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  • Articles  (78,548)
  • Springer  (54,559)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (23,989)
  • American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 1965-1969  (78,548)
  • Chemistry and Pharmacology  (78,548)
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  • Articles  (78,548)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
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    Rheologica acta 6 (1967), S. 74-76 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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  • 3
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    Rheologica acta 6 (1967), S. 30-53 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Summary Measurements of the isothermal-isobaric volume retardation in crosslinked and non-crosslinked polystyrene are reported. The measurements have been carried out applying the temperature-jump method, and, for the first time, also the pressure-jump method. For the measurements using the temperature-jump method a quartz-glassdilatometer has been used which allows the registration of volume changes of ±7·106 cm3. A pressure dilatometer has been developed for the measurements according to the pressure-jump method which permits volumemeasurments of the same precision in the pressure-range between 1 and 60 atmospheres. The experimental results show that for the volume retardation of polystyrene a measurable linear region exists. For this case of linear retardation behaviour various kinetic theories predict an exponential time dependence of the deviation of the volume from the equilibrium value, which is due to the existence of a single retardation time. This result is not confirmed by our experiments. The volume retardation in the linear region — at least for polystyrene — can in no case be described in terms of a single retardation time, but only by a distribution of retardation times. It turns out, that the retardation function (distribution function of retardation times) in the linear region differs after a previous temperature change from that after a previous pressure change. This result can be confirmed by theoretical considerations which follow fromMeixner's thermodynamic theory of linear relaxation phenomena.
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  • 4
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    Rheologica acta 6 (1967), S. 65-69 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Résumé Le comportement en viscosité sous différentes vitesses de cisaillement, à différentes températures, de solutions d'alginate de sodium à des concentrations variant entre 0,05% et 1%, auxquelles on a ajouté du chlorure de calcium en quantité variable, est qualitativement toujours le même; pour des quantités croissantes de chlorure de calcium, à concentration fixe en alginate de sodium, à une phase de dépression de la viscosité succède une phase de croissance très rapide, suivie à nouveau d'une phase de décroissance. Dans la première phase les variations de la viscositè avec la vitesse de cisaillement sont représentables par un modèle répondant à la Théorie d'Eyring; dans les phases suivantes l'écoulement est représenté par une loi du type η=aγb avec b〈0. Cette différence dans le mode d'écoulement tiendrait à l'apparition, à partir d'une concentration en chlorure de calcium suffisante, d'une structure tridimensionelle plus ou moins stable suivant la concentration en ions calcium.
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  • 5
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    Rheologica acta 6 (1967), S. 83-92 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine Versuchsanordnung wird beschrieben, in derSearle- undCouette-Typ des Rotationszylinderviskosimeters durch leichten Umbau zu erhalten sind. Für alle Fälle (Außen- und Innenzylinder desSearle- undCouette-Viskosimeters) werden die Drehmomente in Abhängigkeit von der exzentrischen Stellung der Zylinderachsen für mehrere Drehzahlen und Zylinderlängen bestimmt. Alle von der Theorie vonW. Müller über die Drehmomente gelieferten Aussagen lassen sich demonstrieren und in verhältnismäßig weiten Bereichen quantitativ belegen. Es werden die Möglichkeiten behandelt, wie die im Einzelfall nur mühsam zu berechnenden Beiwerte leicht zugänglich bereitzustellen sind.
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  • 6
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    Rheologica acta 6 (1967), S. 92-100 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Entangling and disentangling of chain-molecules give rise to an equilibrium concentration of entanglements and a time-law for the relaxation of momentarily strained pseudonetwork-chains. The network-chains in the middle of the molecules can only relax more slowly than those near the ends. This leads to distributions of strains during the flow. In case of large strains a network-chain must disentangle more quickly than in the unstrained state, which results in non-Newtonion viscosity and abnormally quick relaxation. Experiments confirm this theory to a large extent.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Amorphe Polymere ausreichend hohen Molgewichts befinden sich in einem dynamischen Gleichgewicht der Verhakung ihrer Moleküle. Dabei diffundieren die Moleküle ständig mit ihren Kettenenden durch die Schlaufen der tetraederförmigen Verhakungen, lösen dabei eine Verhakung und bilden sofort wieder eine neue an anderer Stelle, so daß das MolgewichtM c der Kettenstücke zwischen den Verhakungsstellen zeitlich konstant ist. In der Nähe der Kettenenden werden Verhakungen häufiger gelöst und wieder gebildet als mehr in der Mitte der Fadenmoleküle. Dort bleiben deshalb Dehnungszustände der Kette länger erhalten als an den Kettenenden. Mit dieser Vorstellung kann man die mechanische Relaxation der Polymeren gut beschreiben. Man benötigt dazu außer dem Molgewicht drei Konstanten.-Beim Fließen der Polymeren werden die in der Mitte liegenden Kettenstücke wegen ihrer großeren Relaxationszeit stärker gedehnt als die am Kettenende liegenden Teile. Im Gleichgewicht stellt sich eine Dehnungsverteilung ein, mit der man dieNewton-Viskosität berechnen kann. Strukturviskosität tritt dann auf, wenn in der Dehnungsverteilung starke Dehnungen auftreten. Bei starker Dehnung löst sich ein Kettenstück schneller als normal aus seinen Verhakungen, weil es dann auf die Verhakungpunkte eine größere Kraft ausübt als in ungedehntem Zustand.
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  • 7
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    Rheologica acta 6 (1967), S. 119-129 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Summary A mechanical system consisting of an inert component, attached to a linear viscoelastic spring, is studied theoretically. Basic assumptions about the viscoelastic material areBoltzmann's superposition principle and a positive discrete relaxation spectrum. The equation of motion and its formal solution for free damped vibrations are discussed. The theory focusses on the determination of the complex dynamic modulus, defined for undamped sinusoidal vibrations, by free damped vibrations. Simple approximation formulae to calculate the dynamic modulus from free vibration data, i. e. eigen frequency and logarithmic decrement, are given; upper limits for the approximation errors could be derived.
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  • 8
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    Rheologica acta 6 (1967), S. 222-239 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Résumé Après un bref rappel des méthodes d'étude des matériaux bitumineux, suivi de la description des appareillages mis au point pour l'étude expérimentale du fluage, sont exposés les résultats des essais de traction et de cisaillement par torsion. Ces expériences, effectuées sur des éprouvette d'un béton bitumineux de type classique, mettent en évidence que: Le domaine de comportement linéaire du matériau est très restreint en ce qui concerne l'intensité de la contrainte appliquée ou la grandeur de la déformation. La réciprocité entre les rôles du temps et de la température dans la description des propriétés mécaniques du matériau est vérifiée. L'application de la méthode des variables réduites permet alors d'étendre les connaissances acquises, en dehors du domaine étudié. Les propriétés rhéologiques du matériau peuvent être présentées sous forme d'expressions analytiques simples. Il est aussi possible d'attribuer au matériau un modèle comprenant sept paramètres dont six d'entre eux sont indépendants de la température, le dernier ne dépendant que de la susceptibilité thermique du matériau La susceptibilité thermique elle-même peut être présentée sous forme analytique simple. L'étendue des recoupements qui peuvent être faits à partir des essais de fluage en traction et en torsion et la concordance des résultats obtenus par les méthodes statiques et dynamiques, mettent en évidence le caractère intrinsèque des informations acquises.
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  • 9
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    Rheologica acta 6 (1967), S. 246-251 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Summary Transient creep recovery tests in simple tension were performed in a series of cross-linked high polymers in pure and plasticized states. A loading cycle was adopted according to which each specimen was loaded in creep for a time period of 16′ followed by recovery for the same time period. This loading cycle was repeated for various steps of temperature from ambient temperature up to a temperature corresponding to the rubbery region of each polymer. It was shown that, while the 15″ measurements of deformation after loading or unloading were approximately equal, recovery individual curves were always lagging in time the corresponding creep curves. Composite curves of creep or recovery deformation in semi-log time scale reduced to a temperature of 30 °C were plotted by applying the method of reduced variables. The creepdeformation composite curve was always advancing in time relatively to the respective recovery composite curve. This phenomenon was an accumulation of the partial difference of the corresponding individual curves. Time-shift factor versus temperature curves for creep and recovery were plotted and compared. It was established that the remaining deformation after 16 minutes of a 16′ creep recovery normalized to the initial deformation at the beginning of recovery, if plotted versus temperature, presented the same shape of curves for all types of materials tested. The maxima of these curves were diminishing with addition of plasticizer according to a straight line.
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  • 10
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    Rheologica acta 6 (1967), S. 259-264 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Summary In order to investigate the thermal effects occuring in a coaxial cylinder viscometer, the temperature changes at the onset of the flow and the temperature profiles reached under steady-state conditions have been measured, at different radial positions, by means of an NTC resistor. The results have been found to agree satisfactorily with the equations developed for the theoretical description of the above effects.
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