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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (4,197)
  • Life and Medical Sciences
  • 1965-1969  (5,116)
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  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 91-99 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A series of aldehydes of varying protein crosslinking strengths have been tested on intact and internally perfused crayfish axons. Non-crosslinking aldehydes have no effect, or cause a gradual decline in resting potential and overshoot with no widening of the spike. Strong crosslinking compounds, such as acrolein, crotonaldehyde, and glutaraldehyde, widen the action potential significantly while reducing its amplitude. Differences in the shapes of the resulting action potentials and accompanying impedance changes suggest that each crosslinking aldehyde exerts different effects on the axon. Glutaraldehyde, the strongest crosslinking agent tested, slows both rising and falling phases of the spike, and also of the impedance change, suggesting a prolongation of the transient increase in sodium conductance. The ability of protein crosslinking agents to alter excitability, and particularly to slow the various phases of the action potential, provides support for the hypothesis that a conformational change in a protein or protein-phospholipid complex is involved in excitation.
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  • 102
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Four clonal adrenal tumor cell lines which exhibit biochemical lesions in the ACTH-stimulated steroidogenic pathway have been isolated. Two of these cell lines, designated Y-6 and OS3, appear to contain their lesions at points proximal to cyclic AMP formation in the ACTH-stimulated steroidogenic pathway. Growth of Y-6 and OS3 as tumors in isogenic mice results in a restoration of ACTH sensitivity in both cell lines by mechanisms which do not appear to involve selection or fulfillment of specific nutritional requirements. Growth of Y-6 and OS3 as tumors in heterogenic mice results in restoration of ACTH sensitivity in Y-6 but not in OS3, suggesting that the biochemical lesions in these cell lines are at different loci. Two other cell lines, designated OS1 and OS4, possess biochemical lesions in the steroidogenic pathway beyond the formation of cyclic AMP and before the formation of pregnenolone. Growth of OS1 and OS4 as tumors in isogenic mice results in the repair of the biochemical lesions in these cells distal to cyclic AMP formation in the ACTH-stimulated steroidogenic pathway. The four cell lines described are potentially useful in elucidating the mechanism of action of ACTH in adrenal cells as well as in determining the factors required for maintaining differentiated function in cultured cells.
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  • 103
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 103-116 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Partially purified preparations of two protein factors, one of which is stable at 50°C (FIs) and the other unstable at 50°C (FIu), are required for the GTP-dependent, mRNA-directed binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to ribosomes, as well as for polypeptide synthesis in the presence of a third factor, FII. Both FIs and FIu are required for maximal interaction with GTP to form a GTP•protein complex that subsequently interacts with aminoacyl-tRNA, but not with deacylated tRNA or with N-(substituted)-aminoacyl-tRNA, to form an aminoacyl-tRNA•GTP•protein complex. A mixture of FIs and FIu also interacts with GDP to form a GDP•protein complex; however, no subsequent interaction with aminoacyl-tRNA is observed. In addition to aminoacyl-tRNA and GTP, Mg2+ and NH4+ are required for the formation of the aminoacyl-tRNA•GTP•protein complex. Although both protein factors, FIs and FIu, are required for the formation of this complex, only the heat-labile protein, FIu, is a component of the complex. Very little dissociation of the GTP moiety of the complex occurs in the presence of Mg2+, and no detectable exchange is observed with GTP, GDP, or Pi. In contrast, appreciable dissociation of the aminoacyl-tRNA from the GTP•protein occurs even in the presence of Mg2+, and exchange with other aminoacyl-tRNA's can be readily demonstrated. In the absence of Mg2+, complete dissociation of both the GTP and the aminoacyl-tRNA from the protein occurs. Evidence has been obtained to demonstrate that the aminoacyl-tRNA•GTP•protein complex is an intermediate in the GTP-dependent binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to ribosomes. The binding of the aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosome occurs with the concomitant formation of Pi and a GDP • protein complex. Incorporation of the bound aminoacyl-tRNA into polypeptide requires additional GTP and the third transfer factor, FII.
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  • 104
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: After the experimental verification of Crick's adaptor hypothesis for the role of tRNA, it became apparent that one of the most important of the protein-nucleic acid interactions occurs at the first step in protein synthesis, namely the amino acid activation reaction. It is here that a specific aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase must select, with high fidelity, a specific tRNA out of a large collection of molecules of similar size, shape, and overall composition. A mistake at this point, either by esterification of the wrong amino acid to the correct tRNA or by selection of the wrong tRNA, will inevitabley result in the insertion of an amino acid at an incorrect position in a growing polypeptide. Although there are known rules that dictate how one nucleic acid can recognize and interact with another nucleic acid, nothing is known regarding the mechanism by which a specific protein can recognize and interact with a specific nucleic acid. In order to gain some insight into the specific recognition between an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase and its cognate tRNA, it became necessary to study the specific interaction with highly purified materials, preferably in gram quantities. An effort to do this for both the synthetases and the tRNA's was launched at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory about 6 years ago. Four high-resolution column chromatographic procedures have been developed in the ORNL Macromolecular Separations Program for the separation and production of highly purified species of tRNA's. An unexpected “spin-off” from this program is the analytical use of some of these systems to detect qualitative changes in the tRNA profile of cells as a consequence of virus infection, methionine starvation, and other metabolic alterations.Some examples of the heterologous interaction between aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases of one species with the tRNA's of another species, and some of the inherent dangers in the interpretation of such interactions, are considered.Finally, some speculations are made regarding the possible role of tRNA in regulation.
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  • 105
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Several steps in the synthesis in vitro of infectious bacteriophage RNA can now be described. The reaction catalyzed by the Qβ RNA polymerase is known to involve several components, including the enzyme, host cell factors, Qβ RNA template, and the strand complementary to the Qβ RNA. The interaction of these components and the mechanims of the reaction appears to be considerably more complex than was proposed in earlier models.
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  • 106
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 253-255 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 107
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Synchronous cultures of HeLa cells obtained by selective detachment of mitoses were treated with high concentrations of thymidine. The inhibitor was added soon after completion of cell division and rates of cell enlargement and accumulation of DNA, RNA and protein were compared for untreated and thymidine-treated cultures at various points of the cell cycle. It was found that concentrations of thymidine which in randomly growing cultures inhibit the rate of cell division by more than 90% allowed a considerable degree of DNA synthesis and did not affect the rate of accumulation of RNA and protein, when applied to cells in the G1 phase of synchronous culture. Treated and untreated cells enlarged at the same rate throughout their life cycle. The results show that concentrations of thymidine commonly employed to produce cell synchrony do not arrest the cells at the G1-S boundary, but allow slow progress through S in respect to DNA synthesis, and near-normal progress towards G2 as regards RNA and protein accumulation and cell enlargement.
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  • 108
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 73 (1969) 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 109
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Survey of twelve mouse tissues revealed the presence of appreciable phenylalanine hydroxylase activity in the pancreas and kidney as well as the liver but in no other of the tissues tested. Single cell suspensions of mouse liver were prepared by use of tetraphenylboron. The enzyme activity of such suspensions was much more stable than that of liver extracts, and permitted determination of the Michaelis-Menten constant, the pseudo-first order reaction velocity constant on a cell-number basis, and the temperature coefficient and apparent activation energy of the enzyme activity. Possible applications of these methods to problems in cellular biology have been indicated.
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  • 110
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A method is described which maintains viable erythroid cells in tissue culture for periods from nine to twenty days. These cells appear predominantly as small round cells with scanty cytoplasm. They synthesize both heme and globin and are relatively more numerous free in suspension than in the adherent monolayer. Ferritin isomorph may serve as a convenient marker in tissue culture of cells of erythroid origin, suggesting that such cells may persist despite a completely transformed appearance and a loss of the ability to produce hemoglobin.
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  • 111
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 333-333 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 112
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Nuclei from mature neutrophil granulocytes were prepared from peritonal exudates of goats. Fluorescein mercuric acetate was required to stabilize the nuclei and fix nucleoproteins. Following differential centrifugation and detergent treatment, electron microscopy showed the interlobar region to be free of cytoplasmic tabs. All of the DNA of the cell was recovered in the nucleus and 71% of the RNA. The DNA : RNA was 6 : 1 in the intact cells, and 9 : 1 in the isolated nuclei. Protein:DNA was 11 : 1 and 4 : 1 for cells and nuclei, respectively. Representative fractions of histones and tryptophan-rich acidic proteins were prepared with (asp + glu) : (lys + arg + hist) values averaging 0.7 and 1.4 respectively. Histones accounted for 30% of the nuclear proteins while the residual proteins contained the bulk of the cystinyl residues. Granulocytes were characterized by high glycine titers, from 8 to 18% of the nuclear proteins, and 70% of the total free amino acids of the cell.
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  • 113
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: When exogenous ATP is added to suspensions of TA3 ascites tumor cells suspended in Ca++ and Mg++ free media, a significant increase in cell volume can be measured. This increase is reversible upon addition of Ca++ and/or Mg++ back to the media.The enlargement of these cells is temperature sensitive and specific for ATP; no other nucleotides, EDTA or ouabain were effective. The evidence suggest that this phenomena may be due to an alteration in membrane permeability and that the regulation of membrane permeability is an energy dependent process.
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  • 114
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Estradiol treatment of irradiated mice during repopulation of their spleens by endogenous hemopoietic cells reduced the number of myelocytic colonies and increased the numbers of erythropoietic and undifferentiated colonies. The inhibitory effects of the hormone on myelopoiesis were not dependent on stimulation of erythropoiesis, since they occurred in the absence of erythropoiesis in mice made polycythemic by hypertransfusion.Treatment of bone marrow donors with estradiol reduced the ability of their marrow cells to form spleen colonies, particularly reducing the proportion of myelopoietic colonies relative to the total number of colonies of all types. Conversely erythropoietic colonies, though reduced in absolute number, were increased in relative number. Such treatment also decreased the volume and cell content of the marrow cavity through stimulation of endosteal bone formation.Estradiol treatment of lethally irradiated recipient mice did not detectably alter the total numbers or types of hemopoietic spleen colonies formed in these animals from transplanted marrow cells; however, without estradiol treatment, myelopoietic colonies were so few and erythropoietic colonies so numerous that the effects of the hormones may have been undetectable by the methods employed.The sex of the donor or recipient mouse did not affect the numbers or types of colonies formed, suggesting that endogenous levels of estradiol were too low to exert effects dectectable by the methods used. However, since our mice were only 8 weeks old, the data do not exclude the possibility that older female mice, with higher levels of estradiol, would have differed from males in relative numbers of myelopoietic as compared with erythropoietic colonies.
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  • 115
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 73 (1969), S. 251-260 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Mature male rats were injected with radioiron, which labeled immature red cells that were in the stage of hemoglobin synthesis at the time. Washed cells were subjected to lysis by hypotonic saline at 14 intervals ranging from 1 to 85 hours after 59Fe injection. Lysis curves were determined colorimetrically (for the whole population) and by scintillation counting of 59Fe gamma rays (for the labeled population). Newly labeled rat red cells are much more resistant than mature erythrocytes. The mature curve of osmotic resistance is acquired about 67 hours after injection. The delivery of labeled cells continues for more than 36 hours, so the maturation of osmotic properties of a typical rat red cell takes about 30 hours from entry into the circulation. Washed dog cells behave in similar fashion but delivery continues for three days and the mature lysis curve does not appear until five days after labeling, so that maturation takes about two days. Preincubation of cells is requisite for the appearance of osmotic resistance, but the basis of the incubation effect is not yet known.
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  • 116
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 73 (1969), S. 261-266 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Randomly growing cultures of HeLa-S3 cells were subjected to synchronizing treatment with excess thymidine. Unbalanced growth occurred during the thymidine treatment, but the abnormal cellular composition was found to revert to control levels so that at the time of the first mitosis following a 12-24 hour treatment with the inhibitor the cellular DNA, RNA and protein content and cell size were close to control values. However, an alkaline deoxyribonuclease which attacks denatured DNA was still found to be significantly elevated at this time. The results argue against the use of thymidine as a synchrony producing agent.
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  • 117
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 73 (1969), S. 171-177 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The rate of attachment to the substratum was found to be a strain specific character of certain large free-living amoebae. Two strains, which differed significantly in this respect, were compared with regard to the rate of attachment of enucleated cytoplasm, nuclear-cytoplasmic hybrids and amoebae injected with cytoplasm from another strain. It was found that both the nucleus and the cytoplasm of the more rapidly attaching strain were able to transmit this character to amoebae of the more slowly attaching strain. The possible mechanisms underlying attachment and transmission of the rate of attachment are discussed.
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  • 118
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The transition of suspension cultures of Novikoff rat hepatoma cells from the exponential to the stationary phase is accompanied by decreases of over 90% in the rates of synthesis of RNA, DNA and protein, a 90% loss of the apparent DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity of the cells, and a disaggregation of the polyribosomes with a concomitant accumulation of 80 S and 110 S ribosomal structures. The cells also attain a minimum content of DNA, RNA and protein and a minimum size. Upon dilution of stationary phase cultures with fresh medium, the rate of protein synthesis begins to increase immediately and this correlates with a rapid reformation of the polyribosomes. The initial re-formation of polyribosomes is little affected by the presence of actinomycin D. RNA polymerase activity also begins to increase immediately after dilution and an increase in rate of RNA synthesis becomes apparent shortly thereafter. The increase in polymerase activity is inhibited by treating the cells with puromycin or actidione. Cell division commences only 9-13 hours after dilution and the rate of DNA synthesis begins to increase about midway through the lag period. During the lag period the average cellular content of protein increases about 80% and that of RNA and DNA about 30%. These increases are accompanied by a marked increase in the average size of the cells.Upon continued incubation of stationary phase cultures, the cells become irreversibly damaged physiologically before gross morphological damage becomes apparent. The irreversible physiological damage is recognized by the fact that the cells fail to recover when suspended in fresh medium.
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  • 119
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 31-36 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Spleen or lymph node cells of C57BL/6 origin or both were mixed with subcellular material from Balb/c tissue for several hours at 37°C. The subcellular material was then washed out (by repeated centrifugation) with PBS and the immune cells were placed either in diffusion chambers in the peritoneal cavity of Swiss mice or in Petri dishes with C57BL/6 embryo cell monolayer (feeder layer) and incubated in a thermostat at an atmosphere of 5% CO2. After 4 to 5 days these cells were added to target Balb/c embryo cells in Petri dishes. The first control was done by sensitiziing the cells with syngeneic material, the second control by adding the immune cells to syngeneic target embryo cells. The sensitized cells mixed with allogeneic embryo cells produced a positive reaction in the form of agglutination around the target cells and destruction of these cells. In controls the immune cells were seldom found and were randomly distributed.
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  • 120
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    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 17-29 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The respective importance of mitochondria and of sarcoplasmic reticulum in the uptake and maintenance of Ca++ by the isolated rat diaphragm has been compared. Diaphragms were incubated at 30° in conditions optimal for Ca++ uptake either by isolated mitochondria or by sarcoplasmic reticulum: more Ca++ was taken up from the “mitochondrial” medium. For maximal uptake, Pi and Mg++ were necessary; substitution of NaCl and KC1 with sucrose had no effect on the uptake. The uptake was markedly inhibited by uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation, by respiratory inhibitors, and by lowering the temperature of the incubation medium to 0°; it was not affected by oligomycin, aurovertin, DCCD, nor by inhibitors of Ca++ transport in the isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum (ergotamine, ergobasinine, caffeine). The lack of effect of caffeine was not due to lack of penetration into the muscle. Permeability barriers for ergotamine and ergobasinine could not be excluded. The maintenance of Ca++ by the diaphragm was optimal in a medium contaming Pi and Mg++. Uncoupling agents and respiratory inhibitors accelerated the rate and extent of release of Ca++ by the diaphragm. Lowering the temperature of the incubation medium to 0°, or addition of oligomycin, aurovertin, DCCD, had no effect on the release. The release of Ca++ was also unaffected by ergotamine, ergobasinine, caffeine. The results suggest a role for mitochondria in the uptake and maintenance of Ca++ by the isolated diaphragm.
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  • 121
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    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 157-159 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 122
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    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 161-161 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 123
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: L cells were cultivated in test medium which contained 14C-sodium acetate, and the amount of labeled digitonin-precipitable sterol was assayed in medium and cells. Increasing concentrations of whole serum in the medium had two effects: depressed cellular synthesis and enhanced release of synthesized sterol from the cells. In experiments with delipidized serum containing unesterified cholesterol, cellular sterol synthesis decreased as free cholesterol concentration in the medium increased. In other experiments using medium containing increasing lecithin concentration and no exogenous sterol, the concentration of lecithin markedly influenced the distribution of synthesized sterol between the cells and the medium which then directly influenced the amount of sterol synthesized. These experiments indicate that cell sterol synthesis is regulated by internal levels of free sterol. This, in turn, is a function of cellular sterol flux which is regulated by the concentration and composition of serum lipoprotein in the medium.
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  • 124
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: RNA in the peripheries of various populations of lymph node cells (LNC) has been evaluated by measuring the electrophoretic mobilities of cells, before and after treatment with active or inactivated ribonucleases. Three different populations of LNC were studied: (1) “resting” normal age control LNC; (2) “syngeneic” LNC from irradiated (C3H × C57BL)F1 or C3H mice four to six days following transplantation of syngeneic spleen cells; such cells were progeny of lymphopoietic progenitor cells of the spleen; and (3) “allogeneic” LNC from irradiated (C3H × C57BL)F1 mice four to six days after grafting C3H (parental) spleen cells; such cells were progeny of lymphopoietic progenitor cells, but also alloantigen-sensitive cells of the spleen which proliferate in response to the host's alloantigens (a “graft-versus-host” immunological reaction). Whereas the normal LNC had no detectable peripheral RNA, the allogeneic and syngeneic LNC did, i.e., ribonuclease reduced their mean electrophoretic mobilities by 13.6 and 9.2 per cent, respectively. Since both allogeneic and syngeneic LNC had peripheral RNA, no specific correlation could be made with immunological activity. 3H-uridine and 14C-thymidine incorporation into lymph nodes was greatest in allogeneic, intermediate in syngeneic and least in age control lymph nodes, indicating a “population shift” in the spleen cell chimeras toward relatively immature, rapidly proliferating cells, which had a relatively high rate of RNA synthesis. Thus, rapidly proliferating lymphoid cells do have RNA in their peripheries, but its relation to specific immunological function has yet to be ascertained.
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  • 125
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    Journal of Cellular Physiology 73 (1969), S. 61-68 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In cultures of differentiating chicken embryo muscle cells there is a steep decline in DNA polymerase activity which closely parallels the time of rapid cell fusion and the formation of multinucleated myotubes. The DNA polymerase activity remaining in the cultures is almost completely associated with single unfused cells. Cell fusion does not require a confluent culture and fusion capability appears to be severely reduced in the remaining single cells following an approximately ten hour time period during which the majority of fusion takes place. A model is presented to explain the observed kinetics of cell growth and cell fusion in vitro.
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  • 126
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    Journal of Cellular Physiology 73 (1969) 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 127
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The increased multiplication of converted chicken cells in the presence of limited amounts of serum results from more efficient utilization of multiplication-stimulating activity rather than increased binding or uptake of this activity.
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  • 128
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The conformation of native double helical DNA is well-known, but it is possible that small regions occur within native DNA, undetectable by X-ray diffraction methods, which have different conformations. Model structures are the synthetic deoxypolynucleotides of defined sequence. Under the conditions used, DNA, poly d(A-T) • poly d(A-T), and poly d(T-G) • poly d(C-A) can all give similar X-ray diffraction patterns, whereas poly dA • poly dT, poly dI • poly dC, poly dG • poly dC, and poly d(T-C) • poly d(G-A) clearly differ from DNA. This led to the tentative hypothesis that those DNA's in which all purines are in one strand and all pyrimidines in the other differ in structure from those (such as native DNA) in which purines and pyrimidines alternate or are irregular. We now find that poly d(I-C) • poly d(I-C) does not fit the hypothesis and is a most unusual structure, having seven or eight base pairs per turn. Both molecular model building and circular dichroism studies suggest that it is a left-handed helix. A number of purified tRNA's have been crystallized. We have obtained, from unfractionated tRNA, crystalline “powder” X-ray diffraction patterns showing rings and spots to about 20 Å resolution. It is not clear whether cocrystallization has occurred, or whether there is fractional crystallization, though preliminary evidence favors the latter. Determination of the structure of crystalline tRNA has many features in common with protein crystallography, but there are a number of distinct differences.
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    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 117-119 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Journal of Cellular Physiology 73 (1969) 
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  • 131
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    Journal of Cellular Physiology 73 (1969), S. 49-60 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Large numbers of thin-walled vesicles, 0.5 to 10 μ in diameter, can be formed by permitting a thinly spread layer of hydrated phospholipids to swell slowly in distilled water or an aqueous solution of nonelectrolytes. Electron micrographs and phospholipid analyses indicate that the walls consist of a single or a few bilayers. The vesicles can be centrifuged and resuspended in another medium, making them a useful system for studying permeability. The osmolarity of the solution in the interior of the vesicles can be estimated by immersion refractometry. The osmolarity of the internal aqueous phase is linearly related to the osmolarity of the external medium.
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  • 132
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    Journal of Cellular Physiology 73 (1969), S. 43-47 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: It has been shown that a dialyzable substance produced by normal and tumor cells can stimulate the growth of a myeloid, erythroid, and two lymphoid leukemias, and a sarcoma. The growth stimulation of the tumor cells was observed as an increase in cloning efficiency and number of cells per colony. Rat granulocytes stimulated the growth of mouse tumor cells as efficiently as a variety of mouse cells. The stimulating substance was found in conditioned medium, and it was produced by all the normal and tumor cells tested.
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  • 133
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    Journal of Cellular Physiology 73 (1969), S. 85-90 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The rate of DNA synthesis in HeLa S3 cells, as measured by incorporation of C14-labeled thymidine, is strongly dependent on protein synthesis at all times during the S phase. The relation between the rate of DNA synthesis and the rate of protein synthesis is linear when measured two or three hours after reducing the rate of protein synthesis with either puromycin or cycloheximide. The effect is manifested rapidly, is found in both random and synchronized cultures, and is independent of the method of synchronization.
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  • 134
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    Journal of Cellular Physiology 73 (1969), S. 69-80 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Water exchange has been studied in ovarian and body cavity eggs of three Anuran species (Rana esculenta, R. pipiens and R. temporaria) with the isotope exchange method using the automatically recording diver balance. In order to estimate the rate of water diffusion in egg cytoplasm (D), a factor required to determine the rate of water permeation (= the exchange coefficient, E), three different chemical treatments (digitonin, ethanol and formaldehyde) have been used to remove the surface barrier to water flow. The obtained mean value of D, 5 × 10-6 cm2 sec-1, has been accepted as a close approximation of water diffusion in the egg cytoplasm. This value has been used to determine the exchange coefficients in the egg types of the above mentioned species. Comparisons have been made between the calculated values of E both within and between species, and some suggestions have been made concerning the influence of microvilli on the rate of water exchange. Although, on the average, water exchange proceeds at a greater rate in ovarian than in body cavity eggs, a measurable diffusion barrier at the surface can be demonstrated.
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  • 135
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    Notes: Six diploid human fibroblast strains were grown in confluent monolayers. Holes were scraped in these monolayers and the number of cells proliferating into these “wounds” with time were determined. The migration and mitotic aspects of the proliferation of fibroblasts into these wounds were analyzed separately.Small amounts of undialysed or dialysed serum were essential for cell division but not migration. Saline extracts of skin could not substitute for serum in the medium. Neither zinc nor cupric ion at tolerable concentrations (10-5M) increased the rate of cell proliferation.Normal human fibroblasts did not immediately start to divide from confluency into the “wound” space. Their generation time was about 32-39 hours. Fibroblasts from patients with cystic fibrosis began to divide almost immediately into the “wounded” area. Their generation time was about 48 to 56 hours.
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  • 136
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    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 283-294 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Ribosomal RNA synthesis was selectively inhibited in HeLa cells by lucanthone, a clinically useful schistosomicide which shares many of the properties of Actinomycin D. Synthesis of DNA-like RNA continued during complete inhibition of ribosomal RNA synthesis. Under these conditions newly synthesized DNA-like RNA accumulated normally in polyribosomes of the cell cytoplasm; most of it appeared to be messenger RNA. DNA synthesis was partially inhibited by lucanthone but protein synthesis was undisturbed. Synthesis of ribosomal RNA promptly resumed after removal of lucanthone and cell survival was not affected if exposures to the drug were limited to two hours.
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  • 137
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    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969) 
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  • 138
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  • 139
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    Notes: Infection of Escherichia coli: with T4 bacteriophage causes the appearance of a new valyl-tRNA synthetase activity associated with a molecule that, compared to the host enzyme, exhibits a greater resistance to denaturation by heat or urea, a larger molecular volume, a higher rate of sedimentation in sucrose gradients, a greater net positive charge, and a greater ability to charge yeast tRNA. No evidence has been found for similar changes in synthetase activity for the other amino acids. Appearance of the new activity requires continued protein synthesis and results from a modification of the preexisting host enzyme rather than de novo synthesis of a totally new enzyme. By 20 minutes after infection at 30°C, all of the host enzyme has been converted into the new form. Phage mutants have been isolated that fail to effect a normal conversion. The properties of these mutants suggest that conversion involves the addition, to the host enzyme, of a protein specified by the phage genome. Drastic reduction of phage-induced activity in one of these mutants does not interfere detectably with phage development in a normal host, suggesting that the presence of the new activity is not essential for normal phage production.
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  • 140
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    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 77-90 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Crayfish giant axons remain viable following internal perfusion with a mixture of fluoride and citrate salts. The relative favorability of various internal anions, and the dependence of resting and action potentials on internal cations are both similar to results on internally perfused squid axons. TEA widens the falling phase of the spike only from inside the axon, while DDT is active from either side of the membrane. Records of impedance changes show that effects of TEA and DDT on components of ionic conductances are similar to those found in other axons by voltage clamp measurements.Tannic acid perfused internally at a concentration of the order of 10 μM produces spontaneous activity, and a progressive increase in spike width. After 30 minutes, action potentials are “cardiac” type and are up to several minutes in duration. Records of impedance changes, and data from rapid changes in external ionic concentrations, suggest that the plateau phase of the spike is due to a maintained increase in sodium conductance. Since tannic acid is capable of crosslinking proteins and “rigidifying” protein monolayers, it is suggested that its effects on the axon may be the result of an interference with a conformational change in a membrane protein or protein-phospholipid complex during excitation.
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  • 141
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    Notes: A Qβ RNA segment was produced in vitro by means of a synchronized minus-strand-directed synthesis using purified Qβ replicase, a reaction known to yield infectious Qβ RNA. Arguments are presented that a 5.5S product obtained by incubation for 30 seconds at 20°C corresponds to the 5′-terminal region of Qβ RNA. After obtaining and sequencing 26 T1 and 21 pancreatic RNase products, we established 3′ nearest neighbors by using products labeled with only one nucleoside [α-32P]triphosphate at a time. The ordering of the oligonucleotides was facilitated by observing the time of their appearance in products from incubations of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 seconds. The enzymatic product consists of 160 nucleotides; no known initiation triplet appears before the sixtieth nucleotide. There is no indication that the coat protein cistron starts within the RNA segment analyzed.
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  • 142
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    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 223-224 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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  • 143
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    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 205-218 
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: DNA-dependent RNA polymerase reacts with a nucleic acid to form a binary complex, which can be isolated by density gradient centrifugation or by millipore filtration techniques. Studies of the complex of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase and phage lambda DNA show that temperature and ribonucloside triphosphates do not affect the extent of binding. The binary complex is very sensitive to ionic strength. Enzyme bound in the complex exchanges with free enzyme. In the presence of Mg2+, the lambda DNA becomes saturated with enzyme when 2.5 μg have been bound per microgram of DNA. Transfer RNA and synthetic polyribonucleotides also react with the enzyme at 0°C. In the presence of divalent cation at low ionic strength, the main complex of the enzyme and a polyribonucleotide has a sedimentation value of 15S. In the absence of divalent cation, or at higher ionic strength, the value is 13S. Polyuridylate and polycytidylate have a greater affinity for the enzyme than polyadenylate or transfer RNA. An interesting question regarding the specificity of interaction of RNA polymerase with native DNA is whether any of the RNA chains made have the sequence AUG, the principal N-formylmethionine codon, at the 5′ termini. Studies with T7 DNA show that, under conditions of high ionic strength, 24% of the RNA chains start August.
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  • 145
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    Notes: The system previously described for inducing single gene mutations in Chinese hamster cells has been extended to produce additional auxotrophic mutants. An improved method for quantitating the efficiency of single gene mutation to specific auxotrophies has been developed. Mutagenesis in the forward direction has been measured after treatment of these cells with ethyl methanesulfonate, N-methyl-N1-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, hydroxylamine, an acridine mustard (ICR-191), caffeine and ultraviolet- and X-irradiation. For each agent, the single cell survival curve and the efficiency of chromatid breakage and rearrangement were measured. Similar measurements were also carried out with a water-soluble carcinogen N-nitrosomethylurea, which was shown to be effective in producing auxotrophic, somatic mutations. These results offer promise of illuminating the relationships between cell killing, chromosomal aberration, single gene mutations and carcinogenesis produced by various agents. The methods described can be used in routine testing of drugs, food additives, and environmental pollutants for mutagenic action in mammalian cells in vitro.
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  • 146
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    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 259-271 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The pattern of photodynamic damage of pig erythrocyte and rat brain microsomal ATPases and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterases has been studied, using rose bengal as photosensitizer. Of these enzymes the Na+-K+-Mg2+-ATPase, believed to be associated with active transport, is very much more sensitive to damage than are the Mg2+-ATPase and the erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase. Earlier photoxidative studies of the haemolysis of erythrocytes have shown that ion movements occur in two phases which are dependent on the duration of exposure to light and it is suggested that these are correlated with the differential sensitivity of these membrane enzymes.The ATPases of the brain microsomal preparation were more sensitive to photodynamic damage during preincubation at 0°C, i.e. in the absence of substrate. Raising the preincubation temperature to 37°C protected both enzymes, the inactivation of the Na+-K+-Mg2+-ATPase being markedly reduced. The presence of substrate during pre-incubation at 0°C also protects both enzymes, especially the Mg2+-ATPase. These interacting effects of temperature and substrate are compared with the known different temperature sensitivities of these two enzymes.
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  • 147
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    Notes: The growth enhancing effect of media conditioned by cells from established lines (BHK and L60) is comparable to that of media conditioned by cells of primary origin (chick embryo). However, the properties of the conditioned media from these two systems show marked differences: the growth enhancing factors in the former are dialyzable and heat-stable, in contrast to the non-dialyzable and heat-labile factors in the latter.Media conditioned for only four hours by BHK or L60 cells stimulated cell growth. Amino acid analyses revealed that non-essential amino acids had appeared in these conditioned media.To verify this as the metabolic basis of conditioning by cells from established lines, media containing dialyzed serum were supplemented with each of six non-essential amino acids, and assayed on BHK and L60 at various population densities. Serine was the most stimulatory and alanine the most inhibitory of the amino acids tested.Mixed supplementation of the medium showed that when low levels of alanine and serine were added simultaneously, cell growth was enhanced but any increase in the level of alanine required an increase in the level of serine also to achieve growth stimulation.
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  • 148
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    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 307-314 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The effect of cell crowding on DNA synthesis (incorporation of 3HTdR and 32PO4) was studied by an improved method in monolayers of secondary cells and established cell lines, either normal or transformed by viruses or carcinogens. The method was based mainly on pulse labeling of cultures of cells a few hours after their seeding in equal numbers onto areas of different size in identical dishes, a condition which ensured equal physiological conditions and different degrees of crowding of cells.DNA synthesis was hardly inhibited in crowded monolayers of secondary chick, mouse and hamster embryo cells. The incorporation of radioactive thymidine and phosphate into DNA of cell lines such as BHK 21, 3T3/SV40 and L929 was strongly inhibited. An SV40-transformed line of hamster kidney cells (HKT7) synthetized DNA equally well in sparse as in crowded monolayers. In lines of human amnion (FL) and BHK 21 cells which were more extensively studied the degree of inhibition of DNA synthesis was inversely proportional to their density.Autoradiography after 3HTdR pulse-labeling indicated that the same proportion of cell nuclei were labeled in sparse and in crowded cultures. The extent of labeling (number of grains per nucleus) was lower in crowded cultures of those cells that also showed inhibition of incorporation of this label as measured by scintillation. The inhibition is thus expressed in retardation of DNA synthesis in cells in S phase rather than arresting it in a larger percentage of cells.
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  • 149
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    Notes: The apparently inconsistent reports on flagellar ATPase properties may be resolved by elimination of adenylate kinase from the system. Removal of the adenylate kinase from alkaline M/2 KCl extracts of bull sperm flagella yields a spermosin-ATPase which liberates only the terminal phosphate of ATP. In any case spermosin is preferentially activated by calcium. However, combination of spermosin with flactin (e.g., by addition of digitonin and MgCl2 to the extraction medium) produces an ATPase much more highly activated by magnesium. But flactospermosin has so far resisted purification from its adenylate kinase contaminant. In divalent cation activation, pH optima and nature of ATP hydrolysis, the flagellar contractile protein system closely parallels the muscle system.
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  • 150
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    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. vii 
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  • 151
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    Notes: T4 bacteriophage infection of E. coli B cells induces the formation of 4S RNA molecules that specifically hybridize with T4 DNA. The T4 4S RNA extracted from the hybrid was found to contain pseudouridylic acid, suggesting that some of this RNA might have amino acid acceptor function. In order to study the amino acid acceptor capacity of the T4 4S RNA, two procedures were devised. The first one involved the isolation and purification of specific 4S RNA-DNA hybrids in a manner that avoided the use of RNase and permitted the extraction of biologically active tRNA from the hybrid. It was found that a significant fraction of the T4 4S RNA isolated by this method had amino acid acceptor activity. This was shown by assaying with a mixture of 15 14C-labeled amino acids or with [14C]leucine alone.In the second method, T4 N-acetyl[3H]aminoacyl-tRNA was prepared in order to stabilize the aminoacyl-tRNA ester bond. T4 N-acetyl[3H]leucyl-tRNA was incubated with T4 DNA in the presence of 50% formamide at 30°C. Sephadex G-200 chromatography revealed that a significant fraction of the N-acetyl[3H]leucyl-tRNA hybridized with the T4 DNA. Another procedure involved the hybridization of N-acetyl[3H]-aminoacyl-tRNA with T4 DNA at 70°C in a citrate buffer in the absence of formamide. The annealing mixture also contained a 20-fold excess of uncharged E. coli tRNA. The hybrid-containing solution was loaded onto nitrocellulose filters and treated with T1 RNase. At this point, the T4 tRNA was found to contain leucine-, arginine-, isoleucine-, and possibly tyrosine-specific chains.
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  • 152
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    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 149-153 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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  • 153
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    Journal of Cellular Physiology 73 (1969), S. 25-30 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The concentration of neutrophils and megakaryocytes was determined in the marrow of anemic mice of genotype W/Wv and their normal (+/+) litter mates. In all groups studied, the humerus of W/Wv mice contained significantly less neutrophils and megakaryocytes than did normal animals. Blood neutrophil concentration was less in all groups of W/Wv mice but in only one group which was the youngest group studied, did this value differ significantly from normal.The blood and marrow neutrophil response to endotoxin was similar in W/Wv and “+/+” animals. This suggests that the neutrophilic system of W/Wv mice responds to this stimulus in a relatively normal manner, much as their erythroid system responds to hypoxia, and androgens.
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  • 154
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    Journal of Cellular Physiology 73 (1969), S. 31-36 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The net negativity of the surfaces of Ehrlich ascites cells was reduced by treating them with either neuraminidase or ribonuclease. Neither enzyme treatment affected the Na+ or K+ content of the cells, before or after cooling at 4°C. Experiments with K42 revealed a reduction (9.5 to 17%) in unidirectional K+-fluxes following incubation with neuraminidase, but no change after ribonuclease-treatment. Our data suggest that surface anionic sites associated with RNA and sialic acid moieties are not of major quantitative importance in regulating either intracellular Na+ and K+ concentrations, or unidirectional transmembrane K+-flux. Our results do not enable us to determine whether ion-binding to anionic sites at the electro-kinetic surface is not an essential prerequisite to transmembrane movement, or whether it is essential, but occurs through the 40% of cell surface net negativity which is unaffected by ribonuclease- and neuraminidase-treatment.
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  • 155
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    Notes: During embryonic tooth formation, interactions between epithelial and mesenchymal cells results in the formation of a metachromatic interface or extracellular matrix. The cervical or germinative region of this epidermal organ system is populated by an increasing gradient of cellular differentiation and an extracellular matrix which is the progenitor for subsequent dentine organic matrix formation. Embryonic rabbit tooth primordia can be maintained in culture enabling kinetic studies of labeled precursor incorporation. Autoradiographs of tooth organ cultures continusly incubated with labeled uridine for periods up to eight hours, demonstrated initial cellular incorporation with subsequent transfer of 2% of the grain density to the extracellular matrix by four hours. The grain density was removed by ribonuclease treatment. No incorporation of tritiated thymidine into the matrix was observed. The incorporation of C14-uridine during organ culture was inhibited by actinomycin D. Micrurgy was employed to isolate the extracellular matrix free of adherent cells. Electron microscopy demonstrated membrane-bound, electron dense bodies within the matrix, presumably cytoplasmic extensions. No cells per se were observed on the isolated matrix. Several experimental criteria suggested that uridine incorporation into the extracellular matrix was regulated by epithelial and mesenchymal cells. Phenol extraction procedures of labeled cervical matrices demonstrated an ultraviolet absorption maximum at 260 μU. Both spectrophotometric determinations and orcinol assays found RNA to be 0.4-0.5% of the cervical extracellular matrix.These results are interpreted to indicate that RNA is a component of the metachromatic extracellular matrix during epithelio-mensenchymal interactions associated with tooth formation. The functional significance of these observations is premature at this time.
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  • 156
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    Notes: Uridine kinase activity measured in cell-free extracts of Novikoff rat hepatoma cells grown in suspension culture fluctuates about 10 fold during the growth cycle of the cells. Maximum specific activity (units/106 cells) is observed early in the exponential phase and then decreases progressively until the stationary phase. The rate of incorporation of uridine into the acid-soluble pool by intact cells fluctuates in a similar manner and both the rate of uridine incorporation by intact cells and the uridine kinase actvity of the cells increase several fold before cell division commences following dilution of stationary phase cultures with freshmedium. Regardless of the stage of growth, uridine is rapidly phosphorylated to the triphosphate level by the cells.The rates of incorporation of uridine into the nucleotide pool and into RNA by intact cells fluctuate in a similar manner during the growth cycle. However, evidence is presented that indicates that alterations in the rate of incorporation of uridine into RNA are not simply due to changes in the rate of phosphorylation of uridine, but are regulated independently.Inhibition of protein synthesis by treating cells with puromycin or actidione causes a marked inhibition of incorporation of uridine into RNA, but has little effect on the phosphorylation of uridine to UTP for several hours. Thus the depression of incorporation of uridine into RNA probably reflects a decrease in the rate of RNA synthesis as a result of inhibition of protein synthesis. Inhibition of RNA synthesis by treating cells with actinomycin D does not affect the rate of conversion of uridine to UTP and thus results in the accumulation of labeled UTP in treated cells.
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Inhibition of cellular respiration by treatment with the nonionic detergent Triton WR-1339 was found to be related to the cytotoxic response of cell to the surfactant. Respiration of sensitive cell lines (AV-3 and HeLa) markedly inhibited by Triton concentrations as low as 125 μgm/ml. Conditionally sensitive lines (BHK-21 and L-929) were affected by 500 μgm/ml while the respiration of insensitive cultures (primary rat and chick embryo cells) was unaffected by this concentration. Macrocyclon, a cyclic analogue of Triton, failed to alter the respiration rate of any of the above cell cultures.The levels of isocitric and succinic dehydrogenases in sensitive and conditionally sensitive cells were depressed within 2 hours after treatment with 500 μgm/ml of Triton was initiated and by 6 hours the activity was only 25% of the untreated controls. Similar results were obtained with mitochondrial preparations from these cells. Enzyme levels in insensitive cells were unaffected by Triton treatment.Mitochondrial damage was the most striking characteristic noted in treated cells examined by electron microscopy. The mitochondria were quite distorted and had lost most of their cristae formation. This mitochondrial damage was seen in all cell types examined although the rate at which it occurred varied. With sensitive cultures, damage was pronounced within 6 hours after the addition of Triton while mitochondria from conditionally sensitive cells were not grossly affected until 48 hours and they appeared to repair the damage following the removal of Triton.
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  • 158
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 365 (1969), S. 79-90 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The 1,1-complex of the p-phenylenediamine-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetate ion with cobalt(II) ist more stable than the 1,1-complex of the same ligand with nickel(II). The 1,1-complexe of the p- as well as the m-phenylenediamine-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetate ions with some 3d-metal ions are more stable than is to be anticipated in respect of the basicity of the ligand ions. The degree of the stabilisation depends on the structure of the ligand ions and the number of d-electrons in the metal ion. The bonding conditions in these complex ions are considered as the reasons of this anomalous behaviour.
    Notes: Der 1,1-Komplex des p-Phenylendiamin-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetat-Ions mit Kobalt(II) ist stabiler als derjenige des gleichen Ligandions mit Nickel(II). Sowohl die 1,1-Komplexe der p- als auch die der m-Phenylendiamin-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetationen mit einigen 3d-Metallionen sind stabiler, als nach den Basizitäten der Ligandanionen zu erwarten ist. Durch Vergleiche mit geeigneten Ligandsystemen wird versucht, die Stabilisierung quantitativ zu bestimmen. Als Ursachen des anomalen Verhaltens werden die Bindungsverhältnisse angesehen. Der Grad der Stabilisierung ist abhängig vom Ligand und von der Zahl der d-Elektronen der Metallionen.
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  • 159
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The preparation of cationic carbonyl-ammine-rhenium(+I) complexes[Re(CO)6-n(NH3)n]X (n = 1,2,3; X = Cl, SCN) from Re(CO)5Cl in the ammono system is described. Whereas [Re(CO)6]Cl · HCl in liquid NH3 at 60°C is reduced to HRe(CO)5 under simultaneous formation of CO(NH2)2 and NH4Cl, the reaction of the hexacarbonyl compound at 120°C gives the tricarbonyl complex [Re(CO)3(NH3)3]Cl. An explanation of this result is that both HRe(CO)5 and Re2(CO)10 are oxidised by the ammono acid NH4Cl at 120°C to [Re(CO)3(NH3)3]Cl under elimination of H2.The IR spectra of the new compounds are discussed.
    Notes: Die Darstellung der kationischen Kohlenoxid-ammin-rhenium(+I)-Komplexe der Zusammensetzung [Re(CO)6-n(NH3)n]X (n = 1,2,3; X = Cl, SCN) aus Re(CO)5Cl im Ammono-system unter verschiedenen Reaktionsbedingungen wird beschrieben.Während [Re(CO)6]Cl · HCl in flüssigem NH3 bei 60°C unter gleichzeitiger Bildung von CO(NH2)2 und NH4Cl zu HRe(CO)5 reduziert wird, führt die Umsetzung der Hexacarbonyl-verbindung bei 120°C zum Tricarbonylkomplex [Re(CO)3(NH3)3]Cl.Dieses Ergebnis läßt sich dadurch erklären, daß sowohl HRe(CO)5 als auch Re2(CO)10 durch die Ammonosäure NH4Cl unter Eliminierung von H2 bei 120°C zu [Re(CO)3(NH3)3]Cl oxydiert werden.Die IR-Spektren der neu erhaltenen Verbindungen werden diskutiert.
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  • 160
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 365 (1969), S. 152-156 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Active hydrogen on the surface of solids was determined from the weight increase on exchange by deuterium using a vacuum microbalance. SiO2 and oxidized diamond and SiC were studied.
    Notes: Der aktive Wasserstoff an Festkörperoberflächen wurde mit Hilfe einer Vakuum-Mikrowaage aus der Gewichtsdifferenz beim Austausch gegen Deuterium bestimmt. SiO2 und mit Oberflächenoxiden belegter Diamant und SiC wurden untersucht.
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  • 161
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 364 (1969), S. 1-19 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Complexes of some alkylsubstituted pyridine N-oxides of metals of the first transition series were prepared and characterized by means of electronic and infrared spectra. They contain the cations [VO(N-oxide)4]2+, [M(N-oxide)6]n+ (M = CrIII, FeIII MnII, CoII, NiII) and [Cu(N-oxide)4]2+ (square planar).In the case of cobalt(II) and nickel(II) complexes ligand field parameters are evaluated from electronic spectra. Nitrogen-oxygen and metal-oxygen stretching vibrations are assigned.
    Notes: Komplexe einiger alkylsubstituierter Pyridin-N-oxide von Metallen der 1. Übergangsperiode wurden dargestellt und mittels Elektronen- und Infrarotspektren charakterisiert. Sie enthalten die Kationen [VO(N-oxid)4]2+, [M(N-oxide)6]n+ (M = CrIII, FeIII MnII, CoII, NiII) und [Cu(N-oxid)4]2+ (quadratisch eben).Im Falle der Kobalt(II)- und Nickel(II)-Komplexe werden Ligandenfeldparameter aus den Elektronenspektren abgeleitet. Stickstoff - Sauerstoff- und Metall - Sauerstoff-Valenzschwingungen werden zugeordnet.
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  • 162
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 364 (1969), S. 100-106 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On interaction of GaIII chloride and bromide with methanol, ethanol and n-propanol no solvolysis takes place, but  -  as shown by establishing the phase diagrams - 1:1-coordination compounds are formed. These are stable up to 120°C and show a good electrical conductivity in the molten state; their structure has to be discussed to be ionic.
    Notes: Gallium(III)-chlorid- und -bromid werden von Methanol, Äthanol und n-Propanol solvolytisch nicht angegriffen, Systemuntersuchungen durch Aufnahme der Schmelzdiagramme ergaben vielmehr die Bildung von Koordinationsverbindungen im Verhältnis 1:1. Diese sind bis etwa 120°C thermisch stabil und weisen im geschmolzenen Zustand eine gute elektrische Leitfähigkeit auf; Strukturvorstellungen werden damit in Hinblick auf einen ionischen Aufbau diskutiert.
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  • 163
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 364 (1969) 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 164
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 364 (1969), S. 192-208 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: If reacted with the chlorides of PdII, PtII, and PtIV, trifluorphosphine behaves as a reducing agent and a ligand. These chlorides react under PF3 pressure to yield quantitatively the tetrakis(trifluorphosphine) complexes of the zerovalent metals, M(PF3)4, which are colourless, extremely volatile liquids (dec. 130° (Pt), -20° (Pd) respectively). Their tetrahedral structure is deduced from their IR spectra as well as from 19F and 31P NMR spectra. These metal(0) complexes give already under mild conditions with phosphorus donors colourless crystalline substitution products M(PF3)4-n(PR3)n (R — C6H5: n = 1 and 2; R — OC6H5: n = 4). Under CO pressure the PF3 groups of these derivatives may be exchanged partially to completely by carbonmonoxide.
    Notes: Gegenüber den Chloriden von Pd(II), Pt(II) und Pt(IV) fungiert Trifluorphosphin als Reduktionsmittel und Komplexligand. PF3-Druckumsetzungen dieser Chloride liefern mit quantitativer Ausbeute die Tetrakis(trifluorphosphin)-Komplexe der nullwertigen Metalle, M(PF3)4; es sind farblose, äußerst flüchtige Flüssigkeiten (Zers.-P. 130° (Pt) bzw. -20° (Pd)). Ihre tetraedrische Struktur wird an Hand der IR-Spektren sowie der 19F- und 31P- Kernresonanzmessungen aufgezeigt. Bereits unter sehr milden Bedingungen bilden diese Elementkomplexe mit Phosphordonatren farblose, kristalline Substitutionsprodukte M(PF3)4-n(PR3)n (R — C6H5: n = 1 und 2; R — OC6H5: n = 4), deren PF3-Gruppen unter CO-Druck teilweise bis völlig durch Kohlenmonoxid ausgetauscht werden können.
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  • 165
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 364 (1969), S. 215-224 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The phases ZnkIn2Ok+3 show light absorption in the IR caused by free electrons. Furthermore, the light absorption of the phases Zn3In2O6, Zn4In2O7 and Zn5In2O8 has been investigated after partial isomorphous substitution of Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ for Zn2+. From this it can be concluded that these cations replace Zn2+ on tetrahedral sites.
    Notes: Die Absorption im IR der Phasen ZnkIn2Ok+3 (I) wird durch freie Elektronen bedingt. Aus der Lichtabsorption der Phasen Zn3In2O6, Zn4In2O7 Zn5In2O8 nach isomorphem Ersatz von Zn2+ durch Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ ergibt sich, daß diese farbgebenden Kationen Tetraederplätze besetzen.
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  • 166
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 365 (1969), S. 55-62 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: By reaction of anhydrous TiCl3, KSCN, and tetrabutylammonium thiocyanate in acetonitrile, crystalline [(n-C4H9)4N]3[Ti(NCS)6] has been prepared.Diffuse reflectance and solution spectra in acetonitrile and also results on the paramagnetic susceptibility from 78 to 308°K are reported. From the μeff data (evaluated according to FIGGIS' method) the spin-orbit coupling constant, the STEVENS electron delocalization parameter and the value of the axial-symmetrical field component are derived. The ligand field has trigonal symmetry. According to X-ray investigations, the space group is Th6-Pa3 and the crystallographic point symmetry of the Ti3+ ions C3 or C3i.
    Notes: Durch Umsetzung von wasserfreiem TiCl3 mit KSCN in Acetonitril bei Gegenwart von Tetrabutylammoniumrhodanid erhält man [(n-;C4H9)4N]3[Ti(NCS)6]. Reflexionsspektrum, Lösungsspektrum in Acetonitril sowie die Resultate von Messungen der paramagnetischen Suszeptibilität von 78-308°K werden mitgeteilt.Aus den nach der FIGGISschen Methode ausgewerteten μeff-Werten für verschiedene Temperaturen werden die Spin-Bahn-Kopplungskonstante, der STEVENSsche Elektronendelokalisierungsparameter sowie die Größe der axialsymmetrischen Feldkomponente abgeleitet. Das Ligandenfeld besitzt trigonale Symmetrie. Röntgenographische Untersuchungen ergeben die Raumgruppe Th6-Pa3, die Ti3+-Ionen besitzen die kristallographische Punktsymmetrie C3 bzw. C31.
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  • 167
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 365 (1969), S. 100-112 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Solubility of Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba methoxides and ethoxides in alcohols has been investigated. The phase diagrams of the M(OR)2(s)—ROH(l) systems are of the type found for the Na2SO4—H2O system. Solubility of M(OR)2 · 4 ROH grows with increase in temperature until the triple point is attained, and the solid phase undergoes desolvatation to yield type 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 complexes for the M(OCH3)2 and M(OC2H5)2, respectively. Composition and thermal stability characteristics of M(OR)2 · nROH have been established by tensimetric investigations of the M(OR)2(s)—ROH(g) systems. Ethoxides are isostructural to Mg(OH)2 and Ca(OH)2 (space group P3m1, Z = 1).
    Notes: Es wurde die Löslichkeit der Magnesium- und Erdalkalimethylate und -äthylate in Alkoholen untersucht. Die Existenz der Kristallsolvate M(OR)2 · 4 ROH, die sich bei Temperaturerhöhung peritektisch in die Solvate M(OCH3)2 · CH3OH und die entsprechenden M(OC2H5)2 · 2 C2H5OH umwandeln, wurde bestimmt. M(OR)2 · 4 ROH löst sich endotherm, die 1 : 1 und 1 : 2-Solvate lösen sich exotherm. Die Lösungswärmen der beiden Bodenphasen werden berechnet. Die Zustandsdiagramme der untersuchten Systeme gehören dem Na2SO4—H2O-Typ an.Die Wärmemengen und die freie Energie der Dissoziation der M(OR)2 · 4 ROH zu niederen Solvaten und gasförmigen Alkohol wurde berechnet. Die Mg, Sr und Ba Äthylate sind mit den Methylaten der gleichen Metalle und Mg(OH)2 und Ca(OH)2 isostrukturell; sie kristallisieren im hexagonalen Schichtengitter vom CdJ2-Typ (Raumgruppe P3ml, Z = 1). Der Basisparameter hängt nur von der Natur der Metalle ab, die Höhe der Elementarzelle wird von dem Radikal bestimmt. Beim Mg(OCH3)2 und den genannten Äthylaten wurde eine ungeordnete Schichtenstruktur gefunden, deren Ordnungsgrad vom Mg(OR)2 zum Sr(OR)2 anwächst.
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  • 168
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Whereas on interaction between Mn(NO)3CO and alkali cyanide in liquid ammonia the binuclear anion [(NC)2(ON)2Mn—Mn(NO)2(CN)2]4-, having krypton configuration, is formed, the analogous reaction of MnNO(CO)4 yields both the cyanocarbonylmanganates(+I) [Mn(CO)3(CN)3]2- and [Mn(CO)2(CN)4]3-.The dimeric structure of the novel tetrapotassium-bis(dinitrosyl-dicyanomanganate) with an Mn—Mn bond has been elucidated from its diamagnetism, IR spectrum, the cis-trans conversion of the CN- and NO+ ligands, respectively, and its reduction to diamagnetic [Mn(NO)2(CN)2]3-. - The force constants of the isosteric anions [Mn(NO)2(CN)2]3- and [Fe(NO)2(CN)2]2- are compared.
    Notes: Während bei der Umsetzung von Mn(NO)3CO mit Alkalicyanid in flüssigem Ammoniak das zweikernige, krypton-konfigurierte Anion [(NC)2(ON)2Mn—Mn(NO)2(CN)2]4- gebildet wird, entstehen bei der gleichen Reaktion mit MnNO(CO)4 die beiden Cyanocarbonylmanganate (+I) [Mn(CO)3(CN)3]2- und [Mn(CO)2(CN)4]3- nebeneinander.Der Beweis für die dimere Struktur des neuartigen Tetrakalium-bis(dinitrosyl-dicyanomanganats) mit einer Mn—Mn-Bindung konnte durch den Diamagnetismus, das IR-Spektrum, die cis-trans-Umlagerung der CN--bzw. NO+-Liganden und die Reduktion zum diamagnetischen [Mn(NO)2(CN)2]3--Anion erbracht werden. - Die Kraftkonstanten der beiden isosteren Anionen [Mn(NO)2(CN)2]3- und [Fe(NO)2(CN)2]2- werden miteinander verglichen.
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  • 169
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 365 (1969), S. 157-165 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Hexasulfimide, (SO2NH)6, is formed by direct interaction between HN(SO2Cl)2 and SO2(NH2)2 or HN[SO2N(CH3)2]2, and also on thermal decomposing of H2NSO2Cl in vacuo. The free acid (SO2NH)6 contains strongly and weakly acidic imino groups in the ratio 2:1. Its acid hydrolysis yields, as end products, sulfamide, amidosulphuric acid and sulphuric acid.
    Notes: (SO2NH)6 entsteht sowohl bei der direkten Umsetzung von HN(SO2Cl)2 mit SO2(NH2)2 bzw. HN[SO2N(CH3)2]2 als auch durch thermische Zersetzung von H2NSO2Cl im Vakuum. Die freie Säure (SO2NH)6 enthält stark und schwach saure Imidogruppen im Verhältnis 2:1. Ihre Na•-, K•-, NH4-•, Ag•- und Ba••-Salze sind in Wasser schwer löslich. Die saure Hydrolyse liefert als Endprodukte Sulfamid, Amidoschwefelsäure und Schwefelsäure.
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  • 170
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 366 (1969), S. 240-248 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The phase composition of MgO/Cr2O3 mixed oxides prepared at various temperatures was investigated by chemical analysis, X-ray, IR-spectroscopic, and ESR measurements. The order of spinel phase increases with increasing temperature of preparation. No intermediate disordered structure was observed.
    Notes: Die Phasenzusammensetzung von MgO/Cr2O3-Mischoxiden, die bei verschiedenen Temperaturen hergestellt worden sind, wird durch chemische Analyse, röntgenographische, IR-spektroskopische und ESR-Messungen ermittelt. Die Ordnung innerhalb der sich bildenden Spinellphase wächst mit zunehmender Herstellungstemperatur. Ungeordnete Übergangsphasen wurden nicht beobachtet.
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  • 171
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 367 (1969), S. 27-33 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Measurements of the electrical conductivity in molten mixtures of different rare earth chlorides and potassium or sodium chloride point out not only the existence of LnCl63- (Ln = Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Er, Yb) in all these melts, but also the formation of species like Sm2Cl7- or Dy3Cl10- in the lanthanide-sodium chloride systems. In analogy to the rare earths, trivalent uranium form also UCl63- in molten sodium chloride. The specific electrical conductivities of pure molten rare earth chlorides at 800°C and 900°C are reported.
    Notes: Messungen der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit an geschmolzenen Mischungen verschiedener Lanthanidenchloride mit Kalium- oder Natriumchlorid zeigen nicht nur, daß LnCl63- (Ln = Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Er, Yb) in allen diesen Schmelzen bei Alkalichloridüberschuß gebildet wird, sondern geben auch Hinweise auf die Existenz von Nahordnungszuständen wie Sm2Cl7- oder Dy3Cl10- in den NaCl-haltigen Schmelzen. In Analogie zu den Seltenen Erden bildet auch dreiwertiges Uran in geschmolzenem Natriumchlorid UCl63-. Die spezifischen elektrischen Leitfähigkeiten reiner geschmolzener Lanthanidenchloride bei 800°C und 900°C werden mitgeteilt.
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  • 172
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 367 (1969), S. 44-61 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: (Cl2Si—CCl2)3 (I) forms with an excess of CH3MgCl the products: (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI). (II) gives with CH3MgCl (III), with LiAlH4(CH3)3Si—CH2—Si(CH3)2—C≡C—Si(CH3)3. With 6 moles CH3(I) yields (VII). (VII) forms H3Si—Cl2—Si(CH3)2—C≡C—Si(CH3)3 with LiAlH4.(II), (III), (VI) are formed in the reaction of VII with CH3MgCl. The fission of (I) forming the pentacycle (VII) and the cleavage of (VII) to linear products are explained by β-elimination.
    Notes: (Cl2Si—CCl2)3 (I) bildet mit überschüssigem CH3MgCl die Verbindungen (II) reagiert mit CH3MgBr zu (III), mit LiAlH4zu \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm (CH}_{\rm 3})_3 {\rm Si \hbox{---} CH}_{\rm 2} \hbox{---} {\rm Si(CH}_{\rm 3})_2 \hbox{---} {\rm C} \equiv {\rm C \hbox{---} Si(CH}_{\rm 3})_3 . $$\end{document} Mit 4-6 Mol CH3MgBr entsteht aus (I) das mit LiAlH4 bildet.Aus (VII) entstehen mit CH3MgCl die Verbindungen (II), (III), (VI). Die Aufspaltung von (I) zum Fünfring (VII) und die Spaltung von (VII) zu linearen Verbindungen wird über β-Eliminierungen erklärt.
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  • 173
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 367 (1969), S. 92-101 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The thermal dehydration of TlH2AsO4 proceeds via the intermediate crystalline Tl2H2As2O7. The final product of dehydration of TlH2AsO4 is a metaarsenate being isomorphous with Tl4[P4O12], thus confirming the existence of ring anions (AsO3)44-. Tl4[As4O12] is water soluble and easily hydrolysable (m. P. 395°C). The eight-membered cyclic ring structure of the tetrametaarsenate ion has been also established by quantitative determination of the hydrolytic products of condensed arsenatophosphates having the structure of Tl4[As4O12]. Thallium arsenatophosphates Tl(P, As)O3, with the ratio P: AS 〉 4:1, however, correspond to the structure of (TIPO3)x · H2O built up from highmolecular chain-like anions.
    Notes: Bei thermischer Entwässerung von TlH2AsO4 wird Tl2H2AsO4 wird Tl2H2As2O7 als kristallines Zwischenprodukt gebildet. Das Kondensationsendprodukt des TlH2AsO4 ist ein Thalliummetaarsenat, bei dem auf Grund seiner Isomorphie mit Tl4[P4O12] erstmals die Existenz von tetrameren ringförmigen As4O124--Anionen bewiesen wird. Tl4[As4O12] ist wasserlöslich und sehr leicht hydrolysierbar (Fp. 395°C). Der ringförmige Aufbau seiner Anionen wurde auch durch quantitative Untersuchung der Hydrolyseprodukte der in der Tl4[As4O12]-Struktur kristallisierenden arsenreichen Thalliumarsenatophosphate Tl(P, As)O3 bestätigt. Thalliumarsenatophosphate mit größerem P-Gehalt, als dem Verhältnis 4P: 1 As entspricht, besitzen dagegen die Struktur des (TIPO3)xH2O. Die Zusammensetzung ihrer Hydrolysate weist auf eine lineare Kettenstruktur ihrer hochmolekularen Anionen sowie der Anionen des reinen (TIPO3)x · H2O hin.
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  • 174
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 368 (1969), S. 73-86 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Three samples of anatase and one of rutile were studied. The surface of TiO2 is amphoteric in character. For pure anatase surfaces, the isoelectric point was found near pH 6.4; it is influenced by adsorbed impurities. Nearly half of the surface OH groups which were determined by deuterium exchange react fairly strongly acidic corresponding to a pKa of ca. 2.9. They are almost quantitatively neutralized by 5 · 10-3 M alkali or alkaline earth hydroxides; NH3 and methyl amines are chemisorbed by them as ammonium ions. Approximately the same quantity of Na+, Ca2+ or Ba2+ ions again is adsorbed from solutions of their hydroxides at higher concentrations. This is caused by weakly acidic functions the pK value of which is 12.7. The reaction of alkaline earth hydroxides with the acidic surface groups is equimolar. A quantity of Al3+ ions equimolar to the total OH population is adsorbed from basic aluminium chloride solutions.
    Notes: Drei Anatas-Präparate und ein Rutil wurden untersucht. Die TiO2-Oberfläche reagiert amphoter. Der isoelektrische Punkt der reinen Anatas-Oberfläche liegt bei pH 6,4; er wird durch adsorbierte Verunreinigungen beeinflußt. Etwa die Hälfte der durch Deuteriumaustausch nachgewiesenen OH-Gruppen ist relativ stark sauer, entsprechend einem pKs-Wert von etwa 2,9. Diese OH-Gruppen werden durch 5 · 10-3m Alkali- oder Erdalkalihydroxide nahezu vollständig neutralisiert, NH3 und Methylamine werden von ihnen als Ammoniumionen chemisorbiert. Noch einmal die gleiche Menge Na+ Ca2+ oder Ba2+-Ionen wird bei höheren Konzentrationen aus ihren Hydroxiden gebunden. Der pK-Wert der schwächer sauren Oberflächengruppen liegt bei 12,7. Erdalkalihydroxide reagieren mit den sauren Gruppen äquimolar. Aus basischen Aluminiumchloridlösungen wird die dem gesamten OH-Gehalt äquimolare Menge Al3+ absorbiert.
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  • 175
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 367 (1969), S. 293-302 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: For a general investigation on the Si—N bond N-substituted (silyl)-pyrrole derivatives have been prepared by means of already known, and new, methods. The dipole moments of these compounds were determined and their UV spectra recorded. From these data it is concluded that the Si—N bond has partial double bond, dπ-pπ, character. The lone electron pair on the nitrogen is however, displaced towards the silicon only to a small extent, owing to the stronger electron attracting effect of the pyrrole ring. These conclusions are by quantumchemical estimations.
    Notes: Für Untersuchungen über die Si—N-Bindung wurden N-substituierte Pyrrolderivate teilweise nach bekannten, z. T. nach neuen Methoden hergestellt. Es wurden Dipolmomente dieser Verbindungen nach HEDESTRAND ermittelt sowie ihre UV-Spektren aufgenommen.Dabei ergab sich, daß die Si—N-Bindung den Charakter einer partiellen Doppelbindung besitzt. Das einsame Elektronenpaar am Stickstoff ist aber nur geringfügig in Richtung der d-Bahn des Siliciumatoms verschoben; es tritt nur eine schwache dπ-pπ-Bindung auf, woraus folgt, daß der Pyrrolring wesentlich stärker elektronenanziehend wirkt als das Siliciumatom. Diese Folgerungen werden durch quantenchemische Berechnungen gestützt.
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  • 176
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 368 (1969) 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 177
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 368 (1969), S. 10-17 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: ESR studies on TiO2—V2O5 mixed oxide catalysts show that vanadium is incorporated into the rutile lattice as V4+ ion and also occurs as VO2+ ion on the surface. The concentration of the surface VO2+ ions is a function of the V2O5 content per surface unit.
    Notes: Untersuchungen an TiO2—V2O5-Mischoxidkatalytoren zeigen, daß Vanadium in Form von Vanadiumionen V4+ in das Rutilgitter eingebaut wird und sich außerdem als VO2+-Ion an der Oberfläche befindet. Die Konzentration der Oberflächenvanadylionen ist eine Funktion der auf die Oberfläche bezogenen V2O5-Konzentration.
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  • 178
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 368 (1969), S. 25-30 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The successive formation of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 chelates from iron(III)ions and polyphenols, found by SOMMER and SCHWARZENBACH, has been also observed for further polyphenol derivatives by establishing the formation versus pH curves by spectrophotometric methods. In some cases the formation of higher chelates is hindered by concurrent hydrolysis reactions. The 1:1 chelates of the investigated pyrocatechol and pyrogallol derivatives decompose unter redox reactions.All the hydroxy and carboxy groups acting as coordinating groups release their protons on chelate formation.
    Notes: Durch photometrische Aufnahme von pH-Bildungskurven wird die von SOMMER und SCHWARZENBACH gefundene stufenweise Chelatbildung (1:1, 1:2, 1:3) zwischen Eisen(III)-Ionen und Polyphenolen für weitere Derivate bestätigt. In einigen Fällen verhindern Hydrolysekonkurrenzreaktionen die Bildung höherer Chelate. Die 1:1-Chelate der Brenzcatechin- und Pyrogallolderivate zersetzen sich durch einen Redoxvorgang.Durch logarithmische Analyse der pH-Kurven wird die Protonenabspaltung aller an der Chelatbildung beteiligten Hydroxyl- und Carboxylgruppen bewiesen.
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  • 179
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 368 (1969), S. 53-61 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Suitable single crystals of Sr(OH)2 may be obtained from solutions of Sr(OH)2 in highly concentrated aqueous hot sodium hydroxide by slow cooling. The crystal structure of Sr(OH)2, which was determined by usual X-ray diffraction methods leaving out the hydrogen atoms, represents a new structure type. Each Sr2+ ion is surrounded by seven OH- ions (average distance 2.60 Å). The resulting coordination polyhedra of idealized symmetry mm2 are linked together via common edges in all three dimensions. The geometrical arrangement of the polyhedra shows a remarkable relation to the known crystal structure of YOOH.
    Notes: Aus Lösungen von Sr(OH)2 in hochkonzentrierter heißer Natronlauge lassen sich bei langsamer Abkühlung Sr(OH)2-Einkristalle geeigneter Größe erhalten. Die Kristallstruktur von Sr(OH)2, die bis auf die Wasserstoffatome nach den üblichen Röntgenbeugungsmethoden bestimmt wurde, stellt einen neuen Strukturtyp dar. Jedes Sr2+-Ion ist von sieben OH--Ionen umgeben (mittlerer Abstand 2,60 Å). Die zugehörigen Koordinationspolyeder mit der idealisierten Symmetrie mm2 sind über gemeinsame Kanten in allen drei Raumrichtungen vernetzt. Die geometrische Anordnung der Polyeder weist eine bemerkenswerte Beziehung zur bekannten Kristallstruktur von YOOH auf.
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  • 180
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 368 (1969), S. 196-201 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The preparation and some properties of bis-(trimethylsilyl)-selenite are described. From the compounds bis-(trimethylsilyl)-selenite and -selenate the RAMAN-and infrared spectra are given, assigned and discussed in connection with the vibrational spectra of the alkylesters of selenious and selenic acid.
    Notes: Die Darstellung und einige Eigenschaften des Bis-(trimethylsilyl)-selenits werden beschrieben. Vom Bis-(trimethylsilyl)-selenit und-selenat werden die RAMAN-und IR-Spektren mitgeteilt, zugeordnet und in Verbindung mit den Spektren der Alkylester der selenigen Säure und Selensäure diskutiert.
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  • 181
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: By mech ano-chemical reduction of α-Fe2O3 in H2 atmosphere magnetite is produced. It was reactivated batchwise in a vibration mill. These Fe3O4 samples were tested as catalysts for CO conversion and their solid state properties analysed by means of several methods. The computed correlation coefficients allow to explain the catalytic activity on the basis of the physical condition of the solid.
    Notes: Durch mechanochemische Reduktion von α-Fe2O3 in H2-Atmosphäre wird Magnetit hergestellt, der chargenweise in einer Schwingmühle nachaktiviert wird. Diese Fe3O4-Proben werden als Kontakte für die CO-Konvertierung getestet und ihre Festkörpereigenschaften mit verschiedenen Methoden untersucht. Die errechneten Korrelationskoeffizienten gestatten, die katalytische Aktivität mit dem physikalischen Zustand des Festkörpers zu erklären.
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  • 182
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 368 (1969), S. 221-224 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wird die Extraktion von NpIV aus wäßriger Nitratlösung durch einige Monoalkohole, Äther und Ketone untersucht und diskutiert.
    Notes: Extraction of Np(IV) from aqueous nitrate medium with some mono-alcohols, ethers and ketones has been investigated. Similarities and qualitative features of the extraction process are discussed.
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  • 183
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 368 (1969), S. 211-220 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurde der Einfluß der thermischen Vorbehandlung (500-900°C) auf die Reaktivität von Eisen(III)-oxidproben untersucht. Die Bildung von CdFe2O4 aus CdO und Fe2O3 nimmt bei einer Vorbehandlungs(sinter)temperatur von 550-680°C schwach zu und oberhalb von 700°C stark ab; wird die Reaktion bei der jeweiligen vorherigen Sintertemperatur durchgeführt, dann wird im Bereich 550-750°C die höchste Reaktivität bei etwa 700°C beobachtet. Ähnliche Unterschiede in der Reaktivität des Fe2O3 wurden bei der Löslichkeit in HCl und der katalytischen Zersetzung von H2O2 gefunden. Messungen der Dichte und elektrischen Leitfähigkeit des Fe2O3 weisen daraufhin, daß seine hohe Reaktivität bei 675-700°C mit einer starken Zunahme von Eisenleerstellen zusammenhängt.
    Notes: The effect of thermal pre-treatment of iron(III) oxides on thier reactivity has been studied together with the studies of some of their physical properties.Cadmium ferrite formation slightly increased when the iron(III) oxide was sintered between 550 and 680°C and markedly decreased above 700°C. The effect of thermal pretreatment appeared more pronouncedly when reactions were carried out at the temperature of the sintering. Between 550 and 750°C the highest conversion was found when iron(III) oxide was sintered and brought into reaction at about 700°C. The reactivity of iron(III) oxide was investigated also in other reactions: solubility in HCl and catalytic decomposition of H2O2.On the basis of density and electric conductivity data the high reactivity of Fe2O3 exhibited between 675 and 700°C was interpreted by the great increase of iron vacancies.
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  • 184
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 368 (1969), S. 243-247 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: From CH3(CHCl2)SiF2 and aqueous NH4F, at normal conditions, a di-organo-tetrafluorosilicate, (NH4)2[CH3(CHCl2)SiF4], has been prepared.
    Notes: Infolge der Negativierung der Alkylgruppe durch Einführen von Halogen konnte aus difunktionellem Methyl(dichlormethyl)-difluorsilan ohne Druck in Wasser ein Di-organotetra-fluorosilicat, (NH4)2[CH3(CHCl2)SiF4], dargestellt werden, dessen Eigenschaften untersucht wurden.
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  • 185
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 368 (1969), S. 254-261 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Interaction of bromotriphenylphosphonium bromide with hexamethyldisilazane in acetonitrile yields the phosphonium salt [(C6H5)3PNHSi(CH3)3]Br. Its pyrolysis or deprotonation leads to N-trimethylsilyl-triphenylphosphazene which on reaction with (C6H5)2PCl gives [P(C6H5)2]Cl. The reversible transformation of this heptaphenyl-triphosphorous nitride chloride to (C6H5)2PCl and (C6H5)3P=N—P(C6H5)2 is described as well as its reaction with sulfur to (C6H5)3P=N—P(S)(C6H5)2.
    Notes: Die Silazanspaltung von[(CH3)3Si]2NH durch (C6H5)3PBr2 liefert [(C6H5)3PNHSi(CH3)3]Br, dessen Thermolyse oder Deprotonierung zu (C6H5)3P=N—Si(CH3)3 führt. Die Reaktion des Silylphosphazens mit Diphenylphosphorchlorid ergibt [P(C6H5)2]Cl, aus dem pyrolytisch N-Diphenylphosphino-triphenylphosphazen entsteht.
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  • 186
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Orthophosphoric acid hemihydrate, 2H3PO4 · H2O, forms monoclinic crystals with space group P21/c and four formula units in the unit cell (a = 7,387, b = 12.915, c = 7,850 Å; β = 109.8°). the crystal structure has been determined using three-dimensional photographic X-ray intensity data. The final R-factor for 832 observed independent reflections is 8.4%. The hydrogen atoms could not be located independently. Nevertheless it is possible to decide between an oxonium salt, H3O+H2PO4- · H3PO4, and a true acid hydrate, 2H3PO4 · H2O, from the observed pattern of P—O bond lenghts and O—P—O bond angles, which favours the second possibility.
    Notes: Orthophosphorsäure-hemihydrat, 2H3PO4 · H2O, kristallisiert monoklin in der Raumgruppe P 21/c mit vier Formeleinheiten in der Elementarzelle (a = 7,387, b = 12,915, c = 7,850 Å; β = 109,8°). Die Kristallstruktur wurde mit dreidimensionalen photographischen Röntgen-Intensitätendaten bestimmt. Der abschließende R-Faktor für 832 beobachtete unabhängige Reflexe beträgt 8,4%. Die Wasserstoffatome konnten nicht voraussetzungsfrei lokalisiert werden. Die Entscheidung zwischen einem Oxoniumsalz, H3PO+H2PO4- · H3PO4, und einem echten Säurehydrat, 2H3PO4 · H2, kann dennoch getroffen werden, und zwar auf Grund der beobachteten Abstufung der P—O-Bindungslängen und O—P—O-Bindungswinkel, die für die zweite Möglichkeit spricht.
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  • 187
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 368 (1969), S. 262-270 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The crystal structure of LiMnO2 has been elucidated by powder work. The space group is C2v1-Pm2m with Li in 1(a), y = 1/2; Li in 1(d) y = 3/4, Mn in 1(a), y = 0; Mn in 1(d), y = 1/4; O in 1(b), y = 0.04; O in 1(b), y = 0.46; O in 1(c), y = 0.21; O in 1(c), y = 0.79.MADELUNG Parts of Lattice Energy are calculated and discussed in detail for the “observed” structure and other related models.
    Notes: Aus Pulverdaten wird die Kristallstruktur von LiMnO2 abgeleitet. Danach liegt die Raumgruppe C2v1-Pm2m vor mit Li in 1(a), y = 1/2; Li in 1(d), y = 3/4; Mn in 1(a), y = 0; Mn in 1(d), y = 1/4; O in 1(b), y = 0,04; O in 1(b), y = 0,46; O in 1(c), y = 0,21; O in 1(c), y = 0,79.MADELUNG-Anteile der Gitterenergie werden hierfür und für verschiedene andere Strukturmodelle berechnet und eingehend diskutiert.
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  • 188
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 367 (1969), S. 281-288 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The system ZnO—B2O3 has been investigated by means of crystal chemical methods in the region of the ZnO-rich phase. From the melt near 1100°C the ZnO-richest phase 3ZnO · B2O3 crystallises. Powder diagrams and optical constants are identical with those in the previous literature, although often the ZnO-richest phase was described as 3ZnO · B2O3. From x-ray data follows the space group Ic or I2/c. The lattice parameters are: a0 = 23.52, b0 = 5.08, c0 = 8.44 Å; β = 97° 44′.
    Notes: Das System ZnO—B2O3 ist im Bereich der ZnO-reichen Phase kristallchemisch untersucht worden. Aus der Schmelze bei ∼1100°C kristallisiert als ZnO-reichste Phase das 3 ZnO · B2O3. Pulverdiagramme und optische Konstanten ergeben Übereinstimmung mit Literaturangaben, obwohl diese z. T. als 3 ZnO · B2O3 ausgewiesen werden. Aus Röntgeneinkristalluntersuchungen wurde die Raumgruppe Ic oder I2/c ermittelt. Die Gitterkonstanten sind: a0 = 23,52 Å, b0 = 5,08 Å, c0 = 8,44 Å, β = 97° 44′.
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  • 189
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 367 (1969), S. 303-312 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurde die Verteilung von ZrIV zwischen wäßrigen salpetersauren Lösungen und Lösungen von Tri-n-butylphosphat (TBP) und von Bis-(2-äthylhexyl)-phosphorsäure (DEHPA) in Petroleum (Kerosin) unter verschiedenen Bedingungen untersucht. Bei DEHPA wurde besonders der Einfluß des organischen Lösungsmittels studiert, bei TBP wurde die organische Phase durch hochauflösende 1H-Kerneresonanz untersucht. Der Extraktionsmechanismus wird diskutiert.
    Notes: The partition of zirconium(IV) between nitric acid solutions and solutions of tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) and of di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phosphoric acid (DEHPA) in kerosene has been investigated at different conditions. The effect of organic solvent in the extraction by DEHPA has been examined. A high resoluion 1H—NMR spectral study has been made of the organic phases from the extraction by TBP. The mechanism of the extractions is discussed in the light of the results obtained.
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  • 190
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 368 (1969), S. 1-9 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: X-ray, ESR and magnetical investigations show that Cr3+ ions are incorporated into the TiO2 lattice at low Cr2O3 contents of Cr2O3—TiO2 oxide mixtures. At higher contents, compound and cluster formation occur. There is a partial oxidation of Cr3+, depending on the specific surface of the specimens.
    Notes: Röntgenographische, ESR- und magnetische Untersuchungen zeigen, daß bei geringen Cr2O3-Beimischungen Cr3+-Ionen in das TiO2-Gitter eingebaut werden. Bei höheren Konzentrationen tritt Verbindungs- und Clusterbildung auf. Die Oxydation der Cr3+-Ionen ist eine Funktion der Oberflächengröße.
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  • 191
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The new isotypic compounds (PyH)2[Nb6Cl12]Cl6, (PyH)2[Nb6Br12]Cl6, (PyH)2[Ta6Cl12]Cl6, and (PyH)2[Ta6Br12]Cl6 containing the [Me6X12]4+ cluster have been prepared and characterized by analysis, GUINIER-diagrams, magnetic behaviour, IR and UV absorption spectra, and solution behaviour.Some information on (PyH)2[Ta6Cl12]Br6 is given.(PyH)2[Ta6Cl12]Cl6 and (PyH)2[Ta6Cl12]Br6 are obviously identical with „(C5H5N)H3Ta3Cl9“ and “(C5H5N)H3[Ta3Cl6Br3]” earlier described by LINDNER und FEIT.
    Notes: Die neuen, isotypen Pyridiniumsalze (PyH)2[Nb6Cl12]Cl6, (PyH)2[Nb6Br12]Cl6, (PyH)2[Ta6Cl12]Cl6 und (PyH)2[Ta6Br12]Cl6 mit der [Me6X12]4+-Gruppe wurden dargestellt und durch Analysen, GUINIER-Diagramme, magnetisches Verhalten, Absorptionsspektren vom IR- bis UV-Bereich und durch ihr Lösungsverhalten charakterisiert.Für (PyH)2[Ta6Cl12]Br6 werden ebenfalls Angaben gemacht.(PyH)2[Ta6Cl12]Cl6 und (PyH)2[Ta6Cl12]Br6 sind offenbar mit den früher von LINDNER und FEIT als „(C5H5N)H3Ta3Cl9“ und „(C5H5N)H3[Ta3Cl6Br3]“ beschriebenen Verbindungen identisch.
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  • 192
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 369 (1969), S. 238-248 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: IR-spectra of LiCH3, Be(CH3)2, Mg(CH3)2, Li2CH2 and MgCH2 were taken and assigned. Proton magnetic resonance spectra of LiCH3, Be(CH3)2 are reported. The interpretation of both types of spectra leads to the coclusion, that with decreasing electronegativity the metal-methyl bond becomes more polar. Correspondingly, the C—H bond acquires increasing p character, which is dominating in the methylene compounds.
    Notes: Es wurden die IR-Spektren von LiCH3, Be(CH3)2, Li2CH2 und MgCH2 aufgenommen und zugeordnet. Weiterhin werden die Protonen-Resonanz-Spektren von LiCH3, Be(CH3)2 und Mg(CH3)2 mitgeteilt. Aus beiden Spektren wird abgeleitet, daß mit abnehmender Elektronegativität des Elementes die Bindung zur Methylgruppe immer polarer wird. Damit bekommt die CH-Bindung zunehmenden p-Charakter. Dies trifft weitgehend für die beiden Methylenverbindungen zu.
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  • 193
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 370 (1969) 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 194
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 370 (1969), S. 31-39 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Ethane-1.1-di-arsine oxide, CH3CH(AsO)2 has been prepared by two methods: Decarboxylation of propionic acid in the presence of KAsO2 yields the oxide in an one-step reaction; also, the oxide is abtained by stepwise dephenylation of CH3CH(AsPh2)2 (first by means of sodium, then HBr) and following hydrolysis of the formed ethane-1.1-bisdibromoarsine. An intermediate product is ethane-1.1-phenyl-bromoarsine, the solvolysis products of which, formed with H2O and H2S, are described.
    Notes: Äthan-1.1-di-arsenoxid, CH3CH(AsO)2, wird auf zwei Wegen dargestellt. Durch Decarboxylierung von Propionsäure in Gegenwart von KAsO2 erhält man das Oxid in einem Reaktionsschritt. Ein anderer Weg führt über die stufenweise Abspaltung der Phenylgruppen des 1.1-Bis-diphenylarsino-äthans, CH3CH(AsPh2)2, zuerst mit Natrium, dann mit Bromwasserstoff und anschleißender Hydrolyse des Äthan-1.1-bis-dibromarsins. Solvolyseprodukte des bei der Spaltung als Zwischenstufe erhaltenen Äthan-1.1-bisphenyl-bromarsins mit H2O und H2S werden beschrieben.
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  • 195
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 368 (1969), S. 93-105 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: From sulphato-phosphate glasses with low average (phosphate-) chain length (n̄P 〈 2), a crystalline sulphatophosphate K4P2S2O13 was obtained by fractionating precipitation. Some properties of this bis-sulphato-diphosphate are communicated.
    Notes: Aus Sulfatophosphatgläsern mit kleiner mittlerer Kettenlänge wird durch mehrfache fraktionierte Fällung schließlich reines kristallisiertes Kalium-di-sulfato-diphosphat K4P2S2O13 erhalten. Einige Eigenschaften werden angegeben.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 196
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 368 (1969), S. 113-119 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Mass spectra of positive and negative molecule ions from organo-triptych-siloxazolidines (silatranes) support the assumption that in the silatranes a coordinative covalent bond exists between nitrogen and silicon, the latter being thus pentacovalent. From such alkyl and aryl compounds silver alkyls and aryls, respectively, may be prepared which, however, quickly decompose under formation of elemental silver. The alkoxy compounds, on the other hand, yield with AgNO3 silver oxide as a primary product. Starting from silatranes, however, it is possible to obtain stable organo-Hg, -Sb, -Bi, and -Pb compounds.
    Notes: Molekelmassenspektren positiver sowie negativer Ionen stützen die Annahme, daß bei Organotriptych-siloxazolidinen (Silatranen) zwischen dem Stickstoff und dem dadurch pentacovalenten Silicium eine koordinativ-covalente Bindung besteht. Mit den Alkyl- und Arylverbindungen können Silber-Alkyle und-Aryle dargestellt werden, die aber rasch unter Abscheidung von elementarem Silber zerfallen. Die Alkoxyverbindungen ergeben mit Silbernitrat dagegen zunächst Silberoxid. Mit Hilfe der Organo-triptychsiloxazolidine lassen sich aber beständige Organoquecksilber-, -antimon-, -wismut-und -bleiverbindungen darstellen.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 197
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 368 (1969), S. 127-132 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The dithiocarbamates M[SC(S)(NH2)] with M = K, Rb, Cs, [Φ4As] were prepared and investigated by chemical, X-Ray, and IR methods. The alkali dithiocarbamates crystallize monoclinic, and are isostructural with the high temperature modification (β) of NH4[SC(S). (NH2)] (data see „Inhaltsübersicht“). For these compounds the „Strukturchemische Volumenregel“ is valid. The IR spectra of the dithiocarbamates are discussed.
    Notes: Die Dithiocarbamate M[SC(S)(NH2] mit M = K, Rb, Cs, [Φ4As] wurden hergestellt und mit Hilfe chemischer, röntgenographischer und IR-spektroskopischer Methoden näher untersucht. Die Alkalimetalldithiocarbamate kristallisieren monoklin (pseudorhombisch) mit Z = 8 in der Raumgruppe I2/a-C2h6 oder Ia—Cs4 und sind mit der Hochtemperaturmodifikation (β) des NH4[SC(S)(NH2)] isostrukturell. Für diese Verbindungen ist die strukturchemische Volumenregel gut erfüllt. \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin{array}{l} {\rm a} = 11,25,\,{\rm b} = 9,30,\,{\rm c} = 9,14\,{\AA}(\pm 0,02), \,\beta = 90,0 \pm 0,2^\circ \,{\rm f\ddot{u} r\, M} = {\rm K,} \\ {\rm a} = 11,59,\,{\rm b} = 9,52,\,{\rm c} = 9,39\,{\AA}(\pm 0,02), \,\beta = 90,0 \pm 0,2^\circ \,{\rm f\ddot{u} r\, M} = {\rm Rb,} \\ {\rm a} = 11,80,\,{\rm b} = 9,87,\,{\rm c} = 9,71\,{\AA}(\pm 0,02), \,\beta = 90,0 \pm 0,2^\circ \,{\rm f\ddot{u} r\, M} = {\rm Cs,} \\ \end{array} $$\end{document}. Die IR-Spektren der Dithiocarbamate werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 198
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 368 (1969), S. 160-167 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: A structure is proposed for tetragonal body-centered Na6PbO5, with a = 7,707 and c = 5,545 Å, the probable space group of which is 14mm-C4v9. The lattice contains chains of highly distorted PbO6 octahedra sharing opposite corners.
    Notes: Na6PbO5 kristallisiert tetragonal-innenzentriert mit a = 7,707 und c = 5,545 Å; die wahrscheinliche Raumgruppe ist 14mm-C4v9. Nach dem hier entwickelten Strukturvorschlag enthält das Gitter Ketten aus stark verzerrten PbO6-Oktaedern, die über einander gegenüberliegende Ecken verknüpft sind.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 199
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The reaction of CdO with the vanadium oxides VO, V2O3, and VO2 at 700°C have been investigated. The only stable phases observed are the spinel CdV2O4 and the two cadmium vanadates(IV), CdVO3 and CdV3O7. For the normal cadmium vanadium(III) spinel the lattice constant was determinated to be a = 8.696 ± 0.001 Å. The d-values and IR absorptions for these compounds are given. The crystal chemical and electronic properties show that the spinel phase in the system Cd(CdxV2-2x+3Vx+4)O4 covers only a very small range (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.02).
    Notes: Es wurden die Reaktionen von CdO mit VO, V2O3 und VO2 bei 700°C untersucht und als stabile Phasen der Spinell CdV2O4 und die Cadmiumvanadate(IV), CdVO3 und CdV3O7, beobachtet, von denen das letztere noch nicht bekannt war. Für den normalen Cadmium-vanadin(III)-Spinell wurde die Gitterkonstante zu a = 8,696 ± 0,001 Å bestimmt. Die d-Werte und Absorptionsbanden im IR werden für die Verbindungen angegeben. Kristallchemische und elektronische Eigenschaften zeigen, daß im System Cd(CdxV2-2x+3Vx+4)O4 die Spinellphase bereits bei x ≈ 0,02 ihre obere Phasengrenze besitzt.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 200
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Using silicon windows the IR spectra of the gas phase over 78 to 100 per cent sulphuric acid have been recorded from 30 to 250°C. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the spectra yields information on the equilibria over the system H2O-H2SO4. The IR spectrum of gascous H2SO4 is communicated.
    Notes: In einer mit siliciumscheiben ausgerüsteten Küvette wurde die Gasphase über 78-bis 100 proz. Schwefelsäure im Temperaturbereich von 30-250°C IR-spektroskopisch untersucht. Nach qualitativer und quantitativer Auswertung der Spektren war es möglich, die Gleichgewichte über dem System H2O-H2SO4 in Wechselwirkung mit der flüssigen Phase zu diskutieren. Das IR-Spektrum der gasförmigen Schwefelsäure wird mitgeteilt.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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