ALBERT

Description: The aim of this book is to provide all persons interested in the tree and wood species of Suriname with a simple means to find the name of a given tree. To this end two dichotomous keys have been drawn up with the help of punched cards prepared from studies of conserved material and field observations made by the authors. The first one makes use only of vegetative characters of leaves and twigs and a few saliant features of the bark, disregarding flower and fruit characters mostly used in floras. The second key is based on the anatomy of the wood as far as this can be observed with a good 10 X or sometimes 20 X magnifying hand-lens.\nIn the \xe2\x80\x9cInleiding\xe2\x80\x9d the terminology applied in each of the keys and in the descriptions is explained and elucidated by sketch drawings. After the keys follows the descriptive part in which the families are treated in alphabetical sequence as are the genera within each family and species within a genus. In general the taxa are taken in the same circumscription as in the \xe2\x80\x9cFlora of Suriname\xe2\x80\x9d; where a different name is accepted, following recent views, the name in the Flora has been added in brackets. Attention is drawn to the Mimosaceae and Papilionaceae which are treated here on account of their close relationship as two major subdivisions of Leguminosae, the latter name being used as general family heading.

Description: Among some coccids from Indonesia, received from Dr. L. G. E. KALSHOVEN, four large specimens were found which by their well developed ovisac showed some resemblance to Icerya purchasi MASK. After comparing the specimens with the photographs in MORRISON\xe2\x80\x99S Classification of the Margarodidae (1928) it appeared, however, that the wax covering of the body was more alike that of Walkeriana floriger (WALKER).\nThe old pinned specimens were not labelled, but Dr. KALSHOVEN remembered that they had been collected by Prof. ROEPKE on \xe2\x80\x9etjemara\xe2\x80\x9d (Casuarina). Upon inquiry Prof. ROEPKE informed me that in 1910 he had collected a giant coccid on old stems of Casuarina Junghuhniana MIQ. in the Tengger Mts. (East-Java). The specimens were found on trees near the last bend of the road leading to Tosari, a well-known health-resort at an elevation of about 1750 m, where Europeans often used to spend their holidays. Some specimens had been sent to Mr. E. E. GREEN in Ceylon who replied that it was a species of Walkeriana, but that he wanted the larvae for a description of this new species.

Description: In 1898 a shot-hole borer, identified as X. perforans (Woll.) appeared in an experimental plantation of sugar-cane varieties at Kagok, near Tegal, West Java. Zehntner, the Swiss entomologist on the staff of the Sugar-cane Experimental Station at Kagok, used the opportunity to study the borer extensively in the laboratory as well as in the field. The borer was already notorious at the time by its boring into the bung and staves of wine-casks in Madeira and beercasks in India, which caused leakages \xc2\xb2).\nZehntner published the very important results of his investigations in an extensive paper written for the planters in the Dutch language, in 1900. A summary of this paper on \xe2\x80\x9dDe riet-schorskever\xe2\x80\x9d (the cane bark-borer) was inserted in an annual report for 1900. An excerpt of the paper, quoting some parts verbatim but wanting several of the most interesting biological details, appeared in 1906 in VAN DEVENTER\xe2\x80\x99S volume on \xe2\x80\x9eDe dierlijke vijanden van het suikerriet en hunne parasieten\xe2\x80\x9d (= The enemies of sugar-cane and their parasites).

Description: In May 1938 I had the opportunity to observe seven living Aplysia depilans in the Zoological Station Naples. Notes on the size and colour were made and different methods of preservation were tried.\nAs one often wonders how much of the original colour pattern has been preserved in museum specimens of Aplysia, it seems important to give the result of the comparison of the living specimens as studied in 1938 and the same specimens after 18 years of preservation, in 1956. The best way of preservation appears to be killing in diluted alcohol as specimen nr. V shows.

Description: In an adult female of the common eel Anguilla anguilla a large lipoma was found, situated on the left side, caudally of the left operculum. Microscopically, the tumour, which originated from the subcutaneous connective tissue, was composed of areas of adipose tissue and areas of fibrous connective tissue.\nThe tumour belongs to the fibrolipomatous type and shows a striking resemblance with the lipoma, described by Stolk (in press) in the lizard Lacerta muralis.

Description: Die Untersuchung des Ems-Estuarium mit dem Dollart und dem anschlie\xc3\x9fenden Wattgebiet wurde u.a. vorgenommen, um durch das Sammeln von \xc3\xb6kologischer Kenntnisse, die pal\xc3\xa4o-\xc3\xb6kologischen Verh\xc3\xa4ltnisse derartiger Regionen aus fr\xc3\xbcheren Epochen der Erdgeschichte besser kennen zu lernen. Deshalb haben diese Schlu\xc3\x9ffolgerungen \xc3\xbcber die \xc3\xb6kologischen Verh\xc3\xa4ltnisse einen etwas anderen Akzent, als wenn sie von einem Biologen stammten.\nDie \xc3\x96kologie der Diatomaceae, Mollusca, Ostracoda, Amphipoda, Copepoda, Foraminifera und noch einiger anderer wirbelloser Tiere wurde einer n\xc3\xa4heren Untersuchung unterzogen. Absichtlich war die Aufmerksamkeit auf die Mikrofauna und -flora gerichtet, weil wir besonders unsere mikropal\xc3\xa4ontologische Kenntnis vertiefen wollten.

Description: Die Subsubclassis Redioinei ODENING, 1960 innerhalb der Unterklasse Digenea (VAN BENEDEN, 1858) wurde in zwei fr\xc3\xbcheren programmatischen Systementw\xc3\xbcrfen provisorisch, teilweise in Anlehnung an LA RUE (1957), gegliedert (ODENING 1960, 1961b). Ich halte es heute f\xc3\xbcr angebracht, die in jeder Beziehung bestimmbaren und festumrissenen Trematodengruppen als Ordnungen zu bewerten, wie es z.B. auch in den neueren Systemen der Cestoden der Fall ist. Diese Auffassung hat nicht nur praktische Vorz\xc3\xbcge, sondern sie befreit auch die unbestritten einheitlichen Gruppen aus hypothetischen Verbindungen. Ist es doch ein Nachteil der meisten neueren Einteilungsversuche der Digenea, da\xc3\x9f phylogenetische Hypothesen in Form von Ordnungen etabliert wurden, die nach Lage der Dinge je nach Auffassung der Autoren recht verschieden zusammengesetzt waren, w\xc3\xa4hrend die wirklich einheitlichen Gruppen mit den Zwischenkategorien (Unterordnung, \xc3\x9cberfamilie) bedacht wurden. Die Redioinei umfassen nach der neuen Wertung folgende selbst\xc3\xa4ndige Ordnungen (alphabetische Reihenfolge): 1. Allocreadiida Odening, 1960 2. Azygiida (La Rue, 1957) stat. et nom. emend. 3. Clinostomatida (Allison, 1943) stat. et nom. emend. 4. Cyclocoelida (La Rue, 1957) stat. et nom. emend. 5. Fasciolida (Poche, 1926) stat. et char. emend. 6. Hemiurida (Poche, 1926) stat. emend. 7. Opisthorchiida (La Rue, 1957) char. emend. 8. Paramphistomatida (Poche, 1926) stat. et char. emend.\nDie Ordnung Didymozoida (Poche, 1926) ist von den Redioinei auszuschlie\xc3\x9fen, da sie m\xc3\xb6glicherweise nicht zu den Digenea geh\xc3\xb6rt (siehe Baer & Joyeux 1961).

Description: Im Sommer des Jahres 1953, 1954 und 1956 wurden mit dem von dem Ministerium f\xc3\xbcr Wasserbauverwaltung zur Verf\xc3\xbcgung gestellten Forschungsschiff \xe2\x80\x9eOns Genoegen\xe2\x80\x9c, insgesamt 8 Wochen hydrographische, chemische und biologische Untersuchungen gemacht auf dem Wasser und auf dem Land.\nVon der Nehrungsinsel Rottumeroog bis Papenburg an der Ems wurden 352 Bodenproben und etwa 160 Wasserproben gesammelt. Weiter wurden viele hydrographische Messungen durchgef\xc3\xbchrt.

Description: Im Sommer der Jahren 1953, 1954 und 1956 wurden mit einem, durch das Ministerium f\xc3\xbcr Wasserbauverwaltung zur Verf\xc3\xbcgung gestellten Forschungsschiff insgesamt etwa 8 Wochen hydrographische, chemische und biologische Untersuchungen auf dem Land und im Wasser vorgenommen.\nUnter anderm wurden 352 Bodenproben gesammelt in der Ems bis Leer, in den Prielen und auf den Platen (siehe \xc3\x9cbersichtskarte hinten im Buch und Profile).

Description: Studying the kidneys of the Common Porpoise and the Fin Whale it was found that there is a second venal system next to the normal venal system. The arterial and venal system as found in the kidneys of the dog are present in the kidneys of the Common Porpoise without typical differences but there is also a venal system situated outside the renculi which conducts the blood from the venae arcutae to the vene cava. This system is found in the kidneys of the Common Seal but here it is replacing the system of the vena renalis which it does not do in the kidneys of the Common Porpoise.\nIn the kidneys of the Common Porpoise and the Fin Whale both the plexus which surround the pelvic cavity and the ureter are present and they show to be nearly similar to those described for the kidneys of the dog. Between the renculi it is found that the plexus mentioned are somewhat more developed than in the dog. The morphology of the plexus is also identical to that of the plexus in the dog, and it is supposed that their function will be also the same in the Common Porpoise and in the dog.