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  • Articles  (6,113)
  • Springer  (4,161)
  • American Meteorological Society  (1,952)
  • American Chemical Society
  • 1955-1959  (3,296)
  • 1935-1939  (2,817)
  • Geosciences  (6,113)
Collection
  • Articles  (6,113)
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Year
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 44 (1959), S. 315-321 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary By comparing the equalities expressing the solar flux within a wide spectral region on the assumption of an extintion within the atmospheric aerosol given by βαλ−α and that of an extintion represented by β1λ−1, a relationship is established by means of which: 1) The error is discussed which is done when the air opacity is expressed by β1, in the case when α≠1; 2) A simple and quick method is worked out for determining the parameters βα and α from actinometric observations, carried out within the spectral regions λ〈525 mμ and 525 mμ〈λ〈625 mμ.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 44 (1959), S. 321-321 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 44 (1959), S. 322-328 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 44 (1959), S. 303-314 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La recherche nous fournit des preuves nouvelles pour le fait qu'à peu près deux ans avant les maxima et avant les minima des taches solaires, de même que 1 1/4 à 2 ans après les maxima, les zones subtropicales de haute pression sont renforcées et déplacées vers les pôles, et que le gradient de pression atmosphérique de la zone des hautes pressions déplacées vers la région polaire est plus fort dans l'été de l'Hémisphère Nord. Les intervaux du cycle des taches solaires — dans lesquels la zone subtropicale des hautes pressions est déplacée vers le pôle — sont fixés plus exactement par les quantités des précipitations dans l'Europe Centrale pendant l'été et par la pression atmosphérique moyenne d'été à Edinburgh. La distance du début et de la fin de ces intervaux de l'extrême des taches solaires le plus proche n'est pas exprimée par des ans, mais par des fractions de la distance de l'extrême des taches solaires précédent et de celui qui suit. Ce fait explique également les déviations dans des cycles des taches solaires anomaux. Enfin le diagramme des cernes moyens de dix sapins rouges de l'Europe Centrale pendant une époque de presque 200 ans est présenté. Ce diagramme nous montre nettement que l'on ne peut pas se tier à la thèse, que les cernes des vieilles arbres contiennent la période des taches solaires de onze ans. Au moins cette thèse n'est pas valable pour l'Europe Centrale. De l'autre côté ce diagramme exprime bien la double ou triple variation des précipitations au cours du cycle des taches solaires.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung In der Untersuchung werden neue Belege dafür erbracht, daß ungefähr zwei Jahre vor den Maxima und Minima der Sonnenflecken sowie 1 1/4 bis 2 Jahre nach den Maxima die subtropischen Hochdruckgürtel verstärkt und polwärts verschoben sind, und im Sommer der Nordhalbkugel das Luftdruckgefälle von dem verlagerten Hochdruckgürtel neach dem Polargebiet gesteigert ist. Auf Grund der sommerlichen Niederschlagsmengen in Mitteleuropa und des mittleren Sommerluftdrucks in Edinburgh werden die Abschnitte des Sonnenfleckenzyklus, in denen der subtropische Hochdruckgürtel polwärts verschoben ist, genauer festgestellt und der Abstand des Anfangs und Endes dieser Abschnitte vom nächstgelegenen Sonnenfleckenextrem nicht in Jahren, sondern in Bruchteilen des Abstandes des vorausgehenden Fleckenextrems vom nachfolgenden Fleckenextrem angegeben. Dadurch finden die Abweichungen in anomalen Fleckenzyklen eine Erklärung. Schließlich wird eine Kurve der mittleren jährlichen Wachstumsringe von 10 mitteleuropäischen Fichten während eines fast 200-jährigen Zeitraums gezeigt. Aus der Kurve geht mit aller Deutlichkeit die. Unrichtigkeit der Behauptung hervor, daß in den Jahresringen alter Bäume die 11-jährige Sonnenfleckenperiode enthalten sei. Mindestens gilt das nicht für Mitteleuropa. Dagegen kommt die Doppel- oder Dreifachschwankung des Niederschlags innerhalb des Sonnenfleckenzyklus in der Kurve gut zum Ausdruck.
    Notes: Summary The study presents new evidence for the fact that approximately two years prior to the occurrence of maxima and minima of the sunspots, also 1 1/4 to 2 years after the occurrence of maxima, the subtropical high-pressure belts are strengthened and shifted toward the poles, and further that the pressure gradient increases from the high-pressure belt toward the polar region in the summer of the Northern Hemisphere. Based on the summerly amounts of precipitation in Central Europe and average summerly atmospheric pressures in Edinburgh, the intervals of the sunspot cycle, during which the subtropical high-pressure belt is shifted toward the poles, are determined more precisely. The distance of beginning and end of these intervals from the nearest sunspot extreme is expressed in fractions of the distance from the preceding sunspot extreme to the following one, rather than in years. Thus, the departures in anomalous sunspot cycles find their explanation. Finally a chart shows the average annual rings of 10 Central European spruces during a period of almost 200 years. This chart clearly demonstrates the incorrectness of the assertion that the 11-years' sunspot period can be found in annual rings of old trees. This is at least not true in Central Europe. On the other hand the chart expresses well the double or triple variation of precipitations within the sunspot cycle.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 34 (1956), S. 260-267 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Average logarithmic profiles of velocity as a function of the velocity on the surface of the Rhine are deduced and also values of the roughness length and the friction velocity («Schubspannungsgeschwindigkeit»). From that the flow of the Rhine can be considered as a turbulent flow over a rough ground. The differences between the different sets of measurements and the average profile of velocity are discussed.
    Abstract: Résumé Des profils logarithmiques verticaux de la vitesse sont déduits en fonction de la vitesse superficielle du Rhin. En outre des valeurs sont données pour le paramètre de grossièreté et pour la vitesse de friction («Schubspannungsgeschwindigkeit»). A cause de ces dates le courant du Rhin peut Être interprété comme un courant se déroulant sur une couche bosselée. Les variations des séries diverses de mesures (comparées au profil moyen) sont discutées.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Aus Geschwindigkeitsmessungen im Rhein werden mittlere vertikale logarithmische Geschwindigkeitsprofile für verschiedene Oberflächengeschwindigkeiten hergeleitet und daraus Werte für den Rauhigkeitsparameter und die Schubspannungsgeschwindigkeit bestimmt. Danach kann die Strömung im Rhein als turbulente Strömung über einer rauhen Unterlage angesehen werden. Die Abweichungen einzelner Me\reihen von der mittleren Geschwindigkeitsverteilung in der Vertikalen werden diskutiert.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 35 (1956), S. 8-13 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Taking into account some recent results showing that the observations carried out with Worden gravimeters are influenced by temperature, a method of calibration has been followed which aims to neutralize both the effect of drift and to affort complete symmetry to every value observed.
    Abstract: Résumé En tenant compte de récents resultats qui montrent comme les lectures faites avec les gravimètres Worden soient influencées par la température, on a suivi pour l'étalonnage de ces gravimètres une méthode qui a le but outre que de neutralizer l'effet de la derive, d'assurer la complète symétrie aux valeurs observées.
    Notes: Riassunto Tenendo conto dei risultati di alcune recenti ricerche che mostrano come le letture fatte ai gravimetri Worden siano influenzate dalla temperatura, si è seguito un metodo di taratura che ha il duplice scopo di neutralizzare l'effetto della deriva e di trattare con la massima simmetria ogni singolo valore osservato.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 36 (1957), S. 243-249 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary Based on theoretical and experimental considerations about artificial radioactivated condensation nuclei of stuffs which crystallize mainly into the exagonal or pseudo-exagonal form, it is concluded that the alluminium oxide with quicksilver, when radioactivated, proved to be one of the most active condensation nuclei of the water vapor in the free atmosphere.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 36 (1957), S. 218-232 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird zum ersten Male ein Vergleich luftelektrischer Elemente in kernarmer Luft von etwa 50–1000 [KK/cm3] durchgeführt. Es zeigt sich, dass auch in diesem Bereich der Kernkonzentration die vereinfachte Wiedervereinigungsgleichung noch ihre Gültigkeit hat. Die Streuung der einzelnen Werte ist sehr gross. Die Gründe dieser Streuungen werden kurz erwähnt. Die Lösung der Wiedervereinigungsgleichung wird für den Fall kleiner Kernkonzentrationen in eine e-Funktion entwickelt. Eine genaue Aussage über den Absolutwert der Leifähigkeit kann auf Grund dieser Gleichung nicht gemacht werden. Diese Gleichung gibt über die Beziehung der Leitfähigkeitsänderung und der KernzahländerungdΛ/dZ=−κΛ Auskunft. Einige Tagesgänge der Monatsmittelwerte werden demonstriert.
    Notes: Summary For the first time comparisons are made in an atmosphere with a small number of condensation nuclei, between the content of condensation nuclei and atmospheric electrical elements. The simplified equation for the recombination is valid in this range of nuclei content too. The dispersion of single values is very great. The causes for this dispersions are briefly mentioned. The solution of the equation of recombination is evolved into an exponential function for the case of small nuclei content. An exact statement for the absolute value of conductivity cannot be given on the basis of this equation. This equation provides information on the relations of variations of conductivity and numbers of nuclei:dΛ/dZ=−κΛ. Some diurnal variations of the monthly means are demonstrated.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 37 (1957), S. 16-20 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary In this note displacements and stresses produced in an infinite elastic solid by impulsive radial and twisting displacements applied to the inner surface of a spherical cavity have been determined.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 37 (1957), S. 55-78 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary The tidal gravimetric factor due to the elastic yielding of the Earth has been determined by gravimetric measurements on Unst (Shetland Islands), extending over the time of one month. Its corrected value isG=1.205±0.03. The influence of applying different methods of harmonic analysis, and the effects of ambient temperature and pressures and of the sea tides on the gravimetric results are discussed. No significant difference inG for semi-diurnal and diurnal tides remains after the necessary corrections have been made. The amplitude of the semidiurnal load depression is about 2 cm and it is shown that the more distant North Atlantic tides have a greater effect than the regional tides near the Shetlands. An approximate calculation gives 4.3×1011 CGS-units as the mean rigidity of the part of the Earth's crust yielding to the maritime loading differences in this region.
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