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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (31,922)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • 2020-2024  (22)
  • 1970-1974  (31,916)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: PI3K biology; lymphoma; cancer
    Keywords: PI3K biology; lymphoma; cancer ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: oncogenic drivers; signaling; pathways; hematologic malignancies; cancer
    Keywords: oncogenic drivers; signaling; pathways; hematologic malignancies; cancer ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  EPIC3Science Advances, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 9(50), ISSN: 2375-2548
    Publication Date: 2023-12-18
    Description: Antarctic krill, crucial to the Southern Ocean ecosystem and a vital fisheries resource, is endangered by climate change. Identifying drivers of krill biomass is therefore essential for determining catch limits and designating protection zones. We present a modeling approach to pinpointing effects of sea surface temperature, ice cover, chlorophyll levels, climate indices, and intraspecific competition. Our study reveals that larval recruitment is driven by both competition among age classes and chlorophyll levels. In addition, while milder ice and temperature in spring and summer favor reproduction and early larval survival, both larvae and juveniles strongly benefit from heavier ice and colder temperatures in winter. We conclude that omitting top-down control of resources by krill is only acceptable for retrospective or single-year prognostic models that use field chlorophyll data but that incorporating intraspecific competition is essential for longer-term forecasts. Our findings can guide future krill modeling strategies, reinforcing the sustainability of this keystone species.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  EPIC3Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 378(6617), pp. 230-230, ISSN: 0036-8075
    Publication Date: 2023-05-10
    Description: 〈jats:p〉 Next week, the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) convenes in Hobart, Tasmania, to examine the state of marine life in the Southern Ocean. As part of the Antarctic Treaty System, this convention entered into force in 1982, and its focus on the region’s environmental integrity has never been more important, given the increasing effects of climate change and commercial fishing. An important focus over the past 40 years has been Antarctic krill, 〈jats:italic〉Euphausia superba〈/jats:italic〉 (hereafter krill), a keystone species that helps to hold this marine ecosystem together. Climate and fishing stresses should prompt the CCAMLR to address whether management of krill fishing is at a level that protects the Southern Ocean from losing its overall balance of marine life and the oceanic processes that regulate global climate. 〈/jats:p〉
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: 〈jats:p〉Arctic Ocean gateway fluxes play a crucial role in linking the Arctic with the global ocean and affecting climate and marine ecosystems. We reviewed past studies on Arctic–Subarctic ocean linkages and examined their changes and driving mechanisms. Our review highlights that radical changes occurred in the inflows and outflows of the Arctic Ocean during the 2010s. Specifically, the Pacific inflow temperature in the Bering Strait and Atlantic inflow temperature in the Fram Strait hit record highs, while the Pacific inflow salinity in the Bering Strait and Arctic outflow salinity in the Davis and Fram straits hit record lows. Both the ocean heat convergence from lower latitudes to the Arctic and the hydrological cycle connecting the Arctic with Subarctic seas were stronger in 2000–2020 than in 1980–2000. CMIP6 models project a continuing increase in poleward ocean heat convergence in the 21st century, mainly due to warming of inflow waters. They also predict an increase in freshwater input to the Arctic Ocean, with the largest increase in freshwater export expected to occur in the Fram Strait due to both increased ocean volume export and decreased salinity. Fram Strait sea ice volume export hit a record low in the 2010s and is projected to continue to decrease along with Arctic sea ice decline. We quantitatively attribute the variability of the volume, heat, and freshwater transports in the Arctic gateways to forcing within and outside the Arctic based on dedicated numerical simulations and emphasize the importance of both origins in driving the variability.〈/jats:p〉
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-01-20
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-01-31
    Description: The response of permafrost to submergence can vary between ice-rich late Pleistocene deposits and the thermokarst basins that thawed out during the Holocene. We hypothesize that inundated Alases offshore thaw faster than submerged Yedoma. To test this hypothesis, we estimated depths to the top of ice-bearing permafrost offshore of the Bykovsky Peninsula in northeast Siberia using electrical resistivity surveys. The surveys traversed submerged lagoon deposits, drained and refrozen Alas deposits, and undisturbed Yedoma from the coastline to 373 m offshore. While the permafrost degradation rates of the submerged Yedoma were in the range of similar sites, the submerged Alas permafrost degradation rates were up to 170% faster. Given the abundance of thermokarst basins and lakes along parts of the Arctic coastline, its effect on subsea permafrost degradation must be similarly prevalent. Remote sensing analyses suggest that 54% of lagoons wider than 500 m originated in thermokarst basins.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024-01-31
    Description: Permafrost thaw leads to thermokarst lake formation and talik growth tens of meters deep, enabling microbial decomposition of formerly frozen organic matter (OM). We analyzed two 17-m-long thermokarst lake sediment cores taken in Central Yakutia, Russia. One core was from an Alas lake in a Holocene thermokarst basin that underwent multiple lake generations, and the second core from a young Yedoma upland lake (formed ca. 70 years ago) whose sediments have thawed for the first time since deposition. This comparison provides a glance into OM fate in thawing Yedoma deposits. We analyzed total organic carbon (TOC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content, n-alkanes concentrations, and bacterial and archaeal membrane markers. Furthermore, we conducted one-year-long incubations (4 °C, dark) and measured anaerobic carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) production. The sediments from both cores contained little TOC (0.7±0.4 wt%), but DOC values were relatively high, with highest values in the frozen Yedoma lake sediments (1620 mg L-1). Cumulative GHG production after one year was highest in the Yedoma lake sediments (226±212 μg CO2-C gdw-1, 28±36 μg CH4-C gdw-1) and 3 and 1.5 times lower in the Alas lake sediments, respectively (75±76 μg CO2-C gdw-1, 19±29 μg CH4-C gdw-1). The highest CO2 production in the frozen Yedoma lake sediments likely results from decomposition of readily bioavailable OM, while highest CH4 production in the non-frozen top sediments of this core suggests that methanogenic communities established upon thaw. The lower GHG production in the non-frozen Alas lake sediments resulted from advanced OM decomposition during Holocene talik development. Furthermore, we found that drivers of CO2 and CH4 production differ following thaw. Our results suggest that GHG production from TOC-poor mineral deposits, which are widespread throughout the Arctic, can be substantial. Therefore, our novel data are relevant for vast ice-rich permafrost deposits vulnerable to thermokarst formation.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 9
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    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  EPIC3Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, Wiley-Blackwell, 32(1), pp. 59-75, ISSN: 1045-6740
    Publication Date: 2024-01-31
    Description: Thermal erosion is a major mechanism of permafrost degradation, resulting in characteristic landforms. We inventory thermo-erosional valleys in ice-rich coastal lowlands adjacent to the Siberian Laptev Sea based on remote sensing, Geographic Information System (GIS), and field investigations for a first regional assessment of their spatial distribution and characteristics. Three study areas with similar geological (Yedoma Ice Complex) but diverse geomorphological conditions vary in valley areal extent, incision depth, and branching geometry. The most extensive valley networks are incised deeply (up to 35 m) into the broad inclined lowland around Mamontov Klyk. The flat, low-lying plain forming the Buor Khaya Peninsula is more degraded by thermokarst and characterized by long valleys of lower depth with short tributaries. Small, isolated Yedoma Ice Complex remnants in the Lena River Delta predominantly exhibit shorter but deep valleys. Based on these hydrographical network and topography assessments, we discuss geomorphological and hydrological connections to erosion processes. Relative catchment size along with regional slope interact with other Holocene relief-forming processes such as thermokarst and neotectonics. Our findings suggest that thermo-erosional valleys are prominent, hitherto overlooked permafrost degradation landforms that add to impacts on biogeochemical cycling, sediment transport, and hydrology in the degrading Siberian Yedoma Ice Complex.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 10
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  EPIC3Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 383(6685), pp. 884-890, ISSN: 0036-8075
    Publication Date: 2024-03-21
    Description: Much of our understanding of Cenozoic climate is based on the record of δ18O measured in benthic foraminifera. However, this measurement reflects a combined signal of global temperature and sea level, thus preventing a clear understanding of the interactions and feedbacks of the climate system in causing global temperature change. Our new reconstruction of temperature change over the past 4.5 million years includes two phases of long-term cooling, with the second phase of accelerated cooling during the Middle Pleistocene Transition (1.5 to 0.9 million years ago) being accompanied by a transition from dominant 41,000-year low-amplitude periodicity to dominant 100,000-year high-amplitude periodicity. Changes in the rates of long-term cooling and variability are consistent with changes in the carbon cycle driven initially by geologic processes, followed by additional changes in the Southern Ocean carbon cycle. 〈/jats:p〉
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2024-03-22
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 12
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  EPIC3Science Advances, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 9(8), pp. eabq4632-eabq4632, ISSN: 2375-2548
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: 〈jats:p〉Comprehensive sampling of natural genetic diversity with metagenomics enables highly resolved insights into the interplay between ecology and evolution. However, resolving adaptive, neutral, or purifying processes of evolution from intrapopulation genomic variation remains a challenge, partly due to the sole reliance on gene sequences to interpret variants. Here, we describe an approach to analyze genetic variation in the context of predicted protein structures and apply it to a marine microbial population within the SAR11 subclade 1a.3.V, which dominates low-latitude surface oceans. Our analyses reveal a tight association between genetic variation and protein structure. In a central gene in nitrogen metabolism, we observe decreased occurrence of nonsynonymous variants from ligand-binding sites as a function of nitrate concentrations, revealing genetic targets of distinct evolutionary pressures maintained by nutrient availability. Our work yields insights into the governing principles of evolution and enables structure-aware investigations of microbial population genetics.〈/jats:p〉
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2024-04-22
    Description: Large stocks of soil organic carbon (SOC) have accumulated in the northern hemisphere permafrost region, but their current mounts and future fate remain uncertain. By analyzing an unprecedented dataset combining 〉2,700 soil profiles with environmental variables in a geospatial framework, we generated spatially explicit estimates of permafrost-region SOC stocks, quantified spatial heterogeneity, and identified key environmental predictors. We estimated 1014−175+194 Pg C are stored in the top 3 m of permafrost region soils. The greatest uncertainties occurred in circumpolar toe-slope positions and in flat areas of the Tibetan region. We found that soil wetness index and elevation are the dominant topographic controllers and surface air temperature (circumpolar region) and precipitation (Tibetan region) are significant climatic controllers of SOC stocks. Our results provide the first high-resolution geospatial assessment of permafrost region SOC stocks and their relationships with environmental factors, which are crucial for modeling the response of permafrost affected soils to changing climate.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 14
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  EPIC3Science Advances, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 9(26), pp. eadf9696-eadf9696, ISSN: 2375-2548
    Publication Date: 2024-03-01
    Description: Dissolved iron (dFe) availability limits the uptake of atmospheric CO2 by the Southern Ocean (SO) biological pump. Hence, any change in bioavailable dFe in this region can directly influence climate. On the basis of Fe uptake experiments with Phaeocystis antarctica, we show that the range of dFe bioavailability in natural samples is wider (〈1 to ~200% compared to free inorganic Fe′) than previously thought, with higher bioavailability found near glacial sources. The degree of bioavailability varied regardless of in situ dFe concentration and depth, challenging the consensus that sole dFe concentrations can be used to predict Fe uptake in modeling studies. Further, our data suggest a disproportionately major role of biologically mediated ligands and encourage revisiting the role of humic substances in influencing marine Fe biogeochemical cycling in the SO. Last, we describe a linkage between in situ dFe bioavailability and isotopic signatures that, we anticipate, will stimulate future research.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 15
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  EPIC3Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Research, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 2, ISSN: 2771-0378
    Publication Date: 2024-02-13
    Description: 〈jats:p〉Rapidly shrinking Arctic sea ice has had substantial impacts on the Earth system. Therefore, reliably estimating the Arctic sea-ice thickness (SIT) using a combination of available observations and numerical modeling is urgently needed. Here, for the first time, we assimilate the latest CryoSat-2 summer SIT data into a coupled ice-ocean model. In particular, an incremental analysis update scheme is implemented to overcome the discontinuity resulting from the combined assimilation of biweekly SIT and daily sea-ice concentration (SIC) data. Along with improved estimates of sea-ice volume, our SIT estimates corrected the overestimation of SIT produced by the reanalysis that assimilates only SIC in summer in areas where the sea ice is roughest and experiences strong deformation, e.g., around the Fram Strait and Greenland. This study suggests that the newly developed CryoSat-2 SIT product, when assimilated properly using our approach, has great potential for Arctic sea-ice simulation and prediction.〈/jats:p〉
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 16
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  EPIC3Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 382(6677), pp. 1384-1389, ISSN: 0036-8075
    Publication Date: 2024-02-22
    Description: The marine-based West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) is considered vulnerable to irreversible collapse under future climate trajectories, and its tipping point may lie within the mitigated warming scenarios of 1.5° to 2°C of the United Nations Paris Agreement. Knowledge of ice loss during similarly warm past climates could resolve this uncertainty, including the Last Interglacial when global sea levels were 5 to 10 meters higher than today and global average temperatures were 0.5° to 1.5°C warmer than preindustrial levels. Using a panel of genome-wide, single-nucleotide polymorphisms of a circum-Antarctic octopus, we show persistent, historic signals of gene flow only possible with complete WAIS collapse. Our results provide the first empirical evidence that the tipping point of WAIS loss could be reached even under stringent climate mitigation scenarios.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 17
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  EPIC3Science Advances, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 9(44), pp. eadg2639-eadg2639, ISSN: 2375-2548
    Publication Date: 2024-04-24
    Description: Paleoceanographic reconstructions show that the strength of North Atlantic currents decreased during the Little Ice Age. In contrast, the role of ocean circulation in climate regulation during earlier historical epochs of the Common Era (C.E.) remains unclear. Here, we reconstruct sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity in the Caribbean Basin for the past 1700 years using the isotopic and elemental composition of planktic foraminifera tests. Centennial-scale SST and salinity variations in the Caribbean co-occur with (hydro)climate changes in the Northern Hemisphere and are linked to a North Atlantic SST forcing. Cold phases around 600, 800, and 1400 to 1600 C.E. are characterized by Caribbean salinification and Gulf of Mexico freshening that implies reductions in the strength of North Atlantic surface circulation. We suggest that the associated changes in the meridional salt advection contributed to the historical climate variability of the C.E.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 18
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    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  EPIC3Reviews in Aquaculture, Wiley-Blackwell, ISSN: 1753-5123
    Publication Date: 2024-05-06
    Description: Mass mortality events (MMEs) are defined as the death of large numbers of fish over a short period of time. These events can result in catastrophic losses to the Atlantic salmon aquaculture industry and the local economy. However, they are challenging to understand because of their relative infrequency and the high number of potential factors involved. As a result, the causes and consequences of MMEs in Atlantic salmon aquaculture are not well understood. In this study, we developed a structural network of causal risk factors for MMEs for aquaculture and the communities that depend on Atlantic salmon aquaculture. Using the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) technique, we analysed the causes of Atlantic salmon mass mortalities due to environmental (abiotic), biological (biotic) and nutritional risk factors. The consequences of MMEs were also assessed for the occupational health and safety of aquaculture workers and their implications for the livelihoods of local communities. This structural network deepens our understanding of MMEs and points to management actions and interventions that can help mitigate mass mortalities. MMEs are typically not the result of a single risk factor but are caused by the systematic interaction of risk factors related to the environment, fish diseases, feeding/nutrition and cage-site management. Results also indicate that considerations of health and safety risk, through pre- and post-event risk assessments, may help to minimize workplace injuries and eliminate potential risks of human fatalities. Company and government assisted socio-economic measures could help mitigate post-mass mortality impacts. Appropriate and timely management actions may help reduce MMEs at Atlantic salmon cage sites and minimize the physical and social vulnerabilities of workers and local communities.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 203-204 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 1 (1970), S. 195-204 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Determination of Orientation of moulded Polystyrene by means of a special indentation hardness testThe orientation of molecules of injection moulded Polystyrene type PS 168 N (BASF) was qualitatively measured by means of a special hardness testing device. With increasing orientation there was a decrease of indentation normal of the orientation and vice versa. Moulded parts showed no orientation-dependant indentation after quenching.
    Notes: Die Molekularorientierung von spritzgegossenen Teilen aus Polystyrol (PS 168 N der BASF) wurde im Prinzip meßtechnisch mit Hilfe eines Sonderprüfkörpers aus Diamant zerstörungsarm erfaßt. Je höher die Orientierung, desto geringere Eindringtiefen wurden senkrecht zur Orientierung gemessen. Parallel zur Orientierungsrichtung drang der Sonderprüfkörper am tiefsten ein. Gepreßte und speziell abgekühlte PS-Proben zeigten keine derartige Richtungsabhängigkeit der Eindringtiefen, jedoch ergaben sich hier um so größere Tiefen, je größer die Abkühlspannungen waren.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 1 (1970), S. 182-187 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Fabrication of special materials by Isostatic Hot PressingThe process of Isostatic Hot Pressing is described. The principle of compaction is explained. A review of earlier work in the literature is given. The plant in Karlsruhe  -  the first in the BRD  -  is described.The technique of right sample preparation is shown by 2 examples. One of those is the compaction of an UO2-Mo-cermet.During Isostatic Hot Pressing a metallurgical bonding between can and fuel is observed.Some applications of the new process are: the fabrication of fuel pins for fast breeder reactors, cathodes and collectors for thermionic emitters, thermal shock resistant ceramics and metal-ceramic diffusion bonds.In the field of high speed steel and hard-metal with improved lifetime, the new process is advancing.
    Notes: Es wird Über das neuartige Verfahren des isostatischen Heißpressens berichtet. Das Verdichtungsprinzip wird erläutert. Nach einer Literaturschau Über bisherige Arbeiten auf diesem neuartigen Gebiet der Pulvermetallurgie wird die Karlsruher Anlage  -  die erste dieser Art in der BRD  -  beschrieben.Die Technik der richtigen Probenvorbereitung für diesen Prozeß wird anhand der Herstellung von stabförmigen Massiv- und Rohrproben erläutert. Als Beispiel wird die Herstellung eines Cermets des Systems Urandioxid-Molybdän beschrieben. Ein interessanter Nebeneffekt beim isostatischen Heißpressen stellt das Warmverschweißen des Preßlings mit dem Hüllrohr dar.Mögliche Anwendungsgebiete des neuen Verfahrens sind die Herstellung von Brennstäben für schnelle Brutreaktoren, Kathoden und Kollektoren für thermionische Emitter, temperaturwechselbeständige, metallhaltige Keramiken und Sonderkeramiken und Systeme mit Metall-Keramik-Diffusions-Übergängen. Auf dem Gebiet der Werkzeuge aus Schnellstahl bzw. Hartmetall mit hoher Standzeit ist diese Verfahrenstechnik im Vordringen.
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  • 22
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 243-250 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Nonmetallic high-temperature materials. Some special ceramics are considered as materials for applications above 1100°C. They exhibit good heat strength, excellent corrosion resistance and with some limitations sufficient thermal shock and impact resistance. Compared to metals, this interesting type of materials require more development.
    Notes: Einige Sonderkeramiken kommen als Werkstoffe für Temperaturbeanspruchungen oberhalb von 1100°C in Betracht. Sie verfügen über ausreichende Warmfestigkeiten und gute Korrosionseigenschaften und mit einigen Einschränkungen auch über einen brauchbaren Thermoschock- und Schlagwiderstand. Im Vergleich zu den Metallen ist diese interessante Materialklasse noch sehr entwicklungsfähig.
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 250-258 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Diffusion Bonding of Titanium Alloys. Diffusion bonding is a 4 stage process involving surface deformation atomic bonding interface diffusion and grain growth. These processes can proceed in the above order or more or less simultaneously. The effect of production parameters and material properties on the basic mechanisms is investigated. Several diffusion bonding techniques for industrial applications have been developed and are discussed in detail. Experience with the diffusion bonding of titanium alloys has shown that base material properties may be obtained in the weld zone. Actual parts fabricated by diffusion bonding sometimes show higher strength than made without welding. Some of the difficulties associated with diffusion bonding are presented. The economical and technical advantages of the diffusion bonding process are shown by reference to typical applications where this technique can be successfully applied.
    Notes: Beim Diffusionsschweißen laufen teils nacheinander, teils gleich-zeitig vier Prozesse ab: Oberflächenverformung, atomare Bindung, Grenzflächendiffusion und Kornwachstum.- Es wird untersucht, wie diese einzelnen Vorgänge jeweils von den technologischen Verfahrens-und Materialparametern abhängen, wobei teilweise eine mathematische Erfassung möglich ist. Für die technische Durchführung der Diffusionsschweißung stehen mehrere Verfahren zur Verfügung, deren Vorteile und Nachteile diskutiert werden. - Die bisherigen Erfahrungen mit dem Diffusions-schweißen von Titanlegierungen haben gezeigt, daß in der Schweißnaht Grundmaterialfestigkeit erreicht werden kann, bei manchen Bauteilen ergeben sich sogar Festigkeitsgewinne. Typische Fehlerquellen beim Diffusionsschweißen von Titan werden aufgezeigt. Abschließend wird anhand von Beispielen auf die Einsatzgebiete eingegangen, wo das Diffusionsschweißen wirtschaftliche und konstruktive Vorteile erbringen kann.
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 2 (1971), S. 8-12 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: New Forming Process of Powder Materials. A new forming process for powder materials is described. By this process the powder is accelerated and densified in a very short time in a simple form by an electrodynamic system. The densification is accomplished in some milliseconds with accelerations till 30 000 g. In spite of this short time long cylindrical bodies can be fabricated with an uniform, high density of 70% of theoretical. For this purpose ceramic and metal powders with particles below 30 microns are specially used.
    Notes: Ein neues Formgebungsverfahren für pulverförmige Werkstoffe, bei dem die Pulver in billigen, einfachen Gefäßen zur Formgebung und Verdichtung mit Hilfe von elektrodynamischen Impulsgebern kurzzeitig sehr hoch beschleunigt werden, wird ausführlich beschrieben. Die eigentliche Pulververdichtung erfolgt innerhalb von Millisekunden bei Beschleunigungen bis zu 30 000 g. Trotz dieser kurzen Einwirkungszeit können auch lange zylindrische Körper mit gleichmäßig hoher Dichte von 70% T. D. hergestellt werden. Für diese Verfahrenstechnik eignen sich besonders keramische und metallische Pulver mit Teilchengrößen unter 30 μm.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 2 (1971), S. 19-25 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The small scale measurement of corrosion potential in welded joints. The corrodibility of welded joints is reported on. Potential curves give the possibility to backing the incomplete results in this field and permit a well defined statement concerning the corrosion behaviour. Failures of interpretation due to polarisation are indicated. The pulsating method helps to prevent changes of the concentration by reactions and alteration of the pH-value.This method delivers useful informations and detects the corrosion sensibility of welded joints.
    Notes: Berichtet wird über die Korrosionsempfindlichkeit von Schweißverbindungen. Potential-Kurven ermöglichen es, die noch unvollständigen Ergebnisse auf diesem Gebiet zu vervollständigen und abzusichern und gestatten eine eindeutige Aussage bezüglich des Korrosionsverhaltens. Hingewiesen wird auf Fehler, die bei dieser Art von-Messung durch Polarisation entstehen. Mit Hilfe der Impulsmethode gelingt es, Konzentrationsänderungen durch Reaktionen und Änderungen des pH-Wertes zu verhindern. - Die Arbeitsmethode liefert in kurzer Zeit brauchbare Informationen und deckt gleichzeitig die korrosiv empfindlichen Zonen einer Schweißverbindung auf.
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Metallurgical Investigations. Hardness determination proved that with rising extrusion temperatures a constant value of hardness could not be reached. Micro-examinations showed that the fibrous structure remains even with the highest extrusion temperature and that recrystalizations start later. Electronmicroscope investigations showed the formation of a cellular structure, and the sub-grain-boundaries flattened out with rising extrusion temperatures. The cellular structure is formed by a net of complicated dislocations. The pole figures showed that after reaching a reduction of R = 40 only the 〈 111 〉 direction could be determined. By comparing the hardness values, the micro-sections, and the electronmicroscope pictures it must be concluded that restoration takes place by polygonization before recrystallization. The existing stresses during the extrusion favour restoration by polygonization because they aid the climb of edge dislocations by creating new vacancies and annihilating the dislocations.  -  By microscopic investigations it could be shown that the segregated area which is formed during solidification in continuos extrusion in homogenised by strong deformation action on the sliding interface.
    Notes: Härtemessungen zeigten, daß man keinen konstanten Wert mit zunehmender Verpressungestemperatur erreicht. Lichtoptische Untersuchungen ergaben, daß die Faserstruktur bis zu höchsten Temperaturen erhalten bleibt und daß die Rekristallisation spät einsetzt. Elektronenoptische Untersuchungen zeigten, daß die Ausbildung einer Zellenstruktur auf der Grundlage eines sehr komplizierten Versetzungsnetzes, sowie eine deutliche Verflachung der Sub-Korn-Grenzen mit steigender Temperatur eintritt. Polfigurbestimmungen erbaben, daß von einem Reduktionsverbhältnis R = 40 und höher nur noch die 〈 111 〉 Ausrichtung besteht. Aus dem Vergleich der Härtewerte, der lichtoptischen und elektronenoptischen Untersuchungen kann geschlossen werden, daß die Restauration des verpreßten Aluminiums durch Polygonisation schon in der Erholungsperiode, vor der Rekristallisation, stattfindet und daß die bestehenden Spannungen den Vorgang beschleunigen, da das Klettern der Stufenversetzungen dadurch begünstigt wird, denn diese Spannungen schaffen neue Leerstellen und löschen Versetzungen aus.  -  Durch Schliffbilder konnte gezeigt werden, daß eine durch Steigerung beim kontinuierlichen Verpressen entstehende angereicherte Segregatschicht durch die kräftige Grenzschichtengleitung homogenisiert wird.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 2 (1971), S. 34-36 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 2 (1971), S. 25-27 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Laser-Microprobe as an Excitation Device for Electrochemical Analysis. The laser-microprobe, which has been commercially available for some years, is specially suited for the purpose-oriented microanalysis. The equipment set-up permits the laser-microprobe or the spark unit to be used as excitation device with out change. The low initial cost compared to other equipments of similar efficiency will in the future ensure a wider use of this multi-purpose equipment in microanalysis, despite some inherent imperfections.
    Notes: Der seit einigen Jahren auf dem Markt erhältliche Lasermikrospektralanalysator (LMSA) eignet sich besonders zur gezielten Mikroanalyse. Er läßt sich so aufbauen, daß er oder das Funken-Bogen-Stativ wahlweise ohne Umrüstung zur Anregung verwendet werden kann.Die im Vergleich zu verfahren ähnlicher Wirksamkeit niederen Anschaffungskosten lassen erwarten, daß dieses vielseitig verwendbare Gerät bei der Durchführung von Mikroanalysen trotz einiger Unvollkommenheiten weiterhin Beachtung finden wird.
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 394-414 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: New Developments in Powder Metallurgy. The new development in powder metallurgy is discussed with special emphasis of technological aspects. The most important meetings held during the last years as well as some other literature have been considered. After introductory paragraphes the basic technologies and then the materials itselves are discussed. The limits to the field of ceramics are fixed by involving metallic hard compounds (carbides), but leaving out nonmetallic materials. Also compound materials with metallic components are considered. In the following paragraph on basic investigations some approaches with importance for further technological development are focussed. The competition with other technological processes, opening of new groups of materials for powder metallurgy, new technological processes, new fields of application, successes and sometimes failures make considerable dynamics in this field.
    Notes: Es wird die neuere Entwicklung der Pulvermetallurgie unter vorwiegend technologischen Gesichtspunkten dargestellt. Hierzu wurden besonders die wichtigen Tagungen der letzten Jahre und eine Auswahl der Zeitschriftenliteratur berücksichtigt. Nach einem einführenden Abschnitt werden zunächst die wichtigsten technologischen Grundlagen (Ausgangsstoffe, Formgebung, Sintern, Drucksintern u. a.) und anschließend die Werkstoffgruppen besprochen. Die Abgrenzung zur Keramik erfolgt durch Einbeziehung der metallischen (Karbide), aber Nichtberücksichtigung der nichtmetallischen Hartstoffe. Auch Verbundwerkstoffe mit metallischen Komponenten finden Erwähnung. Im folgenden Abschnitt über grundsätzliche Untersuchungen wird auf Teilgebiete hingewiesen, deren Bearbeitung auch für die technologische Weiterentwicklung nützlich sein dürften. Durch die Wettbewerbssituation mit anderen Fertigungstechniken, die Erschließung neuer Werkstoffgruppen, Technologien und Anwendungsgebiete, durch Erfolge und gelegentliche Rückschläge, ist dieses Gebiet von besonderer Dynamik.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 425-432 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Der Stand der topologischen Betrachtungsweise von Sintervorgängen. Die topologischen Verfahren, die zur Beschreibung der Geometrie von gesinterten Gefügen herangezogen werden können, und die topologischen Ergebnisse, die bisher gewonnen wurden, werden kurz beschrieben. Obwohl die Ergebnisse noch ziemlich begrenzt sind, so liefert ihre Kombination mit metrischen Meßdaten doch die Grundlage für eine quantitative Beschreibung der Entwicklung der Gefügegeometrie während des Sinterns. Zwei einander widersprechende Gesichtspunkte für diese geometrische Entwicklung werden diskutiert.
    Notes: The topological concepts which have been applied to describe the geometry of sinter structures and the topological data which has been obtained to date are briefly presented. This data, although limited in extent, when combined with the metric data provides the basis for a quantitative description of the geometric evolution accompanying the sintering process. Two contrasting viewpoints of this geometric evolution are briefly presented.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 439-441 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 441-447 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 4 (1973), S. 1-1 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 4 (1973), S. 4-12 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Load-Displacement Diagrams - a Basis for the Understanding of Notched Bar-Impact Tests. The absorbed energy as well as the effect of temperature on absorbed energy during the recording of load - displacement diagrams of notched bar - impact tests of mild steels, Ck 10, Ck 35, Ck 45, Ck 60 and C 85W 2 in normalized state were analysed. The considerable values of relation between discontinuity in nature of characteristic load and displacement of load displacement diagrams and irregularity of fracture toughness temperature curves were obtained there.From these investigations one can define characteristic temperatures (transition temperatures), which are not arbitrary, but physically founded and which describe the behaviour of materials in different temperature-ranges. These characteristic temperatures, above all, the crack arrest temperature could also be defined after fractographical and microfractographical investigations.The absorbed energy temperature curves were also determined arithmetically with the application of simple methode of area computation of load displacement diagrams. Therefore, it can be made sure that the available curves are correct and determined on principle of physics.
    Notes: Ausgehend von der Messung des Kraft- und Wegverlaufs beim Kerbschlagbiegeversuch wird die Kerbschlagzähigkeit und der Verlauf der Kerbschlagzähigkeits-Temperatur-Kurve für die Werkstoffe Sonderweicheisen, Ck 10, Ck 35, Ck 45, Ck 60 und C 85 W 2 im normalgeglühten Zustand-analysiert. Dabei ergeben sich beachtenswerte Zusammenhänge zwischen den Unstetigkeiten im Verlauf der charakteristischen Kräfte und Wege der Kraft-Weg-Diagramme und den Unregelmäßigkeiten des Verlaufs der Kerbschlagzähigkeit in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur.Davon ausgehend können auch charakteristische Temperaturen definiert werden, die nicht willkürlich, sondern physikalisch begründet sind, und die das Werkstoffverhalten in verschiedenen Temperaturbereichen beschreiben. Besondere Bedeutung scheint der Rißauffangtemperatur zuzukommen. Der Verlauf der Kerbschlagzähigkeits-Temperaturkurven wurde auch auf Grund einer einfachen Modellvorstellung des Kraft-Weg-Diagramms aus Kraft und Weg rechnerisch bestätigt. Der ermittelte Verlauf kann damit grundsätzlich als physikalisch gesichert betrachtet werden.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 4 (1973), S. 50-58 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 4 (1973) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 4 (1973), S. 60-66 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Coatings for Metallic Materials. The most important coating techniques are characterized and critically described. Among the various possibilities to protect the surface of metallic materials against mechanical, chemical or mechanical-chemical attack, the coatings which are looked upon are ranging from metallic coatings over nonmetallic anorganic to the organic ones.
    Notes: Von den zahlreichen Möglichkeiten, die Oberfläche metallischer Werkstoffe widerstandsfähig gegen mechanische, chemische oder mechanisch-chemische Angriffe zu gestalten, werden die wichtigsten kurz in ihren Einsatzgebieten geschildert und kritisch beurteilt. Der Rahmen der vorgestellten Beschichtungen reicht von den metallischen Deckschichten über nichtmetallische anorganische Schichten bis zu den organischen Belägen.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 4 (1973), S. 66-71 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Conditions of nickel-plating from a sulfamate electrolyte and mechanical properties of the deposit. Nickel deposits are used for decorative and technical application. In this paper the influence of plating conditions on internal stress, hardness, fatigue and corrosion resistance of nickel deposit is dicussed.
    Notes: An Hand einiger Beispiele wird der quantitative bzw. qualitative Zusammenhang zwischen dem durch definierte Abscheidungsbedingungen in Nickelschichten aus dem Sulfamatbad einstellbaren Eigenspannungszustand 1. Art und daraus resultierenden mechanischen und chemischen Eigenschaften gezeigt. Das bekannte Spiralkontraktometerverfahren zur Messung solcher Eigenspannungen wird besonders im Hinblick auf die Auswertungsmethode verbessert bzw. korrigiert, wodurch nunmehr der tatsächliche Verlauf der Eigenspannungen über der Schichtdicke in Abhängigkeit von der gewählten kathodischen Stromdichte festgestellt werden kann. Die Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, daß bei dem hier benutzten Nickelelektrolyten die Eigenspannungen und die hiermit zusammenhängenden Größen nicht nur von den Galvanisierbedingungen bestimmt werden, sondern auch - und dies steht im Gegensatz zu den bisherigen Publikationen - von der Schichtdicke.Für die Praxis ergeben sich daraus folgende Konsequenzen:Anwendung möglichst niedriger Stromdichten in allen Fällen hoher Betriebsbeanspruchung der galvanisierten Bauteile, sei es mechanischer oder chemischer oder auch kombinierter mechanisch-chemischer Art; ist aus Gründen höherer Wirtschaftlichkeit eine größere Abscheidungsgeschwindigkeit erwünscht, so sollte die Schichtdicke auf möglichst niedrigen Werten gehalten werden; in solchen Fällen ist jedoch darauf zu achten, daß bei möglichem Korrosionsangriff eine Mindestschichtdicke vorgesehen werden muß, die den zu schützenden Grundwerkstoff vollkommen (porenfrei) vom angreifenden Agenz trennt.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 4 (1973), S. 86-93 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Development trends in the field of organic coatings. Modern materials for organic coatings are supposed to permit economic processing and should be unobjectionable in environmental terms. These requirements can only incompletely be satisfied by modification of conventional products. Thus the aspects are good for water-soluble binders as well as for solvent-less materials curing by chemical reaction only. However, developments in the processing field are becoming even more important than those of materials. Electrostatic spraying procedures and dipping techniques with trichlorethylene as solvent demonstrate the progress made in generally approved methods. The use of powder as coating material, the method of film-curing by electron beams, and the electro-coating process, however, are novel procedures based on appropriate physical effects.
    Notes: Ein zeitgemäßer organischer Beschichtungsstoff soll sich wirtschaftlich verarbeiten lassen und umweltfreundlich sein. Durch Modifizierung konventioneller Produkte sind die Forderungen nur begrenzt zu erfüllen. Deshalb bestehen für wasserlösliche oder reaktionshärtende lösungsmittelfreie Bindemittel gute Zukunftsaussichten. Mehr noch als die Entwicklungen auf stofflichem Gebiet gewinnen jene der Verfahrenstechnik an Bedeutung. Elektrostatisches Spritzen und Tri-Tauchverfahren stellen Weiterentwicklungen bewährter Methoden dar. Beschichten mit Pulver, Härten mit Elektronenstrahlen und Elektrotauchlackieren sind dagegen neuartige, auf geeigneten physikalischen Vorgängen beruhende Verfahren zur Erzeugung organischer Überzüge. Auch in die Halbzeugfertigung wird das Beschichten zunehmend einbezogen, wie das Coil-Coating- oder das Shop-Primer-Verfahren zeigen.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 4 (1973), S. 103-110 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Some Developments in Laser Beam Welding. The development of continuous high power lasers leads to new possibilities in welding thicker sheet. This has been proved by joining metals with YAG- and CO2-laser beams. Technical limits of several laser-systems are critically discussed and some examples are given for the application of the high intensity beams.
    Notes: Durch die Entwicklung von kontinuierlich arbeitenden Hochleistungslasern wird es möglich, die Laserstrahlung zum Fügen von Blechen größerer Dicke einzusetzen. Erste Ergebnisse über das Schweißen mit einem YAG- sowie einem CO2-Laser liegen vor. In einer kritischen Beurteilung werden die Verfahrensgrenzen einzelner Lasersysteme aufgezeigt und einige Anwendungen diskutiert.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 4 (1973), S. 110-110 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 4 (1973), S. 111-111 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 4 (1973), S. 112-112 
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 4 (1973), S. 113-113 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 2 (1971), S. 97-101 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The use of Acoustic Emission as a weld Quality Monitor. The results obtained from our experiments with spot welding, gas tungsten-arc welding, and submerged-arc welding demonstrate the potential of acoustic emission monitoring as a nondestructive test for welds. The real-time nature of the acoustic emission data sets this technique apart from other nondestructive methods used for weld inspection. Since the acoustic emission from weld defects is transient, empirical calibration is required for each application. Defects can be located approximately but the type of defekt cannot be determined.
    Notes: Die Aufzeichnung von Schallemission (acoustic emission, sound emission) wird diskutiert, um ein allgemeines Verständnis dieser Technik für die Kontrolle von Schweißnähten zu vermitteln. Die wichtigste Eigenschaft des Schallemissions-Verfahrens im Vergleich zu anderen zerstörungsfreien Prüfmethoden ist, daß man ein Sofort-Ergebnis erhält. Die weitreichenden Anwendungsmöglichkeiten dieses Verfahrens werden an Beispielen von Sofort-Ergebnissen der Unter-Pulver-Schweißung, Wolfram-Inert-Gas- und der Punkt-Schweißung gezeigt. Schallemission zeigt fehlerhafte Schweißnähte und die ungefähre Ausdehnung der Fehler an; darüberhinaus kann das Anwachsen der Risse in ein Verhältnis zu anderen veränderlichen Zuständen der Schweißnaht gesetzt werden. Das Schallemissions-Verfahren kann, in Ergänzung zu den bestehenden Schweißnaht-Prüfmethoden, eine Verringerung der Nacharbeitungskosten und eine Verbesserung der Schweißnaht-Qualität bewirken.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 2 (1971), S. 101-102 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 2 (1971), S. 102-105 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 2 (1971), S. 105-106 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 2 (1971), S. 106-111 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 2 (1971), S. 112-112 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 2 (1971), S. 112-112 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 2 (1971) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 2 (1971), S. 112-112 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 2 (1971), S. 123-127 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Creep and Creep-Rupture Behaviour of Materials- and the Fundamentals of High Temperature Plasticity. Principles of evaluation methods for creep data (strain vs. time) for technological purposes as well as in fundamental research. Derivation and discussion of equations representing rupture-life and constant strain curves in creep rupture diagrams. Consequences for extrapolation of short-time tests.
    Notes: Prinzipien der Auswerte-Methodik für Kriechmeßdaten (Dehnung als Funktion der Zeit) bei technischer und bei wissenschaftlicher Zielsetzung. Ableitung und Diskussion von Gleichungen für Zeitbruch- und Dehngrenzlinien im Zeitstandschaubild. Konsequenzen für die Extrapolation von Kurzzeittests.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 2 (1971), S. 127-135 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: Thermal aging and endurance of organic insulating materials. The knowledge of the thermal endurance of organic insulating materials is very important for the application in electrical engineering. The change of the values of the properties by thermal aging is, theoretically, described under the assumption being a linear connection to the rules of the kinetic theory of chemical reactions. By this premise it is possible to indicate functions for aging and thermal endurance, being plotted as straight lines in suitable coordinates. In this way the test results can be evaluated better than by conventional means.
    Notes: Die Kenntnis der Grenztemperatur organischer Isolierstoffe ist für deren Anwendung in der Elektrotechnik von großer Wichtigkeit. Die Änderung von Eigenschaftswerten auf Grund einer Wärmebehandlung wird theoretisch beschrieben unter der Annahme, daß ein linearer Zusammenhang mit den Gesetzen der Reaktionskinetik besteht. Unter den getroffenen Voraussetzungen können. Alterungs- und Lebensdauerfunktionen angegeben werden, die sich bei geeigenten Koordinaten als Geradendarstellen lassen. Meßergebnisse können auf diese Weise besser ausgewertet werden als nach herkömmlichen Verfahren.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 2 (1971), S. 135-144 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: Analytical Chemistry used for developing new materials. The development of new materials constantly confronts the analyst with difficult new problems. Of particular importance for this work would be all methods permitting to lay bare the phase interface and to study their structure and perturbations of this structure. The analyst has to solve these problems in close contact with the technologists specializing in this modern technique.
    Notes: Die Entwicklung neuer Werkstoffe stellt den Analytiker vor immer neue diffizile Aufgaben. Insbesondere dürften alle Verfahren, mit denen es gelingt, Phasengrenzflächen freizulegen und ihren Aufbau sowie Störungen in diesem Aufbau zu studieren, für diese Aufgaben von großer Bedeutung sein. Der Analytiker muß diese Aufgaben in engster Fühlung mit den Technologen, die sich dieser modernen Entwicklung verschrieben haben, lösen.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 2 (1971), S. 113-123 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: Cold-Rolled Flat Products of Plain Carbon Mild Steel According to DIN 1623 Sheet 1. Cold-rolled flat products of plain carbon mild steel and among the most important finished products made by iron and steel works and rolling mills as well as being among the most important semi-products for industrial manufacture. Metallurgical and rolling developments during the course of the last twenty years have resulted in considerable improvements in the main cold forming properties of sheet and strip. The chief demand made of manufacturers of cold-rolled flat products is for sheet and strip which has been fully annealed and rerolled for good cold formability. Because of the various stresses on materials in the different forming processes, it is difficult to make a reliable prediction from test results about the behaviour of the material during actual forming operations. The new edition of sheet 1 of DIN 1623 prescribes the conventional test methods and their results as regards ensuring cold formability. The Standard does not include the additional means of using numerical values for vertical anisotropy r, work hardening exponent n and the maximum drawing ratio (ßo)max.
    Notes: Kaltgewalztes Flachzeug aus unlegierten weichen Stählen ist eines der wichtigsten Walzwerksfertigerzeugnisse der Hütten- und Walzwerke und ebenso eines der wichtigsten Halbzeuge für die industrielle Fertigung. Die metallurgische und walztechnische Entwicklung haben vor allem im Verlauf der beiden vergangenen Jahrzehnte zu bedeutsamen Fortschritten hinsichtlich der für die Kaltumformung der Bleche und Bänder wichtigen Eigenschaften geführt. Die wichtigste Forderung der Verarbeiter kaltgewalzten Flachzeugs ist die nach bester Kaltumformbarkeit der rekristallisierend geglühten und nachgewalzten Bleche und Bänder. Dabei ist es wegen der unterschiedlichen Werkstoffbeanspruchung bei den einzelnen Umformungsprozessen schwierig, mit Hilfe von Prüfergebnissen eine zuverlässige Vorhersage des Werkstoffverhaltens bei der betrieblichen Umformung zu machen. Die Neufassung des Blattes 1 der DIN 1623 legt hinsichtlich der Gewährleistung der Kaltumformbarkeit die konventionellen Prüfverfahren und deren Ergebnisse zugrunde. Eine zusätzliche Bewertung unter Verwendung der Zahlenwerte für die senkrechte Anisotropie r, den Verfestigungsexponenten n und das Grenzziehverhältnis (ßo)max ist zur Zeit im Rahmen der Norm nicht angebracht.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 2 (1971), S. 150-154 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 2 (1971), S. 156-159 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 4 (1973), S. 203-209 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: Considerations on Materials Selection and Utilization. Screw joint - an example for applied materials science.
    Notes: Die Schraube als Beispiel für angewandte Werkstoffkunde
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 4 (1973), S. 199-203 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Nachweis und Bildung der Sigma-Phase in Stahl 321. Der Bruch eines Flansches aus dem rost- und säurebeständigen Stahl 321 (≙ 1.4541 × 10 CrNiTi 18 9) war Anlaß, die Wirksamkeit eines Ätzmittels für den Nachweis der Sigma-Phase in diesem Stahl zu überprüfen. Gleichzeitig wurde ein Zeit-Temperatur-Diagramm für die Ausbildung der Sigma-Phase in diesem Werkstoff aufgestellt.
    Notes: The failure of a 321 stainless steel flange due to the presence of sigma phase was used to check etching procedures for sigma phase in 321 SS as well as to establish the time-temperature diagram for sigma phase in this material.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 4 (1973) 
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 4 (1973), S. 228-228 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Description / Table of Contents: Mechanical Properties of Titanium Explosion Claddings. Steel vessels explosion-clad with titanium show certain advantages over vessels lined with titanium or entirely consisting of titanium, for purposes involving temperatures above 200° C, high pressures and external heating. This report deals with the sheer resistance and bend ductility achieved by cladding of boiler plates H I and H II with either commercial pure titanium of low tensile strength or with palladium-alloyed titanium. The effect of shock wave propagation, micro-structure and heat treatment are discussed. Finally the report gives information about the acceptance conditions and processing problems.
    Notes: Sprengplattierungen der Paarung Titan - Stahl ergeben im Behälterbau im Vergleich zu Auskleidungen mit Titan oder Titanbehältern Vorteile bei Temperaturen oberhalb 200° C, hohen Drucken sowie bei Außenbeheizung. Für Paarungen mit Titan technischer Reinheit geringer Festigkeit sowie mit geringem Palladiumzusatz als Auflagewerkstoffe und den Kesselblechen H I und H II als Grundwerkstoffe wird die erzielte Abscherfestigkeit und die Biegefähigkeit beschrieben. Der Einfluß der Schokwellenausbildung, der Gefügebeeinflussung und von Wärmebehandlungen werden besprochen. Schließlich werden die Abnahmebedingungen und Verarbeitungsfragen erörtert.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 2 (1971), S. 175-180 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Recent investigations on the structure of the coatings of tinplate. The nucleation and growth of the alloy layer (FeSn2) is described. The continuity of the coverage of the steel with alloy crystals is a principal factor governing the shelf life of many tinplate packages. The crystal's growth seems to interfere with nodules in the steel surface which are believed to be hydrated oxides of iron. Means and suggestions for improving control of alloy layer growth are discussed.
    Notes: Es wurde die Keimbildung und das Wachstum der Legierungsschicht (FeSn2) auf Weißblech untersucht. Die kontinuierliche Bedeckung der Oberfläche des Stahls mit den Legierungskristallen ist eine wesentliche Voraussetzung für die Lebensdauer vieler Weißblechpackungen. Das Wachstum der Kristalle wird nach diesen Untersuchungen durch Knötchen auf der Stahloberfläche behindert. Diese Knötchen sind wahrscheinlich Eisenoxydhydrate. Es werden Möglichkeiten zur besseren Steuerung des Legierungswachstums aufgezeigt.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 2 (1971), S. 180-182 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigation with regard to wetting faults caused by silicon troplets. Wetting faults caused by silicone troplets can now be analyzed with the Elektronenstrahl - Mikroanalysator. The pictures which have been drawed of the filtered X - rays allow the proof of silicium, iron, phosphorus, zinc and other components of the varnish or of the support. The pictures produced by the test current, show the geometric figures and the relative arrangements of the participant materials. The advantage of the procedure consists in a secure proof of silicone quantities, which are to small for the usual analysis procedures and in the pictorial description.
    Notes: Durch Silikontröpfchen verursachte Benetzungsfehler können mit dem Elektronenstrahl - Mikroanalysator analysiert werden. Der Vorteil des Verfahrens liegt im sicheren Nachweis von Silikonmengen, die für die üblichen Analysenverfahren zu klein sind und in der bildlichen Darstellung des Aufbaues der Lackierung. Die von ausgefilterten Röntgenstrahlen aufgezeichneten Bilder erlauben den Nachweis von Silicium, Eisen, Phosphor, Zink und anderen Bestandteilen der Lacke oder der Unterlage. Die vom Probenstrom erzeugten Bilder zeigen die geometrischen Formen und die relativen Anordnungen der beteiligten Stoffe.
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    Description / Table of Contents: Influence on the fatigue behavior of notched specimens by different wear and tear of the tools used for producing the notches. In fatigue-specimens of × 5 CrNi 18 9 and Ck 45 notches had been produced by sharp and blunt tools. The fatigue strength of this specimens from austenitic steeel was smaller when the notches had been produced by sharp and blunt tools. The fatigue strength of this specimens from austenitic steeel was smaller when the notches had been produced by sharp tools. Specimens of ferritic steel on the contrary had a greater fatigue strength, when the notches had been produced by blunt tools. Statistical methods had been used for planning and evaluation of the tests. Therefore appear differences in the strength reduction factor ßk between in conventional manner determined statements and the here calculated ones.
    Notes: An Dauerschwingproben aus X 5 CrNi 18 9 und Cl 45 wurden Kerben mit scharfen und stumpfen Werkzeugen hergestellt. Die Dauerschwingfestigkeit der Proben war bei mit stumpfem Werkzeug hergestelltem Kerb beim austenitischen Stahl kleiner, beim ferritischen größer als bei mit scharfem Werkzeug hergestelltem Kerb.Alle Versuche wurden nach statistischen Verfahren angesetzt-und ausgewertet. Dadurch ergeben sich bei Vergleichen des Kerbwirkungsfaktors ßk mit auf konventionellem Wege ermittelten Werten von ßk Abweichungen.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 4 (1973), S. 454-455 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 2 (1971), S. 197-204 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Description / Table of Contents: Quantitative Spectral Analysis of Electron Beam Melted Zr V Alloys by X-Rays. In order to analyze electron beam melted Zirkonium Vanadium alloys there has been elaborated a method of X-ray analysis for quick and simple measurement of the Vanadium content. The experimental parameters have been predetermined as theoretically possible. By certain experiments the influence of different heat treatment conditions on the results of the analysis has been checked.Alloys with an under eutectoidal content of Vanadium may be analyzed by x-raying massive specimens, when care is taken for a useful heat treatment of the samples. The larger unregular precipitations of the ZrV2 phase in over eutectoidal alloys cause a wide spread divergence of the measured quantities. Therefore the alloys should be pounded by a very fine diamond file and the chips mixing them with stearin compresses to tablets. Then it will be possible to suppress the influence of size and distribution of the precipitations. The useful size of the powdery grains can be figured out by the relations between absorption conditions and diameters of the ZrV2 phase.
    Notes: Zur Analyse von im Elektronenstrahlofen erschmolzenen Zirkonium-Vanadium-Legierungen ist ein Verfahren der Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse erarbeitet worden, das es erlaubt, den Vanadiumgehalt schnell und einfach zu bestimmen. Hierzu wurden die Versuchsbedingungen, soweit sie theoretisch faßbar und bekannt sind, festgelegt. Durch verschiedene Untersuchungen konnte der Einfluß des Gefügezustandes auf das Meßergebnis der Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse erfaßt und geklärt werden.Bei untereutektoiden Legierungen ist es möglich, auch Massivproben zu analysieren, wobei allerdings darauf zu achten ist, daß, das Material vorher Wärmebehandlungen zur Erzielung günstiger Gefügezustände unterworfen worden war. Bei übereutektoiden Legierungen tritt jedoch infolge der schwer zu steuernden ZrV2-Ausscheidung eine zu große Streuung der Meßergebnisse auf, so daß hierfür das Zerkleinern der Proben und die Analyse der aus den Zerkleinerungsprodukten mit einem Bindemittel hergestellten Tabletten geeignet ist. Hierbei ist es auch möglich, den Einfluß von Verteilung und Größe der Ausscheidungen von ZrV2 in der Zirkoniummatrix zu unterdrücken. Die nötige Korngröße ergibt sich aus den Berechnungen über die Veränderung der Absorptionsverhältnisse durch die Größe der Zweitphasen.Dank:Für die finanzielle Unterstützung, die diese Arbeit ermöglichte, sind wir der DECHEMA, insbesondere den Herren Dr. Behrens und Dr. Rahmel, zu großem Dank verpflichtet.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 4 (1973), S. 427-433 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Protection of High Temperature Metallic Materials against Oxidation, part 2; Protective Layers on Superalloys and High Temperature Materials. The structures of typical protective coatings of superalloys and Nb-alloys are briefly described and possible reasons for their failure are given. The importance of self-healing properties and of the reliability of such protective layers in any technical application is stressed. An order of magnitude of the duration of protection for different alloys is indicated for several coating types.
    Notes: Im ersten Teil dieses AufsatzesTeil 1 erschienen in Zeitschrift für Werkstofftechnik 4 (1973) S. 345-350. wurde auf Entwicklungstendenzen, Prüfung und Herstellung von Schutzschichten hingewiesen. Nachfolgend werden Beispiele für Schutzschichten, die für Superlegierungen und hochschmelzende Metalle entwickelt wurden, beschrieben. Die Superlegierungen repräsentieren den heutigen technischen Stand der Entwicklung. Die hochschmelzenden Metalle müssen für zukünftige Entwicklungen herangezogen werden. Im folgenden Text wurde das aussichtsreichste hochschmelzende Metall Niobium besonders berücksichtigt. Das Schutzschichtproblem existiert in ähnlicher Weise für die Metalle Mo, W, Ta und auch Cr. Es wurden bei diesen Metallen analoge Schichttypen wie hier beschrieben angewandt, die auch in ihrer Problematik starke Parallellen aufweisen.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 49-50 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 4 (1973), S. 454-454 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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  • 79
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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  • 80
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Description / Table of Contents: Stress-Rupture Testing of Tubing under Superimposed Steam Corrosion Attack. Experimental Set-Up, Method, and Results of Incoloy Alloy 800 Tube Long-Time Testing. A special experimental set-up was built for long-time stress-rupture testing of tubing under biaxial stresses and superimposed steam corrosion attack. The principles of its construction and the applied testing method, but also the results of Incoloy Alloy 800 thin wall tube testing at constant load, pressurized with argon or steam, are described.At 650 and 700 °C the mechanical properties (strength, ductility) were not influenced by the superimposed corrosion attack. The increase in surface and bulk oxidation, varying with the stress level, is explained by the influence of creep rate and the state of surface oxidation at the time of exposure when the tertiary creep is beginning to be effective.
    Notes: Zur Messung der Zeitstandfestigkeit von Rohrmaterial bei dreiachsiger Beanspruchung und überlagerter Heißdampf-Korrosion wurde ein eigener Prüfstand erstellt. Es werden die Prinzipien seines Aufbaues und der angewandten Prüfmethode sowie die Ergebnisse von Zeitstand Untersuchungen an dünnwandigen Rohren der Legierung Incoloy 800 in Argon und überhitztem Wasserdampf beschrieben.Sie zeigen, daß bei 650 und 700 °C die Festigkeit und die Dehnung dieser Legierung durch den oxidativen Angriff nicht verändert werden. Die verstärkte Korrosion wird hinsichtlich ihres unterschiedlichen Ausmaßes und Oxidwachstums durch den Einfluß der Kriechgeschwindigkeit und des Oxidationszustandes der Oberfläche zum Zeitpunkt des Einsetzens des tertiären Abschnittes der Kriechkurve erklärt.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 72-77 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Torsional cycling of cold pressure welded zirconium/steel-specimens. Low-cycle fatigue of cold pressure welder zirconium/steel-specimens has been studied in cyclic torsion. The critical number of cycles Ncr instead of the number of cycles to final failure Nf is taken for evaluation of the endurance life in low-cycle fatigue. Ncr is defined as the number of cycles leading to the formation of a crack which noticeably weakens the specimen. The relationship NKra · Δγ = const. is achieved for bonded specimens. The results have been correlated with the observations in unwelded zirconium and steel to predict the endurance life of bonded specimens. Microstructure studies revealed crack initiation at points of intense slip in zirconium. Fracture occured always in zirconium outside the welded zone.
    Notes: Plastoermüdung (low-cycle fatigue) an kaltpreßgeschweißten Zirkonium/Stahl-Proben wurde im Torsionswechselversuch untersucht. Zur Bestimmung der Lebensdauer bei Plastoermüdung wurde die kritische Lastspielzahl NKr anstelle der Bruchlastspielzahl NB verwendet. NKr ist die Lastspielzahl, bei der Risse auftreten, die die Probe merklich schwächen. Der Zusammenhang NKra. Δγ = C wurde auch für geschweißte Proben gewonnen. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit den Beobachtungen an ungeschweißten Proben in Zusammenhang gebracht, um die Lebensdauer der geschweißten Proben voraussagen zu können. Mikroskopische Untersuchungen zeigten die Anrißbildung an Stellen intensiver Gleitung in Zirkonium. Der Bruch erfolgte immer außerhalb der Schweißnaht im Zirkonium.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 138-142 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: Holographic Vibration Analysis. With the time averaging method of the holographic interferometry it is possible to measure the vibration amplitudes of models excited by natural or forced vibration. The models must not be plane and only opaque reflecting. In a few examples we demonstrate the determination of stress distributions on complicated solid structures (value plates) and fluid-solid systems. Such vibration states also occur after short time loading in the following steady state. We use a periodic excitation with frequencies between 100 Hz and 10 kHz and vibration amplitudes of about 1 μm. Edge stresses of about 10 kp/cm2 are measured on a vibrating valve plate with a thickness of 0,5 mm. The investigation of fluid-solid systems shows a diminuition of the natural frequency caused by the fluid component.
    Notes: Mit dem Zeitmittelungsverfahren der holographischen Interferometrie lassen sich bekanntlich die Schwingungsamplituden von Bauteilen, die durch Eigenschwingungen oder erzwungene Schwingungen hervorgerufen werden, auch an nicht ebenen und nicht spiegelnden Modellen bestimmen. Es wird gezeigt, wie man bei komplizierten geometrischen Strukturen (Ventilplatten) sowie festflüssigen Systemen Schwingungszustände quantitativ ermitteln kann, wie sie auch nach kurzzeitiger Belastung im darauf folgenden eingeschwungenen Zustand auftreten. Es wurde eine periodische Anregung mit einer Frequenz zwischen 100 Hz und 10 kHz und eine Schwingungsamplitude von ca. 1 μm benutzt. Dabei wurden Biegespannungsamplituden von ca. 10 kp/cm2 bei einer 0.5 mm dicken Ventilplatte gemessen. Bei den untersuchten festflüssigen Systemen wurde eine Verringerung der Eigenfrequenz durch die flüssige Komponente festgestellt.
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  • 87
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Description / Table of Contents: The Influence of Niobium on the Creep Rupture Strength of Centrifugally Cast Alloys Containing 25% Chromium and 20% Nickel. The material most frequently used in chemical furnace construction is G-X 40 CrNiSi 25 20 steel. Because of the change to larger units and the increase in operating pressure and temperature it is often no longer possible to obtain sufficiently long on-stream times with this alloy. The development consequently turned to new alloy variants which held out promise of an improved creep rupture strength, with undiminished resistance to corrosion. By adding niobium to alloys containing 25% chromium and 20% nickel it is possible to improve the thermal stability of centrifugal castings. The creep rupture strength data of two niobium-containing melts of this type of steel were determined experimentally. The creep rupture strength characteristics of the CrNi-containing centrifugally cast alloys with and without niobium was compared by platting the scatter jointly on one chart.
    Notes: Der im Chemieofenbau zur Zeit am häufigsten verwendete Werkstoff ist der G-X 40 CrNiSi 25 20. Durch den Übergang zu größeren Einheiten und das Ansteigen von Druck und Temperatur lassen sich mit dieser Legierung vielfach keine ausreichend langen Betriebszeiten mehr erreichen. Die Entwicklung ging daher zu neuen Legierungsvarianten, die eine bessere Zeitstandfestigkeit bei unverminderter Korrosionsbeständigkeit versprachen. Durch das Zulegieren von Niob läßt sich die Warmfestigkeit der Schleudergußqualitäten mit 25 % Chrom und 20 % Nickel verbessern. Die Zeitstandfestigkeitskennwerte von zwei niobhaltigen Schmelzen dieses Stahltyps wurden in Versuchen ermittelt. Der Vergleich der Zeitstandfestigkeitskennwerte der CrNi-haltigen Schleudergußsorten mit und ohne Niob ist anhand eines gemeinsamen Streubandes durchgeführt worden.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 172-174 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 2 (1971), S. 243-252 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Crack propagation in ultra-high-strength steels and their welded joints under dynamic loading. Reported are results of investigation into the propagation of cracks in the base metal and weld metal of an ultra-high-strength steel. The material used in the investigations was a Ni—Co—Mo—alloy maraging steel with a yield point of 170 kp/mm2. The steel was arc welded and TIG welded. The joints exhibited a drop of static strength in the range of 5 to 8 percent related to the base metal. Under zero-to-tension stress cycles the fatigue strength corresponded that of other high-strength steels, under tension-compression stress cycles the steel exhibited a higher fatigue strength. It was possible to show striations with the aid of scanning microscopy. Comparing the track propagation calculated in the microscopic range with the results obtained from the crack growth curves produced approximate agreement.
    Notes: Die folgenden Untersuchungen befassen sich mit dem Rißfortschritt in ultrafesten geschweißten Verbindungen. Als Versuchswerkstoff diente-ein martensitaushärtender Ni—Co—Mo—legierter Stahl mit einer Mindeststreckgrenze von 170 kp/mm2. Die verwendeten Bleche wurden lichtbogenhand- und WIG-geschweißt. Bei den Verbindungen war ein statischer Festigungsabfall von 5 bis 8% zu verzeichnen. Im Zugschwellbereich entsprach die Schwingfestigkeit der Tragfähigkeit anderer hochfester Stähle, im Zug-Druck-Wechselbereich dagegen ergab sich eine bessere dynamische Tragfähigkeit. Mit Hilfe der Rasterelektronenmikroskopie gelang der Nachweis von Bruchlinien. Ein Vergleich der im mikroskopischen Bereich berechneten Rißfortschrittsgeschwindigkeiten mit den aus den Rißwachstumskurven gewonnenen Ergebnissen führte zu einer annähernden Übereinstimmung.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 2 (1971), S. 262-263 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 2 (1971), S. 254-258 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Inorganic Polymers. This paper does not seek provide a synoptic view of the vast field of inorganic polymers. Instead it contains a few speculations about future progress, as seen from a strictly personal viewpoint. These speculations revolve around three points. These are: )1(The distribution of the network bonds in space.)2(The nature of the network bonds.)3(Mixed networks.There are many other degrees of freedom in polymere science which have not been discussed, and some of these will be exposed in the later papers.
    Notes: Diese Arbeit ist keine Synopsis des großen Gebietes anorganischer Polymere. Sie bringt einige Spekulationen aus persönlicher Sicht, denen drei Gesichtspunkte zugrunde liegen: 1die räumliche Verteilung der Netzwerkbindungen2die Natur der Netzwerkbindungen3gemischte NetzwerkeWeitere “Freiheitsgrade” der Polymer-Wissenschaft sollen in späteren Arbeiten diskutiert werden.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 2 (1971), S. 263-263 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 2 (1971), S. 264-267 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 2 (1971), S. 267-278 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 2 (1971), S. 259-261 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: Production of Dispersion-Hardened Nickel and Cobalt Alloys by means of Powder Metallurgy. Dispersion-hardened nickel and cobalt alloys whose creep-rupture strength drops more slowly at rising temperatures than in the known precipitation-hardened alloys, are suitable for use at 1000-1200 °C. The preferred component for producing dispersed phase is thoria. A cobalt alloy similar to S 816 containing 3% thoria was produced by a chemical process: By precipitation from an aqueous solution of the metallic salts concerned in the presence of a colloidal solution of thoria (partycle size 30-50 Å), one obtains a mixture of the hydroxides or the basic carbonates respectively. Co-precipitation in one single preparation is possible, if certain conditions are observed. After drying and powdering, the precipitate is reduced in a hydrogen stream in two stages (at 700 and at 1230 °C). The resultant metal powder is compacted, vacuum-sintered at 1290 °C and then extruded at 1150 °C.
    Notes: Dispersionsgehärtete Nickel- und Kobaltlegierungen, deren Zeitstandfestigkeit mit steigender Temperatur langsamer abfällt als die der bekannten ausscheidungsgehärteten Legierungen, sind für den Einsatz bei 1000 bis 1200 °C geeignet. Als härtender Dispersionsstoff wird Thoriumoxid bevorzugt Die Herstellung einer S 816 ähnlichen Kobaltlegierung mit 3% Thoriumoxid erfolgt nach einem chemischen Verfahren: Durch Ausfällung aus einer wässerigen Lösung der entsprechenden Metallsalze in Gegenwart einer kolloidalen Lösung von Thoriumoxid (Teilchengröße 30 his 50 Å) erhält man eine Mischung der Oxidhydrate bzw. basischen Carbonate. Bei Einhaltung bestimmter Bedingungen ist die gemeinsame Ausfällung in einem Ansatz möglich. Nach Trocknen und Mahlen wird das Fällungsprodukt im strömenden Wasserstoff in zwei Stufen (bei 700 und bei 1230 °C) reduziert. Das so erhaltene Metallpulver wird gepreßt, unter Vakuum bei 1290 °C gesintert und bei 1150 °C stranggepreßt.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 2 (1971), S. 279-279 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 2 (1971), S. 279-279 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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