ALBERT

Description: For temperature investigations, a core in the Mediterranean Sea (No 189 of the Swedish Deep-Sea Expedition 1947-1948) was sampled at approximately 10 m intervals. Globigerina dubia, G. inflata and Globigerinoides rubra were seperated from each sample and their test were investigated for stable oxygen isotopic measurement. Oxygen isotopic analysis showed the following: 1) Ten stages are indicated. 2) The temperature minimum of stage 2 corresponds to a racliocarbon age of 17,200 years. 3) Temperature maxima of odd stages are about equal to the modern August mean, except that of stage 5 which is considerably higher and, probably reflects the influx of ice melt water. 4) Temperature minima of even stages are all very low, especially that of stage 2, and reflect conditions similar to those now prevailing around Newfoundland. 5) The temperature record indicates that during most of the time covered by the core, the Mediterranean was cooler than at present and that conditions similar to the present occurred only during comparatively short intervals. 6) Minor temperature fluctuations occur, especially in the warmer stages, which are of doubtful significance. 7) An average rate of sedimentation of 4.3 cm/1000 years is indicated for the whole core.

Description: The cores and dredges described in this report were taken during the Swedish Deep Sea Expedition from July 1947 until October 1948 aboard the S/S Albatross (Boström). A total of 370 cores and trawls during this World circumnavigation.

Description: The surprisingly high content of radium in certain deep-sea sediments discovered nearly fifty years ago by J. Joly remained unexplained until 1937, when H. Pettersson suggested an ocean-wide precipitation of ionium from sea water on to the ocean bottom as its origin. Extensive radium measurements on deep-sea cores raised by the Swedish Deep-Sea Expedition carried out in this institute by Pettersson, T. Bernert and me did not confirm the regular vertical distribution of radium reported by other workers. An expected rise in radium content from moderate values in the uppermost surface layers to a maximum corresponding to a radioactive equilibrium between precipitated ionium and ionium-supported radium generally occurred; but the maximum was not followed by the theoretical exponential decline downwards governed by the rate of decay of ionium, to 50 per cent in 83,000 years, to 25 per cent in 166,000 years, etc. Instead, a number of secondary maxima of radium content separated by equally pronounced minima were observed (see graph), which could not well be explained as due to intervening changes in the rate of total sedimentation. Another explanation offered was that ionium and radium are not in radioactive equilibrium; that is, the assumption underlying the use of measurements of radium as indicating the concentration in the same layer of its mother element is unjustified.

Description: Compared with their New World relatives of the subfamily Cyprinodontinae, the Old World Cyprinodonts are but little known. However, some interesting accounts on Turkish species, discovered by Kosswig, S\xc3\xb6zer and Aksiray, have recently been published. Besides the species known, several new forms and species are described.\nWhile compiling an account on these fishes suitable for the home aquarium (Hoedeman & Bronner, 1950\xe2\x80\x941951), we felt some characters need reexamination, not only of Aphanius, but also of the North African genus Tellia which is said to differ from Aphanius only in the absence of ventral fins.

Description: Material: Indochina, Tonkin, Manson Mts. 2\xe2\x80\x943000\xe2\x80\x99. April\xe2\x80\x94May. (Coll. H. FRUHSTORFER), 2 \xe2\x99\x82 \xe2\x99\x82, 1 \xe2\x99\x80.\nColour: probably somewhat faded. Head yellowish, with frons and vertex rather dark brown. Antennae yellowish, the distal part of the 6th, and the 7th joint brownish. Somites with a broad median yellowish band from collum to tail and yellowish lateral keels, the rest castaneous, slightly paler at the ventral side. Sternites and legs yellowish.

Description: Le processus pr\xc3\xa9oral est court. L\xe2\x80\x99\xc5\x93il migrateur d\xc3\xa9passe le bord ant\xc3\xa9rieur de l\xe2\x80\x99\xc5\x93il fixe de plus de la moiti\xc3\xa9 de son propre diam\xc3\xa8tre. La narine exhalante z\xc3\xa9nithale est pr\xc3\xa9sente. La l\xc3\xa8vre mandibulare z\xc3\xa9nithale est hypertrophi\xc3\xa9e en un petit nombre de larges processus nullement cili\xc3\xa9s. Ko\xce\xbc\xcf\x88\xc3\xb2s, \xc3\xa9l\xc3\xa9gant; \xce\xbc\xce\xb5wia\xce\xbca, sourire.

Description: Corophium arenarium was first described by CRAWFORD in his excellent review of the entire genus, in 1937. In the description, the author expressed his doubt already whether it might be a distinct species or merely a variety of C. volutator. CRAWFORD\xe2\x80\x99S observations on the variation of the number of spines on antenna II, segment 4 and 5, suggest that it is only a variety.\nCHEVAIS, 1937, does not give a definite opinion, whether he considers the species distinct from each other or not. For biometrical reasons, as well for reasons of variation observed by other authors, he suggests, however, that C. volutator and C. arenarium are only local races of one species.

Description: One of the specimens dealt with in the present paper has been described in previous papers, in which it appeared under three different names, all of which for different reasons eventually proved to be erroneous. The present identification as Sacculina cordata Shiino at last seems to be definite. The second specimen, as the first from the material collected by the Siboga Expedition, belongs to the species Sacculina papposa V. K. & B., of which up till now the type specimen only was known; the parasite dealt with here is interesting because the excrescences of its external cuticle are of a structure slightly different from that of the corresponding parts in the type; moreover, in this specimen retinacula were found, yielding an additional character for the definition of the species. The remainder of the material dealt with here proved to belong to a new species, characterized in the first place by the peculiar excrescences of the external cuticle.

Description: Voorjaar 1949 ontving ik een kleine collectie levende vissen uit Suriname (Nederlands Guiana), door een zeeman verzameld in een poel nabij Paramaribo. Helaas is de juiste vindplaats niet nader aangegeven, dan enige kilometers ten zuiden van de hoofdstad.\nOnmiddellijk na ontvangst werden de vissen, die hier het onderwerp van bespreking zijn, in een groot gezelschapsaquarium (150 X 60 X 50 cm. hoog) ondergebracht, dat reeds werd bevolkt door verscheidene Nannostomini, Hasemania marginata, Rivulus cylindraceus, Acanthophthalmus kuhli, Dermogenus pusillus en Nannacara anomala en N. taenia.

Description: Scientific research concerning growth inhibitors, which has been pursued for several decades already, dealt mainly with the effect of these substances on the germination process. WIESNER (1894) demonstrated the presence of a growth inhibitor in the slime of the mistletoe (Viscum album) which prevented the germination of a great variety of seeds. OPPENHEIMER (1922) supplemented the analysis by placing seeds on the pulp of ripe tomatoes and he observed a strong inhibitive effect as a result of this treatment. In addition, however, he found that the inhibiting substance is thermolabile and insoluble in ether or alcohol. REINHARD (1933) corroborated Oppenheimer\xe2\x80\x99s results for the most part. According to this author, however, the inhibiting agent in tomato juice is thermostabile, and it is not destroyed by boiling, neiher by neutralisation or by diluting the juice 50 times. In other fleshy fruits such as apples, pears and quinces K\xc3\x96CKEMANN (1934) detected inhibiting substances capable of preventing the germination of Lepidium seeds. These substances were reported to be sensitive to peroxide and to alkali, thermostabile and soluble in water and in ether, but insoluble in petroleum ether. On the other hand, the inhibiting agent extracted by LEHMANN (1937) from the exocarp if buckwheat is thermolabile. In Helianthus annuus and Avena sativa, finally, RUGE (1939) demonstrated the presence of an inhibitor that reduces the speed of germination to a considerable extent. FR\xc3\x96SCHEL\xe2\x80\x99S investigations on Trifolium and Beta will be dealt with in 4.\nThis survey is not quite exhaustive, but clearly demonstrates that the inhibiting agent should not be regarded as a definite, well-defined chemical substance which is always the same in every individual case, but as a group of substances with analogous activities but most probably with widely divergent physical and chemical properties. Following K\xc3\x96CKEMANN (1934) we can classify the inhibiting substances into two groups, as follows : 1. inhibiting substances in the testa or in the seed, and 2. inhibiting substances in the mesocarp of pulpy fruits.

Description: Quant aux naturalistes qui reconnaissent que les vari\xc3\xa9t\xc3\xa9s sont restreintes dans certaines limites fix\xc3\xa9es par la nature, il faut, pour leur r\xc3\xa9pondre, examiner jusqu\'o\xc3\xb9 s\'\xc3\xa9tendent ces limites, recherche curieuse, fort int\xc3\xa9ressante...\nCUVIER, G., Discours sur les r\xc3\xa9volutions de la surface du globe, 3rd ed., Paris, 1825, p. 118.\n\nCONTENTS\nIntroduction................... 4\nOn the variation of Hippopotamus amphibius L.......... 6\nThe fossil Hippopotamidae of Asia............ 30\nHippopotamus iravaticus Falconer et Cautley......... 34\nHippopotamus sivalensis Falconer et Cautley......... 36\nHippopotamus sivalensis sivalensis Falconer et Cautley ...... 40\nHippopotamus sivalensis namadicus Falconer et Cautley...... 49\nHippopotamus sivalensis palaeindicus Falconer et Cautley..... 51\nHippopotamus sivalensis duboisi nov. subsp.......... 54\nHippopotamus sivalensis cf. palaeindicus Falconer et Cautley .... 56\nHippopotamus sivalensis sinhaleyus Deraniyagala........ 56\nHippopotamus sivalensis sivajavanicus (Dubois)........ 57\nHippopotamus sivalensis koenigswaldi Hooijer........ 65\nHippopotamus sivalensis soloensis nov. subsp.......... 75\nHippopotamus sivalensis Falconer et Cautley subsp........ 86\nPostcranial remains of Hippopotamus from the Pleistocene of Java ... 87\nIncertae sedis................. 108\nSubspeciation in Hippopotamus sivalensis Falconer et Cautley . . . . 109

Description: The increased importance which the European red mite (Paratetranychus pilosus (Can. et Fanz.)) (= Metatetranychus ulmi (Koch)) has assumed in recent years has led to an intensive study of its biology and natural history.\nIn the course of these investigations many workers, and in particular those in Nova Scotia (vide Lord, 1949), have become convinced that this pest can be controlled, on apple trees at least, by natural means and that some of the most active agents in its eradication are the representatives of that group of predaceous mites which Vitzthum (1941) placed in the subfamily Phytoseiinae Ber\'lese, 1916 1). As the late Dr. A. C. Oudemans of Arnhem included many if not most of these species in the genus Typhlodromus as he conceived it, this paper is in essence a revision of that genus.\nPresumably because of their small size and limited distribution, which is largely contingent upon readily available populations of their hosts, little attention has been paid to these predators from either the ecological or taxonomic point of view. A cursory survey of the literature pertaining to the predaceous relationship which exists between the Phytoseiinae herein to be discussed and the tetranychid mites may serve as an appraisal of this economically significant group of mites. Koch (1839) in describing what now appears to be a typhlodromid, viz., Gamasus vepallidus, made no reference to its possible predaceous habits. Scheuten (1857) thought that the eriophyids which he found associated in numbers with his Typhlodromus pyri were its offspring. Berlese (1882-1898), however, had a better understanding of these relationships and was able to state in his redescription of G. vepallidus as Seius (Seiulus) vepallidus (K.) that it was a predator of small acari as well as being a mycophage. His countryman, Ribaga (1902), writing of the

Description: Manilkara Adanson em. Gilly, Trop. Woods 73, 1943, 1\xe2\x80\x9422 \xe2\x80\x94 Manilkara Adanson, Fam. 2,1763,166; Dubard, Ann. Mus. col. Mars. 23,1915,6; Baehni, Candollea 7, 1938, 394\xe2\x80\x94508; Lam, Blumea 4, 2, 1941, 323; Lam, Blumea 5, 1, 1942, 41 \xe2\x80\x94 Manilkara Rheede, Lam in Bull. Jard. bot. Bzg, s\xc3\xa9r. 3, 7, 1925, 238; Lam, 1. c., s\xc3\xa9r. 3, 8, 1927, 481 \xe2\x80\x94 Manyl-kara Rheede, Hort. Mal. 4, 1673, 53, t. 25 \xe2\x80\x94 Mimusops L., sect. Ternaria DC., Prodr. 8, 1844, 203; as a subgenus in Engler, Monogr. Afr. Pfl. Fam und Gatt. 8, 1904, 55 \xe2\x80\x94 Delastrea A. DC, Prodr. 8, 1844, 195 \xe2\x80\x94 Labramia A. DC, 1. c. 672 \xe2\x80\x94 Mimusops L., sect. Euternaria Engl., 1. c., p.p. (except sect. Muriea) \xe2\x80\x93 Northia (not of Hook, f.) sensu Lam, 1. c. 1925, 241 and 1927, 481, p.p.; Lam, Bern. P. Bish. Mus. Bull. 141, 1936, 163 \xe2\x80\x94 Northiopsis Kanehira, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 47, 1933, 677; Lam, 1. c. 1941, 343; Lam, 1. c. 1942, 43 \xe2\x80\x94 Faucherea Lec., Bull. Mus. hist. nat. 26, 1920, 248 \xe2\x80\x94 Achras L., Sp. Pl., 1753, App. 1190; Loefling, Iter Hisp,, 1758, 186; Lam, Bull. Jard. bot. Bzg, s\xc3\xa9r. 3, 7, 1925, 218; Lam, 1. c., s\xc3\xa9r. 3, 8, 1927, 476; Little, Brittonia 7, 1948, 48.\nLaticiferous trees. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, often obovate with rounded tip, stipules caducous; midrib impressed or crested above, prominent below, secondary and tertiary nerves parallel, secondary ones hardly stronger than tertiary nerves, the latter slender, descending from margin, often stretchedly and minutely reticulate. Inflorescences axillary, clustered, manyflorous. Flowers hermaphrodite, pedicellate, pedicel often incrassate when fruiting. Calyx with 2 whorls of 3 lobes each. Corolla with 6 lobes, each of them with 2 dorsal or lateral segments which are sometimes reduced or wanting. Stamens 6, epipetalous, inserted in the row of the staminodes, anthers dehiscing extrorsely. Staminodes 6, petaloid, alternipetalous, ovate, acuminate,, usually dentate or lobed. Ovary 6\xe2\x80\x9414-celled, cells 1-ovuled, ovules axile, anatropous to campylotropous. Fruit a dryish berry, 1\xe2\x80\x946- seeded; seeds compressed to terete, pear-shaped to oblong ellipsoid, scar basiventral or almost basal, large to small, wide to narrow, oblong to linear, with the hilum at the apical and the micropyle at the basal end; testa crustaceous; albumen copious, cotyledons foliaceous, thin, ovate, radicle long exserted, cylindrical.

Description: Of this series of preparations to the definite publication of the Burseraceae in \xe2\x80\x9cFlora Malesiana\xe2\x80\x9d, the present part is giving an additional note on VI. Garuga and dealing with the genera VII. Triomma, VIII. Dacryodes and IX. Santiria (and a new combination in Protium).\nThe present paper gives only additions to and alterations of Lam\xe2\x80\x99s monograph (H. J. Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., S\xc3\xa9r. 3, 12, 1932, 281\xe2\x80\x94 561); descriptions, synonyms, litterature, specimens cited, ecological and other notes are only mentioned insofar as they are not given by Lam.

Description: The following new species of Terminalia will be included in the forthcoming account of the Combretaceae for the Flora Malesiana where their respective positions in the key will indicate more clearly their relationship to already described species.\nTerminalia capitulata Exell, sp. nov.

Description: Exbucklandia R. W. Brown ( Bucklandia R. Br. non Pr. ex Sternb., Symingtonia Steen.) In an article on \xe2\x80\x9cAlterations in some fossil and living floras\xe2\x80\x9d (J. Wash. Ac. Sc. 36: 348. Oct. 1946) R. W. Brown proposed the new generic name Exbucklandia for the Hamamelidaceous genus Bucklandia R. Br., non Pr. ex Sternb., while describing a new fossil species from the United States. He also transferred B. populnea to the new genus. Unfortunately I had overlooked this publication when proposing Symingtonia to replace Bucklandia R. Br. (Acta Bot. Neerl. 1: 443\xe2\x80\x94444. 1952). Exbucklandia will have to be accepted for it in future. The Indo-Chinese species B. tonkinensis Lecomte should be referred to as Exbucklandia tonkinensis (Lecomte) Steen. comb. nov. I have to thank Dr E. H. Walker for pointing my attention to R. W. Brown\xe2\x80\x99s paper.

Description: Premna brongersmai, nov. spec. \xe2\x80\x94 Frutex? Ramuli teretes conspicue subdistanter lenticellati 0.3\xe2\x80\x940.5 cm crassi, internodia in specimine 7\xe2\x80\x9411 cm longa. Folia coriacea subrigida, decussatim opposita glaberrima petiolata, ovata vel oblongo-ovata vel subovata vel oblongo-lanceolata, basi plus minusve late rotundata, marginibus integra, apice abrupte vel subabrupte peracute acuminata, latiora 8.5\xe2\x80\x9411 X 4.7\xe2\x80\x945.7 cm, angustiora (in eodem specimine, ut apparet) 12\xe2\x80\x9414.5 X 4\xe2\x80\x944.5 cm ; nervi haud prominentes, costa media subtus prominente excepta; nervi secundarii graciles utrimque 5\xe2\x80\x947, curvati, margines versus diminuti haud confluentes, tertiarii pertenues subdistanter transversi, reticulatione minutissima areolata; petioli e basi incrassata 1\xe2\x80\x94 1.7 cm longi tenues. Inflorescentiae paniculatae terminales, partiales inferiores ex axillis foliorum parvorum, superiores ex axillis bractearum subulatarum 0.3\xe2\x80\x940.1 cm longarum ortae, totae 12\xe2\x80\x9417 cm longae, 17\xe2\x80\x9429 cm latae, partiales medianae longiores, e pedunculo gracili 10\xe2\x80\x9414 cm longae, pseudodichotomice late divaricatae, ramificationes ultimae dichasiales minute pubescentes. Flores parvi tetrameri subsessiles, alabastris pyriformibus, glabris; calyx glaber cupularis subbilabiatus, c. 0.25 cm altus, labio inferiore acute integro vel leviter acuto-bidentato, superiore 2 lobis majoribus acutis suffulto, calyx intus praecipue dimidio superiore multis glandulis in sicco opacis munitus; corolla in regione staminum insertionis tantum intus pilosa, cetera glabra, 0.4\xe2\x80\x940.45 cm alta, tubo subcylindrico 0.3\xe2\x80\x940.35 cm longo, limbo aestivatione cochleata subbilabiato, labio inferiore trilobo (lobo medio in alabastro ceteros tegente, 0.15 cm longo, rotundato, lateralibus 0.1 cm longis, subtruncatis), superiore integro 0.1 cm longo subtruncato, in alabastro omnino tecto; regio pilosa sub labio superiore paulo infirmior; stamina alternipetala in regione pilosa aequa altitudine inserta, subdidynamia, filamentis sub labio superiore paulo brevioribus in alabastro sigmoideo-sinuatis 0.2 cm longis, sub labio inferiore 0.25 cm longis, omnibus vittatis apice abrupte contractis filiformibus; antherae 0.05 X 0.1 cm, subreniformes, thecae poris ovatis dehiscentes; ovarium globosum glabrum 0.15 cm altum 4-loculatum, loculis uniovulatis; ovula longa apotropa medio affixa; stylus filiformis 0.25 cm longus, stigma bilobum, lobis acutis piano mediano patentibus. Fructus ignoti.\nShrub? Branchlets (all?) apparently long and drooping, 0.3\xe2\x80\x940.5 cm in diam.. Leaves decussate, entirely glabrous, ovate to ovate-oblong, base more or less broadly rounded, apex more or less abruptly and very acutely acuminate, margins entire, 8.5\xe2\x80\x9414.5 X 4\xe2\x80\x945.7 cm, nerves not prominent except midrib below, secondary ones 5\xe2\x80\x947, curved, reticulation minutely areolate between the almost inconspicuous transverse tertiary ones; petioles 1\xe2\x80\x941.7 cm long, incrassate at base. Inflorescences widely paniculate, terminal, 12\xe2\x80\x9417 cm long, 17\xe2\x80\x9429 cm broad, the lower partial panicles in the axils of ever smaller leaves, the upper ones in those of subulate bracts; ultimate ramifications dichasial, minutely pubescent. Flowers subsessile, 4-merous, glabrous but for a hair ring inside at the insertion of the filaments. Calyx cupular, more or less bilabiate, 0.25 cm high, lower lip entire or shallowly acutely bidentate, upper one with two larger acute teeth, inside with dispersed dark glands: corolla tube suibcylindrical 0.3\xe2\x80\x940.35 cm long, aestivation cochleate, slightly 2-lipped, lower lip 3-lobed, midlobe rounded and 0.15 cm long, lateral ones subtruncate and 0.1 cm long; upper lip entire, 0.1 cm long, subtruncate. Stamens 4, subdidynamous, those below upper lip with slightly shorter filaments; filaments ribbon-shaped, 0.2 and 0.25 cm long respectively, subabruptly narrowed below the anther and ending into a very thin apex; anthers kidney-shaped, 0.05 X 0.1 cm, with two ovate pores; ovary globose, glabrous, 0.15 cm high, 4-celled, cells uniovulate, ovules long, apotropous, attached in the middle of the cell; style filiform, 0.25 cm long, stigma with two acute lobes spreading medianly. Fruits unknown.

Description: The first result of this survey of the wide genera which have endemic species in New Caledonia is certainly to confirm the impression that there is indeed a noteworthy geographical association between Madagascar and that island, even if it is only a particular aspect of a more general relationship between Madagascar and Australasia as a whole.\nBut the survey gives prominence also to another point, namely the unexpectedly small part that tropical Africa plays in the distribution of the genera reviewed. It almost seems as if there is some factor of exclusion affecting that great region, and there is no indication of any corresponding degree of relation between tropical Africa and New Caledonia such as has been detected between the latter and Madagascar.

Description: In the course of my study on the wood-anatomy of Javan woods (Mikrographie des Holzes der auf Java vorkommenden Baumarten), I examined also many woods from mangrove-trees.\nMangrove has been the subject of much investigation; the community is usually described as xeromorphic. Mangrove woods proved to be different from woods belonging to species growing in other stations even if those species belonged to the same family or even genus. The data may be traced in my \xe2\x80\x9cMikrographie\xe2\x80\x9d but it seems more convenient to review them here.