklusive der Beiträge zu einem Symposium über "Plasma und Teilchen in der Magnetosphäre", veröffentlicht durch die Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in dem Jahr 1983.
    Description: Inhaltsverzeichnis: Journal of Geophysics 52 〈html〉 〈body〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0052/LOG_0011.pdf"〉On Systematic Errors in Phase-Velocity Analysis〈/a〉〈br〉 (Wielandt, E., Schenk, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0052/LOG_0012.pdf"〉The Upper Mantle Structure Under South-East Europe Derived from GRF Broadband Records of Greek Earthquakes〈/a〉〈br〉 (Rademacher, H, Odom, R. I., Kind, R.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0052/LOG_0013.pdf"〉Seismic Velocities of Granulites from the Seiland Petrographic Province, N. Norway: Implications for Scandinavian Lower Continental Crust〈/a〉〈br〉 (Chroston, P. N., Evans, C. J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0052/LOG_0014.pdf"〉Inductive Coupling Between Idealized Conductors and Its Significance for the Geomagnetic Coast Effect〈/a〉〈br〉 (Wolf, D.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0052/LOG_0015.pdf"〉VHF Radar Observations of Wind Velocities at the Arecibo Observatory〈/a〉〈br〉 (Röttger, J., Czechowsky, P., Rüster, R., Schmidt, G.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0052/LOG_0016.pdf"〉Spatial Variations of Ionospheric Conductivity and Radar Auroral Amplitude in the Eastward Electrojet Region During Pre-Substorm Conditions〈/a〉〈br〉 (Uspensky, M. V., Pellinen, R. J., Baumjohann, W., Starkov, G. V., Nielsen, E., Sofko, G., Kaila, K. U.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0052/LOG_0019.pdf"〉On the Dependence of Radar Aurora Amplitude on Ionospheric Electron Density〈/a〉〈br〉 (Starkov, G. V., Oksman, J., Uspensky, M. V., Kustov, A. V.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0052/LOG_0020.pdf"〉A Possibility to Distinguish Between Ionospheric and Magnetospheric Origin of Low Latitude Magnetic Perturbations〈/a〉〈br〉 (Papamastorakis, I., Haerendel, G.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0052/LOG_0021.pdf"〉An Analogue Model of the Geomagnetic Induction in the South Indian Ocean〈/a〉〈br〉 (Papamastorakis, I., Haerendel, G.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0052/LOG_0022.pdf"〉Book Review〈/a〉〈br〉 (Klever, N.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0052/LOG_0023.pdf"〉Investigations of the Internal Geomagnetic Field by Means of a Global Model of the Earth's Crust〈/a〉〈br〉 (Meyer, J., Hufen, J.-H., Sichert, M., Hahn, A.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0052/LOG_0025.pdf"〉A Palaeointensity Method for Use with Highly Oxidised Basalts, and Application to Some Permian Volcanics〈/a〉〈br〉 (Senanayake, W. E., McElhinny, M. W.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0052/LOG_0027.pdf"〉Comparison of Errors in Local and Reference Estimates of the Magnetotelluric Impedance Tensor〈/a〉〈br〉 (Kröger, P., Micheel, H. J., Elsner, R.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0052/LOG_0028.pdf"〉Discrete Chorus Emissions Recorded at Nainital〈/a〉〈br〉 (Khosa, P. N., Lalmani, Ahmad, M. M.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0052/LOG_0029.pdf"〉Evidence for Lamination in the Lower Continental Crust Beneath the Black Forest〈/a〉〈br〉 (Southwestern Germany) (Deichmann, N., Ansorge, J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0052/LOG_0030.pdf"〉FENNOLORA Recordings at NORSAR〈/a〉〈br〉 (Mereu, R. F., Mykkeltveit, S., Husebye, E. S.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0052/LOG_0032.pdf"〉Earth's Flattening Effect on the Tidal Forcing Field〈/a〉〈br〉 (Wilhelm, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0052/LOG_0033.pdf"〉Some Results of Calibration Factor Determination of LaCoste and Romberg Gravity Meters (Model D) 〈/a〉〈br〉 (Götze, H.-J., Meurers, B.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0052/LOG_0034.pdf"〉Ocean Tides and Periodic Variations of the Earth's Rotation〈/a〉〈br〉 (Baader, H.-R., Brosche, P., Hövel, W.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0052/LOG_0035.pdf"〉In Memoriam Anton Graf (1901–1981) 〈/a〉〈br〉 (Rosenbach, O., Gauthier, W.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0052/LOG_0036.pdf"〉In Memoriam Jürgen Henning Illies March 14, 1924 – August 2, 1982〈/a〉〈br〉 (Fuchs, K.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0052/LOG_0037.pdf"〉Book Reviews〈/a〉〈br〉 (Spohn, T., Jacoby, W. R.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0052/LOG_0038.pdf"〉Preface to the special issue “Plasma and Energetic Particles in the Magnetosphere”, EGS Meeting, 23-27 Auguts 1982, Leeds, UK〈/a〉〈br〉 (Hovestadt, D., Untiedt, J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0052/LOG_0039.pdf"〉Global Pattern of Auroral Ion Precipitation: A Review of the Results from the AUREOLE-1 and AUREOLE-2 Satellites〈/a〉〈br〉 (Crasnier, J., Sauvaud, J. A., Cambou, F., Gladyshev, V. A., Kovrazhkin, R. A., Galperin, Yu. I.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0052/LOG_0040.pdf"〉A Technique for Studying Density Gradients and Motions of Plasmaspheric Irregularities〈/a〉〈br〉 (Jones, D.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0052/LOG_0041.pdf"〉Heavy Ion Plasmas in the Outer Magnetosphere〈/a〉〈br〉 (Young, D. T.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0052/LOG_0042.pdf"〉Energetic Particle Signatures Near Magnetospheric Boundaries〈/a〉〈br〉 (Scholer, M.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0052/LOG_0043.pdf"〉Recent ISEE Observations of the Magnetopause and Low Latitude Boundary Layer: A Review〈/a〉〈br〉 (Saunders, M. A.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0052/LOG_0044.pdf"〉Motion of Flux Transfer Events on 10 November 1977 Determined by Energetic Particles on ISEE 2〈/a〉〈br〉 (Daly, P. W., Keppler, E.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0052/LOG_0045.pdf"〉On the Dynamics of the Ring Current〈/a〉〈br〉 (Hultqvist, B.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0052/LOG_0046.pdf"〉Ionic Composition of the Earth's Radiation Belts〈/a〉〈br〉 (Spjeldvik, W. N.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0052/LOG_0047.pdf"〉Energy and Charge Distribution of Energetic Helium Ions in the Outer Radiation Belt of the Earth〈/a〉〈br〉 (Klecker, B., Hovestadt, D., Scholer, M., Gloeckler, G., Ipavich, F. M., Fan, C. Y.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0052/LOG_0049.pdf"〉High Energy Electrons at Altitudes 500 km Near the Equator〈/a〉〈br〉 (Just, L., Kudela, K., Gusev, A. A., Pugacheva, G. I.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈/body〉 〈/html〉
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Aurora ; Black Forest ; Earth's Crust ; Geomagnetism ; India ; Magnetosphere ; Seismics ; Seismology ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: English
    Type: anthology_digi
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 14
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Journal of Geophysics - Zeitschrift für Geophysik 56 (2019)
    Springer, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 8 Z NAT 2148:56
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Dieser Band enthält 26 Artikel zu Themengebieten der Geophysik, veröffentlicht durch die Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in dem Jahr 1985.
    Description: Inhaltsverzeichnis: Journal of Geophysics 56 〈html〉 〈body〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0056/LOG_0010.pdf"〉Archaeomagnetic Study of Medieval Fireplaces at Mannheim-Wallstadt and Ovens from Herrenchiemsee (Southern Germany) and the Problem of Magnetic Refraction〈/a〉〈br〉 (Schurr, K., Becker, H., Soffel, H.C.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0056/LOG_0012.pdf"〉Frequency Dependence of 〈i〉Q〈/i〉 for Seismic Body Waves in the Earth's Mantle〈/a〉〈br〉 (Ulug, A., Berckhemer, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0056/LOG_0013.pdf"〉The Polarization of S Waves in a Heterogeneous Isotropic Earth Model〈/a〉〈br〉 (Cormier, V. F.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0056/LOG_0014.pdf"〉The Relaxation of Spherical and Flat Maxwell Earth Models and Effects Due to the Presence of the Lithosphere〈/a〉〈br〉 (Wolf, D.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0056/LOG_0015.pdf"〉Plasma-Gas Interactions in Planetary Atmospheres and Their Relevance for the Terrestrial Hydrogen Budget〈/a〉〈br〉 (Nass, H. U., Fahr, H. J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0056/LOG_0016.pdf"〉Increased Ionospheric Absorption Connected With Pc 1 Pulsations after Geomagnetic Storms〈/a〉〈br〉 (Märcz, F.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0056/LOG_0017.pdf"〉Some Aspects of Whistler Duct Lifetimes at Low Latitudes〈/a〉〈br〉 (Lalmani)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0056/LOG_0018.pdf"〉On a Mixed Quadratic Invariant of the Magnetic Susceptibility Tensor〈/a〉〈br〉 (Jelinek, V.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0056/LOG_0019.pdf"〉In Memoriam Hans Closs (1907 – 1982) 〈/a〉〈br〉 (Dürbaum, H.-J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0056/LOG_0020.pdf"〉In Memoriam Herbert Flathe (1919 – 1983) 〈/a〉〈br〉 (Homilius, J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0056/LOG_0021.pdf"〉Book Reviews〈/a〉〈br〉 (Böhmel, H., Doan, D., Strobach, K., Jentzsch, G.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0056/LOG_0022.pdf"〉Crustal Structure Beneath the Swabian Jura, SW Germany, from Seismic Refraction Investigations〈/a〉〈br〉 (Gajewski, D., Prodehl, C.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0056/LOG_0024.pdf"〉Static Deformations and Gravity Changes at the Earth's Surface Due to Atmospheric Loading〈/a〉〈br〉 (Rabbel, W., Zschau, J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0056/LOG_0026.pdf"〉The Normal Modes of a Uniform, Compressible Maxwell Half-Space〈/a〉〈br〉 (Wolf, D.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0056/LOG_0027.pdf"〉Magnetic Expression of the Continent-Ocean Boundary Between the Western Margin of Australia and the Eastern Indian Ocean〈/a〉〈br〉 (Veevers, J. J., Tayton, J. W., Johnson, B. D., Hansen, L.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0056/LOG_0031.pdf"〉Domain State of Ti-Rich Titanomagnetites Deduced from Domain Structure Observations and Susceptibility Measurements〈/a〉〈br〉 (Appel, E., Soffel, H. C.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0056/LOG_0032.pdf"〉Large-Scale Studies of Pi-2's Associated with Auroral Breakups〈/a〉〈br〉 (Samson, J. C.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0056/LOG_0033.pdf"〉Book Reviews〈/a〉〈br〉 (Schröder,W., Engelhard, L.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0056/LOG_0034.pdf"〉Source Orientation from Grid Test and Synthetic Seismograms and an Application to the Ibbenbüren Earthquake of July 1981〈/a〉〈br〉 (Hinzen, K.-G., Krummel, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0056/LOG_0035.pdf"〉Active Seismic Layers and Crustal Structure in Some Italian Regions〈/a〉〈br〉 (Cassinis, R., Mazzoni, P., Ranzoni, A.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0056/LOG_0037.pdf"〉Nonlinear Inversion of Local Seismic Travel Times for the Simultaneous Determination of the 3D-Velocity Structure and Hypocentres – Application to the Seismic Zone Vrancea〈/a〉〈br〉 (Koch, M.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0056/LOG_0038.pdf"〉The Relationship Between the Magnetic Anisotropy and the 〈i〉c〈/i〉-Axis Fabric in a Massive Hematite Ore〈/a〉〈br〉 (Hrouda, F., Siemes, H., Herres, N., Hennig-Michaeli, C.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0056/LOG_0040.pdf"〉The Inverse Scattering Problem for Reflection of Electromagnetic Dipole Radiation From Earth With Vertical Variation〈/a〉〈br〉 (Vidberg, H. J., Riska, D. O.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0056/LOG_0041.pdf"〉The Method of Integral Equation in the Direct Current Resistivity Method and its Accuracy〈/a〉〈br〉 (Schulz, R.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0056/LOG_0042.pdf"〉Stochastic Ion Acceleration by Coherent Electrostatic Waves〈/a〉〈br〉 (Varvoglis, H., Papadopoulos, K.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0056/LOG_0043.pdf"〉Book Reviews〈/a〉〈br〉 (Dieminger, W., Brüstle, W.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈/body〉 〈/html〉
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Aurora ; Earthquakes ; Earth's Crust ; Earth's Mantle ; Geomagnetic Pulsations ; Rock Magnetism ; Seismology ; Seismograms ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: English
    Type: anthology_digi
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  • 15
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    Seismic Recordings for SMARTIE1: Seismic Monitoring And Research of Wind Turbine Induced Emissions 1 (2019)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Abstract
    Description: SMARTIE1 is a joint seismological experiment of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and the Leipzig University. We installed in total 36 seismic stations as ring-like and profile-like measurements near to a single wind turbine (WT) at the Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology (ICT) in Pfinztal, SW Germany, for 21 days. The main goals of this project are a better understanding of a single WT as a seismic source and the development of propagation models for the WT-induced seismic signals, depending on the geological properties. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code X8 (under CC-BY 4.0 license according to GIPP-rules), and are embargoed until Jan 2020.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismology ; temporary local seismic experiment ; induced seismic signals ; wind turbine ; Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~1T
    Format: .mseed
    Format: XML
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  • 16
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    Crustal Seismicity along for the Southern Andes Volcanic Zone (LOFS) (2019)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The Liquiñe-Ofqui fault system (LOFS) in south-central Chile provides a natural laboratory to assess the interplay between magma/hydrothermal fluid flow and crustal deformation. Understanding these processes is of paramount importance for geothermal energy exploration and seismic hazard assessment. We deployed a dense seismic network (Sielfeld et al., 2019) at the northern termination of the LOFS in south-central Chile (~38°S) between 2014 March and 2015 June. The main aim was to better understand the significance and implications of seismic activity in relation to geological information such as the complex fault-fracture network, volcanoes, and the stress field estimated from geological data. As a result, the network was designed to monitor the northern segment of the LOFS on a more regional scale rather than concentration on the activity of one volcano. The network covered a ~200‐km‐long section of the Southern Volcanic Zone, including several Holocene stratovolcanoes (Callaqui, Copahue, Caviahue Caldera, Tolhuaca, Lonquimay, Llaima, Sierra Nevada, Sollipulli, Villarrica, Quetrupillán, Lanín (La), and Mocho‐Choshuenco). Waveform data are open and available under network code 3H from the GEOFON data centre under license CC BY 4.0.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismology ; temporary local seismic experiment ; LOFZ ; LOFS ; seismological data ; Monitoring system ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 SEISMOLOGICAL STATIONS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~650G
    Format: .mseed
    Format: XML
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  • 17
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    Monitoring the unrest of ElHierro Island with seismic observations (2019)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The unrest of el Hierro Islands started in 2011 with a submarine volcanic eruption. In order to better characterize unrest of El Hierro Island 9 landstations were installed on the Island of ElHierro (Figure 1) between March 2015 and June 2016. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 2L and are embargoed until Jan 2021.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismology ; temporary local seismic experiment ; ElHierro ; seismological data ; Monitoring system ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 SEISMOLOGICAL STATIONS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~240G
    Format: .mseed
    Format: XML
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  • 18
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    One year of seismic records of an array installed on a taiwanese ridge (2019)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: A line of 6 broadband seismometers have been deployed across a ridge in the Hualien County (Eastern Taiwan). From March 2015 to June 2016 the network has been continuously recording waves incoming from the Taiwanese regional seismicity. During that period, more than 2000 earthquakes with magnitudes Ml〉3 and distant from less than 200km were recorded. The hill is well approximated by a triangular topography of 3600m in length by 900m in height. Waveform data are open and available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 5K.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismology ; temporary local seismic experiment ; Monitoring system ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 SEISMOLOGICAL STATIONS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~240G
    Format: .mseed
    Format: XML
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  • 19
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    Multi-scale imaging of the Main Pamir Thrust faults within the framework of CaTeNA project – Climatic and Tectonic Natural Hazards in Central Asia (2019)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: We propose to investigate the structure and evolution of the Main Pamir Thrust (MPT) with a high-density seismological array. The MPT, with its surface expression along the east-west trending Alai Valley, marks the northern boundary of the Pamir. The Alai Valley, separating the Pamir and the Tien Shan, constitutes the last vestige of a formerly continuous basin that linked the Tarim and the Tajik Basins. The MPT manifests itself as a place of high seismic activity with frequently occurred disastrous earthquakes. The array is about 50 km long, consisted of 90 three-component geophones (stations G?? and C??) and 10 Trillium-Compact seismometers (stations T??), and equipped with 100 CUBE dataloggers. We will construct a high-resolution receiver function profile to image the MPT and accurately locate the local earthquakes associated with the MPT. Funded by BMBF, within the framework of CaTeNA project – Climatic and Tectonic Natural Hazards in Central Asia. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 7A and are embargoed until Jan 2024.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismology ; temporary local seismic experiment ; Monitoring system ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 SEISMOLOGICAL STATIONS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~240G
    Format: .mseed
    Format: XML
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  • 20
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    Dataset of the 6G seismic network at Los Humeros, 2017-2018 (2019)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Extensive passive seismic monitoring was carried out between September 2017 and September 2018 over the Los Humeros geothermal field in Mexico. This experiment, in addition to several geophysical, geological, and geochemical surveys was conducted in the framework of the European H2020 and Mexican CONACyT-SENER project GEMex for a better understanding of the structures and behavior of the local geothermal system currently under exploitation, and for investigating future development areas. 25 broadband stations (22 Trillium C-120s and 3 Trillium C-20 PH) recording at 200 Hz, and 20 short period stations (Mark L-4C-3D) recording at 100 Hz comprised the network which is sub-divided into two sub-networks. An inner and denser (~1.6-2 km inter-station distance) pseudo-rhomboidal array (27 stations) was laid out to cover the producing zone and retrieve local seismicity mainly associated to injection and production operations, and to comply with beamforming of ambient noise and time reverse imaging techniques. An outer and sparser (~5 km minimum spacing) array was placed at around 30 km radius surrounding the inner network, and was mainly dedicated to larger scale imaging techniques, such as seismic ambient noise tomography, and regional earthquakes tomography. The GEMex project is supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 programme for Research and Innovation under grant agreement No 727550 and the Mexican Energy Sustainability Fund CONACYT-SENER, project 2015-04-68074. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 6G and are embargoed until Jan 2023.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismology ; temporary local seismic experiment ; Monitoring system ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 SEISMOLOGICAL STATIONS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~1T
    Format: .mseed
    Format: XML
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    DATA GFZ
  • 21
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    Non-Double-Couple Component Analysis of Induced Microearthquakes in the Val d’Agri Basin (Italy) (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-23
    Description: In recent years it has become accepted that earthquake source can attain significant Non-Double-Couple (NDC) components. Among the driving factors of deviation from normal double-couple (DC) mechanisms there is the opening/closing of fracture networks and the activation of pre-existing faults by pore fluid pressure perturbations. This observation makes the thorough analysis of source mechanism of key importance for the understanding of withdrawal/injection induced seismicity from geothermal and hydrocarbon reservoirs, as well as of water reservoir induced seismicity. In addition to the DC component, seismic moment tensor can be decomposed into isotropic (ISO) and compensated linear vector dipole (CLVD) components. In this study we performed a careful analysis of the seismic moment tensor of induced microseismicity recorded in the Val d'Agri (Southern Apennines, Italy) focusing our attention on the NDC component. The Val d'Agri is a Quaternary extensional basin that hosts the largest onshore European oil field and a water reservoir (Pertusillo Lake impoundment) characterized by severe seasonal level oscillations. Our input data-set includes swarm-type induced micro-seismicity recorded between 2005-2006 by a high-performance network and accurately localized by a reservoir-scale local earthquake tomography. We analyze two different seismicity clusters: (i) a swarm of 69 earthquakes with 0.3 ML 1.8 induced by a wastewater disposal well of the oilfield during the initial daily injection tests (10 days); (ii) 526 earthquakes with -0.2 ML 2.7 induced by seasonal volume changes of the artificial lake. We perform the seismic moment tensor inversion by using HybridMT code. After a very accurate signal-to-noise selection and hand-made picking of P-pulses, we obtain %DC, %ISO, %CLVD for each event. DC and NDC components are analyzed and compared with the spatio-temporal distribution of seismicity, the local stress field, the injection parameters and the water level in the impoundment. We find significant NDC components and abrupt temporal variations in the DC and ISO components that appear linked to the extremely variable parameters of the injection tests into the disposal well.
    Description: Published
    Description: New Orleans, LA
    Description: 2T. Sorgente Sismica
    Keywords: Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 22
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    Structural inheritance controlling active crustal deformation in the Val d’Agri area (southern Apennines, Italy): new insights from finite element modelling (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-18
    Description: The availability of a large amount of surface geological data and subsurface information gathered by the oil industry, together with seismic and geodetic data, allowed us to define and analyse the active structures in the Val d'Agri area of the southern Apennines. Taking into account that the study of interseismic deformation can be significant to identify locked fault areas that can potentially slip, in this study we present 2D elastoplastic finite-element models to reproduce interseismic characteristics of the study area. This hosts the largest Europe's onshore oil field and is characterised by an active extensional tectonic regime, as inferred from earthquake focal mechanisms and fault slip data from late Quaternary structures. Based on high-quality seismic profiles tied with deep well logs, we constructed a detailed geological section across the study area. Outcropping units are dissected by numerous brittle structures that formed at various stages during the tectonic evolution of the Apennines, while the deep ones are dominated by deeply rooted major faults. The rheological behaviour has been constrained by the reconstruction of the thermal structure of the fold and thrust belt, using available information from the foreland Apulian Platform and from temperature data from a series of wells. Starting from the geological model, we reproduced interseismic deformation by means of finite-element numerical modelling, varying boundary conditions and unlocking different fault segments. Our numerical models provide new insights into the controversial and widely debated active tectonic setting of the Val d'Agri area, confirming the major role played by structural inheritance and reactivation processes. In fact, recent low-magnitude seismicity tends to illuminate fault segments consisting of pre-existing reverse faults reactivated as normal faults in the present-day stress field. These long-lived, mature fault systems occurring in the buried Apulian Platform carbonates (and underlying basement) represent major brittle structures that cumulated displacements of up to a few kilometres over geologic time. As a result of their reactivation within the late Quaternary extensional stress field, these long-lived crustal structures are capable of nucleating also moderate- to large-magnitude earthquakes. The decoupling between deep and shallow structural levels, and the different inherited structures affecting them, explain the apparent contrast between the subdued surface expression of active fault systems and the known occurrence of large magnitude seismic events in the study area, thus reconciling apparently contrasting geological and geophysical constraints.
    Description: Published
    Description: 111-114
    Description: 1T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: Active tectonics ; Fault reactivation ; Stress field ; Seismicity ; Extensional tectonics ; Seismology ; Tectonophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 23
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    Journal of Geophysics - Zeitschrift für Geophysik 48 (2018)
    Springer, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 8 Z NAT 2148
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Dieser Band enthält 28 Artikel zu Themengebieten der Geophysik, veröffentlicht durch die Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in dem Jahr 1980.
    Description: Inhaltsverzeichnis: Journal of Geophysics 48 〈html〉 〈body〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0048/LOG_0012.pdf"〉The Analysis of Simultaneous Observations of Nighttime Pi Pulsations on an East-West Profile〈/a〉〈br〉 (Baranskiy, L. N., Troitskaya, V. A., Sterlikova, I. V., Gokhberg, M. B., Ivanov, N. A., Khartchenko, I. P., Münch, J. W., Wilhelm, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0048/LOG_0013.pdf"〉Coordinated Magnetic Observations of Morning Sector Auroral Zone Currents With Triad and the Scandinavian Magnetometer Array: A Case Study〈/a〉〈br〉 (Sulzbacher, H., Baumjohann, W., Potemra, T. A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0048/LOG_0014.pdf"〉K – Ar Age Determinations on Tertiary Volcanic Rocks: V. Siebengebirge, Siebengebirge-Graben〈/a〉〈br〉 (Todt, W., Lippolt, H. J.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0048/LOG_0015.pdf"〉The Geothermal Anomaly of Landau/Pfalz: An Attempt of Interpretation〈/a〉〈br〉 (Werner, D., Parini, M.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0048/LOG_0016.pdf"〉Magnetic and Gravity Investigations of the Dead Sea Rift and Adjacent Areas in Northern Israel〈/a〉〈br〉 (Folkman, Y.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0048/LOG_0017.pdf"〉Changes of Structure, Phase Composition and Electric Conductivity Under High-Temperature Oxidation of Titanomagnetites〈/a〉〈br〉 (Kropáček, V., Laštovičková, M.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0048/LOG_0018.pdf"〉Maximum Velocity Amplitudes of 〈i〉P〈/i〉 and 〈i〉S〈/i〉 Waves From Filtered Broadband Records〈/a〉〈br〉 (Sitaram, M. V. D, Plešinger, A., Vaněk, J.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0048/LOG_0019.pdf"〉Comment on: On the Sources of the 12-Month Wave in the 〈i〉an〈/i〉 and 〈i〉as〈/i〉 Geomagnetic Activity Indices〈/a〉〈br〉 (Mayaud, P. N.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0048/LOG_0020.pdf"〉Book Reviews〈/a〉〈br〉 (Schopper, J., Hartmann, G.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0048/LOG_0021.pdf"〉A Late Cretaceous 〈sup〉40〈/sup〉Ar–〈sup〉39〈/sup〉Ar Age for the Lappajärvi Impact Crater, Finland〈/a〉〈br〉 (Jessberger, E. K., Reimold, W. U.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0048/LOG_0022.pdf"〉Magnetic Properties of Swiss Flysch〈/a〉〈br〉 (Channell, J., Freeman, R., Heller, F.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0048/LOG_0023.pdf"〉Source Parameters of Earthquakes From the Himalayan Region〈/a〉〈br〉 (Upadhyay, S. K., Duda, S. J.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0048/LOG_0024.pdf"〉Teleseismic Evidence for Velocity Heterogeneity Beneath the Rhenish Massif〈/a〉〈br〉 (Raikes, S.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0048/LOG_0025.pdf"〉The Simulation Problem for Broad-Band Seismograms〈/a〉〈br〉 (Seidl, D.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0048/LOG_0026.pdf"〉Load-Induced Stresses and Their Relation to the Initial Stress Field〈/a〉〈br〉 (Bock, G.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0048/LOG_0027.pdf"〉Ground-Based Observations of an Onset of Localized Field-Aligned Currents During Auroral Breakup Around Magnetic Midnight〈/a〉〈br〉 (Opgenoorth, H. J., Pellinen, R. J., Maurer, H., Küppers, F., Heikkila, W. J., Kaila, K. U., Tanskanen, P.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0048/LOG_0028.pdf"〉Simultaneous Maxima of Geomagnetic Pulsations and Riometer Absorption on the Afternoon Side of the Auroral Zone〈/a〉〈br〉 (Novikov, Y., Kopytenko, Y., Raspopov, O., Bösinger, T., Kangas, J., Ranta, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0048/LOG_0029.pdf"〉Numerical Investigation of the Spectral Resolving Power of Burg's Maximum Entropy Method〈/a〉〈br〉 (Wenzel, F., Zürn, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0048/LOG_0030.pdf"〉Errors in Matrix Element Expressions for the Reflectivity Method〈/a〉〈br〉 (Baumgardt, D.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0048/LOG_0031.pdf"〉Magnetometer Array Observations of a Giant Pulsation Event〈/a〉〈br〉 (Glaßmeier, K.-H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0048/LOG_0032.pdf"〉Palaeomagnetic Secular Variation Curves Extending Back to 13,400 years B.P. Recorded by Sediments Deposited in Lac de Joux, Switzerland〈/a〉〈br〉 (Creer, K., Hogg, T. E., Readman, P. W., Reynaud, C.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0048/LOG_0033.pdf"〉Anhysteretic Remanent Magnetization of Small Multidomain Fe〈sub〉3〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 Particles Dispersed in Various Concentrations in a Non Magnetic Matrix〈/a〉〈br〉 (Schmidbauer, E., Veitch, R. J.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0048/LOG_0034.pdf"〉Stirred Remanent Magnetization: A Laboratory Analogue of Post-Depositional Realignment〈/a〉〈br〉 (Tucker, P.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0048/LOG_0035.pdf"〉High Precision Measurement of the Frequency of Mode 〈sub〉O〈/sub〉S〈sub〉O〈/sub〉〈/a〉〈br〉 (Zürn, W., Knopoff, L., Rydelek, P. A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0048/LOG_0036.pdf"〉The Solution of Dynamic Problems of Elastic Wave Propagation in Inhomogeneous Media by a Combination of Partial Separation of Variables and Finite-Difference Methods〈/a〉〈br〉 (Alekseev, A. S., Mikhailenko, B. G.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0048/LOG_0037.pdf"〉A Characteristic Method for Numerical Solution of the Inverse Kinematic Seismic Problems〈/a〉〈br〉 (Romanov, M. E., Alekseev, A. S.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0048/LOG_0038.pdf"〉Geomagnetic Induction Studies in Scandinavia〈/a〉〈br〉 (Jones, A. G.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0048/LOG_0039.pdf"〉Comments on Polarization and Coherence〈/a〉〈br〉 (Samson, J. C.)〈/li〉 〈/body〉 〈/html〉
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Auroral Zone Physics ; Broad Band Seismograms ; Earth’s Crust ; Earth’s Mantle ; Electrical Conductivity of Rocks ; Electrical Conductivity of the Earth ; Electromagnetic lnduction in the Earth ; Free Oscillations ; Geochronology ; Geomagnetic Activity ; Geomagnetic Pulsations ; Geomagnetic Time Variations ; Geothermal Anomalies ; Gravity Anomalies ; Himalaya ; Impact Structures ; Induced Seismicity ; Inverse Seismic Problems ; Israel ; Magnetic Anomalies ; Maximum Entropy Method ; Palaeomagnetism ; Polarization Analysis ; Reflectivity Method ; Rheinisches Massiv ; Rock Magnetism ; Rock Physics ; Scandinavia ; Secular Variation ; Seismology ; Siebengebirge ; Stress Field ; Theoretical Seismograms ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: English
    Type: anthology_digi
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    The crust and upper mantle structure of central and West Antarctica from Bayesian inversion of Rayleigh Wave and receiver functions (2018)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2018. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 123 (2018): 7824-7849, doi:10.1029/2017JB015346.
    Description: We construct a new seismic model for central and West Antarctica by jointly inverting Rayleigh wave phase and group velocities along with P wave receiver functions. Ambient noise tomography exploiting data from more than 200 seismic stations deployed over the past 18 years is used to construct Rayleigh wave phase and group velocity dispersion maps. Comparison between the ambient noise phase velocity maps with those constructed using teleseismic earthquakes confirms the accuracy of both results. These maps, together with P receiver function waveforms, are used to construct a new 3‐D shear velocity (Vs) model for the crust and uppermost mantle using a Bayesian Monte Carlo algorithm. The new 3‐D seismic model shows the dichotomy of the tectonically active West Antarctica (WANT) and the stable and ancient East Antarctica (EANT). In WANT, the model exhibits a slow uppermost mantle along the Transantarctic Mountains (TAMs) front, interpreted as the thermal effect from Cenozoic rifting. Beneath the southern TAMs, the slow uppermost mantle extends horizontally beneath the traditionally recognized EANT, hypothesized to be associated with lithospheric delamination. Thin crust and lithosphere observed along the Amundsen Sea coast and extending into the interior suggest involvement of these areas in Cenozoic rifting. EANT, with its relatively thick and cold crust and lithosphere marked by high Vs, displays a slower Vs anomaly beneath the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains in the uppermost mantle, which we hypothesize may be the signature of a compositionally anomalous body, perhaps remnant from a continental collision.
    Description: National Science Foundation Grant Numbers: PLR‐1142518, PLR‐1246712, PLR 1246151, PLR‐1246416, PLR‐1744883, PLR‐ 1744883
    Description: 2019-03-22
    Keywords: Seismology ; Crust and uppermost mantle ; Ambient noise tomography ; Antarctica ; Transantarctic Mountains ; Gamburtsev Mountains
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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    Assessment of seabed seismic systems (2018)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: This project was initiated to accomplish the necessary research and documentation of existing seismic techniques and systems for the study of sediments and sedimentary structures in the oceans. In this respect , it is an 'inventory' of methods and techniques for looking at small-scale features or changes in structures lying from 10 to 1000 m beneath the sea floor. It attempts to assess the vertical and lateral resolution capabilities of existing and technically feasible seismic systems. Some of the questions posed are: how closely can we determine vertical variation such as sediment layer thickness and vertical variation with depth; also lateral coherence or its disruption by such agents as facies changes, thinning or thickening, slumping, faulting; the nature of the basement structure, its areal coherence, velocity structure and associated anomalies?
    Description: Prepared for the Sandia Laboratories under Contract 13-9944.
    Keywords: Seismology ; Ocean bottom
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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    Microearthquake activity on the Orozco Fracture Zone : preliminary results from Project ROSE (2018)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Also published as: Journal of Geophysical Research 86 (1981): 3783- 3790
    Description: We present preliminary hypocenter determinations for 52 earthquakes recorded by a large multiinstitutional network of ocean bottom seismometers and ocean bottom hydrophones in the Orozco Fracture Zone in the eastern Pacific during late February to mid-March 1979. The network was deployed as pan of the Rivera Ocean Seismic Experiment, also known as Project ROSE. The Orozco Fracture Zone is physiographically complex, and the pattern of microeanhquake hypocenters at least partly reflects this complexity. All of the well-located epicenters lie within the active transform fault segment of the fracture zone. About lialf of the recorded earthquakes were aligned along a narrow trough that extends eastward from the northern rise crest intersection in the approximate direction of the Cocos-Pacific relative plate motion; these events appear to be characterized by strike-slip faulting. The second major group of activity occurred in the central portion of the transform fault; the microearthquakes in this group do not display a preferred alignment parallel to the direction of spreading, and several are not obviously associated with distinct topographic features. Hypocentral depth was well resolved for many of the earthquakes reported here. Nominal depths range from 0 to 17 km below the seafloor.
    Description: Prepared for the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-79-C-0071; NR 083-004.
    Keywords: Natural disasters ; Seismology
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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    A geophysical survey within the Mesozoic magnitic anomaly sequence south of Bermuda (2018)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Also published as: Journal of Geophysical Research 84 (1979): 5487-5496
    Description: This geophysical survey of an approximate 1° square covers Mesozoic magnetic anomalies M0, M2, and M4 south of Bermuda. Bathymetry, magnetics, seismic reflection profiling, and seismic refraction data are presented. The isochron trend within the survey area at magnetic anomaly M4 time is 025°. Two left lateral fracture zones exist: the southern fracture zone has an offset of 〈10 km at M4 time and 33 km at M0 time. The northern fracture zone has an offset of 37 km at M4 time and 26 km at M0 time. These changes in offset are accounted for by asymmetric spreading, an 11° change in trend of anomaly M0 relative to M4, and by M0 time, growth of a small right lateral fracture zone. Seismic refraction data provide poor control on the shallow crustal structure but suggest the presence of significant lateral inhomogeneities within layer 2.
    Description: Prepared for the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-74-C-0262; NR 083-004.
    Keywords: Submarine geology ; Seismology
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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    Rupture evolution of the 2006 Java tsunami earthquake and the possible role of splay faults (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2017. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here under a nonexclusive, irrevocable, paid-up, worldwide license granted to WHOI. It is made available for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Tectonophysics 721 (2017): 143-150, doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2017.10.003.
    Description: The 2006 Mw 7.8 Java earthquake was a tsunami earthquake, exhibiting frequency-dependent seismic radiation along strike. High-frequency global back-projection results suggest two distinct rupture stages. The first stage lasted ~65 s with a rupture speed of ~1.2 km/s, while the second stage lasted from ~65 to 150 s with a rupture speed of ~2.7 km/s. High-frequency radiators resolved with back-projection during the second stage spatially correlate with splay fault traces mapped from residual free-air gravity anomalies. These splay faults also colocate with a major tsunami source associated with the earthquake inferred from tsunami first-crest back-propagation simulation. These correlations suggest that the splay faults may have been reactivated during the Java earthquake, as has been proposed for other tsunamigenic earthquakes, such as the 1944 Mw 8.1 Tonankai earthquake in the Nankai Trough.
    Description: W.F. is currently supported by the Postdoctoral Scholar Program at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, with funding provided by the Weston Howland Jr. Postdoctoral Scholarship.
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Tsunami ; Back-projection ; Splay faults ; Java ; Seismology
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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    PARTOS - Passive and Active Ray TOmography Software: description and preliminary analysis using TOMO-ETNA experiment’s dataset. (2017)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: In this manuscript we present the new friendly seismic tomography software based on joint inversion of active and passive seismic sources called PARTOS (Passive Active Ray TOmography Software). This code has been developed on the base of two well-known widely used tomographic algorithms (LOTOS and ATOM-3D), providing a robust set of algorithms. The dataset used to set and test the program has been provided by TOMO-ETNA experiment. TOMO-ETNA database is a large, highquality dataset that includes active and passive seismic sources recorded during a period of 4 months in 2014. We performed a series of synthetic tests in order to estimate the resolution and robustness of the solutions. Real data inversion has been carried out using 3 different subsets: (i) active data; (ii) passive data; and (iii) joint dataset. Active database is composed by a total of 16,950 air-gun shots during 1 month and passive database includes 452 local and regional earthquakes recorded during 4 months. This large dataset provides a high ray density within the study region. The combination of active and passive seismic data, together with the high quality of the database, permits to obtain a new tomographic approach of the region under study never done before. An additional user-guide of PARTOS software is provided in order to facilitate the implementation for new users.
    Description: Published
    Description: S0435
    Description: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Seismic tomograpy ; Tomographic inversion code ; Mt. Etna volcano ; Seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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    The TOMO-ETNA experiment: an imaging active campaign at Mt. Etna volcano. Context, main objectives, working-plans and involved research projects (2017)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The TOMO-ETNA experiment was devised to image of the crust underlying the volcanic edifice and, possibly, its plumbing system by using passive and active refraction/reflection seismic methods. This experiment included activities both on-land and offshore with the main objective of obtaining a new high-resolution seismic tomography to improve the knowledge of the crustal structures existing beneath the Etna volcano and northeast Sicily up to Aeolian Islands. The TOMO-ETNA experiment was divided in two phases. The first phase started on June 15, 2014 and finalized on July 24, 2014, with the withdrawal of two removable seismic networks (a short period network and a broadband network composed by 80 and 20 stations respectively) deployed at Etna volcano and surrounding areas. During this first phase the oceanographic research vessel (R/V) “Sarmiento de Gamboa” and the hydro-oceanographic vessel (H/V) “Galatea” performed the offshore activities, which includes the deployment of ocean bottom seismometers (OBS), air-gun shooting for wide angle seismic refraction (WAS), multi-channel seismic (MCS) reflection surveys, magnetic surveys and ROV (remotely operated vehicle) dives. This phase finished with the recovery of the short period seismic network. In the second phase the broadband seismic network remained operative until October 28, 2014, and the R/V “Aegaeo” performed additional MCS surveys during November 19-27, 2014. Overall, the information deriving from TOMO-ETNA experiment could provide the answer to many uncertainties that have arisen while exploiting the large amount of data provided by the cutting-edge monitoring systems of Etna volcano and seismogenic area of eastern Sicily.
    Description: Published
    Description: S0426
    Description: 7A. Geofisica di esplorazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Active and passive seismic tomography ; Etna volcano ; MED-SUV ; Inner imaging of active volcanoes ; Seismology ; Volcanology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.06. Seismic methods
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Least-squares reverse time migration in elastic media (2017)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-01
    Description: Elastic reverse time migration (RTM) can yield accurate subsurface information (e.g. PP and PS reflectivity) by imaging the multicomponent seismic data. However, the existing RTM methods are still insufficient to provide satisfactory results because of the finite recording aperture, limited bandwidth and imperfect illumination. Besides, the P - and S -wave separation and the polarity reversal correction are indispensable in conventional elastic RTM. Here, we propose an iterative elastic least-squares RTM (LSRTM) method, in which the imaging accuracy is improved gradually with iteration. We first use the Born approximation to formulate the elastic de-migration operator, and employ the Lagrange multiplier method to derive the adjoint equations and gradients with respect to reflectivity. Then, an efficient inversion workflow (only four forward computations needed in each iteration) is introduced to update the reflectivity. Synthetic and field data examples reveal that the proposed LSRTM method can obtain higher-quality images than the conventional elastic RTM. We also analyse the influence of model parametrizations and misfit functions in elastic LSRTM. We observe that Lamé parameters, velocity and impedance parametrizations have similar and plausible migration results when the structures of different models are correlated. For an uncorrelated subsurface model, velocity and impedance parametrizations produce fewer artefacts caused by parameter crosstalk than the Lamé coefficient parametrization. Correlation- and convolution-type misfit functions are effective when amplitude errors are involved and the source wavelet is unknown, respectively. Finally, we discuss the dependence of elastic LSRTM on migration velocities and its antinoise ability. Imaging results determine that the new elastic LSRTM method performs well as long as the low-frequency components of migration velocities are correct. The quality of images of elastic LSRTM degrades with increasing noise.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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    The dynamic response of prone-to-fall columns to ambient vibrations: comparison between measurements and numerical modelling (2017)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-01
    Description: Seismic noise measurements (ambient vibrations) have been increasingly used in rock slope stability assessment for both investigation and monitoring purposes. Recent studies made on gravitational hazard revealed significant spectral amplification at given frequencies and polarization of the wave-field in the direction of maximum rock slope displacement. Different properties (resonance frequencies, polarization and spectral ratio amplitudes) can be derived from the spectral analysis of the seismic noise to characterize unstable rock masses. The objective here is to identify the dynamic parameters that could be used to gain information on prone-to-fall rock columns’ geometry. To do so, the dynamic response of prone-to-fall columns to seismic noise has been studied on two different sites exhibiting cliff-like geometry. Dynamic parameters (main resonance frequency and spectral ratio amplitudes) that could characterize the column decoupling were extracted from seismic noise and their variations were studied taking into account the external environmental parameter fluctuations. Based on this analysis, a two-dimensional numerical model has been set up to assess the influence of the rear vertical fractures identified on both sites on the rock column motion response. Although a simple relation was found between spectral ratio amplitudes and the rock column slenderness, it turned out that the resonance frequency is more stable than the spectral ratio amplitudes to characterize this column decoupling, provided that the elastic properties of the column can be estimated. The study also revealed the effect of additional remote fractures on the dynamic parameters, which in turn could be used for detecting the presence of such discontinuities.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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    Imaging of first-order surface-related multiples by reverse-time migration (2017)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-01
    Description: Surface-related multiples have been utilized in the reverse-time migration (RTM) procedures, and additional illumination for subsurface can be provided. Meanwhile, many cross-talks are generated from undesired interactions between forward- and backward-propagated seismic waves. In this paper, subsequent to analysing and categorizing these cross-talks, we propose RTM of first-order multiples to avoid most undesired interactions in RTM of all-order multiples, where only primaries are forward-propagated and crosscorrelated with the backward-propagated first-order multiples. With primaries and multiples separated during regular seismic data processing as the input data, first-order multiples can be obtained by a two-step scheme: (1) the dual-prediction of higher-order multiples; and (2) the adaptive subtraction of predicted higher-order multiples from all-order multiples within local offset-time windows. In numerical experiments, two synthetic and a marine field data sets are used, where different cross-talks generated by RTM of all-order multiples can be identified and the proposed RTM of first-order multiples can provide a very interpretable image with a few cross-talks.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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    [Editors' Choice] Fluorine frolicking with eight friends (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-10
    Description: Author: Jake Yeston
    Keywords: Inorganic Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Post-seismic velocity changes along the 2008 M7.9 Wenchuan earthquake rupture zone revealed by S coda of repeating events (2017)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-07
    Description: We investigated post-seismic velocity changes within the fault zone of the 2008 M 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake using coda wave data of repeating small earthquakes. We employed template matching and grid search methods to identify well-defined repeating earthquakes in order to minimize artefacts induced by variations in source location. We identified a total of 12 isolated patches in the fault zone that ruptured more than twice in a 1 yr period after the M 7.9 earthquake. We applied the coda wave interferometry technique to the waveform data of the 34 identified repeating earthquakes to estimate velocity changes between the first and subsequent events in each cluster. We found that major post-seismic velocity changes occurred in the southwestern part of the rupture area, where the main rupture was initiated and characterized by thrust motion, while the Beichuan area in the northeastern part of the rupture zone appears to experience very little post-seismic velocity changes.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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    Broad-band Rayleigh wave phase velocity maps (10-150 s) across the United States from ambient noise data (2017)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-07
    Description: In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of imaging broad-band (10–150 s) Rayleigh wave phase velocity maps on a continental scale using ambient noise tomography (ANT). We obtain broad-band Rayleigh waves from cross-correlations of ambient noise data between all station pairs of USArray and measure the dispersion curves from these cross-correlations at a period band of 10–150 s. The large-scale dense USArray enables us to obtain over 500 000 surface wave paths which cover the contiguous United States densely. Using these paths, we generate Rayleigh wave phase velocity maps at 10–150 s periods. Our phase velocity maps are similar to other reported phase velocity maps based on ambient noise data at short periods (〈50 s) and based on earthquake data at intermediate/long periods (50–90 s). This study extends ANT from short/intermediate periods (〈50 s) to long periods up to 150 s in a continental scale of the USA. These broad-band phase velocity maps from ANT can be used to construct 3-D lithospheric and asthenospheric velocity structures.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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    [This Week in Science] A salty route to an all-nitrogen ring (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-27
    Description: Author: Jake Yeston
    Keywords: Inorganic Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    [In Depth] New Zealand temblor points to threat of compound quakes (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-25
    Description: A reassuring rule of thumb about earthquakes is breaking down. For decades, seismologists had assumed that individual faults—as well as isolated segments of longer faults—rupture independently of one another. That limits the maximum size of the potential earthquake that a fault zone can generate. But the magnitude-7.8 earthquake that struck New Zealand just after midnight on 14 November 2016—among the largest in the islands' modern history—has reduced that thinking to rubble. According to a new study, published online this week in Science, the heavy shaking in the Kaikoura quake was amassed by ruptures on at least 12 different faults, in some cases so far apart that they were thought to be immune to each other's influence. Author: Betsy Mason
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Optimized equivalent staggered-grid FD method for elastic wave modelling based on plane wave solutions (2017)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-07
    Description: In finite-difference (FD) method, numerical dispersion is the dominant factor influencing the accuracy of seismic modelling. Various optimized FD schemes for scalar wave modelling have been proposed to reduce grid dispersion, while the optimized time–space domain FD schemes for elastic wave modelling have not been fully investigated yet. In this paper, an optimized FD scheme with Equivalent Staggered Grid (ESG) for elastic modelling has been developed. We start from the constant P - and S -wave speed elastic wave equations and then deduce analytical plane wave solutions in the wavenumber domain with eigenvalue decomposition method. Based on the elastic plane wave solutions, three new time–space domain dispersion relations of ESG elastic modelling are obtained, which are represented by three equations corresponding to P -, S - and converted-wave terms in the elastic equations, respectively. By using these new relations, we can study the dispersion errors of different spatial FD terms independently. The dispersion analysis showed that different spatial FD terms have different errors. It is therefore suggested that different FD coefficients to be used to approximate the three spatial derivative terms. In addition, the relative dispersion error in L2-norm is minimized through optimizing FD coefficients using Newton's method. Synthetic examples have demonstrated that this new optimal FD schemes have superior accuracy for elastic wave modelling compared to Taylor-series expansion and optimized space domain FD schemes.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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    Bayesian inversion of seismic attributes for geological facies using a Hidden Markov Model (2017)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-07
    Description: Markov chain Monte-Carlo (McMC) sampling generates correlated random samples such that their distribution would converge to the true distribution only as the number of samples tends to infinity. In practice, McMC is found to be slow to converge, convergence is not guaranteed to be achieved in finite time, and detection of convergence requires the use of subjective criteria. Although McMC has been used for decades as the algorithm of choice for inference in complex probability distributions, there is a need to seek alternative approaches, particularly in high dimensional problems. Walker & Curtis ( 2014 ) developed a method for Bayesian inversion of 2-D spatial data using an exact sampling alternative to McMC which always draws independent samples of the target distribution. Their method thus obviates the need for convergence and removes the concomitant bias exhibited by finite sample sets. Their algorithm is nevertheless computationally intensive and requires large memory. We propose a more efficient method for Bayesian inversion of categorical variables, such as geological facies that requires no sampling at all. The method is based on a 2-D Hidden Markov Model (2D-HMM) over a grid of cells where observations represent localized data constraining each cell. The data in our example application are seismic attributes such as P - and S -wave impedances and rock density; our categorical variables are the hidden states and represent the geological rock types in each cell—facies of distinct subsets of lithology and fluid combinations such as shale, brine-sand and gas-sand. The observations at each location are assumed to be generated from a random function of the hidden state (facies) at that location, and to be distributed according to a certain probability distribution that is independent of hidden states at other locations – an assumption referred to as ‘localized likelihoods’. The hidden state (facies) at a location cannot be determined solely by the observation at that location as it also depends on prior information concerning the spatial distribution of other hidden states elsewhere. The prior information is included in the inversion in the form of a training image which represents a conceptual depiction of local geologies that might be expected, but other forms of prior information can be used in the method as desired. The method provides direct estimates of posterior marginal probability distributions over each variable, so these do not need to be estimated from samples such as in McMC. Nevertheless, in the case that samples are desired, these can be generated. On a 2-D test example the method is shown to outperform previous methods significantly, at a fraction of the computational cost. In many foreseeable applications there are therefore no serious impediments to extending the method to 3-D cases.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
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    A double-correlation tremor-location method (2017)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-07
    Description: A double-correlation method is introduced to locate tremor sources based on stacks of complex, doubly-correlated tremor records of multiple triplets of seismographs back projected to hypothetical source locations in a geographic grid. Peaks in the resulting stack of moduli are inferred source locations. The stack of the moduli is a robust measure of energy radiated from a point source or point sources even when the velocity information is imprecise. Application to real data shows how double correlation focuses the source mapping compared to the common single correlation approach. Synthetic tests demonstrate the robustness of the method and its resolution limitations which are controlled by the station geometry, the finite frequency of the signal, the quality of the used velocity information and noise level. Both random noise and signal or noise correlated at time shifts that are inconsistent with the assumed velocity structure can be effectively suppressed. Assuming a surface wave velocity, we can constrain the source location even if the surface wave component does not dominate. The method can also in principle be used with body waves in 3-D, although this requires more data and seismographs placed near the source for depth resolution.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
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    An orthorhombic representation of a heterogeneous medium for the finite-difference modelling of seismic wave propagation (2017)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-07
    Description: The possibility of applying one explicit finite-difference (FD) scheme to all interior grid points (points not lying on a grid border) no matter what their positions are with respect to the material interface is one of the key factors of the computational efficiency of the FD modelling. Smooth or discontinuous heterogeneity of the medium is accounted for only by values of the effective grid moduli and densities. Accuracy of modelling thus very much depends on how these effective grid parameters are evaluated. We present an orthorhombic representation of a heterogeneous medium for the FD modelling. We numerically demonstrate its superior accuracy. Compared to the harmonic-averaging representation the orthorhombic representation is more accurate mainly in the case of strong surface waves that are especially important in local surface sedimentary basins. The orthorhombic representation is applicable to modelling seismic wave propagation and earthquake motion in isotropic models with material interfaces and smooth heterogeneities using velocity–stress, displacement–stress and displacement FD schemes on staggered, partly staggered, Lebedev and collocated grids.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
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    [Perspective] Polynitrogen chemistry enters the ring (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-27
    Description: Polynitrogens have the potential for ultrahigh-performing explosives or propellants because singly or doubly bonded polynitrogens can decompose to triply bonded dinitrogen (N2) with an extraordinarily large energy release. The large energy content and relatively low activation energy toward decomposition makes the synthesis of a stable polynitrogen allotrope an extraordinary challenge. Many elements exist in different forms (allotropes)—for example, carbon can exist as graphite, diamond, buckyballs, or graphene. However, no stable neutral allotropes are known for nitrogen, and only two stable homonuclear polynitrogen ions had been isolated until now—namely, the N3− anion (1) and the N5+ cation (2). On page 374 of this issue, Zhang et al. (3) report the synthesis and characterization of the first stable salt of the cyclo-N5− anion, only the third stable homonuclear polynitrogen ion ever isolated. Author: Karl O. Christe
    Keywords: Inorganic Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Orienting ocean-bottom seismometers from P-wave and Rayleigh wave polarizations (2017)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-12
    Description: We present two independent, automated methods for estimating the absolute horizontal misorientation of seismic sensors. We apply both methods to 44 free-fall ocean-bottom seismometers (OBSs) of the RHUM-RUM experiment ( http://www.rhum-rum.net/ ). The techniques measure the 3-D directions of particle motion of (1) P -waves and (2) Rayleigh waves of earthquake recordings. For P -waves, we used a principal component analysis to determine the directions of particle motions (polarizations) in multiple frequency passbands. We correct for polarization deviations due to seismic anisotropy and dipping discontinuities using a simple fit equation, which yields significantly more accurate OBS orientations. For Rayleigh waves, we evaluated the degree of elliptical polarization in the vertical plane in the time and frequency domain. The results obtained for the RHUM-RUM OBS stations differed, on average, by 3.1° and 3.7° between the methods, using circular mean and median statistics, which is within the methods’ estimate uncertainties. Using P -waves, we obtained orientation estimates for 31 ocean-bottom seismometers with an average uncertainty (95 per cent confidence interval) of 11° per station. For 7 of these OBS, data coverage was sufficient to correct polarization measurements for underlying seismic anisotropy and dipping discontinuities, improving their average orientation uncertainty from 11° to 6° per station. Using Rayleigh waves, we obtained misorientation estimates for 40 OBS, with an average uncertainty of 16° per station. The good agreement of results obtained using the two methods indicates that they should also be useful for detecting misorientations of terrestrial seismic stations.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
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    Elastic and anelastic structure of the lowermost mantle beneath the Western Pacific from waveform inversion (2017)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-12
    Description: We investigate the elastic and anelastic structure of the lowermost mantle at the western edge of the Pacific large low shear velocity province (LLSVP) by inverting a collection of S and ScS waveforms. The transverse component data were obtained from F-net for 31 deep earthquakes beneath Tonga and Fiji, filtered between 12.5 and 200 s. We observe a regional variation of S and ScS arrival times and amplitude ratios, according to which we divide our region of interest into three subregions. For each of these subregions, we then perform 1-D (depth-dependent) waveform inversions simultaneously for radial profiles of shear wave velocity ( V S ) and seismic quality factor ( Q ). Models for all three subregions show low V S and low Q structures from 2000 km depth down to the core–mantle boundary. We further find that V S and Q in the central subregion, sampling the Caroline plume, are substantially lower than in the surrounding regions, whatever the depth. In the central subregion, V S -anomalies with respect to PREM (d V S ) and Q are about –2.5 per cent and 216 at a depth of 2850 km, and –0.6 per cent and 263 at a depth of 2000 km. By contrast, in the two other regions, d V S and Q are –2.2 per cent and 261 at a depth of 2850 km, and –0.3 per cent and 291 at a depth of 2000 km. At depths greater than ~2500 km, these differences may indicate lateral variations in temperature of ~100 K within the Pacific LLSVP. At shallower depths, they may be due to the temperature difference between the Caroline plume and its surroundings, and possibly to a small fraction of iron-rich material entrained by the plume.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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    Land seismic data of the ALPHA amphibious controlled source experiment - Datasets (2017)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-13
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Raw-, SEG-Y and other supplementary data of the landside deployment from the amphibious wide-angle seismic experiment ALPHA are presented. The aim of this project was to reveal the crustal and lithospheric structure of the subducting Adriatic plate and the external accretionary wedge in the southern Dinarides. Airgun shots from the RV Meteor were recorded along two profiles across Montenegro and northern Albania.
    Keywords: Seismology ; Adriatic Plate ; Montenegro ; Albania
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset , controlled source data
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    Supplementary data for SELASOMA Project, Madagascar 2012-2014 - Datasets (2017)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This dataset contains supplementary data concerning the SELASOMA project (GIPP-Project: Madagaskar; ID: 201204; FDSN-network code: ZE): (1) For stations with Cube data loggers, the raw data files are included. (2) For stations with EDL data loggers the log and auxiliary files are included. The main purpose of this dataset is to archive raw information on the timing quality, and to allow future use of alternative Cube-to-miniseed converters. Do not use this dataset if you are interested in continuous or event-based waveform data. Instead, refer to related dataset containing continuous waveforms . The dataset contains 1) log files for the stations with EDL data loggers (organized in sub-directories according to time range and station code); 2) separated MSEED-formatted data affected by some problems (organized in sub-directories according to time range and station code) and 3) raw CUBE-formatted data (organized in sub-directories according to time range and station name).
    Keywords: Seismology
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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    LFASE data transcription software CGG2ROSE2 version 1.1 : program report (2016)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Seismic data obtained using borehole seismometers during the LFASE experiment (Stephen et al, 1989; Koelsch et al, 1990) are retrieved from the seafloor instrument package and converted to a data format more suitable for analysis with existing computer systems. This report describes the computer program CGG2ROSE2 for converting LFASE optical disk files recorded in CGG format by the data acquisition computer into standard ROSE format data files on a VAX/VMS computer. CGG2ROSE2 provides features for rearranging LFASE data into smaller segments, making corrections to timing information, and replacing file header information.
    Keywords: Seismic arrays ; Seismology
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Working Paper
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    LFASE data processing system overview (2016)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: This technical report provides an overview of the LFASE data processing system. This software system is made up of over twenty-five programs which are used to acquire, reduce, and analyze acoustic seismic data collected during the Low Frequency Acoustic Seismic Experiment (LFASE) (Stephen et al, 1989; Koelsch et al, 1990). This report is directed at scientific and engineering personnel who wish to understand the overall LFASE data processing system as well as the individual processing procedures which are utilized during each stage of data reduction and interpretation. The report is also directed at programmers, data processors, technicians, and other individuals who plan to work with LFASE programs and data.
    Keywords: Seismic arrays ; Seismology
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Working Paper
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    Bottom array specifications for the low frequency acoustic seismic experiment (LFASE) (2016)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: The Low Frequency Acoustic Seismic Experiment (LFASE) was conducted to measure sound propagation and ambient noise above, at and below the sea floor. To this end an array consisting of four geophone nodes was introduced into a DSDP borehole. These seismic sensors were clamped inside the borehole at various depths below the ocean floor. The geophone array was connected by an electromechanical cable to a bottom reentry structure (BCU frame) housing the Data Recording Unit (DRU), the Data Telemetry Unit (DTU), the Bottom Control Unit (BCU) and the power supply.
    Description: Report prepared under Office of Naval Research Contracts #N00014-89-C-0018, N00014-89-J-1012 and Office of Naval Technology Contract #00014-90-C-0098, WHOI Project #13/1012
    Keywords: Seismic arrays ; Seismology ; Melville (Ship) Cruise HYDR01MV ; Melville (Ship) Cruise HYDR05MV ; Melville (Ship) Cruise HYDR09MV ; Melville (Ship) Cruise HYDR10MV
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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    Progress report on the development of the seafloor borehole array seismic system (phase II) : July 14, 1992 to January 31, 1996 (2016)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: The Seafloor Borehole Array Seismic System (SEABASS) was originally developed to record autonomously on the seafloor the signals received on a four-sonde three-component borehole geophone array in the VLF band (2-50Hz)(Stephen eta!., 1994). The system is designed to use the wireline re-entry capability (Spiess, 1993; Spiess eta!., 1992) to install and retrieve the seafloor instrumentation (Figures 1 and 2). Following the successful demonstration of this technology on the LFASE (Low Frequency Acoustic-Seismic Experiment) project in September 1989, it was decided to extend the capability to broadband (1000sec-5Hz) borehole seismometers which could be used for permanent seafloor seismic observatories in the Ocean Seismic Network (Orcutt and Stephen, 1993; Purdy and Dziewonski, 1988; Purdy and Orcutt, 1995; Stephen, 1995; Sutton and Barstow, 1990; Sutton eta!., 1988; Sutton eta!., 1965). The Broadband Borehole Seismic System (B3S2) is the prototype system for permanent broadband borehole seismic observatories on the seafloor. It has three major components: i) a broadband borehole seismometer, the Teledyne 54000, modified for seafloor operations by Scripps-IGPP; ii) the re-entry system provided by Scripps-MPL; and iii) the seafloor recording system developed by WHO I. Because of the similarity of the seafloor recording system to SEABASS we have named this new system SEABASS-ll. This report discusses the development of SEABASS-Il at WHOI in the period from July 14, 1992 to January 31, 1996. The motivation for the project and a work statement are contained in WHOI proposals 7016 and 7016.1. This report is a collection of documentation prepared while the work was being carried out. Some of the issues discussed in early memos were subsequently changed. Modifications and further testing of SEABASS-ll, as well as final system integration tests with the borehole andreentry systems (both of which are also still being modified and tested) have still to be carried out in preparation for the OSN Pilot Experiment Cruise in Spring 1997. This is a preliminary report only and presents work in progress. It will be useful to the engineering team as a historical reference of the sequence of events in the development of SEABASS-ll but it should not be considered as a technical manual for the instrumentation.
    Keywords: Seismology ; Borehole gravimetry ; Ocean bottom ; Oceanographic instruments
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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    Tests of the broadband borehole seismic system (B³S²) at Scripps IGPP and the Pinon Flat Observatory : October 1994 to June 1995 (2016)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The broadband borehole seismic system (B3S2) is being developed as one component of the Ocean Seismic Network (OSN) Pilot Experiment which will be carried out at the OSN-1 Site off Hawaii in Winter 1998. The other major instruments being developed for the experiment are a Broadband Ocean Bottom Seismometer and a Shallow Buried Broadband Ocean Bottom Seismometer. B3S2 consists of four major components: 1) a borehole sonde with a re-entry guide, Teledyne 54000 broadband seismometer, and REFTEK digitizing system, 2) a seafloor acquisition and recording system (SEABASS), 3) a control vehicle for deploying the sonde in a borehole, and 4) shipboard command and control electronics. The deployment system is very similar to the SEABASS configuration used on LFASE (Stephen eta!, 1994). The purposes of the tests at Pinon Flat were: 1) to integrate the borehole sonde and seafloor and shipboard electronics which had been constructed by different groups: WHOI and SIO/IGPP; 2) test the combined subsystem in a wet borehole environment using actual cables and simulating seafloor conditions; and 3) acquire seismic ambient noise and earthquake data over approximately a three month period for comparison with known stations at the Pinon Flat Observatory.
    Description: This work was carried out under NSF Grants No. OCE-91-18943 and OCE No. OCE-95-05730: "A Broadband Borehole Seismometer for the Deep Ocean - Development and Land Testing"
    Keywords: Seismology ; Borehole gravity meters ; Ocean bottom ; Oceanographic instruments
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Working Paper
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    LFASE borehole array data acquisition and reduction summary (2016)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: On the Low Frequency Acoustic - Seismic Experiment (LFASE), carried out at DSDP hole 534A in August, 1989, WHOI was responsible for acquiring data from a twelve channel borehole seismic array. Data were acquired both on-board while tethered to the array and autonomously in a seafloor package. Seismic source data (explosives and airguns) and ambient noise data were recorded. This report describes the nature of data acquired, reviews the data reduction procedure from field format to ROSE data format, and includes examples of the data. A total of918.6 Mbytes of data were acquired (769 Mbytes in the shipboard recording mode and 149.6 Mbytes in the seafloor recording mode). Approximately 85 explosive shots, 2000 airgun shots, and 10 hours of ambient noise data were recorded.
    Keywords: Seismic arrays ; Seismology
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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    Earth's free oscillations excited by the 2011 Tohoku Mw 9.0 earthquake detected with a groundwater level array in mainland China (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-13
    Description: Earth's free oscillations excited by a mega-thrust earthquake were observed by a continent-scale array of groundwater monitoring sites for the first time. After the occurrence of the 2011 Tohoku M w 9.0 earthquake, water level records at 43 out of 216 wells in the China mainland revealed long-period free oscillation signals. In the time domain, these free oscillations exhibit globe circling Rayleigh surface waves. In some single wells, even the globe-circling Rayleigh wave R7 was visible, which travels three times around the Earth after the first arrival and appears about 10 hr after the earthquake occurrence in the present case. The spectral analysis shows that the principal oscillatory fluctuations seen in the water level records correspond to the spheroidal modes 0 S l ( l  = 2–31 for frequencies between 0.3 and 5.0 mHz) of the Earth's free oscillation. Especially at quiet sites, the spheroidal modes at very low frequencies (〈1.5 mHz) can be identified with high signal-to-noise ratios. Using signal enhancement methods (product spectrum over 43 wells), even the gravest modes of these oscillations can be detected. The results suggest that groundwater level arrays can be considered as a low-cost complementary tool to study the Earth's free oscillations excited by great earthquakes. Additionally, the site-specific aquifer response may provide further insight into local hydrogeological conditions.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
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    Estimation of dynamic friction of the Akatani landslide from seismic waveform inversion and numerical simulation (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-13
    Description: We performed numerical simulations of the 2011 deep-seated Akatani landslide in central Japan to understand the dynamic evolution of friction of the landslide. By comparing the forces obtained from numerical simulation to those resolved from seismic waveform inversion, the coefficient of the friction during sliding was investigated in the range of 0.1–0.4. The simulation assuming standard Coulomb friction shows that the forces obtained by the seismic waveform inversion are well explained using a constant friction of μ = 0.3. A small difference between the residuals of Coulomb simulation and a velocity-dependent simulation suggests that the coefficient of friction over the volume is well constrained as 0.3 most of time during sliding. It suggests the sudden loss of shearing resistance at the onset of sliding, that is, sudden drop of the initial coefficient of friction in our model, which accelerates the deep-seated landslide. Our numerical simulation calibrated by seismic data provides the evolution of dynamic friction with a reasonable resolution in time, which is difficult to obtain from a conventional runout simulation, or seismic waveform inversion alone.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
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    Anelastic sensitivity kernels with parsimonious storage for adjoint tomography and full waveform inversion (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-13
    Description: We introduce a technique to compute exact anelastic sensitivity kernels in the time domain using parsimonious disk storage. The method is based on a reordering of the time loop of time-domain forward/adjoint wave propagation solvers combined with the use of a memory buffer. It avoids instabilities that occur when time-reversing dissipative wave propagation simulations. The total number of required time steps is unchanged compared to usual acoustic or elastic approaches. The cost is reduced by a factor of 4/3 compared to the case in which anelasticity is partially accounted for by accommodating the effects of physical dispersion. We validate our technique by performing a test in which we compare the K α sensitivity kernel to the exact kernel obtained by saving the entire forward calculation. This benchmark confirms that our approach is also exact. We illustrate the importance of including full attenuation in the calculation of sensitivity kernels by showing significant differences with physical-dispersion-only kernels.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
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    Two-dimensional time-domain finite-difference modeling for viscoelastic seismic wave propagation (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-13
    Description: Real Earth media are not perfectly elastic. Instead, they attenuate propagating mechanical waves. This anelastic phenomenon in wave propagation can be modeled by a viscoelastic mechanical model consisting of several standard linear solids. Using this viscoelastic model, we approximate a constant Q over a frequency band of interest. We use a four-element viscoelastic model with a trade-off between accuracy and computational costs to incorporate Q into 2-D time-domain first-order velocity–stress wave equations. To improve the computational efficiency, we limit the Q in the model to a list of discrete values between 2 and 1000. The related stress and strain relaxation times that characterize the viscoelastic model are pre-calculated and stored in a database for use by the finite-difference calculation. A viscoelastic finite-difference scheme that is second order in time and fourth order in space is developed based on the MacCormack algorithm. The new method is validated by comparing the numerical result with analytical solutions that are calculated using the generalized reflection/transmission coefficient method. The synthetic seismograms exhibit greater than 95 per cent consistency in a two-layer viscoelastic model. The dispersion generated from the simulation is consistent with the Kolsky–Futterman dispersion relationship.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
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    The Showa Sanriku earthquake of 1933 March 2: a global seismological reassessment (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-13
    Description: After 83 yr, the great normal-faulting earthquake of 1933 March 2, which took place off the Japan Trench and produced a devastating tsunami on the Sanriku coast and damaging waves in Hawaii, remains the largest recorded normal-faulting earthquake. This study uses advanced methods to investigate this event using far-field seismological and tsunami data and complements a sister study by Uchida et al. which used exclusively arrival times at Japanese stations. Our relocation of the main shock (39.22°N, 144.45°E, with a poorly constrained depth of less than 40 km) places it in the outer trench slope, below a seafloor depth of ~6500 m, in a region of horst-and-graben structure, with fault scarps approximately parallel to the axis of the Japan Trench. Relocated aftershocks show a band of genuine shallow aftershocks parallel to the Japan Trench under the outer trench slope and a region of post-mainshock events landward of the trench axis that occur over roughly the same latitude range and are thought to be the result of stress transfer to the interplate thrust boundary following the normal-faulting rupture. Based on a combination of P -wave first motions and inversion of surface wave spectral amplitudes, we propose a normal-faulting focal mechanism ( = 200°, = 61° and = 271°) and a seismic moment M 0 = (7 ± 1) x 10 28 dyn cm ( M w = 8.5). A wide variety of data, including the distribution of isoseismals, the large magnitudes (up to 8.9) proposed by early investigators before the standardization of magnitude scales, estimates of energy-to-moment ratios and the tentative identification of a T wave at Pasadena (and possibly Riverside), clearly indicate that this seismic source was exceptionally rich in high-frequency wave energy, suggesting a large apparent stress and a sharp rise time, and consistent with the behaviour of many smaller shallow normal-faulting earthquakes. Hydrodynamic simulations based on a range of possible sources consistent with the above findings, including a compound rupture on two opposite-facing normal-faulting segments, are in satisfactory agreement with tsunami observations in Hawaii, where run-up reached 3 m, causing significant damage. This study emphasizes the need to include off-trench normal-faulting earthquake sources in global assessments of tsunami hazards emanating from the subduction of old and cold plates, whose total length of trenches exceed 20 000 km, even though only a handful of great such events are known with confidence in the instrumental record.
    Keywords: Seismology
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    3-D P- and S-wave velocity structure and low-frequency earthquake locations in the Parkfield, California region (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-15
    Description: To refine the 3-D seismic velocity model in the greater Parkfield, California region, a new data set including regular earthquakes, shots, quarry blasts and low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs) was assembled. Hundreds of traces of each LFE family at two temporary arrays were stacked with time–frequency domain phase weighted stacking method to improve signal-to-noise ratio. We extend our model resolution to lower crustal depth with LFE data. Our result images not only previously identified features but also low velocity zones (LVZs) in the area around the LFEs and the lower crust beneath the southern Rinconada Fault. The former LVZ is consistent with high fluid pressure that can account for several aspects of LFE behaviour. The latter LVZ is consistent with a high conductivity zone in magnetotelluric studies. A new Vs model was developed with S picks that were obtained with a new autopicker. At shallow depth, the low Vs areas underlie the strongest shaking areas in the 2004 Parkfield earthquake. We relocate LFE families and analyse the location uncertainties with the NonLinLoc and tomoDD codes. The two methods yield similar results.
    Keywords: Seismology
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    Topics: Geosciences
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    Simultaneous denoising and reconstruction of 5-D seismic data via damped rank-reduction method (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-20
    Description: The Cadzow rank-reduction method can be effectively utilized in simultaneously denoising and reconstructing 5-D seismic data that depend on four spatial dimensions. The classic version of Cadzow rank-reduction method arranges the 4-D spatial data into a level-four block Hankel/Toeplitz matrix and then applies truncated singular value decomposition (TSVD) for rank reduction. When the observed data are extremely noisy, which is often the feature of real seismic data, traditional TSVD cannot be adequate for attenuating the noise and reconstructing the signals. The reconstructed data tend to contain a significant amount of residual noise using the traditional TSVD method, which can be explained by the fact that the reconstructed data space is a mixture of both signal subspace and noise subspace. In order to better decompose the block Hankel matrix into signal and noise components, we introduced a damping operator into the traditional TSVD formula, which we call the damped rank-reduction method. The damped rank-reduction method can obtain a perfect reconstruction performance even when the observed data have extremely low signal-to-noise ratio. The feasibility of the improved 5-D seismic data reconstruction method was validated via both 5-D synthetic and field data examples. We presented comprehensive analysis of the data examples and obtained valuable experience and guidelines in better utilizing the proposed method in practice. Since the proposed method is convenient to implement and can achieve immediate improvement, we suggest its wide application in the industry.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
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    Topics: Geosciences
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    Dynamic transverse shear modulus for a heterogeneous fluid-filled porous solid containing cylindrical inclusions (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-21
    Description: An exact analytical solution is presented for the effective dynamic transverse shear modulus in a heterogeneous fluid-filled porous solid containing cylindrical inclusions. The complex and frequency-dependent properties of the dynamic shear modulus are caused by the physical mechanism of mesoscopic-scale wave-induced fluid flow whose scale is smaller than wavelength but larger than the size of pores. Our model consists of three phases: a long cylindrical inclusion, a cylindrical shell of poroelastic matrix material with different mechanical and/or hydraulic properties than the inclusion and an outer region of effective homogeneous medium of laterally infinite extent. The behavior of both the inclusion and the matrix is described by Biot's consolidation equations, whereas the surrounding effective medium which is used to describe the effective transverse shear properties of the inner poroelastic composite is assumed to be a viscoelastic solid whose complex transverse shear modulus needs to be determined. The determined effective transverse shear modulus is used to quantify the S -wave attenuation and velocity dispersion in heterogeneous fluid-filled poroelastic rocks. The calculation shows the relaxation frequency and relative position of various fluid saturation dispersion curves predicted by this study exhibit very good agreement with those of a previous 2-D finite-element simulation. For the double-porosity model (inclusions having a different solid frame than the matrix but the same pore fluid as the matrix) the effective shear modulus also exhibits a size-dependent characteristic that the relaxation frequency moves to lower frequencies by two orders of magnitude if the radius of the cylindrical poroelastic composite increases by one order of magnitude. For the patchy-saturation model (inclusions having the same solid frame as the matrix but with a different pore fluid from the matrix), the heterogeneity in pore fluid cannot cause any attenuation in the transverse shear modulus at all. A comparison with the case of spherical inclusions illustrates that the transverse shear modulus for the cylindrical inclusion exhibits more S -wave attenuation than spherical inclusions.
    Keywords: Seismology
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    Topics: Geosciences
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    Ray-theoretical modeling of secondary microseism P waves (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-24
    Description: Secondary microseism sources are pressure fluctuations close to the ocean surface. They generate acoustic P waves that propagate in water down to the ocean bottom where they are partly reflected and partly transmitted into the crust to continue their propagation through the Earth. We present the theory for computing the displacement power spectral density of secondary microseism P waves recorded by receivers in the far field. In the frequency domain, the P -wave displacement can be modeled as the product of (1) the pressure source, (2) the source site effect that accounts for the constructive interference of multiply reflected P waves in the ocean, (3) the propagation from the ocean bottom to the stations and (4) the receiver site effect. Secondary microseism P waves have weak amplitudes, but they can be investigated by beamforming analysis. We validate our approach by analysing the seismic signals generated by typhoon Ioke (2006) and recorded by the Southern California Seismic Network. Backprojecting the beam onto the ocean surface enables to follow the source motion. The observed beam centroid is in the vicinity of the pressure source derived from the ocean wave model WAVEWATCH III R . The pressure source is then used for modeling the beam and a good agreement is obtained between measured and modeled beam amplitude variation over time. This modeling approach can be used to invert P -wave noise data and retrieve the source intensity and lateral extent.
    Keywords: Seismology
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    Topics: Geosciences
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    A new source discriminant based on frequency dispersion for hydroacoustic phases recorded by T-phase stations (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-24
    Description: In the context of the verification of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test Ban Treaty in the marine environment, we present a new discriminant based on the empirical observation that hydroacoustic phases recorded at T -phase stations from explosive sources in the water column feature a systematic inverse dispersion, with lower frequencies traveling slower, which is absent from signals emanating from earthquake sources. This difference is present even in the case of the so-called ‘hotspot earthquakes’ occurring inside volcanic edifices featuring steep slopes leading to efficient seismic–acoustic conversions, which can lead to misidentification of such events as explosions when using more classical duration-amplitude discriminants. We propose an algorithm for the compensation of the effect of dispersion over the hydroacoustic path based on a correction to the spectral phase of the ground velocity recorded by the T -phase station, computed individually from the dispersion observed on each record. We show that the application of a standard amplitude-duration algorithm to the resulting compensated time-series satisfactorily identifies records from hotspot earthquakes as generated by dislocation sources, and present a full algorithm, lending itself to automation, for the discrimination of explosive and earthquake sources of hydroacoustic signals at T -phase stations. The only sources not readily identifiable consist of a handful of complex explosions which occurred in the 1970s, believed to involve the testing of advanced weaponry, and which should be independently identifiable through routine vetting by analysts. While we presently cannot provide a theoretical justification to the observation that only explosive sources generate dispersed T phases, we hint that this probably reflects a simpler, and more coherent distribution of acoustic energy among the various modes constituting the wave train, than in the case of dislocation sources embedded in the solid Earth.
    Keywords: Seismology
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    Topics: Geosciences
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    3-D shear wave velocity model of Mexico and South US: bridging seismic networks with ambient noise cross-correlations (C1) and correlation of coda of correlations (C3) (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-25
    Description: This work presents an innovative strategy to enhance the resolution of surface wave tomography obtained from ambient noise cross-correlation ( C 1 ) by bridging asynchronous seismic networks through the correlation of coda of correlations ( C 3 ). Rayleigh wave group dispersion curves show consistent results between synchronous and asynchronous stations. Rayleigh wave group traveltimes are inverted to construct velocity–period maps with unprecedented resolution for a region covering Mexico and the southern United States. The resulting period maps are then used to regionalize dispersion curves in order to obtain local 1-D shear velocity models ( V S ) of the crust and uppermost mantle in every cell of a grid of 0.4°. The 1-D structures are obtained by iteratively adding layers until reaching a given misfit, and a global tomography model is considered as an input for depths below 150 km. Finally, a high-resolution 3-D V S model is obtained from these inversions. The major structures observed in the 3-D model are in agreement with the tectonic-geodynamic features and with previous regional and local studies. It also offers new insights to understand the present and past tectonic evolution of the region.
    Keywords: Seismology
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    Topics: Geosciences
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    Non-linear waveform analysis for water-layer response and its application to high-frequency receiver function analysis using OBS array (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-29
    Description: Determination of a response of the sea water column to teleseismic plane wave is important to suppress adverse effects of water reverberations in calculating receiver functions (RFs) using ocean-bottom seismometer (OBS) records. We present a novel non-linear waveform analysis method using the simulated annealing algorithm to determine such a water-layer response recorded by an OBS array. We then demonstrate its usefulness for the RF estimation through its application to synthetic and observed data. Synthetic experiments suggest that the water-layer response constrained in this way has a potential to improve RFs of OBS records drastically even in the high-frequency range (to 4 Hz). By applying it to data observed by the OBS array around the Kii Peninsula, southwestern Japan, we identified a low-velocity zone at the top of the subducting Philippine Sea plate. This zone may represent the incoming fluid-rich sediment layer that has been reported by active-source seismic survey.
    Keywords: Seismology
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    Topics: Geosciences
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    Seismic features and automatic discrimination of deep and shallow induced-microearthquakes using neural network and logistic regression (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-05
    Description: We develop an automated strategy for discriminating deep microseismic events from shallow ones on the basis of the waveforms recorded on a limited number of surface receivers. Machine-learning techniques are employed to explore the relationship between event hypocentres and seismic features of the recorded signals in time, frequency and time–frequency domains. We applied the technique to 440 microearthquakes –1.7 〈  M w  〈 1.29, induced by an underground cavern collapse in the Napoleonville Salt Dome in Bayou Corne, Louisiana. Forty different seismic attributes of whole seismograms including degree of polarization and spectral attributes were measured. A selected set of features was then used to train the system to discriminate between deep and shallow events based on the knowledge gained from existing patterns. The cross-validation test showed that events with depth shallower than 250 m can be discriminated from events with hypocentral depth between 1000 and 2000 m with 88 per cent and 90.7 per cent accuracy using logistic regression and artificial neural network models, respectively. Similar results were obtained using single station seismograms. The results show that the spectral features have the highest correlation to source depth. Spectral centroids and 2-D cross-correlations in the time–frequency domain are two new seismic features used in this study that showed to be promising measures for seismic event classification. The used machine-learning techniques have application for efficient automatic classification of low energy signals recorded at one or more seismic stations.
    Keywords: Seismology
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    Topics: Geosciences
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    Finite frequency effects on apparent S-wave splitting in the D'' layer: comparison between ray theory and full-wave synthetics (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-05
    Description: We conduct a numerical experiment to investigate potential bias in measurements of S -wave splitting (apparent differences between the arrival times of SH and SV phases) for waves propagating close to the core–mantle boundary (CMB) in the D'' layer. The bias is defined as the discrepancy between shear wave splitting measured from finite frequency synthetic seismograms (‘apparent splitting’) and the splitting predicted by ray theory, which is a high-frequency approximation. For simple isotropic models, we find biases which are typically between 0.5 and 4 s, depending on the model, the Q structure and the dominant period of the synthetics. The bias increases for lower frequencies or lower Q values. The epicentral distance at which the bias starts depends on the frequency and the Q structure. We also compute synthetics for models based on mineral physics (using the elastic constants under lower-mantle pressure and temperature conditions, taking into account the phase transition from Mg-perovskite to Mg-post-perovskite) and geodynamics (the thermal boundary layer) and find that the depth of the positive velocity jump associated with the phase transition and the depth range over which the velocity decreases (due to temperature increases) in the thermal boundary layer significantly influence the wavefield in the lowermost mantle. For example, in cold regions beneath subduction zones, wavefields for SH and SV differ greatly due to the steep velocity decrease close to the CMB. For complex models, apparent splitting can also arise from the possibility that low amplitude direct phases might be overlooked, and larger amplitude later phases might instead incorrectly be picked as the direct arrival. Biases of the type investigated in this study combine with other sources of uncertainty for splitting in D'' (e.g. the correction for upper-mantle anisotropy and the difference between SH and SV ray paths) to make a precise evaluation of the anisotropy in D'' difficult.
    Keywords: Seismology
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    Topics: Geosciences
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    Structure of the Los Angeles Basin from ambient noise and receiver functions (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-16
    Description: A velocity ( Vs ) and structure model is derived for the Los Angeles Basin, California based on ambient-noise surface wave and receiver-function analysis, using data from a low-cost, short-duration, dense broad-band survey (LASSIE) deployed across the basin. The shear wave velocities show lateral variations at the Compton-Los Alamitos and the Whittier Faults. The basement beneath the Puente Hills–San Gabriel Valley shows an unusually high velocity (~4.0 km s –1 ) and indicates the presence of schist. The structure of the model shows that the basin is a maximum of 8 km deep along the profile and that the Moho rises to a depth of 17 km under the basin. The basin has a stretch factor of 2.6 in the centre grading to 1.3 at the edges and is in approximate isostatic equilibrium.
    Keywords: Seismology
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    Full moment tensors for small events (Mw 〈 3) at Uturuncu volcano, Bolivia (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-01
    Description: We present a catalogue of full seismic moment tensors for 63 events from Uturuncu volcano in Bolivia. The events were recorded during 2011–2012 in the PLUTONS seismic array of 24 broad-band stations. Most events had magnitudes between 0.5 and 2.0 and did not generate discernible surface waves; the largest event was M w 2.8. For each event we computed the misfit between observed and synthetic waveforms, and we used first-motion polarity measurements to reduce the number of possible solutions. Each moment tensor solution was obtained using a grid search over the 6-D space of moment tensors. For each event, we show the misfit function in eigenvalue space, represented by a lune. We identify three subsets of the catalogue: (1) six isotropic events, (2) five tensional crack events, and (3) a swarm of 14 events southeast of the volcanic centre that appear to be double couples. The occurrence of positively isotropic events is consistent with other published results from volcanic and geothermal regions. Several of these previous results, as well as our results, cannot be interpreted within the context of either an oblique opening crack or a crack-plus-double-couple model. Proper characterization of uncertainties for full moment tensors is critical for distinguishing among physical models of source processes.
    Keywords: Seismology
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    Topics: Geosciences
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    Effective finite-difference modelling methods with 2-D acoustic wave equation using a combination of cross and rhombus stencils (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-02
    Description: The 2-D acoustic wave equation is commonly solved numerically by finite-difference (FD) methods in which the accuracy of solution is significantly affected by the FD stencils. The commonly used cross stencil can reach either only second-order accuracy for space domain dispersion-relation-based FD method or (2 M )th-order accuracy along eight specific propagation directions for time–space domain dispersion-relation-based FD method, if the conventional (2 M )th-order spatial FD and second-order temporal FD are used to discretize the equation. One other newly developed rhombus stencil can reach arbitrary even-order accuracy. However, this stencil adds significantly to computational cost when the operator length is large. To achieve a balance between the solution accuracy and efficiency, we develop a new FD stencil to solve the 2-D acoustic wave equation. This stencil is a combination of the cross stencil and rhombus stencil. A cross stencil with an operator length parameter M is used to approximate the spatial partial derivatives while a rhombus stencil with an operator length parameter N together with the conventional second-order temporal FD is employed in approximating the temporal partial derivatives. Using this stencil, a new FD scheme is developed; we demonstrate that this scheme can reach (2 M )th-order accuracy in space and (2 N )th-order accuracy in time when spatial FD coefficients and temporal FD coefficients are derived from respective dispersion relation using Taylor-series expansion (TE) method. To further increase the accuracy, we derive the FD coefficients by employing the time–space domain dispersion relation of this FD scheme using TE. We also use least-squares (LS) optimization method to reduce dispersion at high wavenumbers. Dispersion analysis, stability analysis and modelling examples demonstrate that our new scheme has greater accuracy and better stability than conventional FD schemes, and thus can adopt large time steps. To reduce the extra computational cost resulting from adopting the new stencil, we apply the variable spatial operator length schemes. Adopting our new FD scheme, characterized by new stencil, LS-based optimization, variable operator lengths and larger time step, modelling efficiency is significantly improved.
    Keywords: Seismology
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    Improved inversion algorithms for near-surface characterization (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-08
    Description: Near-surface geophysical imaging is often performed by generating surface waves, and estimating the subsurface properties through inversion, that is, iteratively matching experimentally observed dispersion curves with predicted curves from a layered half-space model of the subsurface. Key to the effectiveness of inversion is the efficiency and accuracy of computing the dispersion curves and their derivatives. This paper presents improved methodologies for both dispersion curve and derivative computation. First, it is shown that the dispersion curves can be computed more efficiently by combining an unconventional complex-length finite element method (CFEM) to model the finite depth layers, with perfectly matched discrete layers (PMDL) to model the unbounded half-space. Second, based on analytical derivatives for theoretical dispersion curves, an approximate derivative is derived for the so-called effective dispersion curve for realistic geophysical surface response data. The new derivative computation has a smoothing effect on the computation of derivatives, in comparison with traditional finite difference (FD) approach, and results in faster convergence. In addition, while the computational cost of FD differentiation is proportional to the number of model parameters, the new differentiation formula has a computational cost that is almost independent of the number of model parameters. At the end, as confirmed by synthetic and real-life imaging examples, the combination of CFEM + PMDL for dispersion calculation and the new differentiation formula results in more accurate estimates of the subsurface characteristics than the traditional methods, at a small fraction of computational effort.
    Keywords: Seismology
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    Aftershock seismicity and tectonic setting of the 2015 September 16 Mw 8.3 Illapel earthquake, Central Chile (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-08
    Description: Powerful subduction zone earthquakes rupture thousands of square kilometres along continental margins but at certain locations earthquake rupture terminates. To date, detailed knowledge of the parameters that govern seismic rupture and aftershocks is still incomplete. On 2015 September 16, the M w 8.3 Illapel earthquake ruptured a 200 km long stretch of the Central Chilean subduction zone, triggering a tsunami and causing significant damage. Here, we analyse the temporal and spatial pattern of the coseismic rupture and aftershocks in relation to the tectonic setting in the earthquake area. Aftershocks cluster around the area of maximum coseismic slip, in particular in lateral and downdip direction. During the first 24 hr after the main shock, aftershocks migrated in both lateral directions with velocities of approximately 2.5 and 5 km hr –1 . At the southern rupture boundary, aftershocks cluster around individual subducted seamounts that are related to the downthrusting Juan Fernández Ridge. In the northern part of the rupture area, aftershocks separate into an upper cluster (above 25 km depth) and a lower cluster (below 35 km depth). This dual seismic–aseismic transition in downdip direction is also observed in the interseismic period suggesting that it may represent a persistent feature for the Central Chilean subduction zone.
    Keywords: Seismology
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    [Book Review] Aftershocks (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-08
    Description: Traditionally, when scientists discuss earthquakes, we talk about geology and seismology, infrastructure and engineering, as well as management strategies for minimizing human and material losses. Nevertheless, the study of an earthquake's effect on the social and cultural elements of a community can help us understand how different societies have evolved and adapted over time and how cities have built up their relative capacity to withstand future large seismic events. In fact, as Andrew Robinson describes in his new book, Earth-Shattering Events, the effects of an earthquake can reverberate throughout a society's identity. In some cases, they have played a catalyzing role in the evolution of urban and architectural style and have irrevocably altered the communities in question. Author: Sebastiano D'Amico
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Full waveform inversion with an auxiliary bump functional (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-22
    Description: Least-squares inversion of seismic arrivals can provide remarkably detailed models of the Earth's subsurface. However, cycle skipping associated with these oscillatory arrivals is the main cause for local minima in the least-squares objective function. Therefore, it is often difficult for descent methods to converge to the solution without an accurate initial large-scale velocity estimate. The low frequencies in the arrivals, needed to update the large-scale components in the velocity model, are usually unreliable or absent. To overcome this difficulty, we propose a multi-objective inversion scheme that uses the conventional least-squares functional along with an auxiliary data-domain objective. As the auxiliary objective effectively replaces the seismic arrivals by bumps, we call it the bump functional. The bump functional minimization can be made far less sensitive to cycle skipping and can deal with multiple arrivals in the data. However, it can only be used as an auxiliary objective since it usually does not provide a unique model after minimization even when the regularized-least-squares functional has a unique global minimum and hence a unique solution. The role of the bump functional during the multi-objective inversion is to guide the optimization towards the global minimum by pulling the trapped solution out of the local minima associated with the least-squares functional whenever necessary. The computational complexity of the bump functional is equivalent to that of the least-squares functional. In this paper, we describe various characteristics of the bump functional using simple and illustrative numerical examples. We also demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed multi-objective inversion scheme by considering more realistic examples. These include synthetic and field data from a cross-well experiment, surface-seismic synthetic data with reflections and synthetic data with refracted arrivals at long offsets.
    Keywords: Seismology
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    Topics: Geosciences
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    Solving probabilistic inverse problems rapidly with prior samples (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-05
    Description: Owing to the increasing availability of computational resources, in recent years the probabilistic solution of non-linear, geophysical inverse problems by means of sampling methods has become increasingly feasible. Nevertheless, we still face situations in which a Monte Carlo approach is not practical. This is particularly true in cases where the evaluation of the forward problem is computationally intensive or where inversions have to be carried out repeatedly or in a timely manner, as in natural hazards monitoring tasks such as earthquake early warning. Here, we present an alternative to Monte Carlo sampling, in which inferences are entirely based on a set of prior samples—that is, samples that have been obtained independent of a particular observed datum. This has the advantage that the computationally expensive sampling stage becomes separated from the inversion stage, and the set of prior samples—once obtained—can be reused for repeated evaluations of the inverse mapping without additional computational effort. This property is useful if the problem is such that repeated inversions of independent data have to be carried out. We formulate the inverse problem in a Bayesian framework and present a practical way to make posterior inferences based on a set of prior samples. We compare the prior sampling based approach to a Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach that samples from the posterior probability distribution. We show results for both a toy example, and a realistic seismological source parameter estimation problem. We find that the posterior uncertainty estimates obtained based on prior sampling can be considered conservative estimates of the uncertainties obtained by directly sampling from the posterior distribution.
    Keywords: Seismology
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    The mantle transition zone beneath the Afar Depression and adjacent regions: implications for mantle plumes and hydration (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-05
    Description: The Afar Depression and its adjacent areas are underlain by an upper mantle marked by some of the world's largest negative velocity anomalies, which are frequently attributed to the thermal influences of a lower-mantle plume. In spite of numerous studies, however, the existence of a plume beneath the area remains enigmatic, partially due to inadequate quantities of broad-band seismic data and the limited vertical resolution at the mantle transition zone (MTZ) depth of the techniques employed by previous investigations. In this study, we use an unprecedented quantity (over 14 500) of P -to- S receiver functions (RFs) recorded by 139 stations from 12 networks to image the 410 and 660 km discontinuities and map the spatial variation of the thickness of the MTZ. Non-linear stacking of the RFs under a 1-D velocity model shows robust P -to- S conversions from both discontinuities, and their apparent depths indicate the presence of an upper-mantle low-velocity zone beneath the entire study area. The Afar Depression and the northern Main Ethiopian Rift are characterized by an apparent 40–60 km depression of both MTZ discontinuities and a normal MTZ thickness. The simplest and most probable interpretation of these observations is that the apparent depressions are solely caused by velocity perturbations in the upper mantle and not by deeper processes causing temperature or hydration anomalies within the MTZ. Thickening of the MTZ on the order of 15 km beneath the southern Arabian Plate, southern Red Sea and western Gulf of Aden, which comprise the southward extension of the Afro-Arabian Dome, could reflect long-term hydration of the MTZ. A 20 km thinning of the MTZ beneath the western Ethiopian Plateau is observed and interpreted as evidence for a possible mantle plume stem originating from the lower mantle.
    Keywords: Seismology
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    Quantification of source uncertainties in Seismic Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Analysis (SPTHA) (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-05
    Description: We propose a procedure for uncertainty quantification in Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Analysis (PTHA), with a special emphasis on the uncertainty related to statistical modelling of the earthquake source in Seismic PTHA (SPTHA), and on the separate treatment of subduction and crustal earthquakes (treated as background seismicity). An event tree approach and ensemble modelling are used in spite of more classical approaches, such as the hazard integral and the logic tree. This procedure consists of four steps: (1) exploration of aleatory uncertainty through an event tree, with alternative implementations for exploring epistemic uncertainty; (2) numerical computation of tsunami generation and propagation up to a given offshore isobath; (3) (optional) site-specific quantification of inundation; (4) simultaneous quantification of aleatory and epistemic uncertainty through ensemble modelling. The proposed procedure is general and independent of the kind of tsunami source considered; however, we implement step 1, the event tree, specifically for SPTHA, focusing on seismic source uncertainty. To exemplify the procedure, we develop a case study considering seismic sources in the Ionian Sea (central-eastern Mediterranean Sea), using the coasts of Southern Italy as a target zone. The results show that an efficient and complete quantification of all the uncertainties is feasible even when treating a large number of potential sources and a large set of alternative model formulations. We also find that (i) treating separately subduction and background (crustal) earthquakes allows for optimal use of available information and for avoiding significant biases; (ii) both subduction interface and crustal faults contribute to the SPTHA, with different proportions that depend on source-target position and tsunami intensity; (iii) the proposed framework allows sensitivity and deaggregation analyses, demonstrating the applicability of the method for operational assessments.
    Keywords: Seismology
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    Receiver functions using OBS data: promises and limitations from numerical modelling and examples from the Cascadia Initiative (2016)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2016-05-05
    Description: The expanding fleet of broad-band ocean-bottom seismograph (OBS) stations is facilitating the study of the structure and seismicity of oceanic plates at regional scales. For continental studies, an important tool to characterize continental crust and mantle structure is the analysis of teleseismic P receiver functions. In the oceans, however, receiver functions potentially suffer from several limiting factors that are unique to ocean sites and plate structures. In this study, we model receiver functions for a variety of oceanic lithospheric structures to investigate the possibilities and limitations of receiver functions using OBS data. Several potentially contaminating effects are examined, including pressure reverberations from the water column for various ocean-floor depths and the effects of a layer of low-velocity marine sediments. These modelling results indicate that receiver functions from OBS data are difficult to interpret in the presence of marine sediments, but shallow-water sites in subduction zone forearcs may be suitable for constraining various crustal elements around the locked megathrust fault. We propose using a complementary approach based on transfer function modelling combined with a grid search approach that bypasses receiver functions altogether and estimates model properties directly from minimally processed waveforms. Using real data examples from the Cascadia Initiative, we show how receiver and transfer functions can be used to infer seismic properties of the oceanic plate in both shallow (Cascadia forearc) and deep (Juan de Fuca Ridge) ocean settings.
    Keywords: Seismology
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    Indirect boundary element method to simulate elastic wave propagation in piecewise irregular and flat regions (2016)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2016-05-07
    Description: A new implementation of indirect boundary element method allows simulating the elastic wave propagation in complex configurations made of embedded regions that are homogeneous with irregular boundaries or flat layers. In an older implementation, each layer of a flat layered region would have been treated as a separated homogeneous region without taking into account the flat boundary information. For both types of regions, the scattered field results from fictitious sources positioned along their boundaries. For the homogeneous regions, the fictitious sources emit as in a full-space and the wave field is given by analytical Green's functions. For flat layered regions, fictitious sources emit as in an unbounded flat layered region and the wave field is given by Green's functions obtained from the discrete wavenumber (DWN) method. The new implementation allows then reducing the length of the discretized boundaries but DWN Green's functions require much more computation time than the full-space Green's functions. Several optimization steps are then implemented and commented. Validations are presented for 2-D and 3-D problems. Higher efficiency is achieved in 3-D.
    Keywords: Seismology
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    AVO inversion for a non-welded interface: estimating compliances of a fluid-filled fracture (2016)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2016-05-11
    Description: Though well known for layer boundaries, the use of amplitude-versus-offset (AVO) variations for non-welded boundaries like fractures is not yet investigated. Depending on the seismic wavelength used, fractures can be regarded as thin, compliant zones in rocks, in different scales. We explore the potential of multiangle AVO inversion of P-P and P-S reflections from a fracture to estimate fracture properties. We conduct laboratory experiments to measure reflection responses of dry and wet fractures. The observed P-P reflections of the wet fracture and the fracture aperture are very well predicted by the non-welded interface model. We invert the angle-dependent P-P reflectivity of the fracture to estimate both normal and tangential fracture compliances. The estimated value of the normal compliance is accurate, and it is also possible to obtain the value of the non-zero tangential compliance. We find that supplementing the information of converted P-S reflections in the AVO inversion greatly improves the estimate of the tangential compliance. The calculated compliance ratio clearly shows the existence of fluid in the fracture. This finding can be crucial for new applications in a wide range of scale—from earthquake seismology, deep and shallow seismic exploration, to non-destructive material testing.
    Keywords: Seismology
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    Numerical investigation of the seismic detectability of carbonate thin beds in the Boom Clay formation (2016)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2016-05-11
    Description: The present study evaluates the capacity of the Boom Clay as a host rock for disposal purposes, more precisely its seismic characterization, which may assess its long-term performance to store radioactive wastes. Although the formation is relatively uniform and homogeneous, there are embedded thin layers of septaria (carbonates) that may affect the integrity of the Boom Clay. Therefore, it is essential to locate these geobodies. The seismic data to characterize the Boom Clay has been acquired at the Kruibeke test site. The inversion, which allowed us to obtain the anisotropy parameters and seismic velocities of the clay, is complemented with further information such as log and laboratory data. The attenuation properties have been estimated from equivalent formations (having similar composition and seismic velocities). The inversion yields quite consistent results although the symmetry of the medium is unusual but physically possible, since the anisotropy parameter is negative. According to a time-domain calculation of the energy velocity at four frequency bands up to 900 Hz, velocity increases with frequency, a behaviour described by the Zener model. Then, we use this model to describe anisotropy and anelasticity that are implemented into the equation of motion to compute synthetic seismograms in the space–time domain. The technique is based on memory variables and the Fourier pseudospectral method. We have computed reflection coefficients of the septaria thin layer. At normal incidence, the P -wave coefficient vanishes at specific thicknesses of the layer and there is no conversion to the S wave. For example, calculations at 600 Hz show that for thicknesses of 1 m the septarium can be detected more easily since the amplitudes are higher (nearly 0.8). Converted PS waves have a high amplitude at large offsets (between 30° and 80°) and can be useful to identify the target on this basis. Moreover, we have investigated the effect of septaria embedded in the Boom Clay with several simulations, by considering a lateral partial continuity of the calcareous thin inclusions. The simulations with layers of calcareous material show continuity of the reflections even when the percentage of carbonate within the layer is very small (5–15 per cent), while for low content of the calcareous material, isolated septaria boulders generate diffraction events. We have also simulated the stacked seismic section obtained from processing of the field data. The matching between the field and synthetic sections is acceptable.
    Keywords: Seismology
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    Detection and analysis of microseismic events using a Matched Filtering Algorithm (MFA) (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-27
    Description: A new Matched Filtering Algorithm (MFA) is proposed for detecting and analysing microseismic events recorded by downhole monitoring of hydraulic fracturing. This method requires a set of well-located template (‘parent’) events, which are obtained using conventional microseismic processing and selected on the basis of high signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and representative spatial distribution of the recorded microseismicity. Detection and extraction of ‘child’ events are based on stacked, multichannel cross-correlation of the continuous waveform data, using the parent events as reference signals. The location of a child event relative to its parent is determined using an automated process, by rotation of the multicomponent waveforms into the ray-centred co-ordinates of the parent and maximizing the energy of the stacked amplitude envelope within a search volume around the parent's hypocentre. After correction for geometrical spreading and attenuation, the relative magnitude of the child event is obtained automatically using the ratio of stacked envelope peak with respect to its parent. Since only a small number of parent events require interactive analysis such as picking P - and S -wave arrivals, the MFA approach offers the potential for significant reduction in effort for downhole microseismic processing. Our algorithm also facilitates the analysis of single-phase child events, that is, microseismic events for which only one of the S - or P -wave arrivals is evident due to unfavourable S/N conditions. A real-data example using microseismic monitoring data from four stages of an open-hole slickwater hydraulic fracture treatment in western Canada demonstrates that a sparse set of parents (in this case, 4.6 per cent of the originally located events) yields a significant (more than fourfold increase) in the number of located events compared with the original catalogue. Moreover, analysis of the new MFA catalogue suggests that this approach leads to more robust interpretation of the induced microseismicity and novel insights into dynamic rupture processes based on the average temporal (foreshock–aftershock) relationship of child events to parents.
    Keywords: Seismology
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    Imaging anisotropic layering with Bayesian inversion of multiple data types (2016)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2016-05-27
    Description: Azimuthal anisotropy is a powerful tool to reveal information about both the present structure and past evolution of the mantle. Anisotropic images of the upper mantle are usually obtained by analysing various types of seismic observables, such as surface wave dispersion curves or waveforms, SKS splitting data, or receiver functions. These different data types sample different volumes of the earth, they are sensitive to different length scales, and hence are associated with different levels of uncertainties. They are traditionally interpreted separately, and often result in incompatible models. We present a Bayesian inversion approach to jointly invert these different data types. Seismograms for SKS and P phases are directly inverted using a cross-convolution approach, thus avoiding intermediate processing steps, such as numerical deconvolution or computation of splitting parameters. Probabilistic 1-D profiles are obtained with a transdimensional Markov chain Monte Carlo scheme, in which the number of layers, as well as the presence or absence of anisotropy in each layer, are treated as unknown parameters. In this way, seismic anisotropy is only introduced if required by the data. The algorithm is used to resolve both isotropic and anisotropic layering down to a depth of 350 km beneath two seismic stations in North America in two different tectonic settings: the stable Canadian shield (station FFC) and the tectonically active southern Basin and Range Province (station TA-214A). In both cases, the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary is clearly visible, and marked by a change in direction of the fast axis of anisotropy. Our study confirms that azimuthal anisotropy is a powerful tool for detecting layering in the upper mantle.
    Keywords: Seismology
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    Earthquake rate and magnitude distributions of great earthquakes for use in global forecasts (2016)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2016-05-27
    Description: We have obtained new results in the statistical analysis of global earthquake catalogues with special attention to the largest earthquakes, and we examined the statistical behaviour of earthquake rate variations. These results can serve as an input for updating our recent earthquake forecast, known as the ‘Global Earthquake Activity Rate 1’ model (GEAR1), which is based on past earthquakes and geodetic strain rates. The GEAR1 forecast is expressed as the rate density of all earthquakes above magnitude 5.8 within 70 km of sea level everywhere on earth at 0.1 x 0.1 degree resolution, and it is currently being tested by the Collaboratory for Study of Earthquake Predictability. The seismic component of the present model is based on a smoothed version of the Global Centroid Moment Tensor (GCMT) catalogue from 1977 through 2013. The tectonic component is based on the Global Strain Rate Map, a ‘General Earthquake Model’ (GEM) product. The forecast was optimized to fit the GCMT data from 2005 through 2012, but it also fit well the earthquake locations from 1918 to 1976 reported in the International Seismological Centre-Global Earthquake Model (ISC-GEM) global catalogue of instrumental and pre-instrumental magnitude determinations. We have improved the recent forecast by optimizing the treatment of larger magnitudes and including a longer duration (1918–2011) ISC-GEM catalogue of large earthquakes to estimate smoothed seismicity. We revised our estimates of upper magnitude limits, described as corner magnitudes, based on the massive earthquakes since 2004 and the seismic moment conservation principle. The new corner magnitude estimates are somewhat larger than but consistent with our previous estimates. For major subduction zones we find the best estimates of corner magnitude to be in the range 8.9 to 9.6 and consistent with a uniform average of 9.35. Statistical estimates tend to grow with time as larger earthquakes occur. However, by using the moment conservation principle that equates the seismic moment rate with the tectonic moment rate inferred from geodesy and geology, we obtain a consistent estimate of the corner moment largely independent of seismic history. These evaluations confirm the above-mentioned corner magnitude value. The new estimates of corner magnitudes are important both for the forecast part based on seismicity as well as the part based on geodetic strain rates. We examine rate variations as expressed by annual earthquake numbers. Earthquakes larger than magnitude 6.5 obey the Poisson distribution. For smaller events the negative-binomial distribution fits much better because it allows for earthquake clustering.
    Keywords: Seismology
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    Resolving source mechanisms of microseismic swarms induced by solution mining (2016)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2016-05-28
    Description: In order to improve our understanding of hazardous underground cavities, the development and collapse of a ~200 m wide salt solution mining cavity was seismically monitored in the Lorraine basin in northeastern France. The microseismic events show a swarm-like behaviour, with clustering sequences lasting from seconds to days, and distinct spatiotemporal migration. Observed microseismic signals are interpreted as the result of detachment and block breakage processes occurring at the cavity roof. Body wave amplitude patterns indicated the presence of relatively stable source mechanisms, either associated with dip-slip and/or tensile faulting. Signal overlaps during swarm activity due to short interevent times, the high-frequency geophone recordings and the limited network station coverage often limit the application of classical source analysis techniques. To overcome these shortcomings, we investigated the source mechanisms through different procedures including modelling of observed and synthetic waveforms and amplitude spectra of some well-located events, as well as modelling of peak-to-peak amplitude ratios for the majority of the detected events. We extended the latter approach to infer the average source mechanism of many swarming events at once, using multiple events recorded at a single three component station. This methodology is applied here for the first time and represents a useful tool for source studies of seismic swarms and seismicity clusters. The results obtained with different methods are consistent and indicate that the source mechanisms for at least 50 per cent of the microseismic events are remarkably stable, with a predominant thrust faulting regime with faults similarly oriented, striking NW–SE and dipping around 35°–55°. This dominance of consistent source mechanisms might be related to the presence of a preferential direction of pre-existing crack or fault structures. As an interesting byproduct, we demonstrate, for the first time directly on seismic data, that the source radiation pattern significantly controls the detection capability of a seismic station and network.
    Keywords: Seismology
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    Higher-mode ambient-noise Rayleigh waves in sedimentary basins (2016)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-16
    Description: We show that higher modes are an important component of high-frequency Rayleigh waves in the cross-correlations over sedimentary basins. The particle motions provide a good test for distinguishing and separating the fundamental from the first higher mode, with the fundamental mode having retrograde and the first higher mode having prograde motion in the 1–10 s period of interest. The basement depth controls the cut-off period of the first higher mode, which coincides with a rapid increase (over period) in the particle-motion ellipticity or H / V ratio of the fundamental mode. The strong higher mode we observed is not only due to the low-velocity sedimentary layer but also due to the noise sources with significant radial component such as the basin edge scattering. It is important to correctly identify the mode order when inverting the dispersion curves because misidentifying the higher mode as fundamental will lead to an anomalous high V SV velocity.
    Keywords: Seismology
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    Double-difference adjoint seismic tomography (2016)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-16
    Description: We introduce a ‘double-difference’ method for the inversion for seismic wave speed structure based on adjoint tomography. Differences between seismic observations and model predictions at individual stations may arise from factors other than structural heterogeneity, such as errors in the assumed source-time function, inaccurate timings and systematic uncertainties. To alleviate the corresponding non-uniqueness in the inverse problem, we construct differential measurements between stations, thereby reducing the influence of the source signature and systematic errors. We minimize the discrepancy between observations and simulations in terms of the differential measurements made on station pairs. We show how to implement the double-difference concept in adjoint tomography, both theoretically and practically. We compare the sensitivities of absolute and differential measurements. The former provide absolute information on structure along the ray paths between stations and sources, whereas the latter explain relative (and thus higher resolution) structural variations in areas close to the stations. Whereas in conventional tomography a measurement made on a single earthquake-station pair provides very limited structural information, in double-difference tomography one earthquake can actually resolve significant details of the structure. The double-difference methodology can be incorporated into the usual adjoint tomography workflow by simply pairing up all conventional measurements; the computational cost of the necessary adjoint simulations is largely unaffected. Rather than adding to the computational burden, the inversion of double-difference measurements merely modifies the construction of the adjoint sources for data assimilation.
    Keywords: Seismology
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    Exploring earthquake databases for the creation of magnitude-homogeneous catalogues: tools for application on a regional and global scale (2016)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-20
    Description: The creation of a magnitude-homogenized catalogue is often one of the most fundamental steps in seismic hazard analysis. The process of homogenizing multiple catalogues of earthquakes into a single unified catalogue typically requires careful appraisal of available bulletins, identification of common events within multiple bulletins and the development and application of empirical models to convert from each catalogue's native scale into the required target. The database of the International Seismological Center (ISC) provides the most exhaustive compilation of records from local bulletins, in addition to its reviewed global bulletin. New open-source tools are developed that can utilize this, or any other compiled database, to explore the relations between earthquake solutions provided by different recording networks, and to build and apply empirical models in order to harmonize magnitude scales for the purpose of creating magnitude-homogeneous earthquake catalogues. These tools are described and their application illustrated in two different contexts. The first is a simple application in the Sub-Saharan Africa region where the spatial coverage and magnitude scales for different local recording networks are compared, and their relation to global magnitude scales explored. In the second application the tools are used on a global scale for the purpose of creating an extended magnitude-homogeneous global earthquake catalogue. Several existing high-quality earthquake databases, such as the ISC-GEM and the ISC Reviewed Bulletins, are harmonized into moment magnitude to form a catalogue of more than 562 840 events. This extended catalogue, while not an appropriate substitute for a locally calibrated analysis, can help in studying global patterns in seismicity and hazard, and is therefore released with the accompanying software.
    Keywords: Seismology
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    Contraction pre-conditioner in finite-difference electromagnetic modelling (2016)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-20
    Description: This paper introduces a novel approach to constructing an effective pre-conditioner for finite-difference (FD) electromagnetic modelling in geophysical applications. This approach is based on introducing an FD contraction operator, similar to one developed for integral equation formulation of Maxwell's equation. The properties of the FD contraction operator were established using an FD analogue of the energy equality for the anomalous electromagnetic field. A new pre-conditioner uses a discrete Green's function of a 1-D layered background conductivity. We also developed the formulae for an estimation of the condition number of the system of FD equations pre-conditioned with the introduced FD contraction operator. Based on this estimation, we have established that the condition number is bounded by the maximum conductivity contrast between the background conductivity and actual conductivity. When there are both resistive and conductive anomalies relative to the background, the new pre-conditioner is advantageous over using the 1-D discrete Green's function directly. In our numerical experiments with both resistive and conductive anomalies, for a land geoelectrical model with 1:10 contrast, the method accelerates convergence of an iterative method (BiCGStab) by factors of 2–2.5, and in a marine example with 1:50 contrast, by a factor of 4.6, compared to direct use of the discrete 1-D Green's function as a pre-conditioner.
    Keywords: Seismology
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    Seismic waveform inversion best practices: regional, global and exploration test cases (2016)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-29
    Description: Reaching the global minimum of a waveform misfit function requires careful choices about the nonlinear optimization, preconditioning and regularization methods underlying an inversion. Because waveform inversion problems are susceptible to erratic convergence associated with strong nonlinearity, one or two test cases are not enough to reliably inform such decisions. We identify best practices, instead, using four seismic near-surface problems, one regional problem and two global problems. To make meaningful quantitative comparisons between methods, we carry out hundreds of inversions, varying one aspect of the implementation at a time. Comparing nonlinear optimization algorithms, we find that limited-memory BFGS provides computational savings over nonlinear conjugate gradient methods in a wide range of test cases. Comparing preconditioners, we show that a new diagonal scaling derived from the adjoint of the forward operator provides better performance than two conventional preconditioning schemes. Comparing regularization strategies, we find that projection, convolution, Tikhonov regularization and total variation regularization are effective in different contexts. Besides questions of one strategy or another, reliability and efficiency in waveform inversion depend on close numerical attention and care. Implementation details involving the line search and restart conditions have a strong effect on computational cost, regardless of the chosen nonlinear optimization algorithm.
    Keywords: Seismology
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    A 3-D enlarged cell technique (ECT) for elastic wave modelling of a curved free surface (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-29
    Description: The conventional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method for elastic waves suffers from the staircasing error when applied to model a curved free surface because of its structured grid. In this work, an improved, stable and accurate 3-D FDTD method for elastic wave modelling on a curved free surface is developed based on the finite volume method and enlarged cell technique (ECT). To achieve a sufficiently accurate implementation, a finite volume scheme is applied to the curved free surface to remove the staircasing error; in the mean time, to achieve the same stability as the FDTD method without reducing the time step increment, the ECT is introduced to preserve the solution stability by enlarging small irregular cells into adjacent cells under the condition of conservation of force. This method is verified by several 3-D numerical examples. Results show that the method is stable at the Courant stability limit for a regular FDTD grid, and has much higher accuracy than the conventional FDTD method.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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    Implementation into earthquake sequence simulations of a rate- and state-dependent friction law incorporating pressure solution creep (2016)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2016-04-03
    Description: Pressure solution creep (PSC) is an important elementary process in rock friction at high temperatures where solubilities of rock-forming minerals are significantly large. It significantly changes the frictional resistance and enhances time-dependent strengthening. A recent microphysical model for PSC-involved friction of clay–quartz mixtures, which can explain a transition between dilatant and non-dilatant deformation (d-nd transition), was modified here and implemented in dynamic earthquake sequence simulations. The original model resulted in essentially a kind of rate- and state-dependent friction (RSF) law, but assumed a constant friction coefficient for clay resulting in zero instantaneous rate dependency in the dilatant regime. In this study, an instantaneous rate dependency for the clay friction coefficient was introduced, consistent with experiments, resulting in a friction law suitable for earthquake sequence simulations. In addition, a term for time-dependent strengthening due to PSC was added which makes the friction law logarithmically rate-weakening in the dilatant regime. The width of the zone in which clasts overlap or, equivalently, the interface porosity involved in PSC plays a role as the state variable. Such a concrete physical meaning of the state variable is a great advantage in future modelling studies incorporating other physical processes such as hydraulic effects. Earthquake sequence simulations with different pore pressure distributions demonstrated that excess pore pressure at depth causes deeper rupture propagation with smaller slip per event and a shorter recurrence interval. The simulated ruptures were arrested a few kilometres below the point of pre-seismic peak stress at the d-nd transition and did not propagate spontaneously into the region of pre-seismic non-dilatant deformation. PSC weakens the fault against slow deformation and thus such a region cannot produce a dynamic stress drop. Dynamic rupture propagation further down to brittle-plastic transition, evidenced by geological observations, would require even smaller frictional resistance at coseismic slip rate, suggesting the importance of implementation of dynamic weakening activated at coseismic slip rates for more realistic simulation of earthquake sequences. The present models produced much smaller afterslip at deeper parts of arrested ruptures than those with logarithmic RSF laws because of a more significant rate-strengthening effect due to linearly viscous PSC. Detailed investigation of afterslip would give a clue to understand the deformation mechanism which controls shear resistance of the fault in a region of arrest of earthquake ruptures.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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    Effects of shallow density structure on the inversion for crustal shear wave speeds in surface wave tomography (2016)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2016-04-03
    Description: Surface wave tomography routinely uses empirically scaled density model in the inversion of dispersion curves for shear wave speeds of the crust and uppermost mantle. An improperly selected empirical scaling relationship between density and shear wave speed can lead to unrealistic density models beneath certain tectonic formations such as sedimentary basins. Taking the Sichuan basin east to the Tibetan plateau as an example, we investigate the differences between density profiles calculated from four scaling methods and their effects on Rayleigh wave phase velocities. Analytical equations for 1-D layered models and adjoint tomography for 3-D models are used to examine the trade-off between density and S -wave velocity structures at different depth ranges. We demonstrate that shallow density structure can significantly influence phase velocities at short periods, and thereby affect the shear wave speed inversion from phase velocity data. In particular, a deviation of 25 per cent in the initial density model can introduce an error up to 5 per cent in the inverted shear velocity at middle and lower crustal depths. Therefore one must pay enough attention in choosing a proper velocity–density scaling relationship in constructing initial density model in Rayleigh wave inversion for crustal shear velocity structure.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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    Effect of earthquakes on ambient noise surface wave tomography in upper-mantle studies (2016)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2016-04-07
    Description: Application of the ambient noise surface wave tomography method (ANT) for determination of the upper-mantle structure requires data on long-periodic noise ( T 〉 40 s). The ANT technique implies that noise sources are distributed almost uniformly over the surface. This is practically true for short-periodic noise, however, it is not so in the case of long periods. In this paper we show that the main contribution to noise at long periods is caused by signals from earthquakes. In some cases, they may strongly distort noise cross-correlation. This leads to an incorrect determination of surface wave velocity dispersion curves. To minimize such a distortion we propose two means: (1) to use records of noise for the periods when there is no clustering of earthquakes, such as aftershocks of strong events; (2) to stack cross-correlation functions for a period of at least three years in order to achieve sufficient uniformity of earthquake locations. Validity of this approach is demonstrated by ANT results for Europe. Tomographic reconstruction of Rayleigh wave group velocities for 10–100 s measured along interstation paths was carried out in a central part of Western Europe where resolving power of the data was the highest. Locally averaged dispersion curves were inverted to vertical S -wave velocity sections in this area. The results correspond closely to known features of the structure of the region, namely: strong difference of the crust and upper-mantle structure at the opposite sides from the Tornquist–Teisseyre Line down to ~ 250 km, penetration of high-velocity material of East European Platform lithosphere under Carpathians, as well as penetration of low-velocity asthenospheric layer from the Carpathian region towards the northeast.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
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    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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    On the use of sensitivity tests in seismic tomography (2016)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2016-04-07
    Description: Sensitivity analysis with synthetic models is widely used in seismic tomography as a means for assessing the spatial resolution of solutions produced by, in most cases, linear or iterative nonlinear inversion schemes. The most common type of synthetic reconstruction test is the so-called checkerboard resolution test in which the synthetic model comprises an alternating pattern of higher and lower wave speed (or some other seismic property such as attenuation) in 2-D or 3-D. Although originally introduced for application to large inverse problems for which formal resolution and covariance could not be computed, these tests have achieved popularity, even when resolution and covariance can be computed, by virtue of being simple to implement and providing rapid and intuitive insight into the reliability of the recovered model. However, checkerboard tests have a number of potential drawbacks, including (1) only providing indirect evidence of quantitative measures of reliability such as resolution and uncertainty, (2) giving a potentially misleading impression of the range of scale-lengths that can be resolved, and (3) not giving a true picture of the structural distortion or smearing that can be caused by the data coverage. The widespread use of synthetic reconstruction tests in seismic tomography is likely to continue for some time yet, so it is important to implement best practice where possible. The goal of this paper is to develop the underlying theory and carry out a series of numerical experiments in order to establish best practice and identify some common pitfalls. Based on our findings, we recommend (1) the use of a discrete spike test involving a sparse distribution of spikes, rather than the use of the conventional tightly spaced checkerboard; (2) using data coverage (e.g. ray-path geometry) inherited from the model constrained by the observations (i.e. the same forward operator or matrix), rather than the data coverage obtained by solving the forward problem through the synthetic model; (3) carrying out multiple tests using structures of different scale length; (4) taking special care with regard to what can be inferred when using synthetic structures that closely mimic what has been recovered in the observation-based model; (5) investigating the range of structural wavelengths that can be recovered using realistic levels of imposed data noise; and (6) where feasible, assessing the influence of model parametrization error, which arises from making a choice as to how structure is to be represented.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
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    Topics: Geosciences
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    A discontinuous Galerkin method with a modified penalty flux for the propagation and scattering of acousto-elastic waves (2016)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2016-04-07
    Description: We develop an approach for simulating acousto-elastic wave phenomena, including scattering from fluid–solid boundaries, where the solid is allowed to be anisotropic, with the discontinuous Galerkin method. We use a coupled first-order elastic strain-velocity, acoustic velocity–pressure formulation, and append penalty terms based on interior boundary continuity conditions to the numerical (central) flux so that the consistency condition holds for the discretized discontinuous Galerkin weak formulation. We incorporate the fluid–solid boundaries through these penalty terms and obtain a stable algorithm. Our approach avoids the diagonalization into polarized wave constituents such as in the approach based on solving elementwise Riemann problems.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
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    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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    Statistical estimation of the duration of aftershock sequences (2016)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2016-04-07
    Description: It is well known that large earthquakes generally trigger aftershock sequences. However, the duration of those sequences is unclear due to the gradual power-law decay with time. The triggering time is assumed to be infinite in the epidemic type aftershock sequence (ETAS) model, a widely used statistical model to describe clustering phenomena in observed earthquake catalogues. This assumption leads to the constraint that the power-law exponent p of the Omori-Utsu decay has to be larger than one to avoid supercritical conditions with accelerating seismic activity on long timescales. In contrast, seismicity models based on rate- and state-dependent friction observed in laboratory experiments predict p ≤ 1 and a finite triggering time scaling inversely to the tectonic stressing rate. To investigate this conflict, we analyse an ETAS model with finite triggering times, which allow smaller values of p . We use synthetic earthquake sequences to show that the assumption of infinite triggering times can lead to a significant bias in the maximum likelihood estimates of the ETAS parameters. Furthermore, it is shown that the triggering time can be reasonably estimated using real earthquake catalogue data, although the uncertainties are large. The analysis of real earthquake catalogues indicates mainly finite triggering times in the order of 100 days to 10 years with a weak negative correlation to the background rate, in agreement with expectations of the rate- and state-friction model. The triggering time is not the same as the apparent duration, which is the time period in which aftershocks dominate the seismicity. The apparent duration is shown to be strongly dependent on the mainshock magnitude and the level of background activity. It can be much shorter than the triggering time. Finally, we perform forward simulations to estimate the effective forecasting period, which is the time period following a mainshock, in which ETAS simulations can improve rate estimates after the occurrence of a mainshock. We find that this effective forecasting period is only in the order of 100 days for moderate mainshocks and in the order of a few years for large events, even if the underlying triggering process lasts much longer.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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    Global tomography using seismic hum (2016)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2016-01-01
    Description: We present a new upper-mantle tomographic model derived solely from hum seismic data. Phase correlograms between station pairs are computed to extract phase-coherent signals. Correlograms are then stacked using the time–frequency phase-weighted stack method to build-up empirical Green's functions. Group velocities and uncertainties are measured in the wide period band of 30–250 s, following a resampling approach. Less data are required to extract reliable group velocities at short periods than at long periods, and 2 yr of data are necessary to measure reliable group velocities for the entire period band. Group velocities are first regionalized and then inverted versus depth using a simulated annealing method in which the number and shape of splines that describes the S -wave velocity model are variable. The new S -wave velocity tomographic model is well correlated with models derived from earthquakes in most areas, although in India, the Dharwar craton is shallower than in other published models.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
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    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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    Developing a generalized pseudo-dynamic source model of Mw 6.5-7.0 to simulate strong ground motions (2016)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2016-01-01
    Description: Accurate prediction of ground motion intensity and its variability is an important element in seismic hazard assessment. Simulation-based ground motion prediction has become popular in light of earthquake rupture and wave-propagation modelling methods and the rapid growth in computing power. Earthquake rupture modelling needs to be physics-based and also computationally efficient. It also requires the ability to quantify the variability of finite source models for future scenario events. A generalized pseudo-dynamic source model (e.g. earthquake source statistics model) for M w 6.5–7.0 has been constructed by analysing a number of dynamic rupture models based on 1-point and 2-point statistics of kinematic source parameters. Synthetic broad-band ground motions derived from the pseudo-dynamic source model are validated against empirical ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs). The pseudo-dynamic source model produces ground motion intensities mostly compatible with the empirical GMPEs in the broad frequency range. The perturbation analysis of 1-point and 2-point statistics helps to elucidate the effect of source statistics on ground motions in a systematic way. The constructed pseudo-dynamic source model may be used to generate a feasible range of rupture scenarios for future events and to simulate expected ground motions for seismic hazard assessment.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
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    Topics: Geosciences
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    Model parameter estimation bias induced by earthquake magnitude cut-off (2016)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2016-01-01
    Description: We evaluate the bias in parameter estimates of the ETAS model. We show that when a simulated catalogue is magnitude-truncated there is considerable bias, whereas when it is not truncated there is no discernible bias. We also discuss two further implied assumptions in the ETAS and other self-exciting models. First, that the triggering boundary magnitude is equivalent to the catalogue completeness magnitude. Secondly, the assumption in the Gutenberg–Richter relationship that numbers of events increase exponentially as magnitude decreases. These two assumptions are confounded with the magnitude truncation effect. We discuss the effect of these problems on analyses of real earthquake catalogues.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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