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  • General Chemistry  (6,851)
  • Engineering  (3,036)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • 2020-2024  (63)
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  • 1995-1999  (12,320)
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  • 1
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    Emerald Publishing | ICE Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The ebook edition of this title is Open Access and freely available to read online. Specification for Tunnelling, Fourth edition is a standard industry document for tunnelling contracts and forms the basis of tunnelling specifications for projects throughout the world. It reflects current industry best practice and considers technological advancements over the last ten years. It also investigates a range of new topics. Since the publication of the third edition in 2010, the British tunnelling industry has completed several major projects both domestic and abroad. This updated fourth edition captures the many advances made in the field of tunnelling and the lessons learned on these projects through a comprehensive review of all content by subject matter experts. The importance of sustainability and the increased market share of low CO2e materials have been reflected by removal of prescriptive requirements and a strong emphasis on performance-based specification. All references to codes, standards and other design documents have been comprehensively updated. Drafted by an expert editorial committee and supported by multiple rounds of industry-wide peer reviews, the Specification for Tunnelling in its fourth edition will continue to be the de facto standard reference work for tunnelling in the UK and worldwide.
    Keywords: Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LN Laws of specific jurisdictions and specific areas of law::LNC Company, commercial and competition law: general::LNCQ Construction and engineering law ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LN Laws of specific jurisdictions and specific areas of law::LNC Company, commercial and competition law: general::LNCQ Construction and engineering law ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The 3rd International Conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering 2023 (ICAME-23) was organized on 24th August 2023 by the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Capital University of Science and Technology (CUST). All the articles are single-blindfold reviewed. The acceptance rate of the conference was 65%. ICAME is held annually and welcame high-quality theoretical and empirical original research papers, case studies, and review papers from researchers, academicians, professionals, practitioners, and students worldwide. ICAME-23 accepted research papers in the discipline of: Experimental and Computational Fluid Dynamics; Thermodynamics and heat transfer analysis; Machine and Mechanisms; Design and Solid Mechanics; Manufacturing, Production and Industrial Engineering; Engineering and Technology Management; Renewable Energy and Environmental Engineering; Bioengineering; Materials and Failure Analysis; Other Related Fields. The ICAME-23 conference provided a platform for the national and international speakers/participants to present their state-of-the-art research work to diverse audiences from academia and industry. The conference proceedings are published in the Engineering Proceeding of MDPI, Switzerland. All the articles are individually indexed and are citable via Digital Object Identification (DOI).
    Keywords: Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: This book provides useful insight into how academics from diverse disciplinary backgrounds, such as science, engineering, technology, social science, policy, design, architecture, built environment, business, and management, have been conducting research into how to realise net zero emissions to address climate change. This book explores the ways in which countries around the world have pledged to achieve net zero emissions through decarbonisation processes. It presents the highest calibre research and impact activities carried out in the UK, Europe, North America, Australia, Asia, and Africa. Such activities include conceptualisation, opportunity identification, specific case studies, demonstration of proof of concepts, provision of evidence, education of the general public, and knowledge transfer to companies. Further to this, the chapters also bring to light personal career journeys to net zero by current and future international research leaders. From this book, readers will gain a full understanding of net zero research via multiple disciplinary pathways, be inspired by personal accounts, and will learn key methodologies, including quantitative and qualitative approaches. The diversity of authors and topics make the book widely applicable to a range of fields, and it will be of great interest to researchers, students, practitioners, and decision makers working towards the goals of net zero and decarbonisation.
    Keywords: Net Zero ; Net Zero emissions ; Decarbonisation ; Climate change ; Interdisciplinary education ; Carbon neutral ; 2050 ; Sustainability ; Sustainable consumption ; Sustainability transitions ; Sustainable fashion ; Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AB The arts: general topics ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AK Design, Industrial and commercial arts, illustration::AKP Product design ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THV Alternative and renewable energy sources and technology ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNP Pollution and threats to the environment::RNPG Climate change ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RP Regional and area planning::RPC Urban and municipal planning and policy ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTP Development studies ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBC Engineering: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBD Technical design::TBDG Ergonomics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics::PHDY Energy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBS Social groups, communities and identities::JBSD Urban communities ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDP Other manufacturing technologies
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    TU Delft OPEN Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: The Cross Domain City of the Future Graduation Lab, situated in the Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment at TU Delft, has been a pioneer in experimenting with a multidisciplinary approach to education on the built environment. Drawing upon this expertise over the past years, this book reflects on multidisciplinarity in the built environment and its implementation in education on the built environment. How should one approach multidisciplinarity in education and practice? What encompasses its core elements, benefits, and challenges? By addressing these questions, the book aims to inform students and practitioners within the realm of the built environment by sharing insights from experiences in multidisciplinary education. It presents eight conclusions regarding the future of multidisciplinary education and, thereby, seeks to contribute to a more humane and sustainable future for cities: 1.Process is central to multidisciplinary collaboration. Negotiating positions, ensuring an environment of respect, balance and open-mindedness, and setting a common vocabulary. 2.Multidisciplinarity can be a way to foster innovation. It triggers complementarity and confrontation. As with any innovation, there is potential for greater outcomes, but, at the same time, extra risks emerge. These need to be managed. 3.Multidisciplinarity could be better integrated into organisational structures. 4.Disciplinarity and multidisciplinarity are in mutual coexistence. They are inseparable. They can complement and contradict each other. 5.Problem precedes solution, not the opposite. Framing the problem, or ‘problematizing’, is a considerable share of the actual solution. This is particularly applicable to multidisciplinarity. 6.Multidisciplinarity is by nature composed of fluid boundaries. Navigating through an enormous diversity of perspectives requires agility, flexibility, independence, spirit of adventure and embracing uncertainty. 7.Professionals should be trained as ‘T-shape’: grounded in their field while able to dialogue with other fields. 8.Both generalists and specialists are needed. Education should provide opportunities for both.
    Keywords: City ; Future ; Multidisciplinarity ; Design ; Education ; Engineering ; Graduation Lab ; Built Environment ; Architecture ; Urban Design ; Management ; Geomatics ; Transport ; Infrastructure ; Logistics ; Collaboration ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AM Architecture
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Amsterdam University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: Techne;/Technology offers a penetrating, close look at the origins of the term techne;, which unleashed a revolution in cinema and media studies when it was first introduced and which continues to influence the study of film as the digital revolution rolls along. The contributors investigate the effects of technologies on major film debates and, moreover, how technologies have affected film theory and its key concepts.
    Keywords: Film Studies ; Communication Studies ; Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AT Performing arts::ATF Films, cinema ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AT Performing arts::ATJ Television ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCT Media studies ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Boydell & Brewer | James Currey an imprint of Boydell & Brewer
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: No country has managed to develop beyond a subsistence economy without ensuring at least minimum access to electricity for the majority of its population. Yet many sub-Saharan African countries struggle to meet demand. Why is this, and what can be done to reduce energy poverty and further Africa's development? Examining the politics and processes surrounding electricity infrastructure, provision and reform, the author provides an overview of historical andcontemporary debates about access in the sub-continent, and explores the shifting role and influence of national governments and of multilateral agencies in energy reform decisions. He describes a challenging political environment for electricity supply, with African governments becoming increasingly frustrated with the rules and the processes of multilateral donors. Civil society also began to question reform choices, and governments in turn looked to new development partners, such as China, to chart a fresh path of energy transformation. Drawing on over fifteen years of research on Uganda, which has one of the lowest levels of access to electricity in Africa and has struggled to construct several, large hydroelectric dams on the Nile, Gore argues that there is a critical need to recognize how the changing political and social context in African countries, and globally, has affected the capacity to fulfil national energy goals, minimize energy poverty and transform economies.
    Keywords: Political Science ; African Studies ; Engineering ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TH Energy technology & engineering::THR Electrical engineering::THRB Power generation & distribution ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THY Energy, power generation, distribution and storage
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    CLACSO
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Description not available.
    Keywords: Technology ; Engineering ; Political Science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics::UBW Internet: general works ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPH Political structure and processes::JPHV Political structures: democracy
    Language: Spanish
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Este libro indaga desde múltiples preguntas y perspectivas las transformaciones provocadas por el incremento descomunal del flujo de información generada por el uso masivo e intensivo de las tecnologías digitales. El estudio de las apropiaciones por parte de la sociedad configura un mosaico desigual y combinado de usos y empleos de las tecnologías digitales. ¿Cómo han impactado en los grupos sociales, económicos y generacionales los usos de las tecnologías? ¿Que desafíos entrañan y que problemas nuevos generan las herramientas cotidianas a través de las cuales conocemos y nos comunicamos con nuestro entorno y el mundo?
    Keywords: Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering
    Language: Spanish
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  • 9
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    University of Minnesota Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: An investigation of how-to guides for sensor technologies Sensors are increasingly common within citizen-sensing and DIY projects, but these devices often require the use of a how-to guide. From online instructional videos for troubleshooting sensor installations to handbooks for using and abusing the Internet of Things, the how-to genres and formats of digital instruction continue to expand and develop. As the how-to proliferates, and instructions unfold through multiple aspects of technoscientific practices, Jennifer Gabrys asks why the how-to has become one of the prevailing genres of the digital. How to Do Things with Sensors explores the ways in which things are made do-able with and through sensors and further considers how worlds are made sense-able and actionable through the instructional mode of citizen-sensing projects. Forerunners: Ideas First Short books of thought-in-process scholarship, where intense analysis, questioning, and speculation take the lead
    Keywords: Science & Technology Studies ; General Science ; Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDR Impact of science and technology on society ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering
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  • 10
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Artificial intelligence is a term that refers to the ability to provide machines with human intelligence. In medicine it is becoming widely used. It finds application especially in the diagnostic and tumor fields. It is not yet able to replace the human brain, but several studies show how its support can be useful in making diagnoses and providing prognoses. This reprint addresses various satellite topics of this discipline, giving practical examples in various clinical fields. In addition, it highlights the strengths of this tool and proposes methods to improve its weaknesses by addressing issues such as increasing data sets and selecting the right features. It also addresses other innovative aspects that together with artificial intelligence can lead to improvements in surgery.
    Keywords: Artificial Intelligence ; Automatic ; Diagnostics ; Engineering ; Imaging ; Machine Learning ; Deep Learning ; Features ; Biomedics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 11
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    Pennsylvania State University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Oil, like other fossil fuels, permeates every aspect of human existence. Yet it has been largely ignored by cultural critics, especially in the context of the Global South. Seeking to make visible not only the pervasiveness of oil in society and culture but also its power, Oil Fictions stages a critical intervention that aligns with the broader goals of the energy humanities.Exploring literature and film about petroleum as a genre of world literature, Oil Fictions focuses on the ubiquity of oil as well as the cultural response to petroleum in postcolonial states. The chapters engage with African, South American, South Asian, Iranian, and transnational petrofictions and cover topics such as the relationship of colonialism to the fossil fuel economy, issues of gender in the Thermocene epoch, and discussions of migration, precarious labor, and the petro-diaspora. This unique exploration includes testimonies of the oil encounter—through memoirs, journals, and interviews—from a diverse geopolitical grid, ranging from the Permian Basin to the Persian Gulf.By engaging with non-Western literary responses to petroleum in a concentrated, sustained way, this pathbreaking book illuminates the transnational dimensions of the discourse on oil. It will appeal to scholars and students working in literature and science studies, energy humanities, ecocriticism, petrocriticism, environmental humanities, and Anthropocene studies.In addition to the editors, the contributors to this volume include Henry Obi Ajumeze, Rebecca Babcock, Ashley Dawson, Sharae Deckard, Scott DeVries, Kristen Figgins, Amitav Ghosh, Corbin Hiday, Helen Kapstein, Micheal Angelo Rumore, Simon Ryle, Sheena Stief, Imre Szeman, Maya Vinai, and Wendy W. Walters.
    Keywords: Language & Literature ; Sustainability ; Engineering ; Environmental Science ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general::DSBH Literary studies: c 1900 to c 2000 ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THF Fossil fuel technologies::THFP Petroleum technology ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNF Environmental management
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: The role of fossil planktonic foraminifera as markers for biostratigraphical zonation and correlation underpins most drilling of marine sedimentary sequences and is key to hydrocarbon exploration. The first - and only - book to synthesize the whole biostratigraphic and geological usefulness of planktonic foraminifera, Biostratigraphic and Geological Significance of Planktonic Foraminifera unifies existing biostratigraphic schemes and provides an improved correlation reflecting regional biogeographies. Renowned micropaleontologist Marcelle K. Boudagher-Fadel presents a comprehensive analysis of existing data on fossil planktonic foraminifera genera and their phylogenetic evolution in time and space. This important text, now in its Second Edition, is in considerable demand and is now being republished by UCL Press.
    Keywords: Geology ; Paleontology ; Geography ; Agriculture ; Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBG Geology, geomorphology and the lithosphere ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WN Nature and the natural world: general interest::WNR Rocks, minerals and fossils: general interest ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBX Palaeontology ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBG Geology, geomorphology and the lithosphere::RBGH Stratigraphy ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THF Fossil fuel technologies::THFP Petroleum technology
    Language: English
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  • 13
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    University of Minnesota Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Sensors are everywhere. Small, flexible, economical, and computationally powerful, they operate ubiquitously in environments. They compile massive amounts of data, including information about air, water, and climate. Never before has such a volume of environmental data been so broadly collected or so widely available. Grappling with the consequences of wiring our world, Program Earth examines how sensor technologies are programming our environments. As Jennifer Gabrys points out, sensors do not merely record information about an environment. Rather, they generate new environments and environmental relations. At the same time, they give a voice to the entities they monitor: to animals, plants, people, and inanimate objects. This book looks at the ways in which sensors converge with environments to map ecological processes, to track the migration of animals, to check pollutants, to facilitate citizen participation, and to program infrastructure. Through discussing particular instances where sensors are deployed for environmental study and citizen engagement across three areas of environmental sensing, from wild sensing to pollution sensing and urban sensing, Program Earth asks how sensor technologies specifically contribute to new environmental conditions. What are the implications for wiring up environments? How do sensor applications not only program environments, but also program the sorts of citizens and collectives we might become? Program Earth suggests that the sensor-based monitoring of Earth offers the prospect of making new environments not simply as an extension of the human but rather as new "technogeographies" that connect technology, nature, and people.
    Keywords: General Science ; Science & Technology Studies ; Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDR Impact of science and technology on society ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    CLACSO
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: Gustavo Lins Riberio conjuga y tensiona la teoría con el trabajo de campo para desentrañar los significados que atribuyen los trabajadores a la construcción de Brasilia. Ello le permitirá reconstruir una memoria donde caben las penurias, los enojos, las broncas, las injusticias laborales, las solidaridades, las amistades, la familia, las lealtades, los sabores de las comidas, la música, la organización, el sindicato y los conflictos, en un todo desordenado pero legible a luz de la teoría. En definitiva, la experiencia de clase se puede leer en El capital de la esperanza de modo transversal, así como también las contradicciones del capitalismo, las políticas urbanistas, las condiciones de trabajo y demás campos problemáticos que han abordado las ciencias sociales. Las y los invitamos a leer —por primera vez o una vez más— esta obra magistral que nos permite comprender y complejizar la dinámica de la expansión capitalista.
    Keywords: Labor & Employment Relations ; Engineering ; History ; Latin American Studies ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCF Labour / income economics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHK History of the Americas
    Language: Spanish
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  • 15
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    TU Delft OPEN Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Current systems design and decision management methodologies can be single-sided, ignoring or failing to capture the dynamic interplay between multi-stakeholder preferences (‘what they want’) and system performances (‘what they can’). In addition, these methodologies often contain fundamental modelling errors and do not provide single best-fit solutions. This leaves designers or decision-makers without unique answers to their problems. Above all, mainstream higher education primarily applies instructivist and research-based learning methods, and therefore does not adequately prepare students for designing solutions to future complex problems. This book introduces both a state-of-the-art participatory design methodology (Odesys), and a design-based learning concept (ODL), which together overcome the aforementioned issues. Odesys is a pure act of open design integration to confront conflicting socio-technical interests and is the key to unlocking these complexities to deliver socially responsible systems. Odesys’ design engine, the Preferendus, enables stakeholders to cooperatively identify their best-fit design synthesis. It employs a novel optimisation method that maximises the aggregated preferences, integrating sound mathematical and extended U-modelling via open technical-, social-, and purpose cycles. The art of ODL is a constructivist design-based and well-proven learning concept fostering students’ design capabilities to become open and persistent problem solvers. It is a reflective, creative, and engaged learning approach that opens human development and unlocks new knowledge and solutions. The author also introduces new management features such as the corporate social identifier (CSI), the ‘socio-eco’ threefold organization model and U-model based open loop management. Finally, the author places Odesys & ODL within the integrative context of empiricism, rationalism, spiritualism, and constructivism to unite the open design impulse. This book will be of interest to both academics and practitioners working in the field of complex systems design and managerial decision-making, and functions as a textbook on systems design and management for master students from diverse backgrounds.
    Keywords: Management ; Technology ; Engineering ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNV Educational equipment & technology, computer-aided learning (CAL) ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNV Educational equipment and technology, computer-aided learning (CAL)
    Language: English
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  • 16
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    CLACSO
    Publication Date: 2023-10-05
    Description: En junio del 2014 la comunidad Kukama de Cuninico, fue afectada por el derrame de 2500 barriles de petróleo. Como muchas otras comunidades nativas en la Amazonia, Cuninico está enfrascada en un contexto postdesastre agudizado por la ineficiencia estatal. Las dinámicas intrafamiliares y comunitarias, así como las expectativas a futuro de los que allí viven, han cambiado profundamente. En este contexto son las mujeres las que deben asumir más responsabilidades para enfrentar la crisis.
    Keywords: Environmental Science ; Sustainability ; Engineering ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNK Conservation of the environment ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TH Energy technology & engineering::THF Fossil fuel technologies::THFP Petroleum technology
    Language: Spanish
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  • 17
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    UJ Press | UJ Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: The book provides a rich, informative picture of the current state of student engagement evaluation, while also highlighting challenges and opportunities for future advances. A particular strength of this publication is its emphasis on the importance of taking evidence-based decisions, and showing how the South African Survey of Student Engagement (SASSE) can provide the evidence for well-informed changes in policy and practice in order to enhance student success." - Prof Magda Fourie-Malherbe, Stellenbosch University
    Keywords: Academics ; Academic achievement ; Academic advising ; Academic advisors ; Academic challenge ; Academic development ; Academic literacy ; Academic performance ; Academic support ; Access ; Academic staff (also see academics/Lecturers) ; Actionable ; Active learning ; Agency ; Aggregated ; Analyse ; Apply ; Ask questions ; Assessment ; Attitude ; Australasian Survey of Student Engagement (AUSSE) ; Beginning University Survey of Student Engagement (BUSSE) ; Benchmarking ; Bloom’s taxonomy ; Business ; economics and management ; Campus environment ; Capacity ; Career advisors ; Challenges ; Classroom activities ; Classroom Survey of Student Engagement (CLASSE) ; Co-curricular (also see extra-curricular) ; Cognitive ; Cognitive development ; Cognitive educational activities ; Cognitive functions ; Cognitive skills ; Collaborative learning ; Colleges ; Community college ; Comprehensive universities ; Conditional formatting ; Contextual ; Contextual challenges ; Contextualised ; Council on Higher Education (CHE) ; Course (module/subject) ; Critical thinking ; Culture ; Curriculum ; Data ; Data-informed ; Decision-making ; Decolonisation ; Deep learning ; Department chairs (heads of departments) ; Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET) ; Development ; Developmental outcomes ; Diagnostic ; Disaggregating ; Discussions ; Discussion with diverse others ; Dropout ; Education outcomes ; Effective educational behaviours ; Effective educational practices ; Effective leadership ; Effective teaching practices ; Empirical ; Engagement – also see Student Engagement ; Engineering ; Equity ; Equitable outcomes ; Evaluate ; Evidence ; Evidence-based ; Expectations ; Expected academic difficulty ; Expected academic perseverance ; Experiential learning ; Experience with staff ; Extended degree ; Extended curricula ; Extra-curricular (also see co-curricular) ; Financial Stress Scale ; First-generation ; First-year ; Food ; Food insecurity ; Frequency ; Freshman myth ; Gender ; Graduate attributes (Learning outcomes) ; Group work ; Heads of departments ; High-Impact practices ; Higher education outcomes ; Higher-Order Learning ; Holistic ; Humanities ; Incentive ; Indicators ; Innovation ; Innovative ; Instructional paradigm ; Interactions ; Interventions ; Institutional culture ; Institutional performance ; Institutional research ; Institutional researchers ; Institution-wide approaches ; Interpersonal relationships ; Interpersonal skills ; Intersectional ; Intersectionality ; Irish Survey of Student Engagement (ISSE) ; Knowledge ; Knowledge society ; Language ; Law ; Leaders ; Leadership (management/university leadership) ; Learning ; Learning environments ; Learning facilitator ; Learning outcomes ; Learning paradigm ; Learning strategies ; Learning with peers ; Lecturer Survey of Student Engagement (LSSE) ; Lecturers (also see academics/academic staff) ; Librarians ; Management (University leaders and Leadership) ; Mathematics ; Memorisation ; Mentor ; Mentoring ; Mentorship ; Mission ; Module (course/subject) ; Motivation ; National Benchmark Tests (NBT) ; National Benchmark Test Project (NBTP) ; National Development Plan ; National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) ; Natural and Agricultural Sciences ; Next Generation of Academics Programme (nGAP) ; Numeracy development ; Off-campus ; On-campus ; Online resources ; Pathways ; Peer learning (also see Tutor) ; Pedagogical approaches ; Pedagogical contexts ; Pedagogical environments ; Pedagogical experiences ; Pedagogical innovation ; Pedagogical practices ; Pedagogical relationship ; Pedagogical responsiveness ; Pedagogies ; Perceived academic preparation ; Perceived preparedness ; Persistence ; Policies ; Policy ; Policy makers ; Practical significance ; Practical work ; Preparing for class ; Professional development ; Professionals ; Professional staff ; Quadrant ; Quality ; Quality assurance ; Quality of interactions ; Quantitative reasoning ; Reflection ; Reflective and integrative learning ; Relationships ; Research ; Responsiveness ; Resources ; Retention ; Science ; engineering and technology ; Self-reflection ; Senior students ; Service learning ; Social sciences ; Socio-economic ; South African Survey(s) of Student Engagement (SASSE) ; Staff development (also academic development and lecturer development) ; Stakeholder ; Strategies ; Statistical ; Student affairs ; Student behaviour ; Student bodies ; Student data ; Student development ; Student engagement ; Student evaluation ; Student financial aid ; Student involvement ; Student learning ; Student life ; Student needs ; Student outcomes ; Student organisations ; Student perspective ; Student participation ; Student performance ; Student persistence ; Student retention ; Student responses ; Student societies ; Student-staff interaction ; Student success ; Student views ; Student voice ; Success rates ; Subject (course/module) ; Support services ; Support staff ; Supportive campus ; Supportive environment ; Synthesise ; Systemic perspective ; Systemic understanding ; Teaching ; Teaching and learning ; Techniques ; Time ; Time management ; Traditional universities ; Transformation ; Transformative ; Transition ; Tutor ; Tutorials ; Undergraduate research ; Underprepared ; United States ; University Capacity Development Grant (University Capacity Development Programme) ; Universities ; Universities of Technology ; University leaders ; Unrealistic ; Well-being ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher & further education, tertiary education ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher education, tertiary education
    Language: English
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  • 18
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    University of North Carolina Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: White working-class conservatives have played a decisive role in American history, particularly in their opposition to social justice movements, radical critiques of capitalism, and government help for the poor and sick. While this pattern is largely seen as a post-1960s development, Poor Man's Fortune tells a different story, excavating the long history of white working-class conservatism in the century from the Civil War to World War II. With a close study of metal miners in the Tri-State district of Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma, Jarod Roll reveals why successive generations of white, native-born men willingly and repeatedly opposed labor unions and government-led health and safety reforms, even during the New Deal. With painstaking research, Roll shows how the miners' choices reflected a deep-seated, durable belief that hard-working American white men could prosper under capitalism, and exposes the grim costs of this view for these men and their communities, for organized labor, and for political movements seeking a more just and secure society. Roll's story shows how American inequalities are in part the result of a white working-class conservative tradition driven by grassroots assertions of racial, gendered, and national privilege.
    Keywords: History ; American Studies ; Labor & Employment Relations ; Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHK History of the Americas ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNX Industrial relations, occupational health and safety::KNXN Industrial arbitration and negotiation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TT Other technologies and applied sciences::TTU Mining technology and engineering
    Language: English
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2024-02-26
    Description: Identifcation of ontogenetic age classes plays an important role in the felds of zoology, palaeontology and archaeology, where accurate age classifcations of (sub)fossil remains are a crucial component for the reconstruction \nof past life. Textural ageing\xe2\x80\x94the identifcation of age-related bone surface textures\xe2\x80\x94provides a size-independent \nmethod for age assessment of vertebrate material. However, most of the work so far is limited to qualitative results. \nWhile qualitative approaches provide helpful insights on textural ageing patterns, they are heavily subject to observer \nbias and fall short of quantitative data relevant for detailed statistical analyses and cross-comparisons. Here, we present a pilot study on the application of 3D surface digital microscopy to quantify bone surface textures on the long \nbones of the grey heron (Ardea cinerea) and the Canada goose (Branta canadensis) using internationally verifed \nroughness parameters. Using a standardised measuring protocol, computed roughness values show a strong correlation with qualitative descriptions of textural patterns. Overall, higher roughness values correspond to increased numbers of grooves and pits and vice versa. Most of the roughness parameters allowed distinguishing between diferent \nontogenetic classes and closely followed the typical sigmoidal animal growth curve. Our results show that bone \ntexture quantifcation is a feasible approach to identifying ontogenetic age classes.
    Keywords: General Physics and Astronomy ; General Environmental Science ; General Biochemistry ; Genetics and Molecular Biology ; General Materials Science ; General Chemistry ; Roughness ; Surfaces ; Taphonomy ; Topography ; Bone ; Ontogeny ; Digital microscopy
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 20
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: Resilience has become an important topic on the safety research agenda and in organizational practice. Most empirical work on resilience has been descriptive, identifying characteristics of work and organizing activity which allow organizations to cope with unexpected situations. Fewer studies have developed testable models and theories that can be used to support interventions aiming to increase resilience and improve safety. In addition, the absent integration of different system levels from individuals, teams, organizations, regulatory bodies, and policy level in theory and practice imply that mechanisms through which resilience is linked across complex systems are not yet well understood. Scientific efforts have been made to develop constructs and models that present relationships; however, these cannot be characterized as sufficient for theory building. There is a need for taking a broader look at resilience practices as a foundation for developing a theoretical framework that can help improve safety in complex systems. This book does not advocate for one definition or one field of research when talking about resilience; it does not assume that the use of resilience concepts is necessarily positive for safety. We encourage a broad approach, seeking inspiration across different scientific and practical domains for the purpose of further developing resilience at a theoretical and an operational level of relevance for different high-risk industries. The aim of the book is twofold: 1. To explore different approaches for operationalization of resilience across scientific disciplines and system levels. 2. To create a theoretical foundation for a resilience framework across scientific disciplines and system levels. By presenting chapters from leading international authors representing different research disciplines and practical fields we develop suggestions and inspiration for the research community and practitioners in high-risk industries. This book is Open Access under a CC-BY licence. ; Explores different approaches for operationalization of resilience across scientific disciplines and system levels Creates a theoretical foundation for a resilience framework across scientific disciplines and system levels Develops suggestions and inspiration for the research community and practitioners in high-risk industries Presents chapters from leading international authors representing different research disciplines and practical fields
    Keywords: Engineering ; Quality control ; Reliability ; Industrial safety ; Health economics ; Environmental management ; Health informatics ; Organization ; Planning ; Health care management ; Health services administration ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCQ Health economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJU Organizational theory & behaviour ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBG Medical equipment & techniques ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNF Environmental management ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TG Mechanical engineering & materials::TGP Production engineering::TGPR Reliability engineering
    Language: English
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  • 21
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-03-25
    Description: This open access book presents a selection of the best contributions to the Digital Cities 9 Workshop held in Limerick in 2015, combining a number of the latest academic insights into new collaborative modes of city making that are firmly rooted in empirical findings about the actual practices of citizens, designers and policy makers. It explores the affordances of new media technologies for empowering citizens in the process of city making, relating examples of bottom-up or participatory practices to reflections about the changing roles of professional practitioners in the processes, as well as issues of governance and institutional policymaking. ;
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical engineering ; Regional planning ; Urban planning ; User interfaces (Computer systems) ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RP Regional and area planning ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJK Communications engineering / telecommunications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human–computer interaction::UYZG User interface design and usability
    Language: English
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: This open access book contains a structured collection of the complete solutions of all essential axisymmetric contact problems. Based on a systematic distinction regarding the type of contact, the regime of friction and the contact geometry, a multitude of technically relevant contact problems from mechanical engineering, the automotive industry and medical engineering are discussed. In addition to contact problems between isotropic elastic and viscoelastic media, contact problems between transversal-isotropic elastic materials and functionally graded materials are addressed, too. The optimization of the latter is a focus of current research especially in the fields of actuator technology and biomechanics. The book takes into account adhesive effects which allow access to contact-mechanical questions about micro- and nano-electromechanical systems. Solutions of the contact problems include both the relationships between the macroscopic force, displacement and contact length, as well as the stress and displacement fields at the surface and, if appropriate, within the half-space medium. Solutions are always obtained with the simplest available method - usually with the method of dimensionality reduction (MDR) or approaches which use the solution of the non-adhesive normal contact problem to solve the respective contact problem.
    Keywords: Engineering ; Mechanics ; Mechanics, Applied ; Mechanics ; Applied mathematics ; Engineering mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBJ Maths for engineers ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science::TGMD Engineering: Mechanics of solids
    Language: English
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  • 23
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: This edited book presents new results in the area of algorithm development for different types of scheduling problems. In eleven chapters, algorithms for single machine problems, flow-shop and job-shop scheduling problems (including their hybrid (flexible) variants), the resource-constrained project scheduling problem, scheduling problems in complex manufacturing systems and supply chains, and workflow scheduling problems are given. The chapters address such subjects as insertion heuristics for energy-efficient scheduling, the re-scheduling of train traffic in real time, control algorithms for short-term scheduling in manufacturing systems, bi-objective optimization of tortilla production, scheduling problems with uncertain (interval) processing times, workflow scheduling for digital signal processor (DSP) clusters, and many more.
    Keywords: QA75.5-76.95 ; QA1-939 ; Scheduling under Resource Constraints ; Enumerative Algorithms ; Scheduling under Uncertainty ; Assembly Scheduling ; Timetabling ; Approximation Algorithms ; Scheduling Problems in Logistics ; Complex Scheduling Problems ; Engineering ; Complexity Issues ; Scheduling Heuristics and Metaheuristics ; Agent Based Scheduling ; Just-in-Time Scheduling ; Real-Time Scheduling ; Scheduling Problems in Segments of a Supply Chain ; Healthcare ; Evolutionary Algorithms ; Energy Management etc. ; Transport ; Vehicle Routing ; Sports
    Language: English
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  • 24
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Automatisiertes Fahren wird aktuell auf allen Ebenen diskutiert. Dieses Open Access Buch greift das Thema aus Sicht des ÖPNV auf und stellt Chancen und Risiken des Einsatzes automatisierter Shuttlebusse im Nahverkehr dar. Am Beispiel Bad Birnbach/Niederbayern wird gezeigt, welche Herausforderungen bei der Einführung eines solchen Services zu erwarten sind und wie diese gelöst werden können. Dabei fokussiert sich das Buch auf die Vermittlung von im Feld erhobenen Daten, z.B. zu technischen Schwierigkeiten, Erfahrungsberichten von Anwohnern und Gästen, Akzeptanz in der Bevölkerung, infrastrukturellen Anforderungen, etc. Konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen für Städteplaner, ÖPNV-Betreiber/-Strategen oder Kommunen, die eine Einführung automatisierter Busse in Erwägung ziehen, runden das Werk ab.
    Keywords: Engineering ; Automotive engineering ; Transportation engineering ; Traffic engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNH Highway and traffic engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TR Transport technology and trades::TRC Automotive technology and trades
    Language: German
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  • 25
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    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Publication Date: 2022-04-28
    Description: As technological advancements widen the scope of applications for biomicroelectromechanical systems (BioMEMS or biomicrosystems), the field continues to have an impact on many aspects of life science operations and functionalities. Because BioMEMS research and development require the input of experts who use different technical languages and come from varying disciplines and backgrounds, scientists and students can avoid potential difficulties in communication and understanding only if they possess a skill set and understanding that enables them to work at the interface of engineering and biosciences. Keeping this duality in mind throughout, BioMEMS: Science and Engineering Perspectives supports and expedites the multidisciplinary learning involved in the development of biomicrosystems. Divided into nine chapters, it starts with a balanced introduction of biological, engineering, application, and commercialization aspects of the field. With a focus on molecules of biological interest, the book explores the building blocks of cells and viruses, as well as molecules that form the self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), linkers, and hydrogels used for making different surfaces biocompatible through functionalization. The book also discusses: Different materials and platforms used to develop biomicrosystems Various biological entities and pathogens (in ascending order of complexity) The multidisciplinary aspects of engineering bioactive surfaces Engineering perspectives, including methods of manufacturing bioactive surfaces and devices Microfluidics modeling and experimentation Device level implementation of BioMEMS concepts for different applications. Because BioMEMS is an application-driven field, the book also highlights the concepts of lab-on-a-chip (LOC) and micro total analysis system (μTAS), along with their pertinence to the emerging point-of-care (POC) and point-of-need (PON) applications.
    Keywords: BioMEMS ; Engineering ; Perspectives ; Science ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MF Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TC Biochemical engineering::TCB Biotechnology ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MQ Nursing & ancillary services::MQW Biomedical engineering ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TJ Electronics & communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TG Mechanical engineering & materials::TGM Materials science
    Language: English
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  • 26
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This open access book comprises 10 high-level papers on research and innovation within the Flexitranstore Project that were presented at the FLEXITRANSTORE special session organized as part of the 21st International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering. FLEXITRANSTORE (An Integrated Platform for Increased FLEXIbility in smart TRANSmission grids with STORage Entities and large penetration of Renewable Energy Sources) aims to contribute to the development of a pan-European transmission network with high flexibility and high interconnection levels. This will facilitate the transformation of the current energy production mix by hosting an increasing share of renewable energy sources. Novel smart grid technologies, control and storage methods, and new market approaches will be developed, installed, demonstrated, and tested introducing flexibility to the European power system. FLEXITRANSTORE is developing a next-generation Flexible Energy Grid (FEG) that will be integrated into the European Internal Energy Market (IEM) through the valorization of flexibility services. This FEG addresses the capabilities of a power system to maintain continuous service in the face of rapid and large swings in supply or demand. As such, a wholesale market infrastructure and new business models within this integrated FEG must be upgraded for network players, and offer incentives for new ones to join, while at the same time demonstrating new business perspectives for cross-border resource management and energy trading.
    Keywords: Engineering ; Power electronics ; Electronics ; Microelectronics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THR Electrical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering
    Language: English
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book covers new advances in the field of impedance spectroscopy including fundamentals, methods and applications. It releases selected extended and peer reviewed scientific contributions from the International Workshop on Impedance Spectroscopy (IWIS 2017) focussing on detailed information about recent scientific research results in electrochemistry and battery research, bioimpedance measurement, sensors, system design, signal processing.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; International Workshop on Impedance Spectroscopy ; Engineering ; Electrochemistry and Battery Research ; Bioimpedance Measurement ; Sensors ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 28
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    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This timely volume brings together a range of international scholars to analyse cultural, political, and individual factors which contribute to the continued global issue of female underrepresentation in STEM study and careers. Offering a comparative approach to examining gender equity in STEM fields across countries including the UK, Germany, the United States, Hong Kong, Taiwan, South Africa, and China, the volume provides a thematic breakdown of institutional trends and national policies that have successfully improved gender equity in STEM at institutions of higher education. Offering case studies that demonstrate how policies interact with changing social and cultural norms, and impact women’s choices and experiences in relation to the uptake and continuation of STEM study at the undergraduate level, the volume highlights new directions for research and policy to promote gender equity in STEM at school, university, and career levels. Contributing to the United Nations’ (UN) 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, this text will benefit researchers, academics, and educators with an interest in science education, higher education, and gender equity in STEM fields. The text will also support further discussion and reflection around multicultural education, educational policy and politics, and the sociology of education more broadly.
    Keywords: Access ; Chilly culture in STEM ; Diversity ; discrimination ; Engineering ; female agency ; Gender equality ; Gender equity ; gendered norms ; gender disparities ; Higher education ; Inclusion ; inequalities ; leaky pipeline in STEM ; Math ; Mathematics ; Minorities ; National Science Foundation (NSF) ; ProActive Network (WEPAN) ; participation ; Science ; STEM ; STEM careers ; STEM education ; STEM labor market ; STEM tertiary education ; STEM workforce ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Technology ; UN SDG ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher & further education, tertiary education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies & policy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher education, tertiary education ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies and policy
    Language: English
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  • 29
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: This open access book presents theoretical framework and sample applications of variant construction. The first part includes the components variant logic, variant measurements, and variant maps, while the second part covers sample applications such as variation with functions, variant stream ciphers, quantum interference, classical/quantum random sequences, whole DNA sequences, and multiple-valued pulse sequences. Addressing topics ranging from logic and measuring foundation to typical applications and including various illustrated maps, it is a valuable guide for theoretical researchers in discrete mathematics; computing-, quantum- and communication scientists; big data engineers; as well as graduate and upper undergraduate students.
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electronic circuits ; Logic design ; Electronic circuits ; Information theory ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBW Applied mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering::TJFC Electronics: circuits and components ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYF Computer architecture and logic design
    Language: English
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  • 30
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This open access book presents theoretical and practical research relating to the vast, publicly financed program for the construction of new schools and the reorganization of existing educational buildings in Italy. This transformative process aims to give old buildings a fresh identity, to ensure that facilities are compliant with the new educational and teaching models, and to improve both energy efficiency and structural safety with respect to seismic activity. The book is divided into three sections, the first of which focuses on the social role of the school as a civic building that can serve the needs of the community. Innovations in both design and construction processes are then analyzed, paying special attention to the Building Information Modeling (BIM) strategy as a tool for the integration of different disciplines. The final section is devoted to the built heritage and tools, technologies, and approaches for the upgrading of existing buildings so that they meet the new regulations on building performance. The book will be of interest to all who wish to learn about the latest insights into the challenges posed by, and the opportunities afforded by, a comprehensive school building and renovation program.
    Keywords: Engineering ; Buildings—Design and construction ; Building ; Construction ; Engineering, Architectural ; Energy efficiency ; Building materials ; Materials science ; Schools ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNL Schools ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TG Mechanical engineering & materials::TGM Materials science::TGMT Testing of materials ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TH Energy technology & engineering ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TN Civil engineering, surveying & building::TNK Building construction & materials ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNL Schools and pre-schools ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science::TGMT Testing of materials ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials
    Language: English
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  • 31
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    University of Ottawa Press / Les Presses de l’Université d’Ottawa
    Publication Date: 2022-04-28
    Description: Canada is a prosperous country, but this prosperity is being stressed by demographics, pressures on the public purse, and low productivity growth. To maintain the nation's high quality of life, prosperity must increase while remaining sustainable. Combining Tom Brzustowski's extensive knowledge of government, industry, and academia, 〈i〉The Way Ahead〈/i〉, articulates a strategy for moving the Canadian economy towards higher-value products based on research and development, describing the practical steps government, industry and academia must take to improve things in the short term and prepare strategically for the long term. He recommends increasing productivity growth by embracing an economy based on innovation, prioritizing research and development, marketing Canadian products internationally, and encouraging entrepreneurial activities in all sectors. Ultimately, increasing prosperity will require a new level of understanding, strategic coherence, and mutual support between the private and public sectors in Canada, a challenge that the author feels Canada is prepared to and absolutely must face.
    Keywords: economy ; canada ; Basic research ; Commodity ; Engineering ; Entrepreneurship ; Gross domestic product ; Research and development ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics
    Language: English
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  • 32
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This open access book describes modern applications of computational human modeling with specific emphasis in the areas of neurology and neuroelectromagnetics, depression and cancer treatments, radio-frequency studies and wireless communications. Special consideration is also given to the use of human modeling to the computational assessment of relevant regulatory and safety requirements. Readers working on applications that may expose human subjects to electromagnetic radiation will benefit from this book’s coverage of the latest developments in computational modelling and human phantom development to assess a given technology’s safety and efficacy in a timely manner. Describes construction and application of computational human models including anatomically detailed and subject specific models; Explains new practices in computational human modeling for neuroelectromagnetics, electromagnetic safety, and exposure evaluations; Includes a survey of modern applications for which computational human models are critical; Describes cellular-level interactions between the human body and electromagnetic fields.
    Keywords: Engineering ; Biomedical engineering ; Electronic circuits ; Microwaves ; Optical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MQ Nursing and ancillary services::MQW Biomedical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering::TJFC Electronics: circuits and components ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering::TJFN Microwave technology
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  • 33
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-16
    Description: The objective of this book is to help at-risk organizations to decipher the “safety cloud”, and to position themselves in terms of operational decisions and improvement strategies in safety, considering the path already travelled, their context, objectives and constraints. What link can be established between safety culture and safety models in order to increase safety within companies carrying out dangerous activities? First, while the term “safety culture” is widely shared among the academic and industrial world, it leads to various interpretations and therefore different positioning when it comes to assess, improve or change it. Many safety theories, concepts, and models coexist today, being more or less appealing and/or directly useful to the industry. How, and based on which criteria, to choose from the available options? These are some of the questions addressed in this book, which benefits from the expertise of its worldwide famous authors in several industrial sectors.
    Keywords: Engineering ; Quality control ; Reliability ; Industrial safety ; Economic sociology ; Industrial psychology ; Industrial organization ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBL Sociology: work and labour ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMJ Occupational and industrial psychology ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCD Economics of industrial organization ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGP Production and industrial engineering::TGPR Reliability engineering
    Language: English
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  • 34
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    Purdue University Press
    Publication Date: 2022-05-02
    Description: Engineering design is a fundamental problem-solving model used by the discipline. Effective problem-solving requires the ability to find and incorporate quality information sources. To teach courses in this area effectively, educators need to understand the information needs of engineers and engineering students and their information gathering habits. This book provides essential guidance for engineering faculty and librarians wishing to better integrate information competencies into their curricular offerings. The treatment of the subject matter is pragmatic, accessible, and engaging. Rather than focusing on specific resources or interfaces, the book adopts a process-driven approach that outlasts changing information technologies. After several chapters introducing the conceptual underpinnings of the book, a sequence of contributions go into detail about specific steps in the design process and the information needs for those steps.
    Keywords: Engineering ; Teaching ; design ; engineering ; education ; technology ; learning ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNT Teaching skills & techniques
    Language: English
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  • 35
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: This open access book explores the strategic importance and advantages of adopting multidisciplinary and multiscalar approaches of inquiry and intervention with respect to the built environment, based on principles of sustainability and circular economy strategies. A series of key challenges are considered in depth from a multidisciplinary perspective, spanning engineering, architecture, and regional and urban economics. These challenges include strategies to relaunch socioeconomic development through regenerative processes, the regeneration of urban spaces from the perspective of resilience, the development and deployment of innovative products and processes in the construction sector in order to comply more fully with the principles of sustainability and circularity, and the development of multiscale approaches to enhance the performance of both the existing building stock and new buildings. The book offers a rich selection of conceptual, empirical, methodological, technical, and case study/project-based research. It will be of value for all who have an interest in regeneration of the built environment from a circular economy perspective.
    Keywords: Engineering ; Buildings—Design and construction ; Building ; Construction ; Engineering, Architectural ; Sociology, Urban ; Economic development—Environmental aspects ; Sustainable development ; Environmental economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNU Sustainability ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TN Civil engineering, surveying & building::TNK Building construction & materials
    Language: English
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This open access work presents selected results from the European research and innovation project IMPROVE which yielded novel data-based solutions to enhance machine reliability and efficiency in the fields of simulation and optimization, condition monitoring, alarm management, and quality prediction.
    Keywords: Engineering ; Quality control ; Reliability ; Industrial safety ; Robotics ; Automation ; Input-output equipment (Computers) ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGP Production and industrial engineering::TGPR Reliability engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering::TJFM Automatic control engineering::TJFM1 Robotics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications
    Language: English
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: This open access book offers a timely guide to challenges and current practices to permanently plug and abandon hydrocarbon wells. With a focus on offshore North Sea, it analyzes the process of plug and abandonment of hydrocarbon wells through the establishment of permanent well barriers. It provides the reader with extensive knowledge on the type of barriers, their functioning and verification. It then discusses plug and abandonment methodologies, analyzing different types of permanent plugging materials. Last, it describes some tests for verifying the integrity and functionality of installed permanent barriers. The book offers a comprehensive reference guide to well plugging and abandonment (P&A) and well integrity testing. The book also presents new technologies that have been proposed to be used in plugging and abandoning of wells, which might be game-changing technologies, but they are still in laboratory or testing level. Given its scope, it addresses students and researchers in both academia and industry. It also provides information for engineers who work in petroleum industry and should be familiarized with P&A of hydrocarbon wells to reduce the time of P&A by considering it during well planning and construction.
    Keywords: Engineering ; Ocean engineering ; Geotechnical engineering ; Energy policy ; Energy and state ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RB Earth sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TH Energy technology & engineering ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TT Other technologies & applied sciences::TTS Marine engineering::TTSH Offshore engineering
    Language: English
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Coding; Communications; Engineering; Networks; Information Theory; Algorithms
    Keywords: Coding ; Communications ; Engineering ; Networks ; Information Theory ; Algorithms ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 39
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    Taylor & Francis
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This modern treatise on compact models for circuit computer-aided design (CAD) presents industry standard models for bipolar-junction transistors (BJTs), metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) field-effect-transistors (FETs), FinFETs, and tunnel field-effect transistors (TFETs), along with statistical MOS models. Featuring exercise problems at the end of each chapter and extensive references at the end of the book, the text supplies fundamental and practical knowledge necessary for efficient integrated circuit (IC) design using nanoscale devices. It ensures even those unfamiliar with semiconductor physics gain a solid grasp of compact modeling concepts.
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical Engineering ; computer-aided design ; CAD ; compact modeling ; MOSFET ; Circuit Simulation ; compact models ; SPICE model ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering::TJFC Electronics: circuits and components
    Language: English
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  • 40
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This open access book presents nine outstanding doctoral dissertations in Information Technology from the Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Italy. Information Technology has always been highly interdisciplinary, as many aspects have to be considered in IT systems. The doctoral studies program in IT at Politecnico di Milano emphasizes this interdisciplinary nature, which is becoming more and more important in recent technological advances, in collaborative projects, and in the education of young researchers. Accordingly, the focus of advanced research is on pursuing a rigorous approach to specific research topics starting from a broad background in various areas of Information Technology, especially Computer Science and Engineering, Electronics, Systems and Controls, and Telecommunications. Each year, more than 50 PhDs graduate from the program. This book gathers the outcomes of the nine best theses defended in 2018-19 and selected for the IT PhD Award. Each of the nine authors provides a chapter summarizing his/her findings, including an introduction, description of methods, main achievements and future work on the topic. Hence, the book provides a cutting-edge overview of the latest research trends in Information Technology at Politecnico di Milano, presented in an easy-to-read format that will also appeal to non-specialists.
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical engineering ; Control engineering ; Data structures (Computer science) ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering::TJFM Automatic control engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJK Communications engineering / telecommunications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMB Algorithms and data structures ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering::TJFM Automatic control engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJK Communications engineering / telecommunications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMB Algorithms and data structures
    Language: English
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  • 41
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This open access book, authored by a world-leading researcher in this field, describes fundamentals of dynamic spectrum management, provides a systematic overview on the enabling technologies covering cognitive radio, blockchain, and artificial intelligence, and offers valuable guidance for designing advanced wireless communications systems. This book is intended for a broad range of readers, including students and professionals in this field, as well as radio spectrum policy makers.
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical engineering ; Wireless communication systems ; Mobile communication systems ; Computer organization ; Computers ; Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJK Communications engineering / telecommunications ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJK Communications engineering / telecommunications::TJKW WAP (wireless) technology ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJK Communications engineering / telecommunications ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJK Communications engineering / telecommunications::TJKW WAP (wireless) technology ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Language: English
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  • 42
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Open Access proceedings presents new approaches to Machine Learning for Cyber Physical Systems, experiences and visions. It contains some selected papers from the international Conference ML4CPS – Machine Learning for Cyber Physical Systems, which was held in Karlsruhe, October 23-24, 2018. Cyber Physical Systems are characterized by their ability to adapt and to learn: They analyze their environment and, based on observations, they learn patterns, correlations and predictive models. Typical applications are condition monitoring, predictive maintenance, image processing and diagnosis. Machine Learning is the key technology for these developments.
    Keywords: Engineering ; Computational intelligence ; Computer organization ; Electrical engineering ; Data mining ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJK Communications engineering / telecommunications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases::UNF Data mining ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJK Communications engineering / telecommunications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases::UNF Data mining ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Language: English
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  • 43
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: This open access book summarizes research being pursued within the Manutelligence project, the goal of which is to help enterprises develop smart, social and flexible products with high value added services. Manutelligence has improved Product and Service Design by developing suitable models and methods, and connecting them through a modular, collaborative and secure ICT Platform. The use of real data collected in real time by Internet of Things (IoT) technologies underpins the design of product-service systems and makes it possible to monitor them throughout their life cycle. Available data allows costs and sustainability issues to be more accurately measured and simulated in the form of Life Cycle Cost (LCC) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Analysing data from IoT systems and sharing LCC and LCA information via the ICT Platform can help to accelerate the design of product-service systems, reduce costs and better understand customer needs. Industrial partners involved in Manutelligence provide a clear overview of the project’s outcomes, and demonstrate how its technological solutions can be used to improve the design of product-service systems and the management of product-service life cycles.
    Keywords: Engineering ; Manufactures ; Computational intelligence ; Artificial intelligence ; Service industries ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNS Service industries ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TG Mechanical engineering & materials::TGP Production engineering ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Language: English
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  • 44
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    transcript Verlag
    Publication Date: 2022-05-02
    Description: What role does gender play in scientific research and the development of technologies? This book provides methodological expertise, research experiences and empirical findings in the dynamic field of Science and Technology Studies. The authors, coming from computer science, social sciences, or cultural studies of science, discuss how to ask questions about gender and give examples for the application in interdisciplinary research, development and teaching. Topics range from the design of information and communication technologies, epistemologies of biology and chemistry to teaching mathematics and professional processes in engineering. Contributions by Anne Balsamo, Wendy Faulkner, Rebecca Jordan-Young, Barbara Orland, Els Rommes, and others.
    Keywords: Sociology ; Gender ; Innovation Research ; Science ; Technology ; Engineering ; Gender Studies ; Sociology of Science ; Sociology of Technology ; Cultural Studies ; Sociology ; Gender ; Innovation Research ; Science ; Technology ; Engineering ; Gender Studies ; Sociology of Science ; Sociology of Technology ; Cultural Studies ; Epistemology ; Feminism ; London ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFS Social groups::JFSJ Gender studies, gender groups
    Language: English
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  • 45
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    CRC Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book brings together new developments in the area of strain-engineered MOSFETs using high-mibility substrates such as SIGe, strained-Si, germanium-on-insulator and III-V semiconductors into a single text which will cover the materials aspects, principles, and design of advanced devices, their fabrication and applications. The book presents a full TCAD methodology for strain-engineering in Si CMOS technology involving data flow from process simulation to systematic process variability simulation and generation of SPICE process compact models for manufacturing for yield optimization.
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering
    Language: English
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  • 46
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Dieses Open Access Buch widmet sich dem Problem der Mechanik des Zusammenstoßes zweier makroskopischer Körper. Falls die Dynamik der Körper als Ganzes dies erlaubt, ohne in unüberschaubare Komplexität zu verfallen (in der Regel ist das nur für das reine Normalstoßproblem der Fall), werden allgemeine axialsymmetrische Stoßpartner betrachtet. Für das allgemeine räumliche Stoßproblem wird sich auf den Kontakt von Kugeln beschränkt. Zunächst werden im Buch sehr ausführlich die kontaktmechanischen Grundlagen (Elastizität, Plastizität, Viskoelastizität, Adhäsion, Gradientenmedien) dargestellt und anschließend auf das Stoßproblem übertragen. Mit der Methode der Dimensionsreduktion, der ein eigenes Kapitel gewidmet ist, steht außerdem seit wenigen Jahren ein Werkzeug zu Verfügung, das die sehr effiziente analytische und numerische Behandlung von dynamischen Kontaktproblemen (wie z.B. Stößen) ermöglicht. Den Abschluss des Buch bilden Anwendungsfälle aus verschiedenen Gebieten.
    Keywords: Engineering ; Mechanics ; Mechanics, Applied ; Mechanics ; Applied mathematics ; Engineering mathematics ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBJ Maths for engineers ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TG Mechanical engineering & materials::TGM Materials science::TGMD Mechanics of solids ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBJ Maths for engineers ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science::TGMD Engineering: Mechanics of solids
    Language: German
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  • 47
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Engineering; Industrial engineering; Production engineering
    Keywords: Engineering ; Industrial engineering ; Production engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGP Production and industrial engineering
    Language: English
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  • 48
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This open access book contains the research report of the Collaborative Research Center “Micro Cold Forming” (SFB 747) of the University of Bremen, Germany. The topical research focus lies on new methods and processes for a mastered mass production of micro parts which are smaller than 1mm (by forming in batch size higher than one million). The target audience primarily comprises research experts and practitioners in production engineering, but the book may also be of interest to graduate students alike.
    Keywords: Engineering ; Manufactures ; Quality control ; Reliability ; Industrial safety ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGP Production and industrial engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGP Production and industrial engineering::TGPR Reliability engineering
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  • 49
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: This open access book presents work collected through the Liquefaction Experiments and Analysis Projects (LEAP) in 2017. It addresses the repeatability, variability, and sensitivity of lateral spreading observed in twenty-four centrifuge model tests on mildly sloping liquefiable sand. The centrifuge tests were conducted at nine different centrifuge facilities around the world. For the first time, a sufficient number of experiments were conducted to enable assessment of variability of centrifuge test results. The experimental data provided a unique basis for assessing the capabilities of twelve different simulation platforms for numerical simulation of soil liquefaction. The results of the experiments and the numerical simulations are presented and discussed in papers submitted by the project participants. The work presented in this book was followed by LEAP-Asia that included assessment of a generalized scaling law and culminated in a workshop in Osaka, Japan in March 2019. LEAP-2020, ongoing at the time of printing, is addressing the validation of soil-structure interaction analyses of retaining walls involving a liquefiable soil. A workshop is planned at RPI, USA in 2020.
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering geology ; Engineering—Geology ; Foundations ; Hydraulics ; Quality control ; Reliability ; Industrial safety ; Geotechnical engineering ; Soil science ; Soil conservation ; Natural disasters ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RB Earth sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RB Earth sciences::RBG Geology & the lithosphere::RBGB Soil science, sedimentology ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RB Earth sciences::RBP Meteorology & climatology ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNR Natural disasters ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TG Mechanical engineering & materials::TGP Production engineering::TGPR Reliability engineering
    Language: English
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Understanding the many complexities that define gender inequality has been described by researchers as a grand challenge. Novel insights, innovation, a broader community to conduct research and to ascertain effective interventions are essential in the challenge to create organizations that are gender equal. As such, this Research Topic in Frontiers in Psychology addresses the under-representation of women in engineering and computing as a complex, but solvable problem. This Research Topic seeks to inform the global community about advances in understanding the under-representation of women in engineering and computing with a focus on what enables change. Further, this Topic will promote fresh perspectives, innovative methodologies, and mixed method approaches important to accelerating the pace of change.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; Women ; Engineering ; Tech ; Gender Equity ; Under-Represention of Women ; Computing ; STEM ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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  • 51
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    Purdue University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Higher education is coming under increasing scrutiny, both publically and within academia, with respect to its ability to appropriately prepare students for the careers that will make them competitive in the 21st-century workplace. At the same time, there is a growing awareness that many global issues will require creative and critical thinking deeply rooted in the technical STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) disciplines. Transforming Institutions brings together chapters from the scholars and leaders who were part of the 2011 and 2014 conferences. It provides an overview of the context and challenges in STEM higher education, contributed chapters describing programs and research in this area, and a reflection and summary of the lessons from the many authors’ viewpoints, leading to suggested next steps in the path toward transformation.
    Keywords: Engineering ; Undergraduate ; Education ; Science ; Technology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies & policy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies and policy
    Language: English
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: This volume features thirteen original chapters on the causes and consequences of gender segregation in scientific, technical, engineering, and mathematics (“STEM”) occupations and fields of study. Although women have made great strides in equalizing access to labor markets and higher education, many STEM fields—particularly in the physical sciences and engineering—remain strongholds of gender segregation in the United States and other reputably gender-progressive societies. Policymakers, business leaders and activists have launched countless initiatives to diversify access to lucrative, high status occupations and ameliorate labor shortages that diminish innovation and competitiveness. Contributors to this volume apply diverse theoretical lenses and methodological approaches to understand the individual, interactional, organizational, and cultural dynamics that drive this segregation in the United States. Results show that the gender composition of scientific and technical fields varies a great deal over time and across organizational contexts and socio-demographic groups defined by race, ethnicity, class, and sexuality. But despite this variability, STEM work and STEM workers are widely presumed to be naturally and inevitably masculine. Research presented here reveals how these stereotypes combine with cultural beliefs about natural and fundamental differences between men and women to produce gendered aspirations and reinforce inequalities in the US scientific and technical workforce.
    Keywords: HM401-1281 ; NX1-820 ; H1-99 ; Women ; Engineering ; Segregation ; Race/ethnicity ; Men ; Sexuality ; Science ; Mathematics ; Gender ; STEM ; Inequality ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFP Social interaction
    Language: English
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  • 53
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: Uncanny computer-generated animations of splashing waves, billowing smoke clouds, and characters’ flowing hair have become a ubiquitous presence on screens of all types since the 1980s. This Open Access book charts the history of these digital moving images and the software tools that make them. Unpredictable Visual Effects uncovers an institutional and industrial history that saw media industries conducting more private R&D as Cold War federal funding began to wane in the late 1980s. In this context studios and media software companies took concepts used for studying and managing unpredictable systems like markets, weather, and fluids and turned them into tools for animation. Unpredictable Visual Effects theorizes how these animations are part of a paradigm of control evident across society, while at the same time exploring what they can teach us about the relationship between making and knowing.
    Keywords: Animation ; Film/TV Industry ; Film Theory ; Film and Television Industry ; Visual Effects ; Live-Action Cinema ; Economics ; Mechanical Control ; Socio-Political ; Engineering ; Open Access ; Animated films ; Performing arts ; Film history, theory & criticism ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AT Performing arts::ATF Films, cinema::ATFV Animated films and animation ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AT Performing arts::ATF Films, cinema ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AT Performing arts::ATJ Television ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AT Performing arts::ATF Films, cinema::ATFA Film history, theory or criticism
    Language: English
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  • 54
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This open access book presents the proceedings of the 3rd Indo-German Conference on Sustainability in Engineering held at Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India, on September 16–17, 2019. Intended to foster the synergies between research and education, the conference is one of the joint activities of the BITS Pilani and TU Braunschweig conducted under the auspices of Indo-German Center for Sustainable Manufacturing, established in 2009. The book is divided into three sections: engineering, education and entrepreneurship, covering a range of topics, such as renewable energy forecasting, design & simulation, Industry 4.0, and soft & intelligent sensors for energy efficiency. It also includes case studies on lean and green manufacturing, and life cycle analysis of ceramic products, as well as papers on teaching/learning methods based on the use of learning factories to improve students’problem-solving and personal skills. Moreover, the book discusses high-tech ideas to help the large number of unemployed engineering graduates looking for jobs become tech entrepreneurs. Given its broad scope, it will appeal to academics and industry professionals alike.
    Keywords: Industrial and Production Engineering ; Renewable and Green Energy ; Engineering/Technology Education ; Study and Learning Skills ; Energy Efficiency ; Energy Policy, Economics and Management ; Engineering and Technology Education ; Engineering ; Entrepreneurship ; Education ; Sustainability ; Learning factories ; International collaboration ; Open Access ; Production engineering ; Alternative & renewable energy sources & technology ; Higher & further education, tertiary education ; Technology: general issues ; Study & learning skills: general ; Energy technology & engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGP Production and industrial engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THV Alternative and renewable energy sources and technology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher education, tertiary education ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNZ Study and learning skills: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering
    Language: English
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  • 55
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This open access book summarizes the results of the European research project “Twin-model based virtual manufacturing for machine tool-process simulation and control” (Twin-Control). The first part reviews the applications of ICTs in machine tools and manufacturing, from a scientific and industrial point of view, and introduces the Twin-Control approach, while Part 2 discusses the development of a digital twin of machine tools. The third part addresses the monitoring and data management infrastructure of machines and manufacturing processes and numerous applications of energy monitoring. Part 4 then highlights various features developed in the project by combining the developments covered in Parts 3 and 4 to control the manufacturing processes applying the so-called CPSs. Lastly, Part 5 presents a complete validation of Twin-Control features in two key industrial sectors: aerospace and automotive. The book offers a representative overview of the latest trends in the manufacturing industry, with a focus on machine tools.
    Keywords: Engineering ; Manufactures ; Vibration ; Dynamical systems ; Dynamics ; Control engineering ; Machinery ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGB Mechanical engineering::TGBN Engines and power transmission ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGP Production and industrial engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering::TJFM Automatic control engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGB Mechanical engineering::TGBN Engines and power transmission ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGP Production and industrial engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering::TJFM Automatic control engineering
    Language: English
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: This open access book focuses on the development of methods, interoperable and integrated ICT tools, and survey techniques for optimal management of the building process. The construction sector is facing an increasing demand for major innovations in terms of digital dematerialization and technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data, advanced manufacturing, robotics, 3D printing, blockchain technologies and artificial intelligence. The demand for simplification and transparency in information management and for the rationalization and optimization of very fragmented and splintered processes is a key driver for digitization. The book describes the contribution of the ABC Department of the Polytechnic University of Milan (Politecnico di Milano) to R&D activities regarding methods and ICT tools for the interoperable management of the different phases of the building process, including design, construction, and management. Informative case studies complement the theoretical discussion. The book will be of interest to all stakeholders in the building process – owners, designers, constructors, and faculty managers – as well as the research sector.
    Keywords: Engineering ; Buildings—Design and construction ; Building ; Construction ; Engineering, Architectural ; Computer-aided engineering ; Building—Superintendence ; Construction industry—Management ; Construction superintendence ; Remote sensing ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography::RGW Geographical information systems (GIS) & remote sensing ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TN Civil engineering, surveying & building::TNK Building construction & materials ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TN Civil engineering, surveying & building::TNT Building skills & trades ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UG Graphical & digital media applications::UGC Computer-aided design (CAD)
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In diesem Open-Access-Tagungsband sind die besten Beiträge des 9. Jahreskolloquiums "Kommunikation in der Automation" (KommA 2018) und des 6. Jahreskolloquiums "Bildverarbeitung in der Automation" (BVAu 2018) enthalten. Die Kolloquien fanden am 20. und 21. November 2018 in der SmartFactoryOWL, einer gemeinsamen Einrichtung des Fraunhofer IOSB-INA und der Technischen Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe statt. Die vorgestellten neuesten Forschungsergebnisse auf den Gebieten der industriellen Kommunikationstechnik und Bildverarbeitung erweitern den aktuellen Stand der Forschung und Technik. Die in den Beiträgen enthaltenen anschaulichen Beispiele aus dem Bereich der Automation setzen die Ergebnisse in den direkten Anwendungsbezug.
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical engineering ; Signal processing ; Image processing ; Speech processing systems ; Robotics ; Automation ; Quality control ; Reliability ; Industrial safety ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGP Production and industrial engineering::TGPR Reliability engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering::TJFM Automatic control engineering::TJFM1 Robotics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJK Communications engineering / telecommunications ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TT Other technologies and applied sciences::TTB Applied optics::TTBM Imaging systems and technology
    Language: English , German
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: This open access book addresses several questions regarding the implementation of human and organisational factors (HOF) so that recent improvements in industrial safety can be built upon. It addresses sources of frustration in senior management with high expectations of operational recommendations and disquiet on the part of HOF specialists struggling to have an impact on high-level decision making. The brief explores these issues with an emphasis on examples and lessons learned based on the experience of its authors, who come from different academic disciplines and various industrial sectors such as oil and gas, energy and transportation. It then offers some ways forward for a better consideration of HOF in hazardous companies with a view of promoting safety and facing challenges in a rapidly changing world.
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering economics ; Engineering economy ; Industrial psychology ; Economic sociology ; Welfare economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBL Sociology: work & labour ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMJ Occupational & industrial psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCA Economic theory & philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBC Engineering: general
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: Dieses Buch ist eine Open-Access-Publikation unter einer CC BY 4.0 Lizenz. Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) klingt in aktuellen Debatten oft abstrakt und alltagsfremd. Doch die meisten Internetnutzerinnern und -nutzer sind bereits täglich mit ihr konfrontiert – wenn auch unbewusst: sei es bei der Sprachsteuerung des Smartphones, bei Kaufempfehlungen im Online-Shop oder bei der Abfrage von auf Webseiten häufig gestellten Fragen (Frequently Asked Questions, FAQ). KI ist ein Teilaspekt der Digitalisierung, der als Schlagwort immer häufiger in den Medien auftaucht. Das aktuell große Interesse liegt darin begründet, dass es in den vergangenen Jahren verschiedene technologische Fortschritte gab, welche die Nutzung der KI nun auf andere Ebenen heben. Mit diesem Themenband des Instituts für Innovation und Technik (iit) „Künstliche Intelligenz“ erhalten Leserinnen und Leser einen schlaglichtartigen Einblick in die KI hinsichtlich ihrer Technologien, aktuellen und potenziellen Anwendungen sowie Auswirkungen auf die Gesellschaft.
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical engineering ; Humanities—Digital libraries ; Educational technology ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNV Educational equipment and technology, computer-aided learning (CAL) ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJK Communications engineering / telecommunications
    Language: German
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  • 60
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: It is common for us today to associate the practice of science primarily with the act of seeing—with staring at computer screens, analyzing graphs, and presenting images. We may notice that physicians use stethoscopes to listen for disease, that biologists tune into sound recordings to understand birds, or that engineers have created Geiger tellers warning us for radiation through sound. But in the sciences overall, we think, seeing is believing. This open access book explains why, indeed, listening for knowledge plays an ambiguous, if fascinating, role in the sciences. For what purposes have scientists, engineers and physicians listened to the objects of their interest? How did they listen exactly? And why has listening often been contested as a legitimate form of access to scientific knowledge? This concise monograph combines historical and ethnographic evidence about the practices of listening on shop floors, in laboratories, field stations, hospitals, and conference halls, between the 1920s and today. It shows how scientists have used sonic skills—skills required for making, recording, storing, retrieving, and listening to sound—in ensembles: sets of instruments and techniques for particular situations of knowledge making. Yet rather than pleading for the emancipation of hearing at the expense of seeing, this essay investigates when, how, and under which conditions the ear has contributed to science dynamics, either in tandem with or without the eye.
    Keywords: Engineering ; Acoustical engineering ; Technology—History ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TT Other technologies and applied sciences::TTA Acoustic and sound engineering
    Language: English
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    De Gruyter
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book covers new advances in the field of impedance spectroscopy including fundamentals, methods and applications. It releases selected extended and peer reviewed scientific contributions from the International Workshop on Impedance Spectroscopy (IWIS 2017) focussing on detailed information about recent scientific research results in electrochemistry and battery research, bioimpedance measurement, sensors, system design, signal processing.
    Keywords: Engineering ; International Workshop on Impedance Spectroscopy ; Electrochemistry and Battery Research ; Bioimpedance Measurement ; Sensors ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBM Instruments and instrumentation::TBMM Engineering measurement and calibration
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-03-25
    Description: The conventional approach to risk communication, based on a centralized and controlled model, has led to blatant failures in the management of recent safety related events. In parallel, several cases have proved that actors not thought of as risk governance or safety management contributors may play a positive role regarding safety. Building on these two observations and bridging the gap between risk communication and safety practices leads to a new, more societal perspective on risk communication, that allows for smart risk governance and safety management. This book is Open Access under a CC-BY licence.
    Keywords: Engineering ; Quality control ; Reliability ; Industrial safety ; Operations research ; Management science ; Communication ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTC Communication studies ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJT Operational research ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGP Production and industrial engineering::TGPR Reliability engineering
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: This open access book provides a concise explanation of the fundamentals and background of the surround sound recording and playback technology Ambisonics. It equips readers with the psychoacoustical, signal processing, acoustical, and mathematical knowledge needed to understand the inner workings of modern processing utilities, special equipment for recording, manipulation, and reproduction in the higher-order Ambisonic format. The book comes with various practical examples based on free software tools and open scientific data for reproducible research. The book’s introductory section offers a perspective on Ambisonics spanning from the origins of coincident recordings in the 1930s to the Ambisonic concepts of the 1970s, as well as classical ways of applying Ambisonics in first-order coincident sound scene recording and reproduction that have been practiced since the 1980s. As, from time to time, the underlying mathematics become quite involved, but should be comprehensive without sacrificing readability, the book includes an extensive mathematical appendix. The book offers readers a deeper understanding of Ambisonic technologies, and will especially benefit scientists, audio-system and audio-recording engineers. In the advanced sections of the book, fundamentals and modern techniques as higher-order Ambisonic decoding, 3D audio effects, and higher-order recording are explained. Those techniques are shown to be suitable to supply audience areas ranging from studio-sized to hundreds of listeners, or headphone-based playback, regardless whether it is live, interactive, or studio-produced 3D audio material.
    Keywords: Engineering ; Signal processing ; Image processing ; Speech processing systems ; Acoustical engineering ; Acoustics ; Music ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AV Music ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics::PHDS Wave mechanics (vibration and acoustics) ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TT Other technologies and applied sciences::TTA Acoustic and sound engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TT Other technologies and applied sciences::TTB Applied optics::TTBM Imaging systems and technology
    Language: English
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2014-12-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Giosan, Liviu -- Syvitski, James -- Constantinescu, Stefan -- Day, John -- England -- Nature. 2014 Dec 4;516(7529):31-3. doi: 10.1038/516031a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA. ; University of Colorado, Boulder, USA, and chair of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme. ; University of Bucharest, Romania. ; Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25471866" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Climate Change ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Engineering ; Environmental Policy ; Floods ; Oceans and Seas ; *Rivers
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2014-09-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stern, Paul C -- England -- Nature. 2014 Sep 4;513(7516):33. doi: 10.1038/513033b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Research Council, Washington DC, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25186891" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Behavior ; Conservation of Energy Resources/*economics/*methods ; Engineering ; *Environmental Policy/economics ; Humans ; *Interdisciplinary Studies
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 66
    Keywords: Engineering ; Natural disasters ; Geotechnical engineering ; Civil engineering ; Engineering ; Civil Engineering ; Natural Hazards ; Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface --- 1. The Full-Scale Laboratory: The Practice of Post-Earthquake Reconnaissance Missions and Their Contribution to Earthquake Engineering --- 2. Rapid Earthquake Loss Assessment after Damaging Earthquakes --- 3. Existing Buildings: The New Italian Provisions for Probabilistic Seismic Assessment --- 4. Seismic Response of Precast Industrial Buildings --- 5. The Role of Site Effects at The Boundary Between Seismology and Engineering: Lessons from Recent Earthquakes --- 6. Seismic Analysis and Design of Bridges with an Emphasis to Eurocode Standards --- 7. From Performance- and Displacement-Based Assessment of Existing Buildings per EN1998-3 to Design of New Concrete Structures in Fib MC2010 --- 8. Testing Historic Masonry Structural Elements and/or Building Models --- 9. Earthquake Risk Reduction: From Scenario Simulators Including Systemic Interdependency to Impact Indicators --- 10. Physics-Based Earthquake Ground Shaking Scenarios in Large Urban Areas --- 11. A Seismic Performance Classification Framework to Provide Increased Seismic Resilience --- 12. Towards Displacement-Based Seismic Design of Modern Unreinforced Masonry Structures --- 13. Pushover Analysis for Plan Irregular Building Structures --- 14. Recent Development and Application of Seismic Isolation and Energy Dissipation and Conditions for Their Correct Use --- 15. Conservation Principles and Performance-Based Strengthening of Heritage Buildings in Post-Event Reconstruction --- 16. Earthquake Risk Assessment: Present Shortcomings and Future Directions --- 17. The Role of Pile Diameter on Earthquake-Induced Bending --- 18. Predictive Models for Earthquake Response of Clay and Quick Clay Slopes.- 19. Recent Advances in Seismic Soil Liquefaction Engineering --- 20. Seismic Hazard and Seismic Design and Safety Aspects of Large Dam Projects
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 650 pages) , 373 illustrations, 263 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319071183
    Language: English
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Natural disasters ; Geotechnical engineering ; Civil engineering ; Engineering ; Civil Engineering ; Natural Hazards ; Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface --- 1. The Full-Scale Laboratory: The Practice of Post-Earthquake Reconnaissance Missions and Their Contribution to Earthquake Engineering --- 2. Rapid Earthquake Loss Assessment after Damaging Earthquakes --- 3. Existing Buildings: The New Italian Provisions for Probabilistic Seismic Assessment --- 4. Seismic Response of Precast Industrial Buildings --- 5. The Role of Site Effects at The Boundary Between Seismology and Engineering: Lessons from Recent Earthquakes --- 6. Seismic Analysis and Design of Bridges with an Emphasis to Eurocode Standards --- 7. From Performance- and Displacement-Based Assessment of Existing Buildings per EN1998-3 to Design of New Concrete Structures in Fib MC2010 --- 8. Testing Historic Masonry Structural Elements and/or Building Models --- 9. Earthquake Risk Reduction: From Scenario Simulators Including Systemic Interdependency to Impact Indicators --- 10. Physics-Based Earthquake Ground Shaking Scenarios in Large Urban Areas --- 11. A Seismic Performance Classification Framework to Provide Increased Seismic Resilience --- 12. Towards Displacement-Based Seismic Design of Modern Unreinforced Masonry Structures --- 13. Pushover Analysis for Plan Irregular Building Structures --- 14. Recent Development and Application of Seismic Isolation and Energy Dissipation and Conditions for Their Correct Use --- 15. Conservation Principles and Performance-Based Strengthening of Heritage Buildings in Post-Event Reconstruction --- 16. Earthquake Risk Assessment: Present Shortcomings and Future Directions --- 17. The Role of Pile Diameter on Earthquake-Induced Bending --- 18. Predictive Models for Earthquake Response of Clay and Quick Clay Slopes.- 19. Recent Advances in Seismic Soil Liquefaction Engineering --- 20. Seismic Hazard and Seismic Design and Safety Aspects of Large Dam Projects
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 650 pages) , 373 illustrations, 263 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319071183
    Language: English
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2013-08-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pauwels, Eleonore -- England -- Nature. 2013 Aug 29;500(7464):523-4. doi: 10.1038/500523a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington DC, USA. eleonore.pauwels@wilsoncenter.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23985856" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Communication ; Engineering ; *Metaphor ; Public Opinion ; Reproducibility of Results ; *Synthetic Biology ; *Terminology as Topic
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2013-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Piccolo, Stefano -- England -- Nature. 2013 Dec 12;504(7479):223-5. doi: 10.1038/504223a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua Medical School, 35126 Padua, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24336279" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Developmental Biology ; Education/*methods ; Engineering ; Genetic Engineering
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2012-04-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boesch, Donald -- England -- Nature. 2012 Apr 17;484(7394):289. doi: 10.1038/484289a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Cambridge. boesch@umces.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22517129" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Conservation of Natural Resources/trends ; Disasters/economics/prevention & control ; Ecology/trends ; Ecosystem ; Engineering ; Federal Government ; Gulf of Mexico ; Petroleum Pollution/adverse effects/economics/legislation & ; jurisprudence/*prevention & control ; *Risk Management/trends ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2011-10-15
    Description: A current limitation in nanoparticle superlattice engineering is that the identities of the particles being assembled often determine the structures that can be synthesized. Therefore, specific crystallographic symmetries or lattice parameters can only be achieved using specific nanoparticles as building blocks (and vice versa). We present six design rules that can be used to deliberately prepare nine distinct colloidal crystal structures, with control over lattice parameters on the 25- to 150-nanometer length scale. These design rules outline a strategy to independently adjust each of the relevant crystallographic parameters, including particle size (5 to 60 nanometers), periodicity, and interparticle distance. As such, this work represents an advance in synthesizing tailorable macroscale architectures comprising nanoscale materials in a predictable fashion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Macfarlane, Robert J -- Lee, Byeongdu -- Jones, Matthew R -- Harris, Nadine -- Schatz, George C -- Mirkin, Chad A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 14;334(6053):204-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1210493.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21998382" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Crystallization ; Crystallography ; DNA/*chemistry ; Engineering ; Metal Nanoparticles/*chemistry ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oligonucleotides/chemistry ; Particle Size ; Scattering, Small Angle ; Thermodynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2011-10-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Birch, Kristi -- Blackburn, Carol -- Brody, Linda -- Wallace, Patricia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 28;334(6055):467-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1196983.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Johns Hopkins University Center for Talented Youth, Baltimore, MD 21209, USA. kbirch@jhu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22034426" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Awards and Prizes ; Engineering ; *Internet ; Mathematics ; *Science ; Technology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2011-06-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Merali, Zeeya -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jun 17;332(6036):1376-7. doi: 10.1126/science.332.6036.1376.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21680824" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Engineering ; China ; Engineering ; *Equipment Design ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Housing ; Spacecraft ; *Stents
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2010-06-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hand, Eric -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jun 10;465(7299):673. doi: 10.1038/465673a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20535171" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: American Recovery and Reinvestment Act ; Budgets ; Engineering ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; India/ethnology ; Politics ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/economics/*organization & administration
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2010-01-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Keith, David W -- Parson, Edward -- Morgan, M Granger -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jan 28;463(7280):426-7. doi: 10.1038/463426a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada. keith@ucalgary.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20110972" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aerosols ; Engineering ; Global Warming/prevention & control ; International Cooperation ; *Radiation Protection/economics/methods ; *Research ; *Solar Energy
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-11-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leshner, Alan I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Nov 26;330(6008):1155. doi: 10.1126/science.1200554.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21109636" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Engineering ; *Financing, Government ; Policy Making ; Politics ; *Research Support as Topic ; *Science ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 77
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1999 (1999), S. 2147-2156 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Tetrapodal pentadentate ligand ; Ligand periphery ; Polydentate amine complex ; Nickel ; Podand ; Schiff base ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The tetrapodal pentaamine ligand 2,6-bis(1′,3′-diamino-2′-methylprop-2′-yl)pyridine (1), which contains four equivalent primary amino groups, can be derivatised partly or completely by Schiff base condensation with suitable carbonyl compounds. The new ligands thus obtained are mononucleating, as shown by the X-ray crystal structures of their respective nickel(II) complexes. Reaction of 1 with 1 equiv. of salicylaldehyde and subsequent reduction allows the selective modification of one of the four sidearms. The resulting ligand 2 is hexadentate and uninegative in its nickel(II) complex {[(2)Ni]PF6} (3) with both the secondary amine and the phenoxide functionalities coordinated to the metal centre. The unreduced Schiff base form of the ligand, 4, does not form a complex with nickel(II) as readily, and only a small quantity of the mixed salt {[(4)Ni][(1)Ni(H2O)](Br)2(PF6)} (5)has been obtained. While the overall coordination of 4 resembles that of 2, there is considerably more strain in the appended chelate ring, due to the presence of the C=N double bond. Modification of one arm in 1 can also be achieved by condensation with 1 equiv. of acetylacetone, to give the new ligand 6 which, likewise, is hexadentate in its NiII complex {[(6)Ni](PF6)2} (7). In this case, however, the N/O-functional sidearm is not deprotonated. Rather, it is coordinated as the keto-imine tautomer, making 7 a rare example of a metal complex containing this structural fragment. Two-fold functionalisation of 1 is observed upon reaction with acetone, regardless of whether the ketone is present in stoichiometric amounts or in excess, to give the pentadentate ligand 8with two diagonally juxtaposed isopropylidene-imine units. The complex isolated with this ligand {[(8)Ni](PF6)2} (9) contains pentacoordinate NiII, the sixth coordination site being blocked by the rigidly positioned isopropylidene groups. When reacted with 4 equiv. of trans-cinnamaldehyde, all the primary amino groups in 1 condense to give the four-fold Schiff base 10, which acts as a pentadentate podand towards nickel(II). In this complex, {[(10)Ni(OH2)]Br2} (11), an aqua ligand completes the coordination octahedron. All ligands are stable towards hydrolysis when coordinated to the metal, despite the presence of alkyl-imine groups in some cases.
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  • 78
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1999 (1999), S. 2157-2166 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Septadentate N5S2-ligand ; Dinuclear complexes ; Nickel ; Reactivity ; Redox chemistry ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The coordination chemistry of a series of dinickel complexes of the new septadentate amine-thiolate ligand N,N′-bis[2-thio-3-aminomethyl-5-tert-butylbenzyl]diethylenetriamine, H29, has been investigated in the context of ligand binding and oxidation state changes. The complexes [Ni2(9)(L)][ClO4]2 (10), [Ni2(9)(Cl)][Cl] (11), [Ni2(9)(L)][BPh4]2 (12), and [Ni2(9)(NCS)][OH·OH2] (13) have central N2Ni(μ-SR)2NiN′3L cores [L = labile solvent molecule (10, 12), Cl- (11), and NCS- (13)] composed of dithiolate bridged planar NiN2S2 and six-coordinate NiN′3S2L units. This is demonstrated for 11 and 13 by crystal structure determinations and for 10 and 12 by UV/Vis spectroscopy and room temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements. Complexes 10, 11, or 12 readily add other co-ligands at the NiN′3S2L fragment by substitution of the solvent molecule L (10, 12) or the chloride substituent (11). The overall structure of the parent complexes is not affected by the substitution reactions. An electrochemical study has shown that complex 10 undergoes two successive one-electron oxidations at +0.88 and +0.41 V vs SCE. The oxidized species are not thermally stable, but electronic absorption spectra and EPR spectra are indicative of the presence of NiIII species.
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  • 79
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1999 (1999), S. 2167-2172 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Macrocyclic compounds ; Amine-Thiolate Donors ; Polynuclear Complexes ; Nickel ; Condensation reactions ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A novel route to macrocyclic amine-thiophenolate ligands is described. The new, air-stable thiophenolate precursor 1,2-bis(4-tert-butyl-2,6-diformyl-phenylsulfanyl)ethane (4) is readily condensed with two equivalents of 1,2-ethanediamine or 1,3-propanediamine under medium to high dilution conditions to give 2 × 4 condensation products. The smaller 1 × 2 macrocyclic compounds are not produced under these conditions. Subsequent reduction with NaBH4 (reduction of imine groups) and Na/NH3 (reductive cleavage of aryl-alkylsulfides) provides the 36- and 40-membered amine-thiophenolate ligands H46a and H46b. The macrocyclic compounds are versatile ligands for the preparation of polynuclear transition metal complexes. With divalent nickel H46a forms the di- and tetranuclear complexes [Ni2(6a)] (7) and [Ni4(6a)][ClO4]4 (8). Reaction of 8 with four equivalents of NH4SCN yields the novel isothiocyanate complex [Ni4II(6a)(NCS)4]·10MeCN (9). The structure consists of well-separated molecules of the tetranuclear complex [NiII4(6a)(NCS)4] (Ci symmetry). Two symmetry-related binuclear [N2Ni(μ2-SR)2NiN4] fragments composed of thiolate-bridged distorted planar {N2S2Ni}- and distorted cis-octahedral {(SCN)2N2S2Ni} units reside within the cavity of the macrocycle. The intramolecular distance between the two binuclear units is 6.144(1) Å.
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  • 80
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1999 (1999), S. 2173-2185 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: EPR spectroscopy ; Metallocenylboranes ; Organovanadium radicals ; Redox chemistry (CV) ; X-ray diffraction ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The paramagnetic complexes di(mesityl)([5]trovacenyl)borane (5·), (mesityl)di([5]trovacenyl)borane (6··), and tri([5]trovacenyl)borane (7···) were prepared from [5]trovacenyllithium, (η5-C7H7)V(η5-C5H4Li), and (Mes)2BF, (Mes)BF2, and BF3, respectively. The propeller-shaped species 5·, 6··, and 7··· were subjected to X-ray diffraction with the aim of possibly correlating the twist angles with intramolecular intermetallic communication. Cyclic voltammetry points to successive vanadium-centered oxidation processes and boron-centered reduction, a small redox splitting δE1/2[(2+/+), (+/0)] being observed for 6··. According to EPR spectroscopy, performed in fluid solution, the exchange interaction J in the diradical 6·· approaches the fast-exchange region and is attenuated significantly by quaternization at boron in [6··-nBu]-. Although EPR spectroscopy of the triradical 7··· also indicates an extensive exchange interaction, the exchange parameters, derived from spectral simulation, follow the gradation J(7···) ≈ 1/3 J(6··). The magnetic susceptibility of 6·· and 7··· follows the same trend. As expected, compound 7··· exhibits spin frustration because it contains three antiferromagnetically coupled S = 1/2 systems that are arranged in an equilateral triangle.
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  • 81
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1999 (1999), S. 2187-2199 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Ansa compounds ; Cp-derived chelate ligands ; Neopentane chemistry ; Spiro compounds ; Tripodal ligands ; Cyclopentadienyl compounds ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The neopentane-derived functionalized oxetane O(CH2)2C(CH3)(CH2OMs), 1, reacts with indenyllithium (LiInd) or fluorenyllithium (LiFlu) to produce the derivatives O(CH2)2C(CH3)(CH2R) (R = indenyl, fluorenyl), 2. The oxetane ring of 2 undergoes nucleophilic ring-opening by reaction with LiPR′2 to give the chiral chelate ligands (HOCH2)(CH3)C(CH2R)(CH2PR′2) (R = indenyl, fluorenyl), 5. Nucleophilic ring-opening by LiInd or LiFlu is possible too, resulting in the functionalized ansa-Cp ligands (HOCH2)(CH3)C(CH2R)(CH2R′) (R, R′ = indenyl, fluorenyl), 12. Electrophilic ring-opening of 2 with HBr to give (HOCH2)(CH3)C(CH2R)(CH2Br) (R = indenyl, fluorenyl), 3, is also possible. The alcohol function of 3 may be activated directly, whereas activation of this group in 5 is only possible after BH3 protection of the phosphane function. The mesylates (MsOCH2)(CH3)C(CH2R)(CH2Br) (R = indenyl, fluorenyl), 4, undergo, under basic conditions, spiro cyclization to produce spirocyclobutane derivatives 9 with the α-carbons of the five-membered cycles acting as the spiro centres. Substitution of the mesylate group of 4 by PR2 nucleophiles is therefore not possible. Ansa-Cp derivative (MsOCH2)(CH3)C(CH2Ind)(CH2Flu), 12c also reacts with LiPPh2 with spiro cyclization to produce 9d, instead of giving the substitution product. Tripodal ligands (CH3)C(CH2R)(CHPPh2)2 (R = indenyl, fluorenyl), 11, are accessible by the reaction of (MsOCH2)(CH3)C(CH2PPh2)2 with LiInd or LiFlu. All compounds are fully characterized by the usual spectroscopic and analytical techniques including single-crystal X-ray analyses in several cases.
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  • 82
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1999 (1999), S. 2201-2207 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Carboxylate syn-anti ; N-centered tripodal ligand ; Manganese ; Imidazole ; Helicoïdal inorganic chiral chain ; Magnetism ; π-π interaction ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The crystal structure of an infinite inorganic chain consisting of MnII and an N-centered tripodal ligand N,N-(2-pyridylmethyl)[(1-methylimidazol-2-yl)-methyl]glycinate is presented. It exhibits a chiral helical structure with a pitch of two monomeric units (each monomeric unit containing one Mn atom). Each manganese is connected to its neighbor through a carboxylate bridge in a syn-anti geometry. Around each manganese center, two carboxylates bind in a cis geometry. This peculiar bridging geometry (syn-anticis) provides a broken-line chain, running in a zig-zag manner along the b axis of the P21 space group. The magnetic properties have been investigated. They show a pseudo-2D magnetic structure, with one major pathway along the chain and an inter-chain minor one. The intrachain coupling is a weak antiferromagnetic interaction (J/k = -0.25). This low value is entirely consistent with the geometry of the bridge. The interchain coupling is a weaker antiferromagnetic coupling (J′/k = -0.11) and could be mediated through π-π interactions between pyridine and imidazole from two adjacent helixes.
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  • 83
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1999 (1999), S. 2221-2231 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Calixarenes ; Inclusion compounds ; Imido Complexes ; Molybdenum ; Tungsten ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Syntheses, spectroscopic properties, molecular structures, and bonding of novel calix[4]arene imido compounds are described. Treatment of M(NtBu)2(NHtBu)2Ia (M = Mo), Ib (M = W) or M(NMes)2Cl2(dme) IIa (M = Mo), IIb (M = W) (Mes = 2,4,6-Me3-C6H2) with p-tBu-calix[4]arene LH4 affords calix[4]arene metal complexes LM(NR) 1a, b (M = Mo, W; R = tBu) and 2a, b (M = Mo, W; R = Mes). Analytical and spectroscopic data are consistent with monomeric structures for 1 and 2, retaining a local C4v symmetry for the calix[4]arene metal fragment. These complexes are well-suited to bind small molecules like acetonitrile, tBu-isonitrile, or water within their macrocyclic pockets. The spectroscopic data of some inclusion compounds and the crystal structures of LMo(NtBu)(NCMe) 1a(NCMe), LW(NtBu)(OH2) 1b(OH2), LW(NtBu)(CNtBu) 1b(CNt Bu), LMo(NMes)(NCMe) 2a(NCMe), and LW(NMes)(NCMe) 2b(NCMe) are reported. All complexes contain a group VI metal imido [M=NR] moiety mounted on the phenoxide rim of the calix[4]arene ligand as well as an incorporated guest molecule within the cavity. Some insights into the structures of complexes of the type L′W(NR′) (L′ = p-H-calix[4]arene; R′ = H, Me) and into bonding in these compounds are provided by density functional theory, applying the B-P86 density functional and an all SVP basis set within the RI-J-DFT approximation. At least one π bond is of importance for calix[4]arene-metal bonding in these compounds. The metal-imido bond can be described as a triple bond. A geometrically optimized minimum structure of L′W(NMe) 4 shows a calix[4]arene ligand only slightly distorted from a local C4v symmetry and an almost linear tungsten-imido moiety.
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  • 84
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Arsonium salts ; Superacidic systems ; Structure elicidation ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of trimethylarsane in the superacidic systems hydrogen/fluoride antimony pentafluoride and hydrogen fluoride/arsenic pentafluoride leads to trimethylarsonium fluorometallates. These salts are stable up to 60 °C and 5 °C, respectively. Structures were successfully elucidated in the cases of trimethylarsonium undecafluorodiarsenate and trimethylarsonium hexafluoroantimonate. (CH3)3AsH+As2F11- crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with four formula units per unit cell with the dimensions a = 7.362(1), b = 12.589(1), c = 13.598(1) Å and β = 95.37(1)°. (CH3)3AsH+SbF6- crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/m with four formula units per unit cell with the dimensions a = 8.313(1), b = 8.855(1), c = 13.285(1) Å and β = 94.358(1)°.
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  • 85
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Molybdenum ; μ-Oxo ; Conformational equilibrium ; X-ray diffraction ; NMR spectroscopy ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new thiocyanatomolybdenum(VI) dioxo-μ-oxo complex dimer bearing a 4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine ligand (2) is shown to exist in the crystal cell unit as a meso (Mo-O-Mo angle of 180°) and d,l, pair (Mo-O-Mo angle of 155.7°). These conformers are in equilibrium in solution and have been observed clearly by 1H NMR spectroscopy.
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  • 86
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Macrocycles ; Lithium ; Fluorescence ; Cryptands ; Coordination ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Three aza-cages with the anthracene-containing photoactive groups L1, L2, and L3 have been synthesized. All compounds are able to selectively encapsulate a lithium ion and solid complexes have been isolated. The formation equilibria have been investigated by UV/Vis and 1H, 13C and 7Li NMR spectroscopic techniques. The fluorescence emission of both free ligands and lithium complexes have been investigated. Results indicate that the CHEF (chelation enhancement of the fluorescence) effect obtained by lithium coordination exits although lower than that occurring upon full protonation.
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  • 87
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Copper ; Trinuclear complexes ; Formamidines ; Magnetism ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Three new copper(II) linear trinuclear compounds are reported, all of which were synthesized in-situ, with the general formula [Cu3(L)4](CF3SO3)2(Y)x, where L is the dehydronated ligand: N,N′-bis(pyridine-2-yl)formamidine (abbreviated as Hpdf), N,N′-bis(pyrimidine-2-yl)formamidine (abbreviated as Hpmf) and N,N′-bis(5-methylpyridine-2-yl)formamidine (abbreviated as Hmpdf), Y = EtOH or H2O and x = 0.5-1.5. The compounds were characterized by X-ray diffraction, IR, LF, and EPR spectroscopy and by magnetic susceptibility down to 4 K. The structure of the compound [Cu3(pmf)4](CF3SO3)2(H2O)1/2 was determined by X-ray crystallography; it was found to crystallise in the triclinic space group P-1 with a = 8.529(5), b = 15.760(5), c = 19.639(5) Å, α = 101.793(5), β = 101.263(5), γ = 102.389(5)°, Z = 2. The structure [Cu-Cu-Cu angle 174.96(11)°] consists of four nearly flat molecules of the ligand, which contribute to the propeller-type structure around the Cu-Cu-Cu axis. A strong antiferromagnetic interaction between the CuII ions is observed with calculated J values, based on the Hamiltonian H = -2J(S1·S2 + S2·S3) - 2J′·S1·S3, of -174(1) cm-1, -120(1) cm-1, and -167(1) cm-1 for the compounds studied with L = pdf, pmf, and mpdf, respectively. These values are in agreement with an S = 1/2 ground state below temperatures of 120-160 K.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1999 (1999), S. 2277-2281 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Boron ; Iron ; Nickel ; Carbyne complexes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The μ3-boryloxycarbyne complexes [{Fe(CO)3}3{μ3-COBCl{NtBu(SiMe3)}}2] (1) and [{(η5-C5H5)Ni}3{μ3-COBX(NR2)}μ3-CO] (2a: NR2 = NtBu(SiMe3), × = Cl; 2b: NR2 = N(SiMe3)2, × = Cl; 2c: NR2 = NMe2, × = BNMe2Cl) were obtained by reaction of the anionic complexes K2[{Fe(CO)3}3{μ3-CO}2] and K[{(η5-C5H5)Ni(CO)] with the corresponding chloroboranes Cl2BNR2 {NR2 = NtBu(SiMe3), N(SiMe3)2}, or 1,2-dichlorodiboranes(4) B2(NMe2)2Cl2, respectively. The products are formed by a nucleophilic attack of the CO oxygen atom at the boron centres with subsequent salt elimination. All compounds were characterized by IR and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, and the structures of 1 and 2c in the solid state were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies.
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  • 89
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1999 (1999), S. 1271-1279 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Chirality ; Dinuclear complexes ; Rhodium ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Dinuclear and polynuclear metal complexes with octahedral centers coordinated to di- or polydentate ligands are often obtained as complicated mixtures of various stereoisomers. Stereospecific synthesis of such species is therefore of high current interest. Chiral derivatives of pyridine can be used for this purpose. Dinuclear μ-chloro-bridged RhIII complexes with two didentate, cyclometalated thienylpyridine-type ligands at each metal center are formed stereoselectively when pinene groups are fused to the pyridine rings. The two octahedral RhIII centers have homochiral configurations, ΔΔ and ΛΛ. The heterochiral diastereomer ΔΛ is not observed. With (8R,10R)-2-(2′-thienyl)-4,5-pinenopyridine [Hth4,5-(R,R)ppy] the ΔΔ to ΛΛ ratio is 9:1 when the separation eluent contains NaCl. Modeling the ΛΛ and the ΔΛ isomers of the dinuclear species shows crowding of the pinene groups in both cases; however, the strain can be released by relatively small distortions only in the case of the ΛΛ isomer. NO3- cleaves the dichloro bridge, yielding the mononuclear species Δ[Rh(L2)2(NO3)] (2) in a completely stereoselective manner when NaCl is replaced by KNO3 in the eluent mixture. The molecular structure has been determined by X-ray structure analysis for both the ΔΔ and the mononuclear complex Δ[Rh(L2)2(NO3)] (2) in order to confirm the configuration at the metal center. 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and CD spectra were measured and the latter shows that the CD activity is solely due to the chirality at the metal center.
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  • 90
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1999 (1999), S. 1281-1289 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Phosphaalkynes ; Dimerization mechanism ; Diphosphacyclobutenes ; Density functional theory ; Ab initio calculations ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The dimerization of phosphaalkynes (R-C≡P, R = H, Me, tBu) without and with the presence of transition metal fragments, including CpCo (Cp = cyclopentadienyl) and COT-Ti (COT = cyclooctatetraene), has been probed using density functional theory calculations (B3LYP with different basis sets). MP2 and CCSD(T) calculations were also performed for the [H2C2P2] systems. In an attempt to address the exciting controversy and uncertainty about phosphaalkyne dimerization, a number of dimer formation mechanisms proposed in the literature have been examined. Some new and plausible intermediates have also been identified.
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  • 91
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1999 (1999), S. 1315-1324 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Ab initio calculations ; EHMO ; Vinylidene complexes ; Cobalt ; Rhodium ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The transformation of acetylene into vinylidene, as promoted by the metal fragment [(pp3)Co]+ [pp3 = P(CH2CH2PPh2)3], is unimolecular and features the hydride-acetylide species as an intermediate. The paper describes a detailed ab initio study of the reaction, in particular with regard to the step involving 1,3-H shift. The best computational results are obtained by mimicking the pp3 ligand with actual ethylenic chains rather than with single PH3 molecules. The keypoints along the two-step reaction path (π-acetylene, hydride-acetylide, and vinylidene complexes, as well as intermediate transition states) have been optimized for CoI and RhI derivatives at the MP2 level. For the fragment [(pp3)Co]+, the barrier associated with transformation of the hydride-acetylide intermediate to vinylidene (20.6 kcal/mol) is easier to surmount compared to that for reversion to the reactants (28.6 kcal/mol). The situation is reversed for the analogous RhI system, with the initial π-acetylene adduct being slightly more stable. Although higher in energy, the hydride-acetylide species is the experimentally detected product of the reaction of acetylene with the fragment [(pp3)Rh]+. The salient chemical aspects of the 1,3-H shift are discussed in terms of perturbation theory arguments. Parallel EHMO calculations, which have provided a relatively good consistency with the ab initio results, allow the proposal of an orbital rationale for the mode of migration of the hydride ligand along the substantially linear Co-Cα-Cβ grouping.
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  • 92
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1999 (1999), S. 1335-1342 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Photolysis ; Alkynes ; Matrix isolation ; DFT ; Oxygenations ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photolytically-induced reactions of chromyl chloride with acetylene and but-2-yne (dimethylacetylene) in low-temperature argon matrices yield end-on ketene and dimethylketene complexes of O=CrCl2, respectively. The product formation probably results from an electrophilic attack of a Cr=O linkage on the C≡C triple bonds, leading to radical-like transition states or intermediates, which subsequently rearrange through 1,2-H or 1,2-methyl shifts. Consequently, allene is attacked at its central carbon and the allyl radical thus generated undergoes subsequent ring-closure to give a cyclopropanone complex of O=CrCl2.
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  • 93
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Copper chelates ; EPR spectroscopy ; Electronic structure ; Schiff base ligands ; Structure elucidation ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A series of tetrahedrally distorted copper(II) complexes with thiolate and imine coordination were synthesized. Schiff bases derived from 4-benzoyl-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazoline-5-thione and various diamines were used as tetradentate ligands to obtain tetrahedrally distorted metal chelates with [CuN2S2] complex units. Crystal structures of the complexes 1, 2, 5 and 6 and of ligand H25 have been determined by means of single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. The structure data show a strong influence of the diamine building blocks on the tetrahedral distortion of the copper(II) complexes. Results of Extended Hückel LCAO calculations correlate strongly with structural, electrochemical, UV/Vis- and EPR-spectroscopic features obtained experimentally. The calculations confirm for the whole complex series a strong delocalization of the frontier orbitals. The highest fully occupied molecular orbital shows a weak contribution, resulting from thiolate donor atoms, whereas the antibonding singly occupied molecular orbitals (SOMOs) are distributed between the copper(II) centre (ca. 35-40%) and the N2S2 donor set. The SOMO energy significantly lowers with increasing tetrahedral distortion of the coordination sphere. The influence of the tetrahedral distortion of copper(II) complexes on redox potentials, UV/Vis and EPR spectra is discussed.
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  • 94
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Half-sandwich complexes ; Molybdenum ; Optically active complexes ; Rhenium ; Tungsten ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of (η5-PinCp*)Re(CO)3 [PinCp* = tetramethyl(pinanyl)cyclopentadienyl] is described. Successive substitution of two CO ligands by NO+ and PPh3 generates a 1:1 diastereomeric mixture of chiral-at-metal [(SRe)/(RRe)-(PinCp*)Re(CO)(NO)(PPh3)]BF4. The diastereomers are converted with sodium methoxide into the derivative “esters” (SRe)/(RRe)-(PinCp*)Re(COOCH3)(NO)(PPh3), and then with (+)-(R)-(1-naphthylethyl)amine to the “amides” (SRe)/(RRe)-(PinCp*)Re(NO)(PPh3)[CONHCH(CH3)C10H7] [(SRe)/(RRe) = 1:1]. Fractional crystallisation separates the (SRe) isomer with an optical purity of 〉 98%. The latter compound has been characterized by X-ray structure analysis. By treating the (SRe)-amide with CF3CO2H and NaBF4, (SRe)-(PinCp*)Re(CH3)(NO)(PPh3) can be generated. Protolysis of this compound with HBF4/Et2O in CD2Cl2 at -78 °C leads to the solvent-stabilized complex (SRe)-[(PinCp*)Re(NO)(PPh3)(ClCD2Cl)]+BF4-. The thermal and configurational stability of this chiral Lewis acid is investigated at various temperatures. The syntheses of [PinCp*RhCl2]2, PinCp*TiCl3 and PinCp*M(CO)2(NO) (M = Mo, W) are also described. Starting with PinCp*M(CO)2(NO), the relatively stable 16-VE complexes PinCp*MCl2(NO) and PinCp*W(CH2SiMe3)2(NO) are synthesized.
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  • 95
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: 2,2′-Bipyridines ; Chelate complexes ; Hydrogen bonding ; π-π stacking ; Crystal structure ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new synthetic route for the synthesis of 5,5′-diamino-2,2-bipyridine (5) based on the coupling of 2-chloro-5-aminopyridine in the presence of NiCl2 × 6 H2O/PPh3/Zn in dimethylformamide is described. The reactions of the potentially ambidentate ligand 5 with salts of the transition metals Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag, and Cd gave a variety of 13 metal-ligand complexes depending on the anion, the crystallization conditions and the metal-to-ligand ratio. The complexes obtained were characterized by thermal analyses, NMR including 113Cd-NMR, IR, and for the iron complex 57Fe-Mößbauer spectroscopy. The structure of eight of the compounds was elucidated by X-ray crystallography. All of these metal complexes show a bipyridine-metal coordination. The amino functionality was never involved in metal coordination. The intermolecular arrangement is dictated by hydrogen bonding from the amino functionality and by π-π stacking of the bipyridine rings.Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2005/1999/99078_s.pdf or from the author.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 96
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Iron(III) ; Peroxo Complexes ; Kinetics ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Catalase ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The new diiron complex [Fe2(tbpo){O2As(CH3)2}(CH3O)(CH3OH)](ClO4)3 · 5 CH3OH · 2 H2O (1) containing a (μ-alkoxo)(μ-dimethylarsinato)diiron(III) core was synthesized using the heptadentate ligand N,N,N′,N′-Tetrakis(2-benzimidazolylmethyl)-1,3-diamino-2-propanol (Htbpo). The complex was characterized structurally by X-ray crystallography. 1reproduces the coordination mode and the stoichiometry of the proposed purple acid phosphatase-arsenate inhibitor complex. More importantly, 1 is a good functional model for the activation of small molecules, since the solvent molecule in the coordination sphere of each iron ion can be substituted very easily by a small substrate molecule. This is confirmed by the comparatively high pH-dependent catalase-like activity of 1. In order to study the influence of the cacodylate bridge on the formation of the metastable adduct with hydrogen peroxide, the analogous hydroxo-bridged complex [Fe2(tbpo)(OH)(NO3)2](NO3)2 · CH3OH · 2 H2O (2) was employed. The reactions of 1and 2 with H2O2 were studied as a function of [H2O2], pH, temperature, and pressure, and the kinetic results including the activation parameters are reported. In the case of compound 2 the reaction proceeds in one step, and the observed first order rate constant, kobs, shows a linear dependence on the hydrogen peroxide concentration with a zero intercept. For complex 1 the kinetic traces could be fitted to two exponential functions. One of the observed pseudo-first-order rate constants, kobs1, exhibits a linear dependence on the hydrogen peroxide concentration with a zero intercept, whereas the other rate constant, kobs2, was independent of the hydrogen peroxide concentration. A mechanistic interpretation is presented.Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2005/1999/99068_s.pdf or from the author.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 97
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Ruthenium ; Coordination chemistry ; Paramagnetic complexes ; Magnetic properties ; Ion exchange ; Antitumor agents ; Colon tumors ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Indazolium trans-tetrachlorobis(indazole)ruthenate(III) exhibits excellent results against different tumor models in vitro and in vivo. To improve the water solubility necessary for the introduction of this tumor-inhibiting compound into clinical trials, we synthesized the corresponding sodium salt in a two-step ion exchange via the tetramethylammonium salt. The sodium salt shows a 35-fold higher solubility in water relative to the indazolium salt. We also synthesized the n-butylammonium, n-octylammonium, and tetraphenylphosphonium salts, all of which showed improved solubility in organic solvents. The X-ray crystal structure of the latter could be solved, proving the trans configuration of the complex anion. In spite of the paramagnetic RuIII center an assignement of the coordinated indazole protons could be made with the help of a COSY experiment.
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1999 (1999), S. 2355-2368 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Phosphane complexes ; Lithium ; Aminophosphanes ; Hydrazides ; (N-lithioamino)diorganophosphanes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Butyllithium (nBuLi) deprotonates Ph2P-NHtBu in ether to give (Ph2P-NLitBu)2·OEt2. There is no Li···P interaction in this molecule. Three compounds of the type R′P(NLiR)2 have been obtained by lithiation of R′P(NHR)2, isolated as [BuP(NLitBu)2·OEt2]2, [PhP(NLiPh)2·OEt2]2 and [PhP(NLiPh)2]2. Reaction of nBuLi with MeP(NHiPr)2 in hexane/THF leads to [MeP{N(Li)iPr]2·THF}4 with an asymmetric cluster structure comprising one LiP3, three LiPN2, three LiP2N and one LiN3 cluster units. The molecular structures of these compounds as determined by X-ray structure analysis show that they are best depicted as N-lithioaminophosphanes and not as the isomeric P-lithioiminophosphoranes.
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  • 99
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Alkylation ; Carbonyl complexes ; Lewis acids ; Phosphaalkenes ; Protonation ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of the carbonyl-functionalized phosphaalkenes RC(O)P=C(NMe2)2 [R = tBu (2a), Ph (2b)] with protic acids and alkylating reagents occurred at the two-coordinate phosphorus atom to give the phosphanyl-substituted carbocations 3a,b and 4a,b. In contrast, treatment with Me3SiOSO2CF3 resulted in attack at the oxygen atom by the silyl group, and the formation of [RC(OSiMe3)=PC(NMe2)2]SO3CF3 (5a,b). Similarly, the Lewis acids B(C6F5)3, Al(tBu)2Cl and AlMe3 were ligated to the oxygen atom of the carbonyl group. Two equivalents of GaMe3 were added to the oxygen and phosphorus atom of the phosphaalkene to yield the thermolabile complexes [RC(OGaMe3)=P(GaMe3)C(NMe2)2] (10a,b). In contrast, one molecule of InMe3 was bound to the phosphorus center of the phosphorus compound. Reaction of the phosphaalkenes with [Ni(CO)4], [Fe2(CO)9] or [{(Z)-cyclooctene}Cr(CO)5] also took place at the pnictogen atom, resulting in complexes of the type [RC(O)P{M(CO)n}C(NMe2)2] (R = tBu, Ph; M = Ni, n = 3; Fe, n = 4; Cr, n = 5). The chemical transformations reported here underline the versatile chemistry of phosphaalkenes and emphasize a relationship between carbonyl-functionalized phosphaalkenes and the well-investigated class of phosphorus ylides. X-ray structures of compounds 6b, 7b*, 10a, 11a and 12a are reported.
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1999 (1999), S. 2127-2134 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Gallium ; Azides ; Chemical vapour deposition ; Gallium nitride ; Single source precursors ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis, properties and X-ray single crystal structure analysis of the intramolecularly adduct-stabilised organogallium bisazide (N3)2Ga[(CH2)3NMe2] (1), the mono azide (N3)Ga[(CH2)3NMe2]2 (2) and the trialkylamine adducts of triazidogallium of the type (N3)3Ga(NR3) (3a-d; R = alkyl) are reported. An unusual isomer 1b of compound 1 is described, which was obtained by slow cooling of the analytically pure neat liquid compound 1 to 0 °C. The new and unusual structure 1b can be regarded as a weak associate of dimers linked together by head-to-tail azide bridges. In contrast, compounds 2 and 3a-b (R = CH3, C2H5) are monomeric in the solid state. The suitability of the volatile compounds 1 and 2 as single source precursors to grow GaN thin films by chemical vapour deposition is compared, showing that preferentially oriented crystalline films can be obtained from compound 2 on sapphire substrates at 600-700 °C in vacuo (0.1 Pa). However the films have a grey rather than a transparent appearance, which is presumably due to N-deficiency owing to the lower N-content of the single molecule precursor 2 relative to 1.
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