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  • Articles  (16,234)
  • 1950-1954  (16,234)
  • Geosciences  (16,234)
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  • Articles  (16,234)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RAYLEIGH WAVES IN A MEDIUM WITH TWO SURFACE LAYERS (1954)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 6 (1954), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The propagation of waves of Rayleigh type in a uniform semi-infinite elastic medium with two uniform surface layers is discussed. The waves are dispersive, and the wave velocity equation is obtained as a determinant of the tenth order.By making infinite the thickness of the surface sheet one can derive the velocity equation for waves in an internal stratum. By making the thickness of either sheet zero one can retrieve the known equation for the velocity of Rayleigh waves in a medium with a single surface layer. If the wave-length is very small the determinant reduces to the product of three determinants which, equated in turn to zero, are the velocity equations of very short Rayleigh waves at the free surface and of very short waves of Rayleigh type at the two interfaces.The results of a numerical solution of the wave equation and the application to the surface waves of earthquakes will be communicated in a later paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1954.tb03044.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE EFFECT OF THE MOVEMENT OF SURFACE MASSES ON THE ROTATION OF THE EARTH (1953)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 6 (1953), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: When account is taken of the angular momentum of surface masses moving relative to the solid Earth it is found that the equations governing the variation of latitude are not sensibly affected by changes in the rate of rotation and that the equations previously used are adequate if correction terms are added to account for the angular momentum which may be large enough to have an observable effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1953.tb03034.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RAPID PERIODIC FLUCTUATIONS OF THE GEOMAGNETIC FIELD. I (1953)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 6 (1953), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Part I of this paper contains the presentation of a new analysis of observational material, mainly from Eskdalemuir, and describes some unexpected properties of geomagnetic fluctuations. The chief of these are (a) that there is a change of type at sunset from a continuous flux of disturbance to a comparative quiet punctuated by short damped wave trains, and (b) that the daytime fluctuations have a spectrum with definite fine structure. Part II is a discussion of the probable origin of geomagnetic pulsations. By comparing the characteristics found in Part I with those reported by previous observers it is concluded that the effects have a common cause, and very general arguments are then put forward to show that their origin is terrestrial. A survey of possible physical models points, after elimination, to a magneto-hydrodynamical resonance in one or more of the ionospheric layers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1953.tb03033.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SCALE HEIGHTS AND PRESSURES IN THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE FROM RADIO ECHO OBSERVATIONS OF METEORS (1954)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 6 (1954), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: A split-beam radio-echo technique has been used to measure the heights of the reflecting points of meteor trails. The measured width of the distribution of heights has been used in conjunction with the theories previously developed by Kaiser to determine the atmospheric scale height. The observations of sporadic meteors have been divided into velocity groups and values of the scale height have been calculated for each. A value of the atmospheric pressure at the mean height of each group is calculated from the evaporation theory of meteors. For purposes of comparison these results are converted into atmospheric densities which are compared with those obtained from rocket flights and meteor photographs made in New Mexico and Massachusetts. The present results for scale heights and densities are in close agreement with those obtained in New Mexico. In view of this a latitude variation in the density profile, which has been suggested as an explanation of the difference between the New Mexico and Massachusetts results, now seems unlikely.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1954.tb03045.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A SUGGESTED EXPLANATION OF THE PRESENT VALUE OF THE VELOCITY OF ROTATION OF THE EARTH (1952)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 6 (1952), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: It is suggested that the coincidence of the period of rotation of the Earth and a natural period of vibration of the atmosphere is not fortuitous but due to the Earth being driven at a constant rate in synchronism with the vibration. An observation by Kelvin that the gravitational couple on the atmospheric tides accelerates the Earth's rotation is recalled, and the production of mechanical energy to balance the dissipation of the oceanic tides is discussed. The astronomical evidence supporting the current view that the rotation is being steadily retarded is reviewed and found to contain contradictions, and it is claimed that the high value of the angular momentum of the Earth-Moon orbit supports the hypothesis of equilibrium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1952.tb03021.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ON THE GEOPHYSICAL INTERPRETATION OF IRREGULARITIES IN THE ROTATION OF THE EARTH (1952)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 6 (1952), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Astronomical observations have indicated that variations in the Earth's rotation by several parts per hundred million sometimes occur over periods of one or two decades. These irregularities may be caused by variations in the distribution of matter, or by variable motion relative to the Earth. It is found that processes in the atmosphere and ocean are inadequate to account for all of the observed irregularities, but that their effect is not necessarily negligible. Processes in the crust and mantle could barely do so, but such processes seem highly unlikely for a number of reasons. The irregularities can be accounted for by a variable motion in the core amounting to a fraction of the total motion indicated by the westward drift of the Earth's magnetic field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1952.tb03022.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE TIMES OF P UP TO 30° (1952)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 6 (1952), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Times of P in Mediterranean, Japanese and Californian earthquakes are analysed with the objects of testing the generality of the increase of the velocity at short distances found in Europe and the evidence for Gutenberg's layer of low velocity. The Mediterranean earthquakes do confirm the increase at short distances, but the Japanese ones agree with the tables in use, and there is clear evidence of a regional difference. The evidence from North American earthquakes is conflicting. It does not definitely indicate any change from the present travel times, but the uncertainties are larger than in the other regions, chiefly because there are rarely enough stations in approximately the same azimuth and at greatly different distances to give much information.The difference of the times at 2° and 25° is about the same in Europe and Japan, but in comparison with them the times in Europe at 8° are about 3° earlier. The time-curve in Europe is nearly liner up to 14°. There is evidence in both regions for a strong curvature of the time-curve between 15° and 20°, but it does not decide whether dt/dΔ is continuous or discontinuous in this interval.The curvature of the time-curve is in any case surprisingly small, because laboratory studies of the variation of elastic moduli with pressure indicate an increase of velocity with depth several times that given by any set of travel times. Increase of temperature with depth would presumably reduce the rate of increase but does not appear sufficient to account for the discrepancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1952.tb03023.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TIDAL GRAVITY OBSERVATIONS AT WINSFORD (CHESHIRE) (1952)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 6 (1952), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Tidal observations have been performed in the I. C. I. Salt Mine at Winsford. The gravimetric factor has been determined both for the overall values and the principal harmonic constituents. Its value is G= 1.20 ± 0.04. The results are compared with former measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1952.tb03025.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A THEORY OF NORTH SEA SURGES (1952)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 6 (1952), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The analysis of a large number of observations of North Sea surges by R. H. Corkan has enabled him to make a classification of them into types. One type of surge appears to be due to the passage of an atmospheric depression over the entrance to the North Sea. By simplifying the mathematical conditions it is possible to predict the results of the passage of such a depression. These are largely in conformity with the observations. In particular it is shown that the surge produced is a progressive one, passing from the entrance to the North Sea to the closed end and increasing uniformly in amplitude.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1952.tb03024.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE GRAVITATIONAL ATTRACTION OF A DEPOSIT OF CLAY (1952)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 6 (1952), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: On the basis of the study of the consolidation of clays made by Skempton (1944) and others, estimates have been made of the gravitational attraction of a deposit of clay. Examples of the behaviour of some typical clays are given and a procedure for correcting gravity anomalies for the attraction of a deposit of clay is suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1952.tb03012.x
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