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  • ASTROPHYSICS
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
  • ddc:330
  • 1970-1974  (633)
Collection
Keywords
Years
Year
  • 101
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    Lunar gravity - Apollo 16 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Reduction of Doppler radio tracking of the orbiting spacecraft has shown consistency with Apollo 14 data results and has revealed new gravity anomalies. Large craters are negative anomalies while wrinkle ridge regions are positive. The Central highlands are mostly a positive anomaly except for the Apollo 16 landing site, which is in a negative area. A gravity high northwest of Theophilus is not easily explained.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: The Moon; 11; Sept
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  • 102
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    Weak interstellar lines in the visible spectrum of zeta Ophiuchi (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Oct. 1
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  • 103
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    Minor planets and related objects. XVI - Polarimetric diameters (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Polarimetric observations of 43 asteroids are presented. All objects show a well-developed negative polarization branch as an indicator of unconsolidated surface regoliths. The empirical slope-albedo law for diffusely reflecting solid surfaces is reexamined and used to compute polarimetric albedos and diameters for 30 asteroids. In many cases the results are in good agreement with infrared-radiometric diameters; the older visual diameter measurements were systematically too small. Radiometric albedos below 5%, however, are not confirmed by the polarimetry. Bimodal frequency distributions are noted for asteroid color, albedo, and the depth of the negative polarization branch. Correlations between B - V color and polarimetric parameters suggest that most of the asteroid population can be divided into silicaceous and carbonaceous opacity classes.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astronomical Journal; 79; Oct. 197
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  • 104
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    Cratering on Mars. I - Cratering and obliteration history. II Implications for future cratering studies from Mariner 4 reanalysis (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: It is pointed out that Mars is especially well adapted to statistical studies of crater morphologies for deciphering its geological history. A framework for understanding planetary geomorphological histories from the diameter-frequency relations of different morphological classes of craters described by Chapmam et al. (1970) is extended in order to understand Martian cratering, erosional, and depositional history. The cratering-obliteration history derived is compared with global interpretations considered by Hartman (1973) and Soderblom et al. (1974). An idealized dust-filling model is employed.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus; 22; July 197
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  • 105
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    On the theory of thermal runaway in the hydrogen envelope of a white dwarf (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An evolutionary sequence was calculated for a white dwarf on which a hydrogen rich envelope is assumed to increase with time. The stellar models were computed by integrating numerically the system of stellar structure equations by means of the Henyey method. The accretion of matter was assumed to be quasi-static. Near the point of the chemical discontinuity, a temperature maximum is shown to arise, and hydrogen ignites; a thin shell energy source is formed which is thermally unstable. The resulting thermal runaway was investigated numerically and by means of a simple approximation based on the energy balance in the hydrogen burning shell source.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrometrics and Astrophysics, No. 17 (NASA-TT-F-15768); p 1-55
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  • 106
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    Estimates of the Venus atmosphere optical characteristics with application to the problem of photographing its clouds and surface (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Optical parameters investigated and solved for included: (1) cloud layer albedo and cloud cover optical thickness; (2) planetary surface self-radiation influence; (3) light flux distribution as function of atmospheric height; (4) upper estimate of the observed contrasts; (5) surface optical parameters; and (6) contrast decrease with altitude.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Space Iconics (NASA-TT-F-798); p 121-135
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  • 107
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    Applicability of the diffusion approximation (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Several methods using an approximate form of the scattering indicatrix are discussed for simplifying the calculation of radiation transport in planetary atmospheres.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Space Iconics (NASA-TT-F-798); p 75-84
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  • 108
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    Determination of the landing point and orientation of a spacecraft on Mars (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Formulas are presented to calculate the landing point of a spacecraft on Mars. The areographic latitude is taken as the angle between a plumb line at the landing point and the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of Mars relative to the sun. The ephemeral time of the upper culmination of the sun at the landing point is used to determine areographic longitude. A coupled system and a topocentric system of coordinates are introduced to develop the first series of equations. Both errors which are independent random quantities and systematic errors are considered, as well as the influence of the distance of the landing point from the boundary of the area of polar night.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Equipment for Space Res. (NASA-TT-F-785); p 1-22
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  • 109
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    Feldspar basalts in lunar soil and the nature of the lunar continents (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: It is found that 25% on the Apollo-14 glasses have the same composition as the glasses in two samples taken from the Luna-16 column. The compositions are equivalent to feldspar basalt and anorthosite gabbro, and are similar to the feldspar basalts identified from Surveyor-7 analysis for lunar continents.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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  • 110
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    Lyman-alpha imagery of Comet Kohoutek (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Electrographic imagery of Comet Kohoutek in the 1100-1500 A wavelength range was obtained from a sounding rocket on Jan. 8, 1974, and from the Skylab space station on 13 occasions between Nov. 26, 1973 and Feb. 2, 1974. These images are predominantly due to Lyman-alpha (1216 A) emission from the hydrogen coma of the comet. The rocket pictures have been calibrated for absolute sensitivity and a hydrogen production rate has been determined. However, the Skylab camera suffered degradation of its sensitivity during the mission, and its absolute sensitivity for each observation can only be estimated by comparison of the comet images with those taken by the rocket camera, with imagery of the geocoronal Lyman-alpha glow, of the moon in reflected Lyman-alpha, and of ultraviolet-bright stars. The rocket and geocoronal comparisons are used to derive a preliminary, qualitative history of the development of the cometary hydrogen coma and the associated hydrogen production rate.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Icarus; 23; Dec. 197
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  • 111
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    Interpretation of the anti-tail of Comet Kohoutek as a particle flow phenomenon (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The appearance of a 'sunward' spike, opposite in apparent orientation to the normal Type-II tail in Comet Kohoutek is interpreted as evidence for large particles ejected near perihelion. It is shown that the shape and orientation can be satisfactorily explained in this manner, after consideration of the increased mass flow at decreasing heliocentric distance. The apparent length of the spike can be a measure of the particle size and density, and a value of about 0.004 g/sq cm for the product of particle size and density fits the Skylab observations.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Icarus; 23; Dec. 197
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  • 112
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    A comment on gamma ray lines from He-4 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: It is pointed out that excited states of He-4 cannot produce gamma ray line emission of astrophysical significance, contrary to a recent suggestion of Reina et al. (1974). The only possible gamma-ray lines in He-4 are above 25 MeV, but their excitation cross sections appear to be so small that they are probably of little astrophysical significance.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astronomy and Astrophysics; 36; 2, No; Nov. 197
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  • 113
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    Spectral behavior of Jupiter near 1 MHz (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Emission from Jupiter has been observed by the IMP-6 spacecraft at 25 frequencies between 425 and 9900 kHz covering the period April 1971 to October 1972. The Jovian bursts were identified through the phase of the observed modulated signal detected from the spinning dipole antenna. Approximately 500 days of data have been scanned for Jupiter emissions with a positive detection of at least 382 events. The static spectral behavior of the emission has been investigated and can be divided naturally into three types. Type one (normal) shows a high correlation with earth-based observations and follows the same spectral behavior. These bursts are seldom detected much below 1 MHz. The second type (md-frequency) occurs near or below 1 MHz and shows low and high-frequency cutoffs. The emission peak is near 900 kHz with a 3 db bandwidth of approximately 450 kHz. A third type consists of a complex combination of the previous types.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 194; Dec. 15
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  • 114
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    Violation of the Vogt-Russell theorem for homogeneous nondegenerate stars (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A systematic study is made of the number and types of solutions of the equilibrium equations of stellar structure, in the case of homogeneous stars of Population I over the mass range 2-1000 solar masses, with four different opacity representations. A variant of the usual fitting method permits the simultaneous investigation of convergence and tendency toward multiplicity of the solutions. Quadratic interpolation and extrapolation of Carson's new opacity tables produces a very large opacity at low temperatures that greatly affects the loose outer layers of massive stars, while leaving the cores practically unaffected. As a result, over a small mass range, well above 100 solar masses, triple solutions exist, always near an effective temperature of log Te = 4.73. A simple classification of the known exceptions to the Vogt-Russell theorem on the uniqueness of stellar structure is given.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 194; Dec. 15
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  • 115
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    Neutrino emission from plasmons in strong magnetic fields (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Neutrino pair emission from stellar interiors is investigated. The paper indicates that the proposed enhanced emission mode is a part of a transverse mode spectrum with a refraction index in the limit of infinity. It is concluded that in an astrophysical sense a very strong magnetic field does not have a significant effect on the emission rate of neutrinos from plasmons.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysics and Space Science; 31; Nov. 197
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  • 116
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    X rays predicted from flares of UV Ceti stars (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Nature; 252; Dec
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  • 117
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    Possible formation of meteoritic chondrules and inclusions in the precollapse Jovian protoplanetary atmosphere (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus; 23; Nov. 197
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  • 118
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    Infrared measurements of Uranus and Neptune (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: New measurements verify that Neptune is brighter than Uranus near 20 microns and show that both planets have increasing brightness temperature with decreasing wavelength between 34 and 22.5 microns. The observations are not compatible with existing models for the atmospheres of these planets.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Nov. 1
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  • 119
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    Evidence for a corona of beta Geminorum (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A spectrometer was used on the satellite Copernicus to observe a chromospheric L alpha emission from the K0 giant beta Gem at 1218.4 A. This emission appears to be in the corona at temperatures near 260,000 deg K, since the ion it is identified with requires 77.4 eV to be produced.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Nov. 1
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  • 120
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    Preliminary results of a cosmic dust experiment on the moon (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A three-axis cosmic dust experiment placed on the lunar surface by the Apollo 17 crew is registering impact parameters of cosmic dust and lunar ejecta. A total of 1117 events have been recorded in eight months of data. Preliminary conclusions on the nature of the data include possible evidence of lunar soil transport associated with the terminators. Particle fluxes have been derived for two of the three sensor systems and for specified conditions of exposure.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; 1; Nov. 197
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  • 121
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    The asteroid belt - Doubts about the particle concentration measured with the asteroid/meteoroid detector on Pioneer 10 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science; 186; Nov. 15
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  • 122
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    Tentative identification of U93.174 as the molecular ion N2H/+/ (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: On the basis of a consideration of the rotation constant and the hyperfine structure together with the results of an ab initio structural calculation it is suggested that the three closely space new interstellar lines near 93.174 GHz reported by Turner (1974) might have been produced by the molecular ion N2H(+). It is pointed out that the identification of N2H(+) is reasonable also in terms of current ideas of interstellar chemistry.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Oct. 15
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  • 123
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    Hydrodynamic instability of the solar nebula in the presence of a planetary core (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: When a planetary core composed of condensed matter accumulates in the primitive solar nebula, the gas in the nebula becomes gravitationally concentrated as an envelope about the planetary core. An analysis of models of such gaseous envelopes indicates that giant planets (such as Jupiter and Saturn) formed in a massive primitive solar nebula of the type constructed by Cameron and Pine (1973). When the mass of the accumulating planetary core becomes sufficiently great, the surrounding gaseous envelope will become hydrodynamically unstable against collapse onto the planetary core. Much of the surrounding gas also may be compressed onto the core by the background pressure of the gas.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus; 22; Aug. 197
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  • 124
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    Absolute radiometry and the solar constant (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A series of active cavity radiometers (ACRs) are described which have been developed as standard detectors for the accurate measurement of irradiance in absolute units. It is noted that the ACR is an electrical substitution calorimeter, is designed for automatic remote operation in any environment, and can make irradiance measurements in the range from low-level IR fluxes up to 30 solar constants with small absolute uncertainty. The instrument operates in a differential mode by chopping the radiant flux to be measured at a slow rate, and irradiance is determined from two electrical power measurements together with the instrumental constant. Results are reported for measurements of the solar constant with two types of ACRs. The more accurate measurement yielded a value of 136.6 plus or minus 0.7 mW/sq cm (1.958 plus or minus 0.010 cal/sq cm per min).
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  • 125
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    Elemental abundances in interplanetary dust (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The paper reports on measurements taken of elemental abundances in two interplanetary dust grains. Meteoroidal residue found inside micrometeoritic craters was discovered by optically scanning the 800 sq cm aluminum surface of the S-228 transuranic cosmic-ray experiment exposed to space for 67d during the Skylab-IV mission. Crater analyses for two randomly sampled meteoroids showed a composition consistent with troilite in the 9 micron-minute particle. Chondritic abundances were found in the 30 micron-minute particle. Particles of similar size and chemistry were common in carbonaceous chondrite meteorites. The inferred grain sizes within the 30 micron-minute particle provided evidence for the similarity to carbonaceous chondrites rather than to other meteorite types.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Nature; 252; Dec
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  • 126
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    An experimental test of the homogeneity of the interstellar medium (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Observations of nonthermal continuum radio emission at 750 MHz and hydrogen-line emission at 1420 MHz have been compared in order to test the extent to which cosmic-ray electrons, magnetic fields, and hydrogen gas coexist in the interstellar medium. If the interstellar medium is homogeneous in the sense that its constituents are mixed together and can interact, then regions of line and continuum emission should be spatially correlated. The measurements indicate that at most 28% of continuum emission in the Galaxy comes from such a homogeneous medium. The remaining nonthermal emission agrees in magnitude with the residual emission found by Berkhuijsen after subtraction of the polarized component of nonthermal emission. In addition, the data discussed here show that the major filamentary structures found in the two forms of emission rarely coincide spatially. Consequently, both the average and the exceptional structure in the medium indicate that the synchrotron-radiating magnetoplasma and the neutral hydrogen gas are not closely interacting in the present state of the medium.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 194; Dec. 1
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  • 127
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    Origin of fifteen cosmic dust particles intercepted by Pioneer 8 and 9 (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Consistent data for more than 8 years have been obtained from two identical cosmic dust particle experiments on board the space probes Pioneer 8 and 9. The two spacecraft are in direct heliocentric orbits with perihelia between 0.75 AU and 1.00 AU. On the basis of the data it is concluded that the majority of dust particles having elliptical orbits detected by the two space probes show orbital characteristics of Apollo group asteroids which originated from residual nuclei of short-period comets.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Nature; 252; Dec. 13
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  • 128
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    Depth/diameter relations of fresh lunar craters - Revision from spacecraft data (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The first systematic data from Apollo photogrammetry provide a high standard of accuracy for the depth/diameter relation of fresh lunar craters. Apollo depth-diameter results resemble results obtained by measuring shadows on Lunar Orbiter imagery. The depth-diameter distribution inflects at a crater diameter of 10 to 15 km. Lunar craters less than 15 km across are at least 50% deeper than older, telescopic data indicated, but larger craters are not much deeper. There is no marked depth-diameter difference between fresh upland and postmare craters. The new depth-diameter relation for small lunar craters resembles those of experimental and impact craters on earth.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; 1; Nov. 197
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  • 129
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    Major, minor and trace element abundances in samples from the Apollo 17 station 7 boulder - Implications for the origin of early lunar crustal rocks (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Earth and Planetary Science Letters; 23; 3, Oc; Oct. 197
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  • 130
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    Pioneer 10 Jupiter atmospheric definition results: A summary (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The various entry probes for measuring outer planetary atmospheric compositions are discussed. Considered are chemical components and physical accumulation processes observable by spectroscopic studies, as well as pressure gauges, temperature gauges, accelerometers, nephelometers, and visible and infrared sensors for determining abundances.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Dynatrend, Inc. Proc. of Outer Planet Probe Technol. Workshop, Sect. 1 through 11; 23 p
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  • 131
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    Upper atmospheres and diagnostic measurements (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Candidate space missions to study the temperature profiles, and ratios of hydrogen to helium in outer planet atmospheres are discussed in terms of scientific payloads for optical occultation, radio occultation, and thermometer measurements.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Dynatrend, Inc. Proc. of Outer Planet Probe Technol. Workshop, Sect. 1 through 11; 8 p
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  • 132
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    Compositional measurements by outer planet entry probe (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Recommended is a very simple probe on the Pioneer 8 mission with ESRO which does nothing more than enter the Jupiter atmosphere to make temperature and pressure measurements.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Dynatrend, Inc. Proc. of Outer Planet Probe Technol. Workshop, Sect. 1 through 11; 11 p
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  • 133
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    New IR observations of Titan and potential of in-situ atmospheric analysis of the outer planets (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Ground based telescopic observations of Titan and outer planet atmospheres are evaluated for their abundances and an effort is made to deduce the various hydrogen-to-carbon ratios. Jupiter and Saturn atmospheres seem to have roughly solar abundances as far as hydrogen and methane are concerned; for Uranus, Titan and Neptune these ratios are way down.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Dynatrend, Inc. Proc. of Outer Planet Probe Technol. Workshop, Sect. 1 through 11; 23 p
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  • 134
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    Estimates of the size of particles in Saturn's rings and their cosmogonic implications (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Near infrared ice band measurements, radar and radio observations, and implications of the size estimates of particles in Saturn's rings are discussed. The measurements are compared to the Poynting-Robetson effect and a possible mechanism by which the size of the particles may significantly change after the initial formulation of the material in the rings is proposed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: The Rings of Saturn; p 107-123
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  • 135
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    The atmosphere of the rings of Saturn (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Outgassing of H and OH from Saturn's rings and the possibility of detecting it are examined. The source gas around the rings is computed after which the products of ice, H2O, H, and OH and the physical mechanisms that produce these species are given. Production rates for the ice products are discussed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington The Rings of Saturn; p 125-129
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  • 136
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    Distribution and size of elements of Saturn's rings as inferred from 12-cm radar observations (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A 64m radar antenna was used to observe Saturn's rings at 12.6 cm wavelength, with reduced Doppler spread. The results show a positive radar return corresponding to about a 60 percent return from an isotropic scatterer with the projected area of the rings, allowing for the Cassini division. A radar spectrogram of the rings is shown with power density plotted against Doppler frequency shift.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington The Rings of Saturn; p 73-82
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  • 137
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    Variations in the infrared brightness temperature of Saturn's rings (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: After adjusting for the decreased Sun-Saturn distance and adjusting all measurements to B ring values only, it is shown that the temperature variations are not as large as was thought. Various models of the multilayer agglomerate of particles of Saturn's rings are evaluated. It is recommended that the difference between the 11 and 20 micron brightness temperatures should be explained by a satisfactory model.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington The Rings of Saturn; p 65-72
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  • 138
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    Saturn's ring particles and space vehicle design (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Spacecraft design is discussed for probing Saturn's rings. Ring particles are also considered, emphasizing material outside of ring A and the hazard this might imply to a spacecraft crossing the ring plane beyond ring A.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington The Rings of Saturn; p 29-38
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  • 139
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    Ring particle sizes and composition derived from eclipse cooling curves and reflection spectra (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The probable chemistry of the Saturn rings is reviewed. Reflectance spectra for H20 and NH3 frosts and Saturn's rings are compared, along with temperature dependence of 1.6 microns water frost feature. The reflection spectra of Galilean satellite J2 and water frost are also reviewed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington The Rings of Saturn; p 51-63
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  • 140
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    Model of Saturn's rings that satisfies the observed phase curve for optical scattering (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The effects of multiple anisotropic scattering were calculated, including the solar penumbra effect for shadowing computations. The classical model was matched to observations, including the wavelength dependence, by varying the particle albedo as a function of wavelength. A scattering diagram is also presented showing the relative amount of primary and higher-order scattering necessary to match the B ring brightness and the shape of the phase curve.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington The Rings of Saturn; p 17-28
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  • 141
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    Structure of Saturn's rings: Optical and dynamical considerations (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The photometric phase curves of Saturn's rings are considered, as well as a conflict between dynamical and photometric models of the rings. The dependence of ring brightness on angular separation of the earth and sun as viewed from Saturn is discussed. The nonlinear brightness surge is interpreted. Some quantitative calculations were carried out for bodies in and near the asteroidal belt. Predicted density profiles of the ring obtained with Mimas in an eccentric orbit and in a circular orbit are also included.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington The Rings of Saturn; p 3-15
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  • 142
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    Rotating stars (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Intern. Colloq. on Drops and Bubbles, Vol. 1; p 11-34
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  • 143
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    The fission theory of binary stars (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Intern. Colloq. on Drops and Bubbles, Vol. 1; p 1-10
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  • 144
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    Moon: Old and New (1970)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This video presents the moon as studied by man for more than 20 centuries. It reviews the history of lunar studies before the first moon landing, the major things learned since Apollo 11, and closes with a resume of lunar investigations scientists would like to undertake in the future.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA-TM-110511 , NASA-JSC-554 , NONP-NASA-VT-95-42155
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  • 145
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    Apollo 15: In the Mountains of the Moon (1971)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This video features the following: (1) extra vehicle activity (EVA); (2) the three traverses of the lunar surface; (3) film taken from the Lunar Rover; (4) hammer and feather tests of Galileo's theory on falling objects in gravity fields; (5) Worden's EVA; (6) subsatellite launching; (7) X-ray pulsar observations; and (8) splash down with one parachute collapsed.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA-TM-109988 , NONP-NASA-VT-95-34903
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  • 146
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    Apollo 17: On the Shoulders of Giants (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A documentary view of the Apollo 17 journey to Taurus-Littrow, the final lunar landing mission in the Apollo program is discussed. The film depicts the highlights of the mission and relates the Apollo program to Skylab, the Apollo-Soyuz linkup and the Space Shuttle.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA-TM-110105 , NONP-NASA-VT-95-33956
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  • 147
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    Apollo 16: Nothing So Hidden (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This film shows the landing and the three lunar traverses in the highland region of the moon, near the crater descartes. It includes an astronaut's eye view from the rover, lunar grand prix, discovery of the house-sized rock, lunar lift-off and eva 173,000 miles above the earth. Microphones and cameras in mission control record the emergency problem solving during the prelanding crisis and the reactions of scientists on earth as the astronauts explore the moon.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA-TM-110104 , NONP-NASA-VT-95-33955
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  • 148
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    Metal-olivine associations and Ni-Co contents in two Apollo 12 mare basalts (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Olivine crystals in mare basalts 12004,8 and 12022,12 are normally zoned with Cr-poor rims. The Ni content of rare 2- to 10-micron metal inclusions in olivine decreases markedly as Fe/Mg in their immediate olivine hosts increases. Each metal grain appears to have been enclosed by late olivine almost immediately after it crystallized. The fractionation trend for the olivine and metal contrasts with the subsolidus equilibration trend for pallasites. For the basalts, not even local equilibrium of Fe, Ni and Co at metal/olivine interfaces can be detected by microprobe. Ni and Co concentrations range from about 300 ppm in olivine cores to about 70 ppm in rims. The limits of detection, at 95% confidence, are 36 ppm (Ni) and 25 ppm (Co). The distribution of Ni and Co in olivine, like that of Mg and Cr, records the depletion of these elements in the melt.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Earth and Planetary Science Letters; 24; 1; Nov. 197
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  • 149
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    Ferroan anorthosite - A widespread and distinctive lunar rock type (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Eight of eleven Apollo 16 rake-sample anorthosites are very similar to each other, to hand-specimen Apollo 16 anorthosites, and to Apollo 15 anorthosites. They have feldspar An-96.6, both high- and low-Ca pyroxene with a restricted range of (low-magnesium) composition, minor olivine, traces of ilmenite and chromite, and originally coarse-grained, but now cataclastic texture. Such ferroan anorthosite is evidently a coherent, distinctive and widespread lunar rock type of cumulate origin which may not necessarily be very closely related genetically to other highland rock types.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Earth and Planetary Science Letters; 24; 1; Nov. 197
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  • 150
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    Limits on the neutral hydrogen content of Coma and other clusters of galaxies (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astronomy and Astrophysics; 36; 3, De; Dec. 197
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  • 151
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    Binary stellar winds (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Stellar winds from a binary star will interact with each other along a contact discontinuity. We discuss qualitatively the geometry of the flow and field resulting from this interaction in the simplest case where the stars and winds are identical. We consider the shape of the critical surface (defined as the surface where the flow speed is equal to the sound speed) as a function of stellar separation and the role of shock waves in the flow field. The effect of stellar spin and magnetic sectors on the field configuration is given. The relative roles of mass loss and magnetic torque in the evolution of orbital parameters are discussed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysics and Space Science; 31; Dec. 197
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  • 152
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    A search for microwave emission from CH in Comet Kohoutek /1973f/ (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A search was conducted for the three 9-cm transitions of the ground state Lambda-doublet of CH in comet Kohoutek, using the CSIRO 64-m radio telescope and the Onsala Space Observatory's 25.6-m telescope. No lines were detected during the observing periods, and upper limits are given for the corresponding antenna temperatures.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Icarus; 23; Dec. 197
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  • 153
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    Molecule searches in Comet Kohoutek /1973f/ at microwave frequencies (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Nine transitions of the possible parent molecules H2O, NH3, CH3OH and N2O as well as the OH radical were searched for in Comet Kohoutek (1973f) in the frequency range 22.2-25.2 GHz. These molecules were not detected, but the upper limits for the optical depth, mean column density and the production rate are derived for each of the molecules. These results are discussed and compared with the reported detections of HCN and CH3CN emission and OH absorption.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Icarus; 23; Dec. 197
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  • 154
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    On the nature of the anti-tail of Comet Kohoutek /1973f/. I - A working model (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The model derived for the anti-tail of Comet Kohoutek describes it as a flat formation, confined essentially to the comet's orbit plane and composed of relatively heavy particles (mostly in the size range 0.1-1 mm) whose motions are controlled by solar gravity and solar radiation pressure. Almost all the material was produced by the comet before perihelion at a rate about an order of magnitude higher than for Comets Arend-Roland and Bennett. The latent heat of vaporization of the particle material is estimated at 40-45 kcal/mole or higher.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Icarus; 23; Dec. 197
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  • 155
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    Lunar paleointensity from three Apollo 15 crystalline rocks using an A.R.M. method (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An anhysteretic remanent magnetization method described by Banerjee and Mellema (1974) is used in the lunar paleointensity studies reported. The range of the difference in the paleointensity values obtained by the new method is not quite as great as the range of differences ordinarily found in values determined with the conventional method reported by Thellier and Thellier (1959). The results of the investigation show that the three Apollo 15 rocks studied acquired their natural remanent magnetization in a finite-sized magnetic field which was two or three orders of magnitude greater than the present ambient interplanetary field at the moon.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Earth and Planetary Science Letters; 23; 2, Se; Sept
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  • 156
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    Substorms on Mercury? (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Qualitative similarities between some of the variations in the Mercury encounter data and variations in the corresponding regions of the earth's magnetosphere during substorms are pointed out. The Mariner 10 data on Mercury show a strong interaction between the solar wind and the plant similar to a scaled down version of that for the earth's magnetosphere. Some of the features observed in the night side Mercury magnetosphere suggest time dependent processes occurring there.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA-CR-143509 , CSR-TR-75-1
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  • 157
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    Phase chemistry of Apollo 14 soil sample 14259 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: 0.26 gm of Apollo 14 soil sample 14259 has been investigated by optical, X-ray diffraction and electron microprobe techniques. The mineral abundances in the soil are 45% plagioclase, 41% pyroxene, 7% olivine, 3% oxides, 2% K-feldspar, 1% nickel-iron and less than 1% troilite. Eleven percent of the glasses have compositions like those of mare basalts or mare soils and are believed to be mare-derived. Eighty-six percent of the glasses are equivalent in composition to basalts that have higher Al, and lower Ca/Al and Fe/Mg ratios than mare basalts. The most abundant compositional type is named Fra Mauro basaltic glass and is subdivided into three related types. The other major glass type in the soil corresponds in composition to anorthositic gabbro.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Modern Geology; 5; May 1974
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  • 158
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    Magnetism in meteorites (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An overview of this subject is presented. The paper includes a glossary of magnetism terminology and a discussion of magnetic techniques used in meteorite research. These techniques comprise thermomagnetic analysis, alternating field demagnetization, thermal demagnetization, magnetic anisotropy, low-temperature cycling, and coercive forces, with emphasis on the first method. Limitations on the validity of paleointensity determinations are also discussed.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Meteoritics; 9; Dec. 31
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  • 159
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    An upper limit on the evolution of carbon monoxide from Comet Kohoutek (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An upper limit on the rate of evolution of CO from Comet Kohoutek has been obtained from a search for resonant scattering of sunlight near 4.7 microns. The observations were made approximately two months after perihelion. The rate of evolution of CO at that time was apparently less than that of CH3CN observed before perihelion.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Icarus; 23; Dec. 197
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  • 160
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    Mercury's infrared phase effect (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Predictions based on a smooth spherical blackbody do not agree with the observed brightness temperatures of the planet Mercury. The curves of measured effective brightness temperature as a function of phase angle are more steep than and reach lower values near absolute values of i of about 180 deg and higher values near absolute values of i of about 0 deg than those of a smooth sphere. Phase curves of the moon have also been obtained which confirm earlier measurements. The distribution of Mercury's emitted energy in wavelength is dependent upon phase angle, changing from clearly identifiable thermal spectra for absolute values of i less than 150 deg to a superposition of thermal emission at several color temperatures for greater phase angles. No significant variation of infrared brightness temperature with subearth longitude intensity was found. These results provide further evidence that the surfaces of Mercury and the moon are similar and that the top layer of the planetary terrain is rough on a millimeter scale.-
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astronomical Journal; 79; Dec. 197
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  • 161
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    Interstellar carbon I lines in zeta Ophiuchi (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: With two f-values of C I lines obtained from the spectra of zeta Pup and gamma(2) Vel, it is shown that the interstellar C I spectrum in zeta Oph obeys an optical-depth relation similar to that for Na I, and the relative strengths of 19 multiplets are determined from this relation. The dominant processes which excite neutral carbon are used to calculate populations of the fine-structure levels as functions of the density of H nuclei and the temperature, and evidence is found that the C I lines are formed in the dense cloud in front of zeta Oph at a heliocentric velocity of -14.4 km/s. It is noted that the observed column-density ratios of the neutral carbon fine-structure levels lead to a total H nuclei density of about 220 to 660 per cu cm, while the electron density and observed C(+) abundance indicate a value of 10,000 per cu cm, with a 0.05 pc thick gas layer.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astronomy and Astrophysics; 37; 2, De; Dec. 197
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  • 162
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    Planetary accretions in jet streams (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The problem of planetary accretion in a jet stream is studied using the model developed by Alfven and Arrhenius. We find that there are basically three types of planetary accretion, corresponding to cases where the characteristic time of the occurrence of catastrophic accretion is less than, equal to, or greater than the time-scale of mass injection to the planetary system (300 m.y.). These different time scales of accretion are found to be closely related to the primordial thermal profiles and equatorial inclinations of the planets. Finally, Venus' retrograde rotational spin is shown to be a possible result of accretion process in a jet stream.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astrophysics and Space Science; 31; Nov. 197
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  • 163
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    CNO abundances and hydrodynamic models of the nova outburst. III - 0.5 solar mass models with enhanced carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Consideration of the evolution of thermonuclear runaways in the hydrogen-rich envelopes of 0.5 solar mass carbon-oxygen white dwarfs. The larger radii of these stars, compared with the 1.00 solar mass white dwarfs, results in a lesser degree of degeneracy at the same depth in the star. Four models of luminosity with .00355 solar luminosity, differing only in the initial abundances of C-12, N-14, and O-16, are presented. The degree of enhancement required to produce mass ejection, and thereby a nova-type outburst, is greater than for the 1.00 solar mass model. Nevertheless, the evolution of the 0.5 solar mass model that ejected material is very similar to that of the 1.00 solar mass models, and it also ejects significant amounts of C-13, N-15, and O-17 into the interstellar medium. The 0.5 solar mass outburst is considerably less intense than the 1.00 solar mass outburst (even under optimum conditions), and this lower mass behavior is interpreted as associated with the observed outburst of the slowest novae.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 192; Sept. 15
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  • 164
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    Ultraviolet spectrophotometry of Sirius from Gemini 12 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The spectral energy distribution of Sirius between 2500 and 3700 A at a resolution of 7 A is obtained from plates taken on Gemini 12. The agreement with other observations and the most recent line-blanketed model atmospheres is good. The equivalent width of the Mg II doublet near 2800 A is 6.0 A, if the continuum level is represented by regions near 2650 and 2910 A. This is consistent with expectations for a hot Am star and implies line blocking of up to 15% in this wavelength region.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 192; Sept. 15
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  • 165
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    Venus and Mercury Encounters (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Mariner 10 observations of Venus, Mercury, Comet Kohoutek, and other interplanetary objects are reported. Data cover planetary atmospheres, temperature, and surface detail.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA-CR-142829 , ISSUE-4
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  • 166
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    Mission to the Inner Planets (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Mariner 10 mission objectives to investigate Mercury and Venus are discussed along with the spacecraft's design and its flight path. Scientific instruments onboard the spacecraft are also discribed.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA-CR-142828 , ISSUE-3
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  • 167
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    Venus and Mercury as Planets (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A general evolutionary history of the solar planetary system is given. The previously observed characteristics of Venus and Mercury (i.e. length of day, solar orbit, temperature) are discussed. The role of the Mariner 10 space probe in gathering scientific information on the two planets is briefly described.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA-CR-142826 , ISSUE-2
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  • 168
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    Innermost Planets of the Solar System (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The appearance and characteristics of Mercury and Venus as evening and morning stars are discussed. Inferior and superior conjunction are defined. The motions, phases, and planetary dynamics of the two planets are compared with those of the earth and moon.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA-CR-142827 , ISSUE-1
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  • 169
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    Ionisation structure and transfer of radiation in dusty nebulae (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Analytic expressions describing the infrared radiation and hydrogen to helium line intensity ratios from a dusty nebula are presented. Implications of these results are discussed briefly.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: ESRO H2 Regions and the Galactic Centre; p 173-178
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  • 170
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    Dust in H2 regions (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The effects of dust inside H2 regions were studied by means of theoretical models of dusty nebulae. Infrared observations were analyzed and clear evidence was found that the emitting dust is mostly mixed with the ionized gas. Some information about the amount, distribution, and properties of dust grains was also derived.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: ESRO H2 Regions and the Galactic Centre; p 163-171
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  • 171
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    Evolutionary characteristics of a bimodal grain model (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A bimodal model of interstellar grains consisting of silicate cores of size approximately 0.06 micron with modified ice mantles of approximately 0.1 micron and very small particles of silicate and/or graphite of size approximately 0.005 micron is followed through various stages of evolution. Starting with a distribution of core-mantle cylinders producing average wavelength dependence of polarization and extinction, changes in physical and optical characteristics of the model are studied going first into regions of dense cloud condensation and coming out at the other end of star formation into young H2 regions. Physical justification is presented to show that not only in dense clouds must the core mantle grains be larger than normal, but also in young H2 regions.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: ESRO H2 Regions and the Galactic Centre; p 153-162
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  • 172
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    Expected far infrared polarization of H2 regions and the nuclei of galaxies (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The expected polarization of far infrared sources is discussed, and it is shown that the observed degree of polarization generally depends on two factors: (1) the availability of a mechanism that can produce polarization, and (2) the gain in polarization which absorption or stimulated emission can produce within a source. It is pointed out that stimulated emission could produce sizeable gain changes in compact dust clouds such as those associated with H2 regions and possibly also in dense regions exhibiting OH and H2O masers. Whether such a gain can actually become positive (maser-like behavior) is not clear, but this would in any case depend on the chemical structure of the grain material and the spectral range of interest.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: ESRO H2 Regions and the Galactic Centre; p 179-184
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  • 173
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    Data users note: Apollo 17 lunar photography (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The availability of Apollo 17 pictorial data is announced as an aid to the selection of the photographs for study. Brief descriptions are presented of the Apollo 17 flight, and the photographic equipment used during the flight. The following descriptions are also included: service module photography, command module photography, and lunar surface photography.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA-TM-X-72535 , NSSDC-74-08
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  • 174
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    Correlation of thermomagnetic behavior of carbonaceous chondrites with chemical petrographic classification (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Some degree of correlation was noted between the thermomagnetic behavior of the carbonaceous chondrites and the chemical-petrographic classification scheme of Van Schmus and Hayes.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA-CR-141060
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  • 175
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    Thermomagnetic analysis of meterorites. 4: Ureilites (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Samples of all available ureilites have been analyzed thermomagnetically. For three of the six (Dyalpur, Goalpara and Havero) evidence was found for only low-nickel metallic-iron as the magnetic component and the (saturation magnetization vs, temperature) curves were reversible. In the Novo Urei ureilite, magnetite in addition to low-nickel metallic-iron was indicated and again the Js-T curve was reversible. For the two badly weathered ureilites, Dingo Pup Donga and North Haig, indication was also found that both initial magnetite and low-nickel metallic-iron were present. However, the Js-T curves were somewhat irreversible and the final saturation magnetization was 20% and 50% greater than initially for North Haig and Dingo Pup Donga, respectively. This behavior is interpreted to be the result of magnetite production from a secondary iron oxide during the experiment.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA-CR-141143
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  • 176
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    Planetary mission summary. Volume 3: Mars surface sample return (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: For abstract, see N76-23129.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA-CR-147095 , JPL-SP-43-10-VOL-3
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  • 177
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    Planetary mission summary. Volume 4: Mars rover (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: For abstract, see N76-23129.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA-CR-147096 , JPL-SP-43-10-VOL-4
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  • 178
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    Observation of bow shock protons at the lunar orbit (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Protons with energies ranging from about 500 eV to 3,500 eV were observed by the Suprathermal Ion Detector Experiment (SIDE) on both the dusk and dawn sides of the magnetosphere. On each lunation these particles appeared as a rather continuous phenomenon for 3 to 5 days after crossing from the dawn-side magnetosheath into the solar wind and for about 2 days prior to entering the dusk-side magnetosheath. Data from the SIDE and from the Explorer 35 lunar orbiting magnetometer were analyzed and these data indicated that the transverse ion flows observed by the SIDE in the pre and post bow shock crossing regions of the lunar orbit are due to these deviated solar wind particles. A computer model based on drift trajectories for particles leaving the shock was developed and synthetic particle data produced by this model are in good agreement with the observed data.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-147653
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  • 179
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    Theoretical frameworks for testing relativistic gravity. 5: Post-Newtonian limit of Rosen's theory (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The post-Newtonian limit of Rosen's theory of gravity is evaluated and is shown to be identical to that of general relativity, except for the PPN parameter alpha sub 2, which is related to the difference in propagation speeds for gravitational and electromagnetic waves. Both the value of alpha sub 2 and the value of the Newtonian gravitational constant depend on the present cosmological structure of the Universe. If the cosmological structure has a specific but presumably special form, the Newtonian gravitational constant assumes its current value, alpha sub 2 is zero, the post-Newtonian limit of Rosen's theory is identical to that of general relativity--and standard solar system experiments cannot distinguish between the two theories.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
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  • 180
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    Analysis of Mariner 5 Radio Tracking Data (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Mariner 5 radio tracking data was analyzed to support the following goals: (1) the determination of the mass of Venus, (2) the determination of, or the placement of a stringent upper bound on, the second order terms in the harmonic expansion of Venus' gravity field; and (3) an independent estimate of the locations of the Deep Space Net tracking stations relative to the coordinate system defined by the orbits of the planets. The rotation vector of Venus was also studied using radar observations of the planet.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA-CR-148482
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  • 181
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    Investigation of a glass spherule from the Luna-16 probe (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A glass spherule of the form of a flattened spheroid measuring 580 microns in diameter is studied. The spherule is transparent, shiny, and of a yellowish brown tint. It contains a number of central and peripheral spherical bubble-type cavities. The surface and morphology features resemble those of Apollo spherules, but differ in chemical composition, which is close to that of the Luna-16 regolith.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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  • 182
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    Mineralogy, petrology, and chemistry of basalt fragments returned by Luna 16 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Mineralogical, petrological, and chemical analyses, along with Rb-Sr age and Ar-40/Ar-39 measurements, were carried out with the B-1 sample returned from the Luna 16 mission. The sample, weighing 62 mg, is a fine-grain basalt of ophitic structure. It differs from the Apollo samples in that the pyroxene and plagioclass contents are almost identical, and the ilmenite content (7%) lies between those of the Apollo-11 and Apollo-12 samples. Chemically, it is characterized by a high Sr content and a high K/U ratio.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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  • 183
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    A stable particle component 30 to 400 keV in interplanetary space (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Res. in the Space Sci., v. 2; 21 p
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  • 184
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    Planetary mission summaries. Volume 1: Introduction and overview (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Tabular synopses of twelve missions are presented along with the Mariner Jupiter/Saturn 1977 mission for comparison. Mission definitions considered include: Mars Polar Orbiter; Mars Surface Sample Return; Mars Rover; Marine Jupiter/Uranus 1979 with Uranus Entry Probe; Mariner Jupiter Orbiter; Mariner Mercury Orbiter 1978; Early Mariner Comet Flyby Solar Electric Encke Slow Flyby; Mariner Encke Ballistic Flyby; Solar Electric Encke Rendezvous 1981; Venus Orbital Imaging Radar; Solar Electric Out-of-the-Eliptic Probe 1979. Technical conclusions of mission studies are given in order that these results may interact with the broader questions of scope, pace, and priorities in the planetary exploration program.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA-CR-147093 , JPL-SP-43-10-VOL-1
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  • 185
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    Preliminary investigation of interplanetary shock structure: Quasi-parallel shocks (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Pioneer 9's magnetic field and plasma data were studied to develop arguments for or against the observation of oblique interplanetary shocks. Structural classifications are defined, and the justification for seeking these classifications in the solar wind are presented.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-147207 , TRW-24034-6001-RU-00
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  • 186
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    A meteorite that got away (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The mass and brightness are estimated for a meteorite which passed through the atmosphere without touching the ground and was observed over the northwestern part of North America. It is noted that the ultimate mass of a meteorite should be derived from its deceleration and that the ablated mass must also be calculated in order to obtain the initial mass. The deceleration, ablation, and brightness are calculated for the present meteorite on the basis of two composition models: a stony meteorite and a hard cometary dustball. The results suggest that this object probably was a hard cometary dustball.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Irish Astronomical Journal; 11; Mar
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  • 187
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    Planetary mission summary. Volume 2: Mars polar orbiter (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: For abstract, see N76-23129.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA-CR-147094 , JPL-SP-43-10-VOL-2
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  • 188
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    Geodesic synchrotron radiation in the Kerr geometry by the method of asymptotically factorized Green's functions (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The scalar, electromagnetic, and gravitational geodesic-synchrotron-radiation (GSR) spectra are determined for the case of a test particle moving on a highly relativistic circular orbit about a rotating (Kerr) black hole. It is found that the spectral shape depends only weakly on the value of the angular-momentum parameter (a/M) of the black hole, but the total radiated power drops unexpectedly for a value of at least 0.95 and vanishes as the value approaches unity. A spin-dependent factor (involving the inner product of the polarization of a radiated quantum with the source) is isolated to explain the dependence of the spectral shape on the spin of the radiated field. Although the scalar wave equation is solved by separation of variables, this procedure is avoided for the vector and tensor cases by postulating a sum-over-states expansion for the Green's function similar to that found to hold in the scalar case. The terms in this sum, significant for GSR, can then be evaluated in the geometric-optics approximation without requiring the use of vector or tensor spherical harmonics.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Physical Review D - Particles and Fields; vol. 10
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  • 189
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    Inert gases in twelve particles and one 'dust' specimen from the Lunar-16 sample (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Mass spectrography was used to measure inert gases in lunar breccia and basalt particles. The He-4/Ne-20 ratio (mean value of 49) in the breccia was systematically lower than in basalt (mean value of 78). Possibly, this may be due to fractionation of He and Ne during and after breccia formation. Pronounced differences observed in the He-4/Ne-3 ratio are attributed to the presence of variable quantities of cosmogenic He-3. This means that either the solar wind intensity varied in time, or that small-ratio particles were exposed to solar radiation rich in He-3 and/or H-3. The exposure ages of four particles are several hundred million years. The Ar-40/Ar-36 ratio is 0.65 for breccia and basalts.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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  • 190
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    The rotation of the moon (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The present review attempts to give a comprehensible demonstration that the Cassini determination of the geometric laws describing the gross rotation of the moon relative to the precessing lunar orbit in terms of the mean orientation elements of the orbit (the Cassini motion) is an approximation to a dynamically consistent system. Traditional approaches to the derivation of the physical librations of the moon are presented, in addition to recent studies on flaws in the traditional theories. For future research, the advantages of an analytic theory will be required.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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  • 191
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    Coercivity maxima at low temperatures (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Recent measurements have shown that the magnetic coercive forces of some Apollo lunar samples show an unexpected decrease with decreasing temperature at cryogenic temperatures. This behavior can be explained quantitatively in terms of a model which considers additive contributions from a soft, reversible magnetic phase and from a harder, hysteretic magnetic phase.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Earth and Planetary Science Letters; 24; 1; Nov. 197
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  • 192
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    Lunar sample information catalog, Apollo 17 (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: MSC-03211 , NASA-TM-79501
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  • 193
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    A quantitative model for the potential resulting fron reconnection with an arbitrary interplanetary magnetic field (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Res. in the Space Sci., vol. 1, no. 3,; 10 p
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  • 194
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    An analysis of the pulsational stability of very low mass stars on the hydrogen and deuterium main sequence (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astronomy and Astrophysics; 37; 2, De; Dec. 197
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  • 195
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    Forbidden-line excitation data for certain coronal lines (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Some new data pertinent to forbidden transitions for coronal lines of S XII, Ca XIII, K XI, Mn XIII, Fe XIV, Co XV, Ni XVI, N XV, Cr IX, Fe X, and Ni XII are presented. We include additional calculations of collision strengths for a number of ions and then set up and solve the equations of statistical equilibrium in the limiting approximations in which contributions to level population by cascade from higher levels are neglected. We then calculate volume emissivities per ion as a function of density and temperature.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: vol. 28; Dec. 197
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  • 196
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    The abundance of ammonia on Jupiter, Saturn and Titan (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: From recent spectra of Jupiter, Saturn and Titan in the 6450-A band of NH3, new values of the abundance of ammonia are derived for Jupiter and Saturn. NH3 abundances of 13 plus or minus 3 m-Am on Jupiter and 2 plus or minus 1 m-Am on Saturn were found. High resolution profiles of NH3 lines on Jupiter are used to estimate a pressure of 2.1 atm at the line formation level in the Jovian atmosphere. In the case of Titan, an NH3 abundance of less than 2 m-Am was found. The implications of these results are discussed.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astronomy and Astrophysics; 37; 1, De; Dec. 197
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  • 197
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    A search for H2O and CH4 in Comet Kohoutek (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A spectroscopic search for H2O and CH4 in Comet Kohoutek (1973f) was made using a Pepsios interferometer. No evidence was found for either molecule, allowing to set an upper limit on their production rates (on about Jan. 21, 1974) of Q(H2O) less than 6.2 times 10 to the 28th power per sec and Q(CH4) less than 20 times 10 to the 30th power per sec.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Icarus; 23; Dec. 197
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  • 198
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    Possible influence of comets on the chemical evolution of the galaxy (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: It has been suggested by Cameron (1973) that a cloud of comets containing a mass of condensable elements, comparable to the mass of such elements in the sun, formed on the outskirts of the solar system. If the formation of such comet clouds is a general feature of star formation, they constitute a significant sink of elements heavier than helium. It is shown here that this process provides a possible explanation for the very slow rate at which the mean metal abundance of disk stars has increased during the lifetime of the Galaxy.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysics and Space Science; 31; Nov. 197
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  • 199
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    Chemical composition of boulder-2 rocks and soils, Apollo 17, Station 2 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The bulk and trace element composition of five small samples from four rocks is remarkably similar. This result indicates that the metaclastic rocks studied are relatively uniform in their chemical composition. The elemental abundances found in the study are presented in two tables and the implications of the data are considered, giving attention to siderophiles, atmophile elements, and questions of element correlations. The 'dark mantle' valley soil 75081 at Camelot Crater is low in siderophiles. Since the soil is low in alkalis, a derivation from low-alkali mare basalt is suggested. The identical volatile contents in the surface soil 72461 and the 4 cm depth soil 72441 under a 0.7 m boulder argue against any surficial volatization by galactic and solar particles.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Earth and Planetary Science Letters; 23; 2, Se; Sept
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  • 200
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    Effect of yaw angle on steering forces for the lunar roving vehicle wheel (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A series of tests was conducted with a Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV) wheel operating at yaw angles ranging from -5 to +90 deg. The load was varied from 42 to 82 lb (187 to 365 N), and the speed was varied from 3.5 to 10.0 ft/sec (1.07 to 3.05 m/sec). It was noted that speed had an effect on side thrust and rut depth. Side thrust, rut depth, and skid generally increased as the yaw angle increased. For the range of loads used, the effect of load on performance was not significant.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA-CR-143290 , AD-A006518 , AEWES-TR-M-71-7
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