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  • Books
  • Articles  (15)
  • data processing  (15)
  • 1970-1974  (15)
  • Geosciences  (15)
  • Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
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  • Books
  • Articles  (15)
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  • Geosciences  (15)
  • Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
  • Mathematics  (15)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Statistical considerations for grain-size analyses of tills (1971)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 3 (1971), S. 227-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: classification ; data processing ; graphics ; mapping ; mathematics ; plotting ; sampling ; statistics ; sedimentology ; stratigraphy ; grain-size analysis ; textural analysis ; glacial geology ; Pleistocene stratigraphy ; till
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Relative percentages of sand, silt, and clay from samples of the same till unit are not identical because of different lithologies in the source areas, sorting in transport, random variation, and experimental error. Random variation and experimental error can be isolated from the other two as follows. For each particle-size class of each till unit, a standard population is determined by using a normally distributed, representative group of data. New measurements are compared with the standard population and, if they compare satisfactorily, the experimental error is not significant and random variation is within the expected range for the population. The outcome of the comparison depends on numerical criteria derived from a graphical method rather than on a more commonly used one-way analysis of variance with two treatments. If the number of samples and the standard deviation of the standard population are substituted in at-test equation, a family of hyperbolas is generated, each of which corresponds to a specific number of subsamples taken from each new sample. The axes of the graphs of the hyperbolas are the standard deviation of new measurements (horizontal axis) and the difference between the means of the new measurements and the standard population (vertical axis). The area between the two branches of each hyperbola corresponds to a satisfactory comparison between the new measurements and the standard population. Measurements from a new sample can be tested by plotting their standard deviation vs. difference in means on axes containing a hyperbola corresponding to the specific number of subsamples used. If the point lies between the branches of the hyperbola, the measurements are considered reliable. But if the point lies outside this region, the measurements are repeated. Because the critical segment of the hyperbola is approximately a straight line parallel to the horizontal axis, the test is simplified to a comparison between the means of the standard population and the means of the subsample. The minimum number of subsamples required to prove significant variation between samples caused by different lithologies in the source areas and sorting in transport can be determined directly from the graphical method. The minimum number of subsamples required is the maximum number to be run for economy of effort.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02045793
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A lithologic data-recording form for a computer-based well-data system (1972)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 4 (1972), S. 61-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: data processing ; data recording ; data files ; lithology ; petroleum ; stratigraphy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Well-data files maintained by petroleum companies and service companies are important sources of data for exploration geologists. To make these data readily accessible and useful for computer studies, three preliminary steps are necessary: (1) systematic data gathering and recording, (2) storage for ready retrieval, and (3) preparation of analysis programs. One important source of geologic data is lithologic descriptions of well cuttings and cores. The practical lithologic data-recording form described here is used routinely at the well site and in the laboratory. It is designed in an 80-column format and uses codes for lithologic characteristics, porosity, and hydrocarbon shows, and forms part of an integrated well-data file. This datarecording form has the advantages that descriptions are made according to a standardized format convenient to use at the well site, and the data are subsequently available in raw form relatively free from interpretive bias. A library of analysis and display programs can be assembled for utilization of the data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02083194
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some considerations in management of computer-processable files of geological data (1974)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 6 (1974), S. 291-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: data processing ; general geology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Many sets of data in the natural sciences have a hierarchical structure that is either inherent in the data or that is imposed on them during collection. These data structures can be defined using mathematical set-theory notation. If data from two or more computer-processable files are accessed simultaneously, the application of operations of set union and intersection leads to emergence of certain criteria which must be adhered to when managing data files using a generalized, database management system. One of the situations in which these principles come into play is illustrated by the merging of two computer-processable files of geotechnical data, the data for both files having been derived from the same source but structured differently.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02082353
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fortran IV program for grey-level mapping of spatial data (1971)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 3 (1971), S. 95-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: data processing ; mapping plotting ; statistics ; general geology ; geochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Afortran iv computer program for grey-level mapping of spatial data using a CDC 6600 is described. The program produces maps for irregularly distributed data in as many as 10 intensity levels which are displayed in grey tones by a lineprinter. Unlimited map size and unrestricted data input provide for as many as 5000 data points per 13-in.-wide strip of map. The program is easily modified for other installations. Examples are given of geochemical analyses of stream sediments in Northern Ireland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02045955
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Digital filtering as a tool for the study of some flysch deposits from the East Carpathians (Romania) (1972)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 4 (1972), S. 103-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: data processing ; graphics ; statistics ; sedimentology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Results from the application of digital filtering (simple and weighted averaging) to the analysis of sedimentary series are given. Two flysch sequences from the East Carpathians (Upper Eocene, Damacuşa Valley; and Lower Cretaceous, Sbrancani Valley) were studied. Individual components, affecting the conditions of deposition, were separated, and establishment of the geological significance of the components separated by digital filtering was investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02080296
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A statistical prediction technique for deriving contour maps from geophysical data (1973)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 5 (1973), S. 179-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: contouring ; data processing ; mapping ; mathematics ; plotting ; general geology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A technique for preparing contour maps is presented which has particular applicability for geophysical data. This technique derives from the assumption that each measured value is a sample from a statistical distribution which is taken to be valid in the area around that sample location. This distribution may be specified in the manner which best defines the relationship between the data and its spatial environment. Extending this principle to cover all areas to be mapped, and not just those measured, it is possible to predict values over a grid array of locations and hence to produce a contour map. Inherent in this simple procedure is: (i) the ability to adjust to the nature of the data being contoured; (ii) the elimination of edge effects; (iii) visual indication of the relative accuracy with which contours are located, at all points of the map; (iv) the automatic downgrading of data values which are in error; (v) the ability to contour combinations of measured data values without compounding errors; and (vi) a relatively simple extension to data spatially distributed in three dimensions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02111894
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface temperature history determination from borehole measurements (1973)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 5 (1973), S. 269-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: data processing ; improperly posed problem ; numerical analysis ; geophysics ; heat-flow ; surface-temperature history
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract All methods proposed to date for the determination of surface temperature history from temperature profiles measured in boreholes are based on the assumption that the borehole is a hole in a semiinfinite homogeneous earth of constant diffusivity κ, and more or less ignore the fact that the mathematical formulation for this problem is improperly posed. This assumption, which frequently represents a gross oversimplification of the situation, was originally introduced as a computational expedient. We propose a computational procedure which is independent of this assumption and takes the improperly posed nature of the problem into account. The essence of the method is: (a) determine the set of borehole profiles corresponding to a given set of linearly independent surface temperature history functions, and then (b) take the coefficients of the least-squares fit of these borehole profiles to the given borehole data as the coefficients in the linear combination of surface temperature history functions which defines the required approximation to the surface temperature history. An analogous procedure can be used to determine the lower boundary condition for the heat-flow problem if the surface-temperature history is assumed to be known. Results of numerical experimentation are used to indicate the extent to which the method is viable in practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02111814
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Broken-line and complex frequency distributions (1971)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 3 (1971), S. 135-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: data processing ; plotting ; statistics ; geochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Broken straight lines on probability paper have been proposed as representing the cumulative probability distributions of SiO2, Na, and Cl in certain plutons. This corresponds to pairs of complementarily truncated normal or lognormal distributions. It is shown that alternative representations, such as pairs of overlapping complete normal or lognormal distributions, yield fits equally acceptable statistically if the sample selection is random. The method also yields a good description of distributions described as “complex.” Computer methods of optimizing the free parameters are used; significance testing is discussed in some detail. It is stressed that although significance testing is helpful, it can neither relieve the geochemist of the burden nor take from him the privilege of being independent, and forming his opinion on the total evidence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02045957
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction of lithologic-log data to numbers for use in the digital computer (1971)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 3 (1971), S. 79-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: data processing ; stratigraphy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The development of a standardized system for conveniently coding lithologic-log data for use in the digital computer has long been needed. The technique suggested involves a reduction of the original written alphanumeric log to a numeric log by use of computer programs. This numeric log can then be retrieved as a written log, interrogated for pertinent information, or analyzed statistically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02047434
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On smoothing techniques for the removal of periodic noise of known period (1971)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 3 (1971), S. 157-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: data processing ; Fourier analysis ; moving average ; time series
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper is concerned with the analysis of the linear modely(n)=Xβ(n)+S(n)+γ(n) for the data sequencey(n) (n=1, 2, ..., N) whereX={x IJ} is a knownJ × M matrix of full rankM. Here, theβ(n) are unknown vectors, which we wish to estimate for eachn; S(n) (n=1, 2, ..., N) is a periodic component (which we wish to estimate or remove) superimposed on the linear structureXβ(n); andγ(n) is an error vector which is specified as having zero expectation (with possible further properties). Such models commonly occur in geophysical data analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02045958
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