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  • Articles  (3,801)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (3,801)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
  • 1965-1969  (2,713)
  • 1950-1954  (1,088)
  • 1915-1919
  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (3,801)
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  • Articles  (3,801)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of titanium compounds on thermooxidative properties of stabilized polypropylene (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1859-1871 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of titanium compounds on thermooxidation stability of stabilized polypropylene was studied. It was found that the presence of titanium compounds shortens the induction period of PP oxidation. This phenomenon is brought about by the thermal reactions of titanium compounds with antioxidants which take place during polymer processing. The first step is the reaction of Ti—Cl with OH groups of phenolic antioxidant, which gives rise to a colored titanate and HCl. Hydrogen chloride functions as a Friedel-Crafts catalyst for degradation and dealkylation of phenolic antioxidants. The products of degradation have a very low stabilization efficiency. Hydrogen chloride acceptors suppress antioxidant degradation and increase the polymer stability even in the presence of small amounts of titanium compounds.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130905
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation chemical studies of protein reactions: Effect of post-irradiation on viscosity (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1895-1897 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Protein was irradiated by gamma rays from a cobalt 60 source. At different times after irradiation, the reactivity decay of the irradiated protein was examined. An empirical equation for the reactivity decay was obtained.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130908
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of mechanical properties of polymers. Tensile strength of glass-reinforced plastics (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1899-1908 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Tensile strength data at high and low rates of loading were obtained for a glass-reinforced polyester and a glass-reinforced epoxy. Analysis of the data by a rate method indicated that such a method may be used to predict behavior of polymers from limited test data.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130909
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The measurement of charge response of powders exposed to ion bombardment (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1909-1919 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A system has been designed and developed to subject a sample of powder on a grounded metal plate to charging by ion bombardment and to measure the charge accepted by the sample. Observation of the charge decay from the sample was also possible. A method of sample preparation was evolved which made it possible to obtain samples of known particle size and number of particles. The sensitivity of measurement and the noise levels were investigated and found to be acceptable. Calibration tests were made to determine the validity of the proposed equation relating the measured voltage, circuit capacitances, and the ratio of probe height to net charge location. It was found that for a wide range of values of the ratio of probe height to particle diameter, the linear equation was a good description of the process and could be used to accurately determine the charge on a sample. Some measurements were made on typical powders to illustrate the feasibility of the method and equipment to characterize variable charging properties.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130910
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of structure of cyclic urea derivatives on their reactivities with cotton (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1949-1963 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The structure of the cyclic urea influenced the rate of reaction with cotton cellulose and the mechanism by which reaction occurred. Reaction of N, N′-dimethylolethylene-urea (DMEU) and N, N′-dimethylolpropyleneurea (DMPU) with cellulose in presence of inorganic salt catalysts proceeded through methylol hydroxyls and at the same rate; but reaction mechanism differed. With DMEU, N → metal ion coordination occurred and SN2 mechanism prevailed. With DMPU, O → metal ion coordination resulted.Reaction of dihydroxyethylene urea (DHEU), N, N′-dimethyldihydroxyethyleneurea (DMeDHEU), and N, N′-dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) with cotton cellulose proceeded through ring hydroxyls with the formation of a carbonium ion, indicating an SN1 mechanism. The much faster rate of reaction with DMeDHEU than with DHEU was attributed to the more electronegative environment of its ring hydroxyl, while the much slower rate of reaction of DMDHEU was attributed to hydrogen bonding between its methylol and ring hydroxyls.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130914
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the single-point determination of intrinsic viscosity (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 2031-2032 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130921
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apparent anomalous thermal behavior of polymers undergoing a glass transition (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 2069-2072 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Glass transitions in certain polymer samples were detected as a step change in a DTA trace in the exothermic sense. This anomaly is explained as a manifestation of the volume relaxation shown to occur at the glass transition in internally strained samples.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070131004
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Graft copolymerization of styrene with carbon black-alkali metal complex (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 2057-2068 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: It was found that an ion radical complex is formed by the reaction of carbon black with an alkali metal (Li, Na, K) in tetrahydrofuran. The graft copolymerization of styrene with carbon black was carried out using the ion radical complexes as initiator, and free polystyrene and carbon black-polystyrene graft copolymer were obtained. The identification of the graft copolymer with carbon black was carried out by fractionation and thermal degradation. The initiation activity of the alkali metals increased in the order Li 〈 Na 〈 K. The effect of the particle size of the carbon black on the graft copolymerization was studied.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070131003
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal degradation of polymers. Part III. Vacuum pyrolysis of poly(m-aminostyrene); the products volatile at pyrolysis temperature which are liquid or gaseous at room temperaturePaper presented at Thermal Analysis Group of Society of Analytical Chemistry Burlington House, London, on November 13th, 1968. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 2033-2043 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The products obtained on degradation of poly(m-aminostyrene) in vacuo are described. The effect of molecular weight and pyrolysis temperature are discussed and the behavior of poly(m-aminostyrene) compared with that of polystyrene. Quantitative analytical methods using ultra-violet spectroscopy and gas liquid chromatography are described for m-aminostyrene and m-toluidine. The possible mechanisms of degradation to yield the products are discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070131001
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pyrolysis of acrylic fiber in inert atmosphere. I. Reactions up to 400°C (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 2073-2084 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The pyrolysis of acrylic fiber up to 400°C in an inert atmosphere at 1° and 6°C/min was studied by means of thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis. The exothermic reaction occuring at 180-300°C was shown to be due to the reaction of nitrile groups by comparing the extent of exotherm with the number of nitrile groups present, determined by infrared spectroscopy. In addition, results of single-fiber tensile measurements, density, and elemental analysis of the pyrolyzed fibers are interpreted in terms of possible molecular structures. The gases evolved on pyrolysis were analyzed for both ammonia and hydrogen cyanide and the liberation of ammonia was attributed to a termination reaction of the polymerization of nitrile groups. The critical conditions necessary for the production of high strength and modulus carbon fiber are discussed briefly in ralation to the chemical changes occurring on pyrolysis.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070131005
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dielectric relaxation and crosslinking in unsaturated polyester resins (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 2119-2127 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The properties of crosslinked thermosetting resins depend markedly on the completeness of the crosslinking process. Determination of the degree of cure of an unsaturated polyester resin has been studied previously by mechanical, spectroscopic and volume resistivity methods. In this respect the effect of cure time and temperature on the ac dielectric constant and dissipation factor at 1 kc/s and 10 kc/s is considered. The dissipation factor appears to be a most useful parameter for detecting changes in the degree of cure in the later stages of reaction.The electrical properties of the cured resin are discussed, and values for the energy of activation for electrical conduction are compared with literature reports on similar materials.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070131009
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation of bisphenol a polymers (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 2183-2191 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polysulfone, polycarbonate, and phenoxy resins were aged under thermal and ultraviolet light conditions. Thermoxidative processes in polysulfone and polycarbonate are of such minor significance as not to impart noticeable losses in these materials below 125°C. In phenoxy, however, thermal oxidation above 100°C results in rapid deterioration of all physical properties. This probably results from the low glass transition temperature of this polymer. Photo-oxidation rapidly degrades polysulfone. This appears to be a consequence of scission at the sulfone link. In polycarbonate, however, the only serious result of short-term irradiation is discoloration. For phenoxy resin, crosslinking through reactions at the hydroxyl group is the principal result of photo-oxidation. In all processes the bisphenol A portion of the three polymers appears to play only a small role.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070131013
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of diffusion coefficient and partition coefficient of sodium in nonionic polymer membranes (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 2209-2221 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The difficulties involved in the measurement of the partition coefficient and diffusion coefficient of NaCl in hydrophilic polymer membranes are examined by the initial rate and late-time analysis of desorption data for three nonionic polymer systems. The late-time analysis, based on the plot of the logarithmic relative desorption versus time, was found to be useful when the diffusion is Fickian and the magnitude of D2/l2 is small. Depending on the magnitude of D2/l2, an accurate measurement of k2 and determination of D2 cannot be achieved without correction for the effect of surface salt solution, impossible with late-time analysis. The initial rate measurement was found more versatile for general non-Fickian diffusion and it gave a means of correction of the errors involved in estimating the partition coefficient. In general, the diffusion of NaCl in hydrophilic polymers is not ideal Fickian and the discrepancy between the two analyses is appreciable.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070131015
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photocrosslinking of stilbene-modified polymers (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 2247-2255 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The reactions of trans-2,5-dimethoxy-4′-aminostilbene with poly(maleic anhydride-co-methylvinyl ether) and trans-2,5-dimethoxy-4′-isocyanatostilbene with poly(oxy-1,4-phenyleneisopropylidene:1,4-phenyleneoxy-2-hydroxytrimethylene) yield polymeric systems which undergo rapid crosslinking upon short exposure to ultraviolet light. The extent of photocrosslinking as a function of exposure time was determined by the decrease of the trans-stilbene ultraviolet absorption at 350 nm.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070131018
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation chemical studies of protein reactions: Radiation dose and optical rotation (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 2265-2268 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: When protein was irradiated by gamma rays from a cobalt 60 sources, an activated state on the position of the groups in the vicinity of the asymmetric carbon atoms in the protein molecule was caused. An empirical equation for the change in optical rotation was obtained, and the phenomena were explained on the basis of the molecular mechanism. The general equation for the change in optical rotation is given by [α] = (b + a log R) (1 - e-kt), where [α] is the specific rotation of the solution, R is the gamma radiation dose, t is time, and a, b, and k are adjustable constants.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070131102
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cooking schedule of alkyd resin preparation. I. Effect of cooking schedule on viscosity-molecular weight relationship (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 2277-2292 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The two constants in the equation log η = A + C′ M̄n1/2 (η is the viscosity of molten alkyd and M̄n the number average molecular weight) were determined at 110°C for two kinds of alkyd resin prepared with the same formulation but with different cooking schedules. It was found that the magnitude of the slope C′ was larger for the alkyd which was prepared by raising the reaction temperature directly up to 230°C, in comparison with that of the alkyd which was prepared by maintaining the temperature at 170°C for an hour and then raising it up to 230°C.Measurements of η and M̄n were carried out until the gelation occurred. Both upward and downward breaks were observed in log η vs. M̄n1/2 plot. Based on these viscometric data, the gel point mechanism was discussed. Disagreements between the molecular weight observed and that calculated from the Flory's theoretical equation became more remarkable as the esterification proceeded. This suggested that a large extent of intraesterification reaction is taking place in alkyd synthesis.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070131104
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The manganic hydroxide-hydrazine hydrate system as an initiator of vinyl polymerization (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 2333-2340 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The reaction of hydrazine hydrate with manganic hydroxide and its application to the solution polymerization of methyl methacrylate has been studied. The kinetic evidence suggests that the hydrazine and the monomer are both adsorbed on the surface of the manganic hydroxide sol and that the decomposition of the hydrazine and the polymerization of the methyl methacrylate follow zero-order kinetics. The rate of polymerization increases slowly with increasing temperature, the activation energy for the polymerization being 4.9 ± 0.2 kcal/mole.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070131109
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properties of blends containing petroleum jelly and 4-methyl-pentene-1 (TPX-RT-D30) (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 2383-2395 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The properties of 4-methyl-pentene-1 polymer (TPX-RT-D30) were altered by blending petroleum jelly (P.J.) with the polymer. The polymer was blended with up to 40% by weight P. J. The plasticization of the polymer by the P. J. apparently allows high molecular weight fractions of the polymer to crystallize and influences the crystalline size and perfection. Tensile properties of the blends showed both a break and yield value in all ratios as compared to only a break value for the pure polymer. Breaking strength ranged from 4000 psi for the polymer to 1000 psi at 40% P. J. The samples had a “necking down” effect at 10% P. J. Modulus decreased from 1.8 × 104 (literature value 2.1 × 105) to 2.3 × 104 at 40% P. J. Brittle point values varied from above room temperature to 5°C at 40% P. J. The Vicat softening point ranged from 181°C for the polymer to 87°C at 40% P. J. Differential thermal analysis (Stone) showed a melting point depression from 235°C to 218°C at 40% P. J.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070131113
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  • 19
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    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the extent of reaction for the system carboxyl-terminated polybutadiene-epoxide beyond the gel point by infrared spectroscopy (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 2439-2445 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Curing reactions were investigated after the gel point, using infrared transmittance and reflection spectrophotometric techniques. In the system carboxyl-terminated polybutadiene (CTPB)/Epon X801 or Epotuf STF-6, catalyzed with Fe(III)-acetyl-acetonate (FeAA), at an equivalent ratio of carboxyl to epoxide groups, the final extent of reaction of COOH groups was found to be between 64% and 77% for eight CTPB samples. Increasing the ratio of epoxide to carboxyl groups (up to 1.6) resulted in an increase in the conversion, but the complete reaction of COOH groups could not be accomplished. The final extent of reaction also depends upon the functionality of the crosslinking agent. The lower the functionality of the epoxide, the higher the conversion of COOH groups. The use of chromium naphthenate as a catalyst for epoxide-COOH reactions gave higher conversions than FeAA. This result is related to side reactions catalyzed by the chromium naphthenate. The change in mechanical properties and the change in extent of reaction were followed simultaneously; it was found that no further development of mechanical properties occurred when the curing reaction between COOH and epoxide groups had ceased.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070131117
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copolymers of starch and polyacrylonitrile: The dilution effect (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 133-140 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In the ceric ammonium nitrate-initiated graft polymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) with starch, grafting frequencies and molecular weights of grafted polyacrylonitrile changed from 600 anhydroglucose units (AGU)/graft and 120000 to 280 AGU/graft and 36000 when concentrations of starch and AN were varied from 0.27 and 1.20 to 0.023 and 0.235 moles/l. of water, respectively. The influence of variety of starch, size of the starch granules, and reaction time was studied, and possible reasons for the influence of reactant concentration on the composition of the copolymer are considered.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130114
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solubilization of calfskin collagen in citrate buffer with the use of automated equipment (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 141-148 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An automated collagen solubilizing apparatus that maintains constant electrolytic conditions during solubilization is described. It was used in solubilization of 6.95% of a calfskin corium as monomeric collagen in citrate buffer at pH 3.44 and ionic strength of 0.44 and a temperature of 8°C. It is shown that this is the limit of solubilization for undenatured collagen in this buffer.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130115
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscosities of moderately concentrated solutions of polyethylene in ethane, propane, and ethylene (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 117-131 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The viscosities of moderately concentrated solutions of low-density polyethylenes in ethane, propane, and ethylene have been measured at low shear rate in the temperature range of 150-250°C and in the pressure range of about 15000-30000 psi. Within the precision of the measurements, the relative viscosity is independent of pressure over the range investigated but increases as the solvent is changed from propane through ethane to ethylene. The activation energy for the relative viscosity in ethane varies from about 0.5 to 2.5 kcal/mole as the concentration changes from 5 to 15 g/dl. Effects of polymer concentration and molecular weight on solution viscosity in ethane at 150°C have been determined, and all of the data can be represented by a single straight-line plot of the logarithm of relative viscosity versus the intrinsic viscosity (in p-xylene at 105°C) times concentration. This simple relation is valid over wide ranges of polymer concentration and molecular weight and over more than two orders of magnitude of relative viscosity. The solution viscosities of the polyethylenes in the three supercritical fluid solvents used appear surprisingly low at first sight. This behavior is partly a result of the low solvent viscosities but also might mean that the polymer has an abnormally low segmental friction factor compared to that in solutions under more familiar conditions.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130113
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    Rates of crystallization of copolyamides. I. Random copolymers of nylons 6 and 11 (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 2643-2648 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Rates and extents of crystallization of nylon 11 and nylon 6/11 copolymers have been measured by dilatometry. As the amount of copolymerization increased there was a decrease in the extent of crystallization and in the rates of crystallization for any degree of supercooling below the melt.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    Grafting of acrylonitrile onto cellulose initiated by ceric ion (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 2649-2656 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Acrylonitrile was grafted onto cellulose with the use of ceric salt as initiator and the grafting was found to be maximum at 0.6N acid concentration. The effect of monomer and initiator concentration on the extent of grafting was studied. A new method for quantitative estimation of extent of grafting on cellulose was developed and its validity was established. The grafted samples with 20% increase in weight were found to be highly resistant to microorganisms.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070131212
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    Direct preparation of porous polyethylene filters by radiation polymerization of ethylene (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 2657-2663 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Notes: In order to prepare porous, macroscopically homogeneous filters without a separate packing process, ethylene was polymerized by radiation in glass tubes. The bulk density of the polyethylene is approximately proportional to ρ(ƒM)2I0.9t2, where ρM is average ethylene density, ƒM is average ethylene fugacity, I is radiation dose rate, and t is reaction time. The effect of the bulk density on “treatment capacity” was investigated by experiments where air samples containing 0.1 wt-% iodine vapor were filtered. Treatment capacity is difined as that amount of air per gram of polyethylene which passes through a filter until the polyethylene reaches the break point. The treatment capacity is approximately constant at 9 × 102 cm3/g over the bulk density range from 0.03 to 0.07 g/cm3, and it is lower at the outside of this range. The pressure drop due to the polyethylene filters varies with the 2.7th power of the bulk density when the bulk density is more than 0.03 g/cm3; below 0.03 g/cm3 this exponent increases with decreasing bulk density. Because of both the necessity of high Treatment capacity and that of low pressure drop, the optimum bulk density of polyethylene in the filter is about 0.03 g/cm3.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    The influence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding on the flow behavior of polymer melts (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 2721-2733 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The influence of hydrogen bonding on the flow behavior of polymer melts at high shear rate has been investigated using a capillary extrusion rheometer. The systems studied were copolymers of ethylene and acrylic or methacrylic acid. Hydrogen bonding was found to substantially enhance both flow activation energy and viscosity level, as well as the degree of dependence of viscosity on rate of shear. It was also found that hydrogen bonding does not influence the critical shear stress for onset of “melt fracture.” The data support the view that hydrogen bonds act effectively as temporary (quasi-) crosslinks during the short time scales of deformation involved in flow at high shear rates.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070131219
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    Poly-2-oxazolidones as cryogenic adhesives (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 2699-2703 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Adhesives data are presented at -320° to +400°F for adhesion to aluminum or stainles steel to indicate that poly-2-oxazolidone-type adhesives give poor results when conpared to epoxy amine, polyurethane prepolymer amine, or a mixture of the latter two resins.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070131217
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    Mounting media for the microscopical examination of rubber-reinforced polymers (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 337-340 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Notes: Mounting media for examining rubber reinforced copolymers using the phase microscope are described. The mounting media are based on cinnamaldehyde as the basic solvent with suitable adjustments made depending upon the copolymer under examination.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130206
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    Thermal degradation of phenolic resins. V (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 437-443 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The effect of varying the nature of crosslinks in phenolic resins has bee studied with the use of resins made from phenol, p-cresol, and bisphenol A. Thermal analysis showed that the methylene bridge was stronger under nonoxidative conditions than the isopropylidene linkage. The result is somewhat affected by the degree of crosslinking.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130304
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    The determination of the isotacticity of polypropylene in the 90-100% range by infrared spectroscopyPresented as a paper before the Meeting of the American Chemical Society Division of Polymer Chemistry, September 1963, in New York City. At that time this laboratory was the Research Center of the Spencer Chemical Company. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 417-425 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: An infrared method has been developed for the determination of the isotacticity of polypropylene in the 90-100% range. The method requires the annealing of thin films at 165-167°C. for 3 hr. in an inert atmosphere, followed by slow cooling to room temperature. For approximate answers the ratio of the intensity of the 10.00 μ band to that of the 10.27 μ band can be reported as the fraction of isotactic material. Better results are obtained, however, by using Figure 2 as a calibration curve and reading the values from it.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130302
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    Flex life and long-term strength of composite materials (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 445-458 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The relationship is shown between the flex life and long-termtensile strength of flexible composite material. The long-term strength is interpreted in terms of a kinetic theory of failure. However, it is not posible to predict the flex life from tensile strength or even long-term strength data unless the stiffness or modulus is considered along with the thickness of the sample. With these factors it becomes possible to predict the flex life of a material and to compare various flex-testing instruments utilizing a new concept, which material and to compare various flex-testing instruments utilizing a new concept, which we call “effective force.” The usefulness of the concept of effective force is explained.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130305
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    Failure loci for a thermoplastic at various temperatures (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 459-462 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Corresponding flexural stress and strain data for polycarbonate failure (at yield or break when brittle), at various temperatures are reported. It is shown that a specific failure locus is obtained at each temperature examined and that the results provide a means of construction of an appropriate locus for any temperature within the range 77-373°K investigated.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130306
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    Allylic polymers. Diallyl 2-substituted succinate prepolymers and their properties (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 463-476 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Diallyl 2-substituted succinates, obtainable via the addition of alkenes or alkylaromatics to maleic anhydride, undergo intramolecular cyclization during polymerization to low molecular weight prepolymers. The amount of this cyclization and the properties of the cured prepolymers are profoundly affected by the structure of these 2-substituents. Thus, the degree of cyclization decreases with these substituents in the order: aralkyl and isobutyl 〉 unhindered alkenyl 〉 alkyl 〉 hindered alkenyl. Properties of thermosetting molding compounds based on these prepolymers are inferior to those of poly-(diallyl phthalate) molding compounds.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130307
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    Analysis of condensation polymerization reactors. I. Kinetic model (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 477-486 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A mathematical model for the kinetics of polycondensation reactions was developed. Reaction rates were expressed in terms of reactive functional groups where the reactivity of each functional group was assumed to be independent of the size of the polymer molecule. A method of testing the validity of the model with batch reactor data is demonstrated. The model is then employed to derive expressions for the equilibrium constant and molecular weight distributions. Continuous reactor yields and molecular weight distributions are then predicted from the batch reactor data. The reactions considered include chain growth, scission, and ester exchange reactions.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130308
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    Structure-property relationships for liquid transport in modified polypropylene membranes (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 577-598 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: In view of the intensifying interest in the application of polymeric membranes in mixture separation processes, the permeation and permselective properties of polypropylene films toward several candidate organic liquids and vapors were investigated. Polymer films were subjected to solvent and thermal treatments, and the effects of these treatments on film morphology and transport properties were studied. Structure-property relationships for membrane permeation were then developed. Polypropylene films were found to be selective toward toluene, relative to isooctane, and p-xylene relative to o-xylene. Liquid flux rates were found to depend primarily upon the solubility of the permeants in the films and the absolute difference in the solubility parameters of the polymer-liquid pair provided a good basis for correlation of this effect. Considering liquids of closely similar solubility parameters, fluxes were found to be dependent upon the apparent molecular cross sections of the permeants. Films annealed in various organic solvents at temperatures of 60-100°C exhibited enhanced permeability, with up to fifteenfold increase relative to untreated membranes, but with reduced selectivity towards the permeants. A mechanism to account for these effects through consideration of the influence of treating solvent type on polymer morphology is proposed. It postulates the formation of more open or coarser spherulitic structures as a result of recrystallization in the presence of solvent during annealing. The enhanced flux rates in the treated films are attributed to the changes in the spherulite textures and to diminished intercrystalline tie chain constrainment within the spherulitic substructure.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130403
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    Preparation of block copolymers of styrene and methacrylic acid (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 629-636 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Notes: A range of block copolymers of styrene and methacrylic acid has been prepared by the suspension method involving migration of a growing radical across a phase boundary. The way in which copolymer composition varies with change in the amount of the two monomers in the reaction mixture has been studied, and explanations are suggested to account for these variations. Two methods, involving calculation from solubility data and thermogravimetric analysis respectively, have been used to give an estimate of the length and composition of the blocks.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130406
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    Reactions of cotton or diethylaminoethyl cotton with 1-chloro-2,3-epithiopropanePresented at the 155th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, San Francisco, California, March 31-April 5, 1968. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 607-627 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Sulfhydryl groups have been introduced into cotton and into diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cotton by reaction with neat 1-chloro-2,3-epithiopropane or alcoholic solutions of the thiirane. Reactions at room temperature have been compared with those at higher temperatures, and fabric properties obtained with various S/Cl ratios have been compared. The effects of additional external base catalysis on these reactions have been studied. Fabric properties resulting from cotton-1-chloro-2,3-epithiopropane or DEAE-cotton-1-chloro-2,3-epithiopropane reactions have been compared with properties obtained with the corresponding reactions of cotton or DEAE-cotton with epichlorohydrin. Sulfhydryl groups have also been introduced into cotton and DEAE-cotton by the in situ formation of 1-chloro-2,3-epithiopropane in the fabric as a result of the reaction of the oxygen analog with a thiourea or a thiocyanate. These in situ reactions have been carried out in the absence and presence of solvent and external base catalysts. Attempts to vary the wet and conditioned (dry) recovery angles by oxidation of sulfhydryl groups and by reduction of disulfide groups met with little success. Smaller improvement in wrinkle recovery properties imparted by the thiirane than by epichlorohydrin at a given add-on has been explained on the basis of greater tendency of the thiirane to open abnormally in neutral or slightly acidic conditions and thus the greater tendency of the thiirane to form polymers rather than to crosslink cotton. Tendency of the oxirane to open normally and therefore act difunctionally results in finished fabrics with low chlorine contents, a high degree of crosslinking, and little polymer formation.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130405
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    Visible dichroism of the poly(ethylene terephthalate)-disperse dye system at high temperatures (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 659-668 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The dichroic behavior of PET film dyed at 70°C with Disperse Red 17 or Disperse Yellow 7 was investigated in the temperature range 20-200°C with a view to studying the changes in amorphous region of PET at high temperatures. The dichroic orientation factor D versus temperature plot is expressed by a straight line with negative slope; two breaks appear at 80 (Tg) and 120°C. So long as the amorphous structure does not change irreversibly, the values of D change reversibly with the temperature. Hence, if a change in D after heating is observed at room temperature, it is evidence that an irreversible change occurred in the amorphous structure during the heating. The break at 120°C is a new amorphous transition point of PET existing along with Tg, although the Tg can hardly be observed after the cold crystallization; some phenomena reported in the literature are proposed as evidence.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    Structure of porous cellulose acetate membranes and a method for improving their performance in reverse osmosis (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 637-657 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Experimental data support the hypothesis that the surface layer of the asymmetric Loeb-Sourirajan type porous cellulose acetate membranes has a heterogeneous microporous structure. A general method is proposed for improving the performance of the above membranes in reverse osmosis, by which product rates are increased without decreasing solute separation. The method consists in pumping pure water past the back side of the membrane under just enough pressure for a sufficiently prolonged period of time; after such pretreatment, the membrane is used in the reverse osmosis experiments in the normal manner with the surface layer facing the feed solution. Back-pressure treatment at 400 psig for 85 hr on preshrunk and normally pressure-treated membranes increases the product rate by over 20% without decreasing solute separation in reverse osmosis experiments at 600 psig with the use of 0.5 wt-% NaCl-H2O feed solutions; with a different sequence of back-pressure treatment, similar results have been obtained in reverse osmosis experiments at 1500 psig also. The compaction effect of a normal membrane and that of a back pressure treated membrane are the same during continuous reverse osmosis operation under 600 psig; the effects of back-pressure treatment on a normal membrane and a compacted membrane are also the same. The pure water permeability data obtained in cyclic experiments show that the smaller pores on the surface layer are opened more than the bigger ones during the back side operation. The probable structural changes taking place in the film during back-pressure treatment are discussed.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130407
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    Permeation of gases through modified polymer films. I. Polyethylene-styrene graft copolymersBased on a paper presented at the 17th Canadian Chemical Engineering Conference, Niagara Falls, Ontario, October 16-18, 1967. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 669-683 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The permeabilities of nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide through polyethylene-styrene graft copolymer films were measured by means of a gas permeability apparatus based on a modification of Barrer's high vacuum technique. Polyethylene-styrene grafts were prepared by mutual γ-ray irradiation of low-density polyethylene films in styrene-methanol solution. Densities and thicknesses of the graft copolymer films were determined. It was observed that the gas permeability constants decreased with increasing grafting to minimum values at 20-30% styrene grafting and increased again above 30% grafting. These results are explained in terms of a decrease in the free volume of the amorphous regions of the polyethylene by a “filling in” effect of the grafted polystyrene chains. Above 30% grafting, disruption of the crystallites may occur resulting in increased gas permeation. Activation energies for gas permeation through polyethylene-styrene graft copolymer films were calculated and found to decrease with increasing per cent styrene grafting. For nitrogen permeation, the activation energy decreased from 11.7 kcal/mole for unirradiated polyethylene to 9.5 kcal/mole for a 50.5% graft. Corresponding values for oxygen and carbon dioxide were 10.2-8.2 kcal/mole for a 48.7% graft and 8.4-6.5 kcal/mole for a 50.5% graft.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130409
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    Polymer rheology: Influence of molecular weight and polydispersity (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 765-774 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Literature data on the non-Newtonian flow of bulk polymer and of polymer solutions are correlated on the basis of a four-parameter equation, η = η∞ + (η0 - η∞)/[1 + (τD)m], η being the viscosity at shear rate D, and η0 and η∞ limiting values at D = 0 and D = ∞, respectively. The parameters η0, η∞, and τ all show dependence on molecular weight, and in general there is good correlation between τ and η0. There is evidence that τ is related to a molecular weight higher than the weight-average. The exponent m shows dependence on molecular weight distribution and approaches an upper limit of unity for a monodisperse linear polymer. For linear unblended polymers it may be expressed empirically by m = (M̄n/M̄w)1/5.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    Prediction of polymer densities (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 871-881 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A method is proposed for predicting the density of a linear, amorphous polymer. The method is based on the additivity of group increments for the molar volume of a polymer unit. It is analogous to the published methods for predicting the molar volume of organic liquids. The method may be improved as additional experimental values on polymer densities become available.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130506
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    Studies on selenium-organic polymer interfaces (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 883-897 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Interfaces of evaporated viterous selenium and various organic polymeric resins of both the thermosetting and thermoplastic type have been studied by ultra-thin sectioning and transmission electron microscopy techniques. Epoxy, phenoxy, polyamide, butadien-styrene copolymer, vinyl-toluene-butadiene copolymer, resins as well as polyethylene are among those organic polymers studied. Interfaces prepared by vaccum evaporation of selenium onto the various substrates and under varying processing conditions were examined. Intermixing and interdiffusion of the inorganic and organic polymers in the interfacial region were observed in certain cases when selenium was evaporated onto incompletely curved epoxy or lower viscosity polymers. These occurrences were found to contribute significantly to the mechanical strength of the assembly. Electrical properties of certain specific systems have also been investigated.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130507
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  • 44
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    Liquid-induced crystallization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 899-909 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Amorphous unoriented poly(ethylene terephthalate) was crystallized at 25°C by various organic liquids. The crystalliznity induced in the amorphous polymer was measured by differential scanning calorimetry and infrared spectroscopy. The ability of liquids to interact with and induced crystallinity in the amorphous polymer was classified on the basis of their solubility parameters. Measurements of the density of liquid-crystallized 0.8-mil films of poly(ethylene terephthalate) indicated the presence of extensive internal voids in the semicrystalline polymer matrix. Comparison of differential scanning calorimetric thermograms and infared spectra of heat-crystalized and liquid-crystallized polymer indicated significant differences in the polymer morphologies induced by the two crystallization processes.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130508
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    Structural modification and molding of polyacrylonitrile (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1159-1167 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polyacrylonitrile can be compression-molded with conventional equipment if the inherent polymer particle structure is modified. With normal polymerization methods, a circumferential orientation in the polymer particle is obtained. This structure can be changed under the effects of shear to yield highly ordered, laminar particles with planar orientations. In this form, PAN can be compression-molded into tough, clear, chemically resistant articles with retention of the laminar structure. The polymer has been characterized by its x-ray diffraction and infrared spectrum which, in combination, distinguish it from previously observed forms of PAN.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130605
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    Moisture determination in plasticizer-pigment formulations by gas chromatography (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1169-1173 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A rapid quantitative method has been developed for the determination of small amounts of water present in plasticizer-pigment and epoxy resin-pigment dispersion used in polyurethane formulations. Specific dispersions examined have been the systems diisooctyl phthalate-titanium dioxide and titanium dioxide-epichlorhydrin-Bisphenol A. The samples examined contained 50-70% titanium dioxide.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130606
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  • 47
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    Adhesion of metals to polymers. I. Study of interfaces modified by inductive heating (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1129-1157 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The objective of the work reported in this paper is to explain theoretically the observations made in an earlier study that castings of an epoxide resin reinforced by electrically conductive inserts, after having been postcured by inductive heating, had strength properties superior to those achieved by a purely thermal postcure. A search of the literature on adhesion suggested that among the theories presented, those dealing with electrical double layer formation, interdiffusion, and mixed polymer grafting on the insert-polymer interface deserve to be considered. Experiments were then planned in such a manner as to permit a choice between these theories. Epoxide resin specimens reinforced with various metals (pure silver, silver with an oxide layer, pure copper, copper with an oxide layer, aluminum, and stainless steel) were prepared. They were then either postcured in a heated oven, or postcured in an induction furnace for various lengths of time. Bonding strength was determined by a knife-edge method, and the exposed insert and resin surfaces were tested for electrical potential and surface wettability (angle-of-contact). Most strikingly, the curves obtained with increasing induction heating times for bonding strength, electrical potential, and wettability were all sinusoidal in shape, and their maxima and minima generally were found to coincide. For oven-postcured specimens, bonding between different metal inserts and an epoxide resin is explained by double electrical layer formation (insert positive, resin negative), with bonding strength increasing as the stability of the oxide forming the surface layer of the metal decreases. Metals with no oxide surface layer thus have the highest bonding strengths. For inductively postcured specimens, bonding is effected by both electrical double layer formation and mixed polymer grafting through the oxygen atoms in the metal surfaces, with the more stable metal oxide giving the stronger bonding in grafting. Where the insert does not carry an oxygen surface layer, bonding takes place through electrical forces only. Alternating build-up and internal discharge of electrical double layers are the direct cause of the sinusoidal shape of the electrical potential curves and the indirect cause of the comparable shape of the wettability curves. Their combination results in the observed periodicity of the breaking load curves.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130604
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    Role of hydrophobic bonding in the contraction of nylon 66 in phenolic solutions (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1191-1199 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Rate constants for intermolecular bond breaking (k1) and bond re-formation (k2) were calculated from contraction measurements. Variation of ΔH
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130608
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    Radiation-induced emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate and styrene (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1175-1189 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Studies have been made of the γ-induced emulsion polymerization of styrene and comparisons made with chemically initiated emulsion polymerization. The polymerization proceeded smoothly to high conversions at 0 and 60°C, the reaction showing a high G (monomer) value. Complete conversions were obtained with total doses of less than 0.05 Mrad. In accordance with the behavior expected of systems having a constant rate of initiation, the molecular weight was found to decrease with decreasing temperature. The molecular weight and particle size distributions were narrower than those obtained in chemically initiated emulsion polymerizations at the same temperature. The radiation-induced emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate proceeded smoothly at temperatures in the range 0-50°C to give polymers of much higher molecular weight than these obtained from chemically initiated polymerizations at the same temperature. Complete conversion was attained after a dose of 0.02 Mrad for latices approaching 50% solids. The elimination of ionic endgroups in the poly(vinyl acetate) radicals tends to drive the polymerization from the aqueous phase, resulting in faster rates and higher molecular weights than are obtained from chemically initiated systems. Rates of polymerization were found to be independent of temperature and the molecular weight of the polymer to be independent of dose rate. Latices of poly(vinyl acetate) of high solids content were evaluated for latex and film properties and found to have improvements over commercially available samples in both areas, especially in clarity of film and scrub resistance. A number of acrylate and maleate esters were copolymerized with vinyl acetate in a radiation-initiated emulsion system. High molecular weight copolymers were produced after low dose.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130607
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    Structural characterization of vulcanizates part X. Thiol-disulfide interchange for cleaving disulfide crosslinks in natural rubber vulcanizates (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1201-1214 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The thiol-disulfide exchange reaction is shown to be applicable to cleavage of disulfide crosslinks in accelerated sulfur vulcanizates of natural rubber. The reaction, in conjunction with the previously reported selective cleavage of polysulfide crosslinks, is used to determine the distribution of crosslink types for several accelerated sulfur vulcanization systems as a function of cure time. Discrepancies between the results and published results obtained using the reagent sodium di-n-butyl phosphite for disulfide crosslink cleavage are discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130609
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    Stress softening in elastomer blends (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1309-1318 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Compressive stress softening (Mullins effect) in black-filled vulcanizates of the blended system natural : nitrile : brominated butyl rubber has been investigated. The results are expressed in terms of parameters derived from successive stress-strain cycles. The ratio of the work done on loading in the first and second cycles is called the load work ration, Rw. A similar quantity, Rh, is defined for the loss or hysteresis work. Both load and loss work ratios show a compositional dependence similar to other properties of blends. The variation of Rw and Rh with composition agrees with the recent thesis of Mullins, Harwood, Payne and others that the Mullins effect is a property of the elastomer. Sudden variation of Rh with elongation has been interpreted in light of recent results of R. W. Smith as indicative of vacuole formation.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130618
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    The science and technology of polymer film. Vol. 1, Orville J. Sweeting, editor. Interscience, New York, 1968. XII + 887 pp. $35.00. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1327-1327 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130623
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    Treatise on adhesion and adhesives. Volume I: Theory. Robert L. Patrick, Editor. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1967. XI + 476 pp. $21.75. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1326-1326 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130622
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    Mechanisms of antioxidant action: Effects of sulfur compounds on the melt stability of polypropylene (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1329-1335 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effects of a number of sulfur compounds on the melt stability of polypropylene milled at 165°C have been studied. Dilaurylthiodipropionate (DLTP), Mercaptobenzimidazole (MBI), and Mercaptobenzthiazole (MBT) are all antioxidiants in a polymer lightly stabilized with a phenolic antioxidant although the last two are initially pro-oxidants. 2,2′-Dibenzoylaminodiphenyldisulfide (22BDD) is a pro-oxidant under the Conditions studied.In the absence of a phenolic antioxidant the effectiveness of DLTP is reduced in the early stages of oxidation, with increasing concentration although its over all antioxidant activity increases. The results are consistent with the view that both radical and non-radical processes occur concomitantly.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130701
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    Several reactions of poly(vinyl alcohol)-type acetaldehyde polymer (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1337-1351 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The preparation of the acetaldehyde polymers (PACH) having a poly(vinyl alcohol)-type structure and the thermal degradation of PACH have been reported previously. This paper will describe detailed aspects of several reactions of PACH. Copolymerization of PACH with toluene diisocyanate (TDI) was performed both thermally and catalytically. When piperidine was used as catalyst, the rate of reaction between PACH and TDI was found to depend on the concentration of both the active hydrogen of PACH and the isocynante group TDI. Acid and alkali treatment of PACH were carried out. On treatment with sulfuric acid, white polymers with good spinnability were obtained. The copolymerization of acetaldehyde with n-butylaldehyde were performed in the presence of sodium amalgam as catalyst. The reaction products were colorless, viscous liquids and assumed from the infrared and NMR spectra, elemental analyses, molecular weight and solubility tests to be aldol condensation-type copolymers.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130702
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    Rate effects in the measurement of polymer transitions by differential scanning calorimetry (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1373-1380 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Depending on heating rate, differences as large as 15°C in polymer transition temperatures may be observed in DCS measurements. A heat transfer analysis of the method shows that this rate dependence is a result of a lag in the heat path to the test sample and lag in heat transfer within the sample. Experiments confirmed the analysis. Methods for obtaining the correct values of transition temperatures are given.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130704
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    The continuous synthesis of addition polymers with a pricesely controlled average molecular weight and minimum polydispersity (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1353-1371 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A novel technique for the control of continuous synthesis of addition polymers with precisely controlled average molecular weight and minimum polydispersity has been developed. A control system adjusts the concentration of chain-transfer agent in the reactor feed to compensate for all other upsets, in the reactor inputs: initiator and monomer concentrations, temperature and feed rate. The technique has been evaluated quantitatively on a digital computer using a kinetic model of homogeneous, free-radical solution polymerization. In computational tests, the modeled control system generally held the instantaneous number-average chain length within 1%, and quickly returned it to the desired value in response to a wide variety of upsets. By generalizing the Schulz distributions to include termination by disproportionation, combination and chain-transfer, it is shown that changes in the molecular-weight distribution resulting from the action of the control system are minor.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    Polymer reactors and molecular weight distribution. VIII. A method of interpreting skewed GPC chromatograms (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1381-1419 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A new-method of interpreting GPC chromatograms which accounts for skewing and symmetrical axial dispersion has been developed. General relationships for a symmetrical axial dispersion correction and for a skewing correction are derived.The method has been verified experimentally for unimodal chromatograms and linear calibration curves over a wide range of GPC operating conditions, polymer molecular weights and polydispersities. Measurements of h and skewing factors were obtained by a once-through technique. The need for performing reverse flow experiments has been eliminated. Artificial oscillations in the corrected chromatogram due to step size (Method of Pierce-Armonas), and to number of terms in a polynomial expansion (Method of Tung and Method of Smith) are eliminated.The method has yet to be evaluated for nonlinear calibration curves and multi-modal distributions. However, suggestions for its application in these circumstances are presented.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130705
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    The photo-oxidation of polypropylene: Some effects of molecular orderN.R.C.C. No. 10912. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1447-1458 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Fractional crystallization was used to separate a commercial, predominatly isotactice, unstabilized polypropylene into fractions of relatively low and relatively high atacticity, but of similar molecular weight. IR spectroscopy was used to follow the photo-oxidations of films formed from these fractions during irradiation in air with light of wavelengths greater than 3000 À. The major oxidation products included hydrogenbond hydroperoxides and carbonyl compounds. Films of constant tacticity, but varying morphology were prepared by quenching from the melt. No distinct correlation was found between sample photostability and morphology, as indicated by film density. Films of low atactic content were found to undergo faster photo-oxidation than films of high atactic content, irradiated under identical conditions. This effect is believed to be due to the occurrence of a stereo-dependent step (or steps) in the oxidative chain, and not due to differences in sample morphology. The possible nature of the stereo-dependent steps is considered in terms of well-established oxidative chain processes. The effects of polypropylene polymorphism on oxygen permeability are briefly considered.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130708
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    Anodisches Verhalten und Korrosion von Titan in methanolischen Lösungen (1969)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 20 (1969), S. 199-205 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Anodic behaviour and corrosion of titanium in methanolic solutionsThe anodic behaviour of titanium in methanolic solutions containing halides or water in various concentrations has been investigated and the result were compared with the result obtained by corrosion tests performed on „U“ bend specimens in similar solutions. Polarization curves can predict the susceptibility to titanium to stress corrosion cracking as in the case the metal surface is not passivable. These conditions can be obtained in the presence of low water content (i.e. 0.1% H2O) and of activating ions as Cl- and Br- even in very small concentration (105-, 104- M). Presence of higher water contents and/or of F- or I- ions can to some extent produce passivation of the metal surface and cracking does not occur. A lower water amount in the solution (i.e. 130 ppm) eliminates any possibility of passivation of the metal surface, so that cracking can occur even in the absence of chlorides or bromides. High Cl- concentration in the solution. (i.e. 0.1 M NaCl + 0.1% H2O) can produce intergranular attack even in the absence of applied stress.
    Notes: Untersucht wurde das anodische Verhalten von Ti in halidhaltigen methanolischen Lösungen (bzw. in Methanol mit Wasser in verschiedenen Konzentrationen); die Ergebnisse wurden verglichen mit den Ergebnissen, die mit U-förmigen Proben in ähnlichen Lösungen erhalten worden waren. Polarisationskurven ermöglichen Aussagen über Anfälligkeit von Ti für Spannungsrißkorrosion, da die Metalloberfläche in diesem Falle nicht passivierbar ist. Die Voraussetzungen hierfür sind niedriger Wassergehalt (z.B.0,1%) und Anwesenheit aktivierender Ionen (z.B. Chlorid oder Bromid) auch in sehr geringen Konzentrationen (10-5 oder 10-4m). Höhere Wassergehalte oder/und Anwesenheit von Fluoriden und Jodiden können die Metalloberfläche in gewissem Umfang passivieren, so daß dann keine Rißbildung eintritt. Sehr niedrige Wassergehalte in der Lösung (z. B. 130 ppm) unterbinden die Passivierung in der Metalloberfläche, so daß auch in Abwesenheit von Chloriden oder Bromiden Rißbildung eintreten kann. Hohe Chloridkonzentrationen (z. B. 0,1 m NaCl + 0,1% Wasser) können auch ohne mechanische Belastung zu interkristallinem Angriff führen.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19690200304
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    Elektrochemische Untersuchung von inhibitorhaltigen Lösungen für zeitweiligen Korrosionsschutz (1969)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 20 (1969), S. 206-208 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Electro-chemical examination of solutions containing inhibitors for temporary corrosion protectionThe products of lubricant type hitherto mainly used for temporary corrosion protection are increasingly superseded by aqueous solutions. Potentiostatic examinations have shown that solutions containing ammonium oxalate, sodium oxalate or sodium nitrite  -  possibly with an admixture of starch or glycerine  -  are suitable for this purpose. The action mechanism shows fairly great differences. Whilst the inhibiting effect of sodium oxalate is confined to the cathodic reaction, the effect of ammonium oxalate also extends to the anodic reaction. Ammonium oxalate is much more effective than sodium nitrite. It has not yet been possible to establish with certainty whether the protective effect is due to the formation of an oxa-late film, or to the adsorption of the oxalate ions, or to the reaction with oxygen.
    Notes: Statt der bisher meist verwendeten schmierstoffähnlichen Produkte fü den zeitweiligen Korrosionsschutz finden zunehmend wäßrige Lösungen Anwendung. Potentiostatische Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, daß Lösungen mit Ammoniumoxalat, Natriumoxalat oder Natriumnitrit, gegebenenfalls mit Zusatz von Stärke oder Glycerin, für diesen Zweck geeignet sind. Der Wirkungsmechanismus ist ziemlich verschieden. Während Natriumoxalat nur die kathodische Reaktion inhibiert, erstreckt sich die Wirkung von Ammoniumoxalat ist dabei wesentlich wirksamer als Natriumnitrit. Ob die Schutzwirkung bedingt ist durch Bildung einer Oxalatschicht, Adsorption der Oxalation oder Bindung von Sauerstoff, konnte noch nicht eindeutig entschieden werden.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19690200305
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    Jahresbericht 1968 der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Korrosion (1969)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 20 (1969), S. 414-435 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19690200506
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    Eisenmetalle (1969)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 20 (1969), S. 454-469 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19690200511
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    Die Abhängigkeit der Spannungskorrosionsanfälligkeit vom Werkstoffzustand bei homogenen Kupfer-Zink-LegierungenVorgetragen auf der Diskussionstagung „Spannungsriß-korrosion“ der Europäischen Föderation Korrosion am 25./26. 4. 1968. (1969)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 20 (1969), S. 493-499 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Interdependence of stress corrosion susceptibility and structural state of homogeneous copper-zinc alloysExperimental investigations in ammoniacal solution of copper and ammonium sulfates have shown, that  -  with equal load ratio (σ/σ0,2 = 0,9)  -  CuZn alloys are less sensitive to stress corrosion cracking after recrystallizing annealing than after cold working. The sensitivity increases with increasing Zn content and appears to depend primarily from the dislocation structure: parallel structures are highly sensitive while increasing transition to cellular dislocation structure reduces stress corrosion susceptibility. In the cold worked alloy the crack geometry is predominantly transcrystalline, in the recrystallized state intercrystalline. Similar relations between dislocation structure and susceptibility seem to exist in the case of austenitic stainless steels.
    Notes: Untersuchungen in ammoniakalischer Lösung von Cu- und Ammoniumsulfat zeigen, daß  -  bei gleichem Beanspruchungsverhältnis (σ/σ0,2 = 0,9)  -  CuZn-Legierungen nach rekristallisierendem Glühen weniger anfällig für SpRK sind als nach Kaltverformung. Die Empfindlichkeit steigt mit zunehmendem Zn-Gehalt und scheint hauptsächlich von der Versetzungs-struktur abzuhängen: parallele Anordnungen sind hoch empfindlich, mit zunehmendem Übergang zu zellenförmiger Versetzungsstruktur nimmt die Empfindlichkeit ab. Im kaltverformten Zustand ist der Rißverlauf vorwiegend transkristallin, im rekristallisierten Zustand interkristallin. Für austenitische nichtrostende Stähle scheinen ähnliche Beziehungen zwischen Versetzungsstruktur und Anfälligkeit zu gelten.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    Über den Einfluß einer schwingenden Beanspruchung auf den Ablauf der interkristallinen Spannungsrißkorrosion (1969)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 20 (1969), S. 508-514 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The influence of dynamic stresses on the progress of intercrystalline stress corrosion crackingTests with steels sensitive and nonsensitive to stress corrosion cracking permit a seperation of the influences of static and dynamic stresses, respectively. The lightly alloyed steel resistant to stress corrosion does not lose its resistance even under dynamic stresses whilst the other steel, susceptible to stress without showing any recognisable correlation with the frequency. In the case of welded specimens, the service life is significantly reduced (mainly due to the overheating during welding). However, the resistance to dynamic stresses can be considerably by annealing at 800°C.
    Notes: Versuche mit einem gegen Spannungsrißkorrosion empfindlichen und einem unempfindlichen Stahl ermöglichen eine Trennung des Einflusses von statischer und schwingender Belastung. Der gegen Spannungsrißkorrosion beständige schwach legierte Stahl verliert seine Beständigkeit auch bei schwingender Beanspruchung nicht, während der gegen Spannungsrißkorrosion empfindliche Stahl auch bei schwingender Beanspruchung rasch zu Bruch geht, ohne daß eine Frequenzabhängigkeit zu beobachten ist. Im Falle geschweißter Proben ist die Lebensdauer deutlich herabgesetzt (wobei vor allem eine Überhitzung bein Schweißen eine Rolle spielt); die Beständigkeit gegen schwingende Beans pruchung kann jedoch durch Glühen bei 800°C beträchtlich erhöht werden.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    Werkstoffprüfverfahren und -einrichtungen (1969)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 20 (1969), S. 530-532 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19690200609
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    Patentschau (1969)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 20 (1969), S. 518-522 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19690200607
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    Mikroelektronik 3. (Manuskriptdruck der Vorträge zur 3. Mikroelektronik--Tagung in München [11. bis 13. 11. 1968]) Herausgegeben von L. Steipe. 730 Seiten (Lex.-8°), 405 Abbildungen, 16 Tabellen. R. Oldenbourg Verlag, München 8. Flex. Kunststoffeinband: 58, - DM (1969)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 20 (1969), S. 569-569 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19690200622
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    Das verhalten der stähle beim schweißen. Teil II: Anwendung. Von Obering. H. Wirtz. 204 Seiten, 93 Abb. und 59 Tafeln, Halbleinen DM 29,50. Deutscher Verlag für Schweißtechnik GmbH, Düsseldorf. Fachbuchreihe „Schweißtechnik“, Band 44/II (1969)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 20 (1969), S. 570-570 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19690200624
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    Personalnachrichten (1969)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 20 (1969), S. 570-570 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19690200626
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    Kurzreferate zu den Originalarbeiten (1969)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 20 (1969), S. XVIII 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19690200627
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    Nichteisenmetalle (1969)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 20 (1969), S. 817-827 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19690200912
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    Nichtmetallische anorganische Werkstoffe (1969)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 20 (1969), S. 827-830 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19690200913
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    Organische Werkstoffe (1969)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 20 (1969), S. 830-837 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19690200914
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    G. Keil: Schmierstoffe und Schmierungstechnik. (Hefte 31, 32, 33)  -  Format 14,7 × 21,5 cm (1968/69)  -  VEB Deutscher Verlag f. Grundstoffindustrie, Leipzig  -  brosch.: je Heft 4, -  DM (1969)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 20 (1969), S. 838-838 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19690200916
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    Metall-Entfettung und -Reinigung.  -  Herausg.: R. Weiner  -  2. Aufl. (1969)  -  Band 7 der Schriftenreihe „Galvanotechnik“  -  308 Seit., 130 Abb. u. 21 Tab.  -  E. G. Leuze Verlag, Saulgau/Wttbg.  -  gebunden und celloph.: 32, - DM (1969)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 20 (1969), S. 837-837 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19690200915
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    F. Dokter  -  J. Steinhauer: Digitale Elektronik in der Meßtechnik und Datenverarbeitung.  -  Band I: Theoretische Grundlagen und Schaltungstechnik  -  271 Seit., 225 Abbild., 14 Fotos (8°)  -  (1969)  -  Deutsche Philips GmbH, Verlags-Abteilung, Hamburg  -  Ganzln. m. Schutzumschlag: 34, -  DM (1969)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 20 (1969), S. 838-838 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19690200917
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    Kurzreferate zu den Originalarbeiten (1969)
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 20 (1969), S. XXIX 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19690200920
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    Der Einfluß fester Korrosionsprodukte auf den KorrosionsmechanismusHerrn Prof. Dr. W. Feitknecht zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet (1969)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 20 (1969), S. 991-995 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The influence of solid corrosion products on the corrosion mechanismOn the basis of general notions of a model of corrosion phenomena at superficially heterogeneous electrodes, the attempt is made to develop a general system for such phenomena. The considerations are based on the physical separation of the anodic and cathodic reaction ranges when solid corrosion products are formed. In this context, the following cases are discussed:  -  Corrosion accompanied by the formation of a cover layer in water or in an inert salt solution; formation of a single corrosion product and destruction of the oxide film formed through contact with air; corrosion accompanied by the formation of several corrosion products; relationships between corrosion products and shifts in the rest potential.
    Notes: Aufgrund von allgemeinen Modellvorstellungen über Korrosionsvorgänge an oberflächlich heterogenen Elektroden wird versucht, ein allgemeines System für derartige Vorgänge zu entwickeln. Grundlage der Betrachtung ist die räumliche Trennung des anodischen und kathodischen Reaktionsbereiches bei Bildung fester Korrosionsprodukte. In diesem Zusammenhang werden die folgenden Fälle erörtert: Korrosion unter Deckschichtbildung im Wasser oder Inertsalzlösung; Bildung eines einzigen Korrosionsproduktes und Zerstörung der an Luft entstandenen Oxidschicht; Korrosion unter Bildung mehrerer Korrosionsprodukte; Zusammenhänge zwischen Korrosionsprodukten und Verschiebungen des Ruhepotentials.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19690201202
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    Einfluß der chemischen Zusammensetzung auf die Kinetik der atmosphärischen Korrosion von Stählen (1969)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 20 (1969), S. 999-1004 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The influence of the chemical composition on the kinetics of the atmospheric corrosion of steelA total of 19 different structural steels were exposed to urban, rural and industrial atmospheres for periods up to three years. The evaluation of the weight losses determind at certain intervals permitted the establishment of a linear relationship which can be used for assessing, within certain limits of concentration, the influence of specific alloying elements. The tests showed that the effects of the different alloys varies with the type of atmosphere and with the degree of corrosion, and may well shift from “favourable” to “detrimental”. The results are also influenced by the quantitative ratios of certain components. The corrosion behavior of the steels is consistently governed by P, S and Cu and, to a lesser extent, by C and Mn.
    Notes: Insgesamt 19 Baustähle wurden in Stadt-, Land- und Industrieatmosphäre bis zu 3 Jahre lang exponiert. Die Auswertung der zu verschiedenen Zwischenzeiten bestimmten Gewichtsverluste ermöglichte die Aufstellung einer linearen Beziehung, mit welcher sich  -  innerhalb bestimmter Konzentrationsgrenzen  -  der Einfluß einzelner Legierungszusätze feststellen läßt. Bei den Versuchen wurde gefunden, daß die Wirkung der einzelnen Zusätze je nach Atmosphäre und Korrosionsstadium verschieden ist und sich sogar von günstig nach ungünstig verschieben kann; hierbei spielen auch Mengenverhältnisse zwischen bestimmten Komponenten eine Rolle. Entscheidend für das Korrosionsverhalten der Stähle sind durchweg P, S, Cu sowie daneben C und Mn.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19690201204
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    Aus Industrie und Technik (1969)
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 20 (1969), S. 1016-1016 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19690201207
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    Anwendung der röntgenografischen Verbundanalyse bei der Schadenaufklärung (1969)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 20 (1969), S. 1005-1012 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Application of composite radiographical methods of analysis to the investigation of cases of damageOn the strength of numerous examples, it is shown that the combination of the X-ray fluroescence analysis with the X-ray microstructure analysis represents an important aid in investigating cases of damage as the corrosion products are analyzed not only in regard to their composition but also in regard to the type of compound. The following causes of corrosion have been diagnosed in this way:  -  Sedimentation of catalyst particles and of entrained dissolved products from the boiler water; temperature below condensation point; effects of potassium sulphate and/or aluminium ortho-arsenate or of vanadium compounds from fuel oil; wet cleaning with ammonia water before commissioning a boiler; effect of alkali and alkaline earth oxides on the brick lining of a combustion chamber; deficiency of iron sulphate as a cause of deficient cover layers on brass; effect on galvanized parts of the HCL formed during the combustion of PVC.
    Notes: An zahlreichen Beispielen wird gezeigt, daß die Kombination von Röntgenfluoreszenz- und Röntgenfeinstrukturanalyse ein wichtiges Hilfsmittel bei der Untersuchung von Schadensfällen darstellt, da die Korrosionsprodukte nicht nur hinsichtlich ihrer Zusammensetzung analysiert werden, sondern auch hinsichtlich ihres Verbindungstyps. Als Korrosionsursachen wurden dabei diagnostiziert: Ablagerungen von Katalysatorabrieb und von mitgerissenen gelösten Produkten aus Kesselwasser; Taupunktunterschreitung; Wirkung von Kaliumsulfat und/oder Aluminiumorthoarsenat bzw. von Vanadiumverbindungen aus Heizöl; Naßreinigung mit Ammoniakwasser vor Inbetriebnahme eines Kessel; Wirkung von Alkali- und Erdalkalioxiden auf die Ausmauerung einer Brennkammer; Fehlen von Eisensulfat als Ursache von mangelhaften Deckschichten auf Messing; Wirkung der bei der Verbrennung von PVC entstehenden HCL auf verzinkte Bauteile.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    Umschau (1969)
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 20 (1969), S. 1017-1018 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19690201208
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    Patentschau (1969)
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 20 (1969), S. 1018-1026 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19690201209
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    Werkstoffverhalten und Werkstoffeigenschaften (1969)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 20 (1969), S. 1027-1028 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19690201210
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    Werkstoffprüfverfahren und -einrichtungen (1969)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 20 (1969), S. 1028-1030 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19690201211
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  • 87
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    Inhibierung der Korrosion von Eisen in Säuren mit Hilfe von organischen Schwefelverbindungen (1969)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 20 (1969), S. 1012-1015 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Inhibition of iron corrosion in acid with the aid of organic sulphur compoundsTests were carried out with Armco-iron in 1 n 10%-aqueous ethanol sulphate with the addition of n-butyl, s-butyl, n-hexyl, n-octyl, n-decyl, benzyl and phenylmercaptane, o- and m-thiokresol. The purpose was to determine the inhibition effect on the loss of weight and on the embrittlement through hydrogen adsorption. The inhibition effect is probably governed by adsorption via a free pair of sulphur electrons. The sulphur charge is therefore the controlling factor which also explains the effect of the chain length which affects the electron density at the sulphur. The inhibition effect has a maximum with C8 whilst, with larger chains, a screen effect is again apparent. The adsorption of hydrogen is first stimulated by low inhibitor concentrations, and later inhibited. But there is no clear correlation between the effect on corrosion and that on hydrogen adsorption.
    Notes: Versuche rnit Armco-Eisen in 1 n schwefelsaurem 10%igem wäßrigem Äthanol unter Zusatz won n-Butyl-, s-Butyl-, t-Butyl-, n-Hexyl-, n-Octyl-, n-Decyl-, Benzyl- und Phenylmercaptan, o- und m-Thiokresol. Bestimmt wurde die Hemmwirkung auf den Gewichtsverlust und auf die Versprödung durch Wasserstoffaufnahme. Die Hemmwirkung ist wahrscheinlich bedingt durch Adsorption über ein freies Elektronenpaar des Schwefels. Die Ladung am Schwefel ist daher der kontrollierende Faktor; daraus erklärt sich auch die Wirkung der Kettenlänge, welche die Elektronendichte am Schwefel verändert. Die Wirksamkeit der Inhibitoren erreicht bei C8 ein Maximum, während bei längeren Ketten wieder eine Abschirmung auftritt. Die Aufnahme von Wasserstoff wird durch geringe Inhibitorkonzentrationen stimuliert, später gehemmt, doch entsteht keine eindeutige Beziehung zwischen der Wirkung auf die Korrosion und auf die Wasserstoffaufnahme.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19690201206
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    Eisenmetalle (1969)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 20 (1969), S. 1030-1033 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19690201212
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    Kurzzeichen von Technischen Gremien, Wirtschaftsvereinigungen, Normeninstitutionen u. a. 3. Aufl. (1969), 5000 Stichworte, 343 Seiten. Herausgeb.: Zentralverband der Elektrotechnischen Industrie e. V. (ZVEI). Verlag W. Sachon, Mindelheim. Geb. 16, -  DM (1969)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 20 (1969), S. 1050-1050 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19690201228
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    Kurzreferate zu den Originalarbeiten (1969)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 20 (1969), S. XLI 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19690201230
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  • 91
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    Eisenmetalle (1969)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 20 (1969), S. 139-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19690200214
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  • 92
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    Aus Industrie und Technik (1969)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 20 (1969), S. 131-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19690200212
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  • 93
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    Über den beschleunigenden Einfluß von Schwefeldioxid und Wasser auf die atmosphärische Korrosion von verrosteten Eisen (1969)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 20 (1969), S. 216-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The accelerating effect of sulphur dioxide and water on the atmospheric corrosion of rusty ironThe atmospheric corrosion process of rusty steel was observed in the laboratory in an atmosphere with 1, 10 and 100 p.p.m. SO2, respectively, at a temperature of 30°C. It was found that the correlation of the corrosion rate with humidity can, in the range between critical humidity and nearly 100 per cent. Relative humidity, be represented by a rising quadratic parabolic equation. The differences in the three SO2 concentrations had no influence on the corrosion kinetics, which is explained by the fact that, under the testing conditions, the rust was fully saturated with SO42-. On the strength of these and earlier results, the authors submit a new working theory concerning the atmospheric corrosion of already rusty steel, introducing the theories of Heusler and Florianovitsch-Kolotyrkin into the sphere of atmospheric corrosion.
    Notes: Der atmosphärische Verrostungsprozeß von Stahl wurde im Laboratorium bei 1, 10 und 100 ppm SO2-Gehalt der Atmosphäre und 30°C an vorgerostetem Stahl verfolgt. Dabei wurde gefunden, daß die Feuchtigkeitsabhängigkeit der Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit im Gebiet zwischen kritischer bis zu annähernd 100°% rel. Feuchtigkeit einer steigenden quadratischen parabolischen Gleichung entspricht. Kein Einfluß der drei größenordnungsmäßig verschiedenen SO2-Konzentrationen auf die Korrosionskinetik wurde gefunden was durch Erreichung des Sättigungsgrades des Rostes an So42- bei den gegebenen Versuchsbedingungen erklärt wird. Aufgrund dieser und älterer Ergebnisse wird eine neue Hypothese über das atmosphärische Rosten von mit Rost bedecktem Stahl vorgeschlagen, welche die Mechanis-men von Heusler und Florianovitsch-Kolotyrkin in das Gebiet der atmosphärischen Korrosion einführt.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19690200307
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    Elektrochemische Meßmethoden zur Untersuchung der Spannungs- und SchwingungsrißkorrosionVorgetragen anläßlich der Tagung „Euromeskor  -  Meßtechnik im Korrosionsschutz“ (42. Veranstaltung der Europäischen Föderation Korrosion), Prag, 1. bis 4. 10. 1968. (1969)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 20 (1969), S. 209-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Electrochemical measuring methods for studying stress-corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigueAn apparatus is described for the investigation of local corrosion phenomena with simultaneous static and dynamic loading. The apparatus enables measurements to be made of potential variations in time, interdependance of current density and potential, and current density variation at constant potential. It is shown that stress corrosion cracking of carbon steel in boiling Ca(NO3)2, solution and of soft iron in NaOH is a clear local corrosion process. Analogous results are obtained with austenitic stainless steel in an activating medium. Corrosion fatigue of passive austenitic steels can be produced in SO, saturated water or in ferroammonium sulphate solution. Between corrosion fatigue and stress corrosion cracking there is a number of analogies but there are also differences. Stress corrosion cracking strongly depends from material composition but may be produced by almost any medium, while corrosion fatigue is possible in certain media only, but is not related with a particular metal composition.
    Notes: Beschrieben wird eine Apparatur zur Untersuchung örtlicher Korrosionserscheinungen bei gleichzeitiger statischer und dynamischer Werkstoffbeanspruchung. Die Apparatur ermöglicht die Messung von zeitlichen Potentialänderungen, der Abhängigkeit von Stromdichte und Potential und der Änderung der Stromdichte bei konstantem Potential. Es wird nachgewiesen, daß die Spannungsrißkorrosion von C-Stahl in Siedender Ca(NO3)2- Lösung und von Weicheisen in NaOH ein ausgesprochener Lokalkorrosionsvorgang ist. Für austenitische nichtrostende Stäble erhält man mit einem aktivierenden Medium analoge Ergebnisse. Schwingungsrißkorrosion passiver austenitischer Stähle kann in mit Schwefeldioxid gesättigtem Wasser oder Ferroammonsulfatlösung der- zeugt werden. Zwischen Schwingungsrißkorrosion und Spannungsrißkorrosion be- stehen zahlreiche Analogien, doch auch Unterschiede. Spannungsrißkorrosion ist stark abhängig von der Werkstoffzusam-mensetzung, kann jedoch durch fast jedes dien möglich ist, jedoch an keine bestimmte rißkorrosion ist nur in bestimmten Medien möglich, ist jedoch an keine bestimmte Metallzusammensetzung gebunden.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19690200306
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    Untersuchungen über den Ablauf der Spannungsrißkorrosion an austenitischen Chrom-Nickel-Stählen in Magnesiumchloridlösung Mitteilung aus dem Forschungsinstitut der Mannesmann AG (1969)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 20 (1969), S. 379-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigation into the cinetics of stress corrosion cracking of austenitic chromium-nickel steels in magnesium chloride solutionExperimental investigation with the steels (German designation) W.-Nr. 4301 (X5CrNi18 9), 4401 (X5CrNiMo18 10), 4449 (X5CrNiMo17 13), 4541 (X10CrNiTi18 9), 4550 (X10CrNiNb18 9) and 4580 (X10CrNiMoNb18 10) in 42% MgCl2 solution at 144 and 130°C. The known distribution of stress corrosion cracking between an incubation and a crack propagation period has been confirmed (the first taking about 10% of the whole specimen life). The cracking rate is proportional to the potential at the base of the crack which, in turn, depends from the surface potential. Nb and Ti have no bearing on the cracking rate. Addition of Mo displaces to more noble potentials the potential limit below which there is no stress corrosion cracking and reduces cracking rates when differences between the potential limit and a given potential are equal. The influence of temperature is restricted to the crack propagation period. A co-action of increasing Ni contents in connection with the Mo addition cannot be excluded.
    Notes: Versuche mit den Stählen Werkstoff-Nr. 4301 (X5CrNi18 9), 4401 (X5CrNiMo18 10), 4449 (X5CrNiMo17 13), 4541 (X10CrNiTi18 9), 4550 (X 10CrNiNb18 9) und 4580 (X 10CrNiMoNb18 10) in 42%iger MgCl2-Lösung bie 144 und 130°C. Die bekannte Aufteilung der Spannungsrißkorrosion in eine Inkubations- und eine Reißperiode wurde bestätigt (Anteil der ersten an der Gesamtstandzeit 10%). Die Reißgeschwindigkeit ist der Spannung am Rißgrund proportional, wobei diese wieder vom Oberflächenpotential abhängt. Nb und Ti beeinflussen die Reißgeschwindigkeit nicht. Zusatz von Mo verschiebt das Grenzpotential, unterhalb dessen keine Spannungsrißkorrosion mehr auftritt, zu edleren Potentialen und setzt  -  bei gleicher Differenz zwischen dem Grenzpotential und einem gegebenen Potential  -  die Rißgeschwindigkeit herab. Der Einfluß der Temperatur beschränkt sich auf die Reißperiode. Eine Mitwirkung steigender Ni-Gehalte in Verbindung mit dem Mo-Zusatz ist nicht auszuschließen.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19690200502
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    Passivierungsverhalten und Spannungsrißkorrosion von Eisen-Mangan-Chrom-Legierungen in Natriumchlorid-Lösung (1969)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 20 (1969), S. 396-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Passivation behaviour and stress corrosion cracking of iron-maganese-chromium alloys in sodium chloride solutionElectrochemical experiments with MnCr steels (20-28% Mn, up to 12% Cr) in 3% NaCl solution. High Mn contents reduce the passivation tendency, while increasing Cr contents broaden the range of passivity. The formation of surface layers is due primarily to a direct reaction with the solution (good adhesion, high protective value) and, secondarily, to precipitation from the solution (porosity, low protective value). The tendency to form secondary layers increases as the Cr content is reduced. In oxygen containing solution there is a pronounced corrosion in the pitting range. At low Cr contents, stress corrosion cracking is mostly transcrystalline, at higher Cr contents (8-12%) it is intercrystalline, in particular when Cr carbide precipitations are present at the grain boundaries. In the range of transcrystalline corrosion the susceptibility to selective corrosion extends beyond the pitting potential. At higher Cr contents there may be pitting without any indication of stress corrosion cracking.
    Notes: Electrochemische Versuche mit MnCr-Stählen (20-28% Mn, bis 12% Cr) in 3% NaCl. Hohe Mn-Gehalte verringern die Passivierungsneigung, während steigende Cr-Gehalte den Passivitätsbereich verbreitern. Die Deckschichtbildung erfolgt hierbei primär durch direkte Reaktion mit der Lösung (gute Haftung, hoher Schutzwert), sekundär durch Ausfällen aus der Lösung (Porosität, geringer Schutzwert). Die Neigung zur Bildung sekundärer Schichten steigt mit abnehmendem Cr-Gehalt. In sauer-stoffhaltigen Lösungen tritt ausgeprägte Korrosion im Lochfraßbereich auf. Bei niedrigen Cr-Gehalten verläuft Spannungsrißkorrosion meist transkristallin, bei höheren Cr-Gehalten (8-12%) interkristallin, besonders wenn an den Korngrenzen Auscheidungen von Cr-Carbid vorliegen. Im transkristallinen Korrosionsbereich ist die Anfälligkeit für selektive Korrosion über das Lochfraßpotential hinaus erweitert. Bei höheren Cr-Gehalten kann Lochfraß auftreten, ohne daß Anzeichen einer Spannungsriß-korrosion vorliegen.
    Additional Material: 33 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19690200504
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    Kommen oberflächliche Deckschichten und Materialversprödungen als Ursachen für das Auftreten von Spannungsrißkorrosion in Betracht (1969)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 20 (1969), S. 408-413 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Could surface layers and material embrittlement be among the causes of stress corrosion cracking?Neither the hypothesis claiming rupture of the surface layer nor the embrittlement theory yield a sufficiently consistent explanation of the susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking, since the latter can occurr even in the absence of such layers (e.g. brass in copper nitrate and copper tetrammine salts). An indispensable condition for stress corrosion cracking to occurr is the possibility that cathodically active zones are formed by corrosion products at crevices and cracks; such active zones amy be formed e.g. by Cu2O or by dissolved and redeposited noble metals. This phenomenon would also account for the specific action of certain agens: local formation or deposition of corrosion products which are not dissolved again (as e.g. noble metals may be dissolved with complex formation). The susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking is increased by mixed crystal formation, because this process enhances reactivity at grain boundaries, inner defects and creeping zones. In the case of alloys containing no noble metals, however, it is difficult, to predict susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking.
    Notes: Weder die Deckschicht-Aufreißhypothese noch die Versprödungstheorie bilden eine ausreichende Erklärung für Spannungsrißkorrosion, denn diese kann auch ohne Deckschichten auftreten (z. B. Messing in Cu Nitrat und Cu-Tetramminsalzen). Voraussetzung für Spannungsrißkorrosion ist vielmehr die Möglichkeit, daß and Rissen und Spalten kathodisch wirksame Bereiche aus Korrosionsprodukten vorliegen, z.B. von Cu-I-Oxid oder auch von gelösten und wieder abgelagerten Edelmetallen. Damit erklärt sich auch die spezifische Wirkung mancher Agentien: Örtliche Bildung bzw. Ablagerung von Korrosionsprodukten, die nicht wieder gelöst werden (Auflösung von Edelmetallen unter Kompolexbildung). Die Anfälligkeit für Spannungsrißkorrosion wird durch Mischkristallbildung gesteigert, da hierdurch das Reaktionsvermögen and Korngrezen, inneren Störstellen und fließenden Bereichen erhöht wird. Im Falle von edelmetallfreien Legierungen ist es schwierig, die Anfälligkeit für Spannungsrißkorrosion vorauszusagen.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19690200505
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    Patentschau (1969)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 20 (1969), S. 438-447 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19690200508
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    Aus Industrie und Technik (1969)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 20 (1969), S. 436-438 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19690200507
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    Werkstoffverhalten und Werkstoffeigenschaften (1969)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 20 (1969), S. 448-452 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19690200509
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