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  • ASTROPHYSICS
  • Earthquake precursor: prediction research
  • Tectonics
  • 1970-1974  (202)
  • 101
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    Scanner observations of selected cool stars (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Photoelectric spectral scans at 30 A resolution of nine dwarfs, ten giants, and six supergiants with spectral types G0 to M5 are presented. (All stars were observed every 4 A from 3300 to 7000 A.) Absorption features observed at this resolution coincide with: strong atomic lines of Fe I, Fe II, Ca I, Ca II, Mg I, and Na I; vibrational bands of the electronic transitions of TiO, MgH, CaH, SiH, AlH, CN, CH, C2, OH, and NH. The dependences of the 3740-A Fe I blend and the 3440-A depression on temperature are discussed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astronomical Society of the Pacific; vol. 86
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  • 102
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    Discovery of a magnetic DA white dwarf (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The spectrum of the white dwarf suspect, GD 90, is shown to contain broad Balmer lines with resolved Zeeman structure. All the observed features correspond to the calculated spectrum of hydrogen at 5 plus or minus 0.5 MG. A region of approximately 20% of the observed stellar disk must be subject to a reasonably uniform field of this strength. The sigma components of the Zeeman patterns in H beta and H gamma are found to be circularly polarized, indicating that the field has a component directed along the line of sight. There is evidence for an additional stronger and less homogeneous field, as would be expected if the dominant 5 -MG region were at the equator of a dipolar field.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 194; Nov. 15
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  • 103
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    The effect of repeated Compton scatterings on the diffuse X-ray background (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Recent Monte Carlo computations, based on a speculative extrapolation of the electron spectrum, suggested that repeated scatterings contribute most of the extragalactic X-ray background around 3 MeV in a Compton model. We have redone this calculation analytically with a similar electron spectrum, but with very different results. The double-scatter contribution near 3 MeV does not exceed 1 percent and cannot improve the fit to data. The effect is largest near 1 keV but will probably not be observable.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 194; Nov. 15
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  • 104
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    20 to 40 micron spectroscopy of the Orion Nebula (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Attention is given to a moderate-resolution spectra of the Orion Nebula. Observational data are presented between 20 and 40 microns. Several models are shown that attempt to account for all of the observations from 20 microns to 1 mm. A model in which the dust within the molecular cloud has a clumpy distribution is given. Data show that the individual clumps have effective grain temperatures of 100 deg K and they are optically thick for wavelengths shorter than 400 microns.-
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Nov. 1
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  • 105
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    Observation of features in the soft X-ray background flux (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Two rocket observations of very soft X-ray diffuse intensity show three emission regions of large angular extent. A large portion of the sky as seen with wide angular resolution is mapped. These three regions coincide with broad regions of small column densities of neutral hydrogen. It is suggested that a component of the interstellar medium is very hot and is responsible for the soft X-ray emission and the O VI.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Nov. 1
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  • 106
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    Highly ionized atoms observed with Copernicus (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Based on high-resolution observations using the Princeton satellite/spectrometer on Copernicus the O VI doublet is discussed in detail, in conjunction with data for the resonance lines of N V, Si IV, and S IV reported in five stars. The temperature, density, and the possible extent of the O VI producing region are discussed. The ratio N(S IV)/N(O VI) is used to derive a lower limit to the temperature in the O VI producing region. In near pressure equilibrium with normal interstellar clouds and H II regions minimum densities are found to be consistent with a hot plasma.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Nov. 1
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  • 107
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    A survey with Copernicus of interstellar O VI absorption (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The presence of broad, shallow absorptions caused by O VI ions were revealed from UV spectra observations recorded by the Copernicus satellite for thirty-two stars. A table lists survey data on the stars observed for which values of the O VI column densities or their upper limits are extracted. Interstellar rather than circumstellar origin is evident from observation of the lack of correspondence between radical velocities of the stars and those of the O VI profiles. The presence of a low-density high-temperature phase of interstellar gas produced by supernova explosions is suggested.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Nov. 1
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  • 108
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    The C-12/C-13 ratio in stellar atmospheres. II - CN and CO in alpha Orionis (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The isotopic abundance ratio C-12/C-13 for the M supergiant alpha Orionis is derived from photoelectric high-resolution scans of the CN 2-0 red system and high-resolution interferometric spectra of the CO second-overtone bands. The two molecules yield consistent results and the final value for the C-12/C-13 ratio is 7.0 plus or minus 1.5. Rationale is offered for the causes contributing to an earlier suggestion that C-12/C-13 ratios from CO and CN were in disagreement.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Nov. 1
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  • 109
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    An analysis of the spectrum of the large-redshift quasi-stellar object OQ 172 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Nov. 1
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  • 110
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    Does the galaxy possess a gaseous halo (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Observational data are presented that suggest both the existence of extensive halo slabs of ionized gas and the probable presence of a hot corona around our galaxy. Evidence shows that when considering the galactic plane this ionized or neutral gas has a more extended distribution than the HI component. The characteristics of the halo gas consist of the ability (1) to interpenetrate, (2) to be heated, and (3) to be in a pressure equilibrium with the intercloud component of the local interstellar medium.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Comments on Modern Physics; vol. 6
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  • 111
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    CNO abundances and hydrodynamic models of the nova outburst. II - 1.00 solar mass models with enhanced carbon and oxygen (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Results of a computation of a variety of evolutionary sequences involving thermonuclear runaways in the hydrogen-rich envelopes of 1.00-solar-mass carbon-oxygen white dwarfs. The evidence concerning the location of the outburst in the nova system is reexamined, and it is concluded that the white dwarf is the seat of the outburst. An order-of-magnitude argument is presented which indicates that for a 1.00-solar-mass white dwarf it is impossible to achieve mass ejection without an energy generation of approximately 10 to the 16th ergs/g/sec. A description is given of models with low nuclear enhancements that do not produce an outburst, although their evolution has certain implications for the cause of the dwarf-nova outburst. The results for models that produced a nova outburst are then presented, and on the basis of these results it is found possible to explain continuous ejection, Kukarkin and Parenago's (1934) relationship, and other gross features of the nova phenomena.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: vol. 28; Aug. 197
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  • 112
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    Ultraviolet television data from the orbiting astronomical observatory. II - Stellar ultraviolet colors and interstellar extinction (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The results from the Celescope Catalog of Ultraviolet Stellar Observations (Davis, Deutschman, and Haramundanis 1973) are studied, emphasizing statistical groups and subgroups of stars. In spite of the rather large observational errors, the great number of Celescope observations make it possible to do that kind of study with reasonable accuracy. Some stars have ultraviolet colors that differ significantly from those of the group to which they have been assigned on the basis of ground-based observations. An attempt is made to describe the general properties of the ultraviolet colors of the stars as observed by the Celescope experiment on board NASA's Orbiting Astronomical Observatory (OAO-2). Besides the direct applicability of these results to the general study of stellar atmospheres and of interstellar extinction, they are also considered as a frame of reference for further studies of individual stars and groups of stars.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: vol. 28; Aug. 197
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  • 113
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    The Crab Nebula pulsar - Radiofrequency spectral variability (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Oct. 15
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  • 114
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    Studies of cluster X-ray sources - Size measurements (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An examination is conducted of the nine weaker sources in the list of Kellogg et al. (1973) which are well enough observed to be listed in the 3U catalog compiled by Giacconi et al. (1974). The cluster sizes are presented in a table and chi-square plots versus derived core radius and background counting rate are shown in a graph. X-ray luminosities calculated from the 3U catalog counting rates are presented as a function of X-ray size.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Oct. 15
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  • 115
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    Uhuru observations of short-time-scale variations of the Crab (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: We have analyzed Uhuru X-ray observations of the Crab and found statistically significant variability in the intensity on time scales of several tenths of a second. Our results imply either that the X-ray emission from the pulsar NP 0532 is highly variable or that we have observed a previously undetected compact source of X-rays.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Oct. 15
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  • 116
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    X-ray morphology of the Perseus cluster (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A measurement of the spatial distribution of the X-ray flux from the Perseus cluster of galaxies is reported. The measurement was made with a one-dimensional X-ray telescope carried by an Aerobee sounding rocket on February 8, 1974. The results are compared with previous X-ray observations and optical measurements of the galaxy distribution. The data show the presence of a luminous feature centered on NGC 1275, considerable emission from extended regions, and a marked asymmetry between the E-W and N-S distributions in the X-ray flux.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Oct. 15
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  • 117
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    A study of birefringence in the interstellar medium in the direction of the Crab Nebula (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The interstellar medium may be regarded as a weak wave plate, the linear birefringence arising from the aligned grains which produce interstellar linear polarization. Using the Crab Nebula as a background source of linearly polarized light we have investigated this birefringence by measurements of circular polarization. The circular component is found to vary with the intrinsic linear polarization in a sinusoidal fashion characteristic of a wave plate with the orientation expected from independent measurements of the interstellar linear polarization in the same direction. Measurements of the wavelength dependence, together with the sense and magnitude of the circular polarization are interpreted as evidence for the dielectric nature of the interstellar grain materials. These observations provide a firm basis for a similar interpretation of the circular polarization of reddened stars. The observations of the stars can then be used to study the grain composition and the structure of the magnetic field in many directions in the Galaxy.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Oct. 15
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  • 118
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    The structure of radio sources 3C 273B and 3C 84 deduced from the 'closure' phases and visibility amplitudes observed with three-element interferometers (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The derived 'closure' phase relation for a three-element interferometer is used in a presented analysis of data obtained from observations at 7.8 GHz of the radio sources 3C 273B and 3C 84 by antennas in Massachusetts, California, Alaska, and Sweden (the first two antennas were used in combination with each of the last two separately to form two three-element interferometers). The brightness distribution is found for each source by expansion of both the fringe amplitude and the fringe phase in separate Fourier series.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Oct. 15
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  • 119
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    The temperature gradient in the solar nebula (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The available compositional data on planets and satellites can be used to place stringent limits on the thermal environment in the solar nebula. The densities of the terrestrial planets, Ceres and Vesta, the Galilean satellites, and Titan; the atmospheric compositions of several of these bodies; and geochemical and geophysical data on the earth combine to define a strong dependence of formation temperature on heliocentric distance. It is impossible to reconcile the available compositional data with any model in which the formation temperatures of these bodies are determined by radiative equilibrium with the sun, regardless of the sun's luminosity. Rather, the data support Cameron's hypothesis of a dense, convective solar nebula, opaque to solar radiation, with an adiabatic temperature-pressure profile.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Science; 186; Nov. 1
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  • 120
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    Kinematics of the Orion A molecular cloud (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Examination of the velocity structure of J = 1 to J = 0 emission of CO in the Orion A molecular cloud, including a presentation of extended strip maps in both declination and right ascension intersecting at the position of peak intensity. The results in declination show evidence for large-scale rotation, while the right ascension maps show features which can be interpreted as gravitational condensations. The observed rotation is found to be sufficient to support a density equal to that estimated for the cloud (an H2 number density of about 2000 per cu cm).
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Oct. 1
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  • 121
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    Interstellar abundances toward zeta Ophiuchi (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Extensive Copernicus observations of interstellar absorption lines in front of zeta Oph have been combined with similar ground-based data to give column densities or limits on 26 elements in H I clouds. Compared with solar-system abundances, there is a depletion of most elements relative to hydrogen, except S and Zn, by factors of 3 to 4000. The depletions generally are larger for the higher condensation temperatures.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Oct. 1
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  • 122
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    Optical and X-ray observations of 3U 0614+09 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Based on positional agreement, ultraviolet excess, and spectroscopic peculiarity, the identification of the X-ray source 3U 0614+09 with a faint blue star, previously suggested by Murdin et al. (1974) as a candidate, is established. Four days of X-ray observations at 1-3 A failed to show evidence for significant variability or eclipses. The possibility that this object may be very similar to Sco X-1, but at a distance of 4-8 kpc, is discussed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Oct. 1
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  • 123
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    On the e-process - Its components and their neutron excesses (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The pattern of abundances within the iron-abundance peak of the solar system is analyzed for various Cr, Fe, and Ni abundances, and a method is developed for finding the best fit to a given set of abundances with a chosen number of zones, i.e., mass contributions characterized by differing values of eta. This material can be synthesized by a superposition of e-process compositions in a low-eta region (eta = 0.003) and a high-eta region (eta = 0.065 -0.080) with at least 85% coming from the low-eta region. Addition of a third eta zone is unproductive. The applicability of the particle-poor freeze out is discussed in the light of these abundances, and the results of employing different numbers and types of zones are interpreted as an indication of the relative abundances themselves. Ejection of the low-eta zones is of great interest in gamma-ray astronomy and for empirical testing of theories of nucleosynthesis. The distribution of high zones should give important information about the formation of collapsed remnants.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Oct. 1
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  • 124
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    Model calculations for diffuse molecular clouds (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A local steady-state isobaric model of the interstellar clouds is developed and applied to the OAO-3 observations. The model allows for cooling by C II fine-structure transitions and for inhomogeneities resulting from attenuations in the external radiations which heat the cloud constituents. Factors affecting the thermal properties of the clouds are emphasized; these include H and H2 balance, interstellar grain heating, electron density, and calcium equilibrium. The thermodynamic consequences of the attenuation of the ultraviolet interstellar radiation field are studied. The effect of varying the most important parameters and their allowed ranges is considered. Results indicate that the model is capable of reproducing the H2 fractional abundances and kinetic temperatures observed by OAO-3.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Oct. 1
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  • 125
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    Physics of compact nonthermal sources. III - Energetic considerations (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The energy content of the compact incoherent electron-synchrotron sources 3C 84, 3C 120, 3C 273, 3C 279, 3C 454.3, CTA 102, 3C 446, PKS 2134+004, VRO 42.22.01 and OJ 287 is calculated on the assumption that the low-frequency turnovers in the radio spectrum are due to self-absorption and that the electron distribution is isotropic. The dependence of the source parameters on various modifications of the standard assumptions is determined. These involve relativistic motions, alternate explanations for the low-frequency turnover, proton-synchrotron radiation, and distance to the source. The canonical interpretation is found to be accurate in many respects; some of the difficulties and ways of dealing with them are discussed in detail.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Oct. 1
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  • 126
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    Luminosities and temperatures of M dwarf stars from infrared photometry (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Bolometric magnitudes for a large number of M type dwarf stars, obtained by broadband infrared photometry at 1.65, 2.2, and 3.5 microns, are reviewed. The data obtained indicate that one parameter is sufficient to describe the blanketing in all of the UBVRI bands for all types of M dwarfs. In general, late M dwarfs seem to have lower effective temperatures than are predicted by theoretical models.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astronomical Journal; 79; Oct. 197
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  • 127
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    Radio astronomical determination of ground state transition frequencies of CH (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: From a comparison of the spectra of CH and other molecules toward the continuum source Cas A and four dark clouds, the ground state transition frequencies of CH have been determined and are reported. The relative errors in these frequencies are about twice as small as those obtained earlier by radio astronomical methods for the two main lines of ground state OH.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astronomy and Astrophysics; 34; 3, Se; Sept
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  • 128
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    Results of induced atmosphere measurements from the Apollo program (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Experiments on Apollo missions 15, 16, and 17 were utilized in an attempt to learn about the induced environment in the vicinity of manned spacecraft. Photographic sequences were examined to obtain scattered light data from the spacecraft-generated particulates during quiescence periods and after liquid dumps. The results allowed estimates of the obscuration factor and the clearing times after dumps. It was found that the clearing times were substantially longer than anticipated. The mass spectrometer detected a high molecular flux in lunar orbit which was induced by the spacecraft. It is shown that this is most likely caused by small ice crystals being continually produced in lunar orbit. Other data from the ultraviolet spectrometer and the stellar camera are also analyzed, and estimated values or upper limits are placed on the total scattering background, the size and number of particles generated, the velocity range, and the column density.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7854 , M-464
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  • 129
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    The generation of gravitational waves. 1. Weak-field sources: A plug-in-and-grind formalism (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A plug-in-and-grind formalism is derived for calculating the gravitational waves emitted by any system with weak internal gravitational fields. If the internal fields have negligible influence on the system's motions, then the formalism reduces to standard linearized theory. Whether or not gravity affects the motions, if the motions are slow and internal stresses are weak, then the new formalism reduces to the standard quadrupole-moment formalism. In the general case the new formalism expresses the radiation in terms of a retarded Green's function for slightly curved spacetime, and then breaks the Green's-function integral into five easily understood pieces: direct radiation, produced directly by the motions of the sources; whump radiation, produced by the the gravitational stresses of the source; transition radiation, produced by a time-changing time delay (Shapiro effect) in the propagation of the nonradiative, 1/r field of the source; focussing radiation produced when one portion of the source focusses, in a time-dependent way, the nonradiative field of another portion of the source, and tail radiation, produced by backscatter of the nonradiative field in regions of focussing.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-140864
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  • 130
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    Jupiter radiation belt models (July 1974) (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Flux profiles which were derived from data returned by Pioneer 10 during Jupiter encounter, form the basis for a new set of numerical models for the energy spectra of electrons and protons in Jupiter's inner magnetosphere.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-140845 , JPL-TM-33-715
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  • 131
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    Lunar particle shadows and boundary layer experiment: Plasma and energetic particles on the Apollo 15 and 16 subsatellites (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The lunar particle shadows and boundary layer experiments aboard the Apollo 15 and 16 subsatellites and scientific reduction and analysis of the data to date are discussed with emphasis on four major topics: solar particles; interplanetry particle phenomena; lunar interactions; and topology and dynamics of the magnetosphere at lunar orbit. The studies of solar and interplanetary particles concentrated on the low energy region which was essentially unexplored, and the studies of lunar interaction pointed up the transition from single particle to plasma characteristics. The analysis concentrated on the electron angular distributions as highly sensitive indicators of localized magnetization of the lunar surface. Magnetosphere experiments provided the first electric field measurements in the distant magnetotail, as well as comprehensive low energy particle measurements at lunar distance.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-140371 , SSL-SER-15-ISSUE-31
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  • 132
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    Physical properties of giant planets (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-20
    Description: The chemical identification and physical nature of giant planets are discussed. The phase equilibria of H2-He mixture is briefly described for these large planets.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-142163
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  • 133
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    Spectrophotometry of supernovae (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Studies were made of a type II supernova (SN 1970g in M 101) and a type I supernova (SN 1972e in NGC 5253) covering the wavelength range from 3200 to 10,000 A. The absolute spectral energy distributions show that both types have a continuum that varies slowly and uniformly with time and carries the bulk of the radiated flux at early epochs. Some lines in both types have P Cygni profiles: broad emissions with broad absorptions at their violet edges. Some lines are common to both types and persist throughout the evolution of the spectrum.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Highlights of astronomy. Volume 3; Aug 21, 1973 - Aug 30, 1973; Sydney; Australia
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  • 134
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    Medium resolution stellar spectra in the two-micron region (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The astrophysical implications of available medium resolution spectra in the limited wavelength range from 1.9 to 2.5 microns are considered. Observational techniques are discussed along with features observable at medium resolution. Attention is given to molecular bands of carbon monoxide, water, and cyanogen. Identified atomic features are related to hydrogen, helium, silicon, magnesium, and titanium. Empirical band strength-color relationships are examined, taking into account carbon monoxide in G5-M8 giants and supergiants, the isotopic C-12/C-13 abundance ratio, and water vapor band strengths in late-type stars.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Highlights of astronomy. Volume 3; Aug 21, 1973 - Aug 30, 1973; Sydney; Australia
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  • 135
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    The relationship between velocity gradients and magnetic turbulence in the solar wind (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The correlations among the time derivative of the solar-wind velocity, the magnitude of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), and the IMF turbulence level are examined to test the idea that interaction between two colliding solar-wind streams can generate turbulence in the solar wind and the IMF. Data obtained by Explorer 33 on the solar wind and IMF are described, and the analysis techniques are outlined. The results indicate that the IMF turbulence level, as measured by the variance, is correlated with the existence of positive velocity gradients in the solar wind. It is noted that while the variance is an increasing function of the field magnitude, it is also independently correlated with the solar-wind velocity gradient.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Solar wind three; Third Conference; Mar 25, 1974 - Mar 29, 1974; Pacific Grove, CA
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  • 136
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    Radial gradients in the interplanetary magnetic field between 1.0 and 4.3 AU - Pioneer 10 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Solar wind three; Third Conference; Mar 25, 1974 - Mar 29, 1974; Pacific Grove, CA
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  • 137
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    Petrogenesis of lunar rocks: Rb-Sr constraints and lack of H2O (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Rb and Sr isotopic data and other chemical data indicate major lunar differentiation at about 4.6 AE and very limited subsequent differentiation. The constraints of limited differentiation post 4.6 AE and the apparent lack of H2O on the moon, when applied to the derivation and petrogenesis of lunar samples, suggest the following: (1) soil samples, breccias, metaclastic rocks, and feldspathic basalts represent mixtures of repeatedly-modified clastic material, which was ultimately derived from materials formed during the about 4.6 AE differentiation; and (2) mare basalts crystallized from melts which formed by partial melting and, which developed without equilibration between the melt and crystalline residuum.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-142007 , CONTRIB-2474 , Soviet-Am. Conf. on the Cosmochem. of the Moon and Planets; Jun 01, 1974; Moscow; Soviet Union
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  • 138
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    Analysis of data from satellite experiments (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Identical ultraviolet photometer experiments were carried on the eccentric orbiting OGO-5 spacecraft and on the polar orbiting OGO-6 spacecraft. The experiments operated flawlessly and, due to sophisticated electronic design, allowed signals to be processed accurately over a large dynamic range. Scientific results gained from the post-mission data analysis efforts are summarized.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-142057
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  • 139
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    Quantum descriptions of singularities leading to pair creation (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A class of cosmological models is analyzed which provide a mathematically convenient (but idealized) description of a cosmological singularity that develops into a pair creation epoch and terminates in an adiabatic expansion with redshifting particle energies. This class of models was obtained by Gowdy (1971, 1974) as a set of exact solutions of the classical empty space Einstein equations describing inhomogeneous universes populated only by gravitational waves. It is shown that these models can be used to exhibit simplified models of quantized gravitational fields, and that a quantum description can be given arbitrarily near a cosmological singularity. Graviton pair creation occurs, and can be seen to convert anisotropic expansion rates into the energy of graviton pairs.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Confrontation of cosmological theories with observational data; Symposium; Sep 10, 1973 - Sep 12, 1973; Krakow; Poland
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  • 140
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    Intergalactic matter and radiation and its bearing on galaxy formation and evolution (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: An up-dated review is given of the evidence for the presence of intergalactic matter and radiation in the Universe. It is concluded that the only important constituents which may make a sizable contribution to the total mass-energy are intergalactic gas and condensed objects with a very high mass-to-light ratio. If the QSOs are not at cosmological distances, cold atomic hydrogen may still be the most important constituent and may contribute much more mass than do the galaxies. The X-ray observations still do not unambiguously show that very hot gas is present, though it is very likely on general grounds that some hot gas is present in clusters of galaxies. The question of whether or not large amounts of matter, enough to close the Universe, are present, remains unsettled. From the theoretical standpoint the answer depends almost completely on the approach taken to the problem of galaxy formation and to the cosmological model which is favored.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: The formation and dynamics of galaxies; Symposium; Aug 12, 1973 - Aug 15, 1973; Canberra; Australia
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  • 141
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    Confrontation of Lemaitre models and the cosmological constant with observations (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The history of the cosmological constant and the Lemaitre models is reviewed briefly. Using recent cosmological observations, it is found that the cosmological constant if nonzero must be in absolute value less than 2 times 10 to the negative 56th power per sq cm. The predictions of the Lemaitre models are compared with modern observations. It is shown that Lemaitre models without evolution fail to reproduce the observed radio source counts. The existence of quasars with large redshift (z greater than 2.5) is shown to be strong evidence against the Lemaitre models.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Confrontation of cosmological theories with observational data; Symposium; Sep 10, 1973 - Sep 12, 1973; Krakow; Poland
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  • 142
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    High resolution interferometry of cool stars (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A description is given of results obtained in a program of infrared high resolution spectroscopy of cool stars. The nature of infrared stellar spectra is considered along with questions regarding astrophysics and stellar infrared spectroscopy. An abundance analysis for alpha Ori (Betelgeuse) is conducted. The C-12/C-13 abundance ratio is examined and attention is given to the O-16/O-18 and O-16/O-17 abundance ratios. M stars and SiO vibration-rotation bands are discussed and questions regarding the characteristics of the molecular hydrogen quadrupole vibration-rotation lines are explored.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Highlights of astronomy. Volume 3; Aug 21, 1973 - Aug 30, 1973; Sydney; Australia
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  • 143
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    Mechanisms for the emission and absorption of gravitational radiation (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Following some introductory comments on the fundamentals or first principles governing jointly the emission and absorption of gravitational waves, a list is given of observational targets or goals for gravitational wave astronomy which have been selected from recent critical reviews. Then theoretical studies of plunge radiation and gravitational synchrotron radiation are surveyed, since in this area new techniques are developing rapidly although new observational prospects have not yet been found.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Gravitational radiation and gravitational collapse; Symposium; Sep 05, 1973 - Sep 08, 1973; Warsaw; Poland
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  • 144
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    Issues in gravitational wave detection with space missions (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Two masses freely orbiting in the solar system, separated by several astronomical units, are proposed as antennas for the detection of monochromatic gravitational radiation emitted by double stars. If one of these masses was an artificial satellite, then relative acceleration could be measured by the Doppler effect on the satellite radio signal. A highly accurate clock would have to be invented and incorporated into the tracking network in order for this plan to be feasible.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Gravitational waves and radiations; International Conference; Jun 18, 1973 - Jun 22, 1973; Paris; France
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  • 145
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    Observation of a driver gas-tangential discontinuity (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A complete analysis of an interplanetary disturbance of Nov. 19, 1970 using the Apollo 12-SIDE (Suprathermal Ion Detector Experiment) is presented. The SIDE detectors were pointing at 26.3 degrees from the normal solar-wind direction during the observations. The data were least-squares fitted (using a parabolic hypersurface approximation) to a convected Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution function. The results of the fit combined with two other experiments showed a drastic change in the wind speed (from an steady 352 km/sec down to 219 km/sec), direction, and temperature. Except for a delta-function increase at the onset, the density remained constant. There was a considerable enhancement in the abundance of He and probably of heavier elements. The interplanetary magnetic field exhibited a jump of 21 gamma with a change in latitude from -56 to -76 degrees in solar ecliptic coordinates. It is concluded that the disturbance was due to the driver gas-tangential discontinuity of a solar flare-induced shock wave. The characteristic of the tangential discontinuity fit well with theoretical prediction.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: International Symposium on Solar-Terrestrial Physics; Jun 17, 1974 - Jun 22, 1974; Sao Paulo; Brazil
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  • 146
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    The spectrum of density perturbations in an expanding universe (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The basic dynamic equations that govern the evolution of perturbations in a Friedmann-Lemaitre universe are derived. General solutions describing the evolution of adiabatic perturbations in the density of matter are obtained, and the choice of the appropriate initial conditions is examined. The various perturbation modes are compared, and the effects of decoupling on the perturbation spectrum are studied. The scheme used to follow the evolution of density perturbations through decoupling is based on an extension of the Eddington approximation to the radiative transfer equation, and is strictly valid in both optically thick and thin limits.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Confrontation of cosmological theories with observational data; Symposium; Sep 10, 1973 - Sep 12, 1973; Krakow; Poland
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  • 147
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    Propagation of solar disturbances in interplanetary space (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Time-dependent solutions of a one-fluid model of the interplanetary medium are investigated. This set of unsteady hydrodynamic equations has been written in conservation form in order to apply the Lax-Wendroff method for the solution of this problem. The initial condition is specified by a pulse at 1 solar radius. The equilibrium condition is chosen to be the steady solution of a quiet solar wind. The specified solar disturbances in this calculation are allowed to be both sub- and supersonic by the present theoretical formulation. The results are presented in terms of density, velocity, and temperature profiles of the interplanetary gas flow at heliocentric distances up to about 10 AU at any particular time. The trajectories of disturbances for various initial pulses are shown. Some 1972 solar-flare observational data are compared with these theoretical calculations. From these calculations, the effects on the interplanetary environment, due to the propagation of solar disturbances, can be determined.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: International Symposium on Solar-Terrestrial Physics; Jun 17, 1974 - Jun 22, 1974; Sao Paulo; Brazil
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  • 148
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    Mariner 10 interplanetary magnetic field observations - Preliminary results (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The results being reported consist primarily of distributions of the hourly average field large-scale properties and fluctuation characteristics by solar rotation for the time interval 7 November 1973 to 5 April 1974, as well as the variation of the daily average field as a function of the distance from the sun between 1 and 0.46 AU. The data indicate that the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) generally increases with decreasing distance from the sun; the field magnitude distribution broadened as Mariner 10 approached Mercury; the positive sector of the IMF tended to rotate progressively toward the theoretical spiral field direction; and magnitude fluctuations increased with increasing distance from the sun, while vector field fluctuations tended to decrease. Data on radial dependence of the IMF were not consistent with theoretical models and did not coincide with extrapolations based on data gathered by Mariner 4 and 5. Comprehensive graphs and charts illustrate all the data obtained by Mariner 10.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: International Symposium on Solar-Terrestrial Physics; Jun 17, 1974 - Jun 22, 1974; Sao Paulo; Brazil
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  • 149
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    Neutron stars - General review (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A review is presented of those properties of neutron stars upon which there is general agreement and of those areas which currently remain in doubt. Developments in theoretical physics of neutron star interiors are summarized with particular attention devoted to hyperon interactions and the structure of interior layers. Determination of energy states and the composition of matter is described for successive layers, beginning with the surface and proceeding through the central region into the core. Problems encountered in determining the behavior of matter in the ultra-high density regime are discussed, and the effects of the magnetic field of a neutron star are evaluated along with the behavior of atomic structures in the field. The evolution of a neutron star is outlined with discussion centering on carbon detonation, cooling, vibrational damping, rotation, and pulsar glitches. The role of neutron stars in cosmic-ray propagation is considered.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysics and gravitation; Sixteenth Solvay Conference on Physics; Sep 24, 1973 - Sep 28, 1973; Brussels; Belgium
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  • 150
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    Instabilities connected with neutral sheets in the solar wind (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A preliminary study is presented of two sets of data obtained by HEOS 1 and OGO 5 in the solar wind, which reveal the internal structure of two neutral sheets and their two-dimensional structure. HEOS 1 observations of the effects of the tearing mode instability in one of the sheets are described, including complicated structures connected with the sector boundary, sharp increases and decreases in the magnetic field intensity, and the presence of closed loops. HEOS 1 and OGO 5 observations of large oscillations due to plasma pressure imbalances are discussed, and it is concluded that an interchange instability may have been observed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Solar wind three; Third Conference; Mar 25, 1974 - Mar 29, 1974; Pacific Grove, CA
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  • 151
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    Nuclei of planetary nebulae (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The nuclei of planetary nebulae are examined both observationally and theoretically. It is seen that the region occupied by these stars in the logT-logL diagram is quite wide but consistent with a general progression of stars from high to low luminosity, with a noticeable but not large increase in luminosity during the early phase. The 'evolutionary path' is intrinsically quite wide and may indicate the evolution of stars under different conditions or non-monotonic passage along the mean path. Among the several theoretical approaches to this subject, only the double shell burning models seem to offer enough luminosity and short enough timescales to match the observations.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Late stages of stellar evolution; Symposium; Sep 10, 1973 - Sep 12, 1973; Warsaw; Poland
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  • 152
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    Physics of sub-micron cosmic dust particles (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Laboratory tests with simulated micrometeoroids to measure the heat transfer coefficient are discussed. Equations for ablation path length for electrically accelerated micrometeoroids entering a gas target are developed which yield guidelines for the laboratory measurement of the heat transfer coefficient. Test results are presented for lanthanum hexaboride (LaB sub 6) microparticles in air, argon, and oxygen targets. The tests indicate the heat transfer coefficient has a value of approximately 0.9 at 30 km/sec, and that it increases to approximately unity at 50 km/sec and above. Test results extend to over 100 km/sec. Results are also given for two types of small particle detectors. A solid state capacitor type detector was tested from 0.61 km/sec to 50 km/sec. An impact ionization type detector was tested from 1.0 to 150 km/sec using LaB sub 6 microparticles.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-142185 , TRW-24059-6003-RU-00
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  • 153
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    Interplanetary stream magnetism: Kinematic effects (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The particle density, and the magnetic field intensity and direction are calculated in corotating streams of the solar wind, assuming that the solar wind velocity is constant and radial and that its azimuthal variations are not two rapid. The effects of the radial velocity profile in corotating streams on the magnetic fields were examined using kinematic approximation and a variety of field configurations on the inner boundary. Kinematic and dynamic effects are discussed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-70836 , X-690-74-344
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  • 154
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    Explanation of the computer listings of Faraday factors for INTASAT users (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Using a simplified form of the Appleton-Hartree formula for the phase refractive index, a relationship was obtained between the Faraday rotation angle along the angular path and the total electron content along the vertical path, intersecting the angular at the height of maximum electron density. Using the second mean value theorem of integration, the function B cosine theta second chi was removed from under the integral sign and replaced by a 'mean' value. The mean value factors were printed on the computer listing for 39 stations receiving signals from the INTASAT satellite during the specified time period. The data is presented by station and date. Graphs are included to demonstrate the variation of the Faraday factor with local time and season, with magnetic latitude, elevation and azimuth angles. Other topics discussed include a description of the bent ionospheric model, the earth's magnetic field model, and the sample computer listing.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-143691 , ASC-74-F-015
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  • 155
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    The magnetic field of Mercury, part 1 (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An updated analysis and interpretation is presented of the magnetic field observations obtained during the Mariner 10 encounter with the planet Mercury. The combination of data relating to position of the detached bow shock wave and magnetopause, and the geometry and magnitude of the magnetic field within the magnetosphere-like region surrounding Mercury, lead to the conclusion that an internal planetary field exists with dipole moment approximately 5.1 x 10 the 22nd power Gauss sq cm. The dipole axis has a polarity sense similar to earth's and is tilted 7 deg from the normal to Mercury's orbital plane. The magnetic field observations reveal a significant distortion of the modest Hermean field (350 Gamma at the equator) by the solar wind flow and the formation of a magnetic tail and neutral sheet which begins close to the planet on the night side. The composite data is not consistent with a complex induction process driven by the solar wind flow.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-70832 , X-690-75-32-PT-1
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  • 156
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    Small bodies and the outer planets and Appendices 1 and 2 (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Correlations of asteroid spectral reflectivity characteristics with orbital parameters have been sought. Asteroid proper elements and extreme heliocentric distance were examined. Only general trends were noted, primarily red asteroids and asteroids with IR (.95 micron) absorption bands are concentrated toward the inner part of the belt. Also, asteroids with the pyroxene band tend to have larger proper eccentricities relative to non-banded asteroids.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-142085
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  • 157
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    Microscale Alfven waves in the solar wind at 1 AU (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Analysis of IMP 1 (Explorer 43) plasma and magnetic field fluctuations on a scale of one hour revealed that linearly and circularly polarized Alfven waves are rarely present in the solar wind at 1 AU. The most prevalent microscale fluctuations appeared to be large-amplitude Alfven waves with small but non-zero fluctuations in the magnetic field intensity. These waves are present about 40% of the time and are predominantly propagating away from the sun.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-70793 , X-692-74-329
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  • 158
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    Jupiters radiation belts and their effects on spacecraft (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The effects of electron and proton radiation on spacecraft which will operate in the trapped radiation belts of the planet Jupiter are described, and the techniques and results of the testing and simulation used in the radiation effects program are discussed. Available data from the Pioneer 10 encounter of Jupiter are compared with pre-encounter models of the Jupiter radiation belts. The implications that the measured Jovian radiation belts have for future missions are considered.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-140841 , JPL-TM-33-708
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  • 159
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    On the use of Godhavn H-component as an indicator of the interplanetary sector polarity (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An objective method of inferring the polarity of the interplanetary magnetic field using the H-component at Godhavn is presented. The objectively inferred polarities are compared with a subjective index inferred earlier. It is concluded that no significant difference exists between the two methods. The inferred polarities derived from Godhavn H is biased by the (slp) sub q signature in the sense that during summer prolonged intervals of geomagnetic calm will result in inferred Away polarity regardless of the actual sector polarity. This bias does not significantly alter the large scale structure of the inferred sector structure.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-140858 , SU-IPR-596
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  • 160
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    Features of polar cusp electron precipitation associated with a large magnetic storm (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Measurements of precipitating electrons made by the OGO-4 satellite reveal several interesting phenomena in the polar cusp. Extremely high fluxes of 0.7 keV electrons were observed in the polar cusp ninety minutes following the sudden commencement of a very large magnetic storm. Structured, fairly high fluxes of 7.3 keV electrons were also observed in the cusp region, accompanied by very strong search coil magnetometer fluctuations, indicative of strong field-aligned currents. The observations confirm previously reported latitudinal shifts in the location of the polar cusp in response to southward interplanetary magnetic fields.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-70792 , X-626-74-326
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  • 161
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    Changes in zodiacal light with heliocentric distance - Preliminary results from Pioneer 10 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
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  • 162
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    Results of the asteroid/meteoroid particle experiment on Pioneer 10 /1.0-3.3 AU/ (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: The asteroid/meteoroid detector (Sisyphus), an optical array to measure particle size and orbit, has been performing successfully on Pioneer 10 since it was initially activated on 9 March 1972. During the first ten months of operation over 200 meteoroid and asteroid events were detected between 1.0 and 3.3 AU. These events are being analyzed to determine the spatial concentration as a function of heliocentric distance. The early results of these analyses are presented with particular emphasis on the distribution in the asteroid belt. Preliminary orbital parameters for some particles which have been analyzed are presented with a discussion of instrumental limitations.
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  • 163
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    The radial dependence of the zodiacal light (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: The asteroid/meteoroid detector (Sisyphus) has, in addition to its primary role of detecting and analyzing individual meteoroids, been used for measuring the brightness of the night sky from its platform on board the Pioneer 10 spacecraft. This spacecraft has traversed the asteroid belt and will fly by Jupiter in December 1973. It was quickly found that the brightness of the night sky in the antisolar hemisphere decreased rapidly with increasing distance from the sun. This decrease is due solely to the decrease in the brightness of the zodiacal light. The heliocentric dependence of the zodiacal light has been deduced from several months of data. Some data are shown to illustrate the sensitivity of the instrument to features in the night sky and the technique used for subtracting out the integrated brightness due to starlight is described. Preliminary results showing the decrease of the zodiacal light with solar distance is not inconsistent with an inverse square dependence.
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    Mariner 4 - A study of the cumulative flux of dust particles over a heliocentric range of 1-1.56 AU 1964-1967 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: Between December 1964 and December 1967, the Mariner 4 dust particle experiment obtained data concerning the distribution of minute zodiacal dust cloud particles over a heliocentric range of 1-1.56 AU. The first measurement was over the complete heliocentric range, while the two additional measurements were made between 1.1 and 1.25 AU in 1966, and between 1.2 and 1.5 AU in 1967. The initial results of these measurements presented the mean cumulative flux for the respective data periods. The results of a detailed study and comparison of the three measurements are presented, with particular emphasis on the variation of the flux as a function of heliocentric range. A small, but statistically significant, increase in the flux is observed between 1.15 and 1.4 AU. The initial reports showed a lower cumulative flux for the latter two measurements. However, a detailed analysis containing corrections for spacecraft attitude indicate that all three measurements yield similar results, and that the particles detected were in low inclination orbits.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
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  • 165
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    Analysis of Skylab/Apollo Telescope Mount S-056 observations based on a force-free magnetic field model (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: Data obtained from the S-056 X-ray experiment on Skylab/ATM have been analyzed based on the assumption that the magnetic fields in the chromosphere and lower corona are force-free. Underlying the analysis is the hypothesis that the observed X-ray filaments coincide with magnetic field lines. The photographic recording of the filaments can then be compared with the projection along the line of sight of the computed magnetic field lines of the model. Ground-based observations of the longitudinal magnetic field component complement the X-ray data and are used in the theoretical interpretation.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: AIAA PAPER 74-1235
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  • 166
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    Near-earth cosmic dust results from S-149 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: Three space exposures (34, 46 and 33 days) of thin films and polished metal plates with a total area of 0.12 sq m per exposure were carried out during Skylab via the S-149 experiment. Study of the materials recovered indicates that the S-149 experiment contains important information concerning cosmic dust in the near-earth vicinity. Craters and penetration holes have been found ranging from 135 micron diameter to less than 0.5 micron. A cosmic dust flux curve in the mass range from 10 to the minus 16th to 10 to the minus 7th grams is presented. Evidence is given concerning the directional characteristics of the particles and their breakup in near-earth space is presented.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: AIAA PAPER 74-1226
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  • 167
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    Line absorption studies of the interstellar gas near 1 million GHz (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Copernicus satellite now opens up the ultraviolet region for inspection, and the number of resonance lines which may be studied has increased from 6, seen in the visible, to more than 30. The distribution and properties of an important constituent of the interstellar gas, molecular hydrogen, can be studied in detail using this instrument. A more comprehensive picture may now be developed for element depletion factors, electron densities, and sources of ionization (UV photons, low energy cosmic and X-rays).
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Galactic radio astronomy; Symposium, Maroochydore; Sep 03, 1973 - Sep 07, 1973; Queensland; Australia
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  • 168
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    Recent observations of quasi-stellar objects (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Some observational results are discussed which have a bearing on the problem of QSO redshifts. A general description of QSO absorption-line spectra is presented, and the spectra of four objects are reviewed. The hypothesis is advanced that production of absorption lines at many different redshifts is due to line-locking. Two QSOs with redshifts greater than 3 are described, and questions raised by the discovery of a double QSO with two different redshifts are discussed. Efforts to determine associations between QSOs and galaxies are outlined, and some questions are posed concerning physical models, effects of strong gravitational fields, and different types of QSOs.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysics and gravitation; Sixteenth Solvay Conference on Physics; Sep 24, 1973 - Sep 28, 1973; Brussels; Belgium
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  • 169
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    Preliminary results on Comet Kohoutek - Interactions with the solar wind (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A preliminary summary is presented for the types of data obtained on possible interactions between Comet Kohoutek and the solar wind. The data include Pioneer 8 solar wind density measurements along a line of sight through or near the comet's position; Pioneer 6 plasma measurements near the projected position of the ion tail 100 million km from the nucleus; Lyman-alpha observations of the cometary hydrogen cloud from Skylab and Mariner 10; and ground-based radio, spectroscopic, and photographic observations. Preliminary analysis of some data is provided.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Solar wind three; Third Conference; Mar 25, 1974 - Mar 29, 1974; Pacific Grove, CA
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  • 170
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    On the theory of large amplitude Alfven waves (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Solutions of the MHD equations are derived, which describe the propagation of nonplanar large-amplitude Alfven waves in an infinite homogeneous plasma with no background flow. Some features of interplanetary Alfven waves are discussed, and a typical solution is described qualitatively.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Solar wind three; Third Conference; Mar 25, 1974 - Mar 29, 1974; Pacific Grove, CA
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  • 171
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    A model for the propagation of flare-associated interplanetary shock waves (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Solar wind three; Third Conference; Mar 25, 1974 - Mar 29, 1974; Pacific Grove, CA
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  • 172
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    How to test gravitation theories by means of gravitational-wave measurements (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Gravitational-wave experiments are a potentially powerful tool for testing gravitation theories. Most theories in the literature predict rather different polarization properties for gravitational waves than are predicted by general relativity; and many theories predict anomalies in the propagation speeds of gravitational waves.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Gravitational waves and radiations; International Conference; Jun 18, 1973 - Jun 22, 1973; Paris; France
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  • 173
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    Radiation from highly relativistic geodesics (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A number of recent works are reviewed concerning the generation and emission of gravitational waves. It is shown that at high frequencies, the generation of gravitational radiation is a local phenomenon. Two examples are described illustrating this generation when a high-energy particle collides against the space-time curvature. One, after Matzner and Nutku, uses a method of virtual photons; the other, after Chrzanowski and Misner, is based on the W.K.B. approximation, corresponding to geometric optics, for the inhomogeneous wave equation. This method uses a factorized integral representation of the Green function which is valid asymptotically to infinity in space.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Gravitational waves and radiations; International Conference; Jun 18, 1973 - Jun 22, 1973; Paris; France
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  • 174
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    The chemical composition and distribution of interstellar grains (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The chemical composition of interstellar grains is derived here on the basis of (1) the cosmic abundance of the elements; (2) the wavelength dependence of extinction and polarization; (3) the average total extinction; (4) the ratio of polarization to extinction; (5) the predominantly dielectric character of grains in the visible spectral region; and (6) infrared spectral characteristics of grains. Inferences of the core-mantle model with respect to spatial distribution are consistent with the proposition that growth of the mantles occurs in the galactic shock region predicted by the density-wave theory. Estimates of the total visual extinction toward the galactic center and the consequent estimates of the total amount of far infrared radiation are shown to depend critically on the grain model. Variations of the ratio of far ultraviolet to visual extinction are correlated with the conditions for growth of mantles on the bare small particles which are generally prevented from accreting mantles primarily because of their extreme temperature fluctuations produced by the ultraviolet photons in the radiation field.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Galactic radio astronomy; Symposium, Maroochydore; Sep 03, 1973 - Sep 07, 1973; Queensland; Australia
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  • 175
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    The masses of the galaxies and the mass-energy in the universe (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysics and gravitation; Sixteenth Solvay Conference on Physics; Sep 24, 1973 - Sep 28, 1973; Brussels; Belgium
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  • 176
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    The radial gradient and the role of turbulence in the solar system (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Pioneer 10 observations from the Ames Research Center Plasma Analyzer experiment between 1 and 3 AU have been used to estimate the power spectra of the solar wind proton streaming speed. The power spectra indicate that significant turbulence on the scale of 1,000,000 km or more is present throughout this range of heliocentric distances, implying the importance of the role of large scale turbulence between 1 and 3 AU.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Solar wind three; Third Conference; Mar 25, 1974 - Mar 29, 1974; Pacific Grove, CA
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  • 177
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    Binary stellar winds (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Stellar winds from a binary star pair will interact with each other along a contact discontinuity. We discuss qualitatively the geometry of the flow and field resulting from this interaction in the simplest case where the stars and winds are identical. We consider the shape of the critical surface (defined as the surface where the flow speed is equal to the sound speed) as a function of stellar separation and the role of shock waves in the flow field. The effect of stellar spin and magnetic sectors on the field configuration is given. The relative roles of mass loss and magnetic torque in the evolution of orbital parameters is discussed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Solar wind three; Third Conference; Mar 25, 1974 - Mar 29, 1974; Pacific Grove, CA
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  • 178
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    The evolution of the Andes (1973)
    In:  Sci. Am., Leipzig, Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, vol. 232, no. 8, pp. 60-69, pp. L07302, (ISSN 0016-8548, ISBN 3-510-50045-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1973
    Keywords: Plate tectonics ; Tectonics ; Subduction zone ; Volcanology ; Geol. aspects ; South ; America ; orogeny ; SciAm
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  • 179
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    Contemporary compressive stress and seismicity in eastern North America: An example of intraplate tectonics (1973)
    In:  Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., Hokkaido University, Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, vol. 84, no. 5, pp. 1861-1882, pp. 2339, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1973
    Keywords: Stress ; Seismicity ; Fault plane solution, focal mechanism ; Tectonics
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  • 180
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    Earthquake prediction: A physical basis (1973)
    In:  Science, Dordrecht, Netherlands, Dr. W. Junk, vol. 181, no. 41, pp. 803-810, pp. L13307, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1973
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Dual Induction Latero logAT
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  • 181
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    Die strukturelle Lage der subsequenten Effusiva der Varisziden Zentraleuropas, Mittelasiens und Kasachstans (1973)
    ZIPE
    In:  Stockwerkbau und Felderteilung, Potsdam, ZIPE, vol. 94, no. 2, pp. 245-256, pp. 5091692, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1973
    Keywords: Garetsky ; Tectonics ; Volcanology ; EUROPROBE (Geol. and Geophys. in eastern Europe) ; Geol. aspects
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  • 182
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    Stress diffusion from plate boundaries (1973)
    In:  Nature, Leipzig, Birkhäuser Verlag, vol. 243, no. 54, pp. 339-341, pp. 2366, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1973
    Keywords: Stress ; Tectonics ; Fault zone
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  • 183
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    Wege zur Erdbebenvorhersage (1973)
    In:  Umschau, Luxembourg, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, vol. 73, no. 7, pp. 217-218, pp. L18610, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1973
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Review article ; Seismology ; Tectonics ; Energy (of earthquakes) ; Magnitude ; Mmax
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  • 184
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    A search for tectonomagnetic effects in California and western Nevada (1973)
    Stanford University Press
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Proceedings of Conference on Tectonic Problems of the San Andreas Fault System, Rotterdam, Stanford University Press, vol. 14, no. 16, pp. 225-239, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1973
    Keywords: Geomagnetics ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake precursor: magnetic ; Tectonics
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  • 185
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    Kuzey Anadolu fay zonunum Gerede ile Ilgaz arasindaki kisminda jeolojik gozlemler: Symposium on the North Anatolian Fault and Earthquake Belt (1973)
    Maden Teknik Arama Enst.
    In:  Ankara 12.29, Maden Teknik Arama Enst., vol. 3, no. ALEX(01)-FR-77-01, AFTAC Contract F08606-76-C-0025, pp. 329, (ISBN 1-903544-06-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1973
    Keywords: Turkey ; Tectonics
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  • 186
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    Tectonic implications of the 1944 Tonankai and 1946 Nankaido earthquakes (1972)
    In:  Phys. Earth Plan. Int., Tokyo, Tokyo University, vol. 5, no. 9, pp. 129-139, pp. 2265, (ISSN 0016-8548, ISBN 3-510-50045-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1972
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Tectonics ; Japan ; PEPI
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  • 187
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    Rupture zones of large American earthquakes and some predictions (1972)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., New York, Allerton Press, vol. 77, no. 29, pp. 2087-2103, pp. 2152, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1972
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Fracture ; Fault zone ; JGR ; FROTH ; (abstract)
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  • 188
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    Active tectonics of the Mediterranean region (1972)
    In:  Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc., New York, August, vol. 30, no. 3-4, pp. 109-185, pp. 1610, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1972
    Keywords: Tectonics ; Turkey ; GJRaS ; FROTH ; (abstract) ; HWOITH
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  • 189
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    Einführung in die tektonischen Arbeitsmethoden - Schichtenlagerung und bruchlose Verformung (1972)
    In:  Clausthaler Tektonische Hefte, Tokyo, Terra Scientific Publishing Company, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 367-369, pp. B03312, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1972
    Keywords: Geol. aspects ; Tectonics ; Layers ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain)
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  • 190
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    Tectonic patterns in the northern Red Sea region (1971)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Beijing, Pergamon, vol. 76, no. 17, pp. 2674-2689, pp. 2135
    Details
    Publication Date: 1971
    Keywords: Tectonics ; Plate tectonics ; JGR
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  • 191
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    Der Oberrheingraben - Modell eines Prinzips von Bau und Bewegung der Erde (1971)
    In:  Fredericana, Zeitschrift der Univ. Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, vol. 9, no. 11/12, pp. 47-78, pp. L08309, (ISSN 0016-8548, ISBN 3-510-50045-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1971
    Keywords: Tectonics ; Geol. aspects ; Fault zone ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Review article
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  • 192
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    Earthquake Prediction Program in the People's Republic of China (1971)
    In:  Eos, Trans., Am. Geophys. Un., Heidelberg, 3-4, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 940-943, pp. 1516, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1971
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Project report/description ; FROTH ; (abstract)
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  • 193
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    Aftershock zones of great earthquakes, seismicity gaps, and earthquake prediction for Alaska and the Aleutians (1971)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 76, no. 3, pp. 8021-8041, pp. 2090, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1971
    Keywords: Aftershocks ; Statistical investigations ; Seismicity ; Subduction zone ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Seismology ; JGR
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  • 194
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    A stable particle component 30 to 400 keV in interplanetary space (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Res. in the Space Sci., v. 2; 21 p
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  • 195
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    Recent horizontal deformation of the Earth's crust and tectonic activity in Japan (1970)
    In:  Bull. Earthq. Res. Inst. Univ. Tokyo, Tokyo, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 413-430, pp. L01306, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1970
    Keywords: Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Tectonics
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  • 196
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    The implications of terrestrial heat flow observations on current tectonic and geochemical models of the crust and upper mantle of the earth (1970)
    In:  Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc., Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 509-542, pp. 1006, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1970
    Keywords: Geothermics ; Geochemistry ; Tectonics ; GJRaS
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  • 197
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    Flexural rigidity, thickness, and viscosity of the lithosphere (1970)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 75, no. B3, pp. 3941-3954, pp. B01308, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1970
    Keywords: Tectonics ; Rheology ; buckling ; Plate tectonics ; JGR
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  • 198
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    Earthquake predictions from fault movement and strain precursors in California (1970)
    Reidel
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Earthquake Displacement Fields and the Rotation of the Earth, Dordrecht, Reidel, vol. 20, no. XVI:, pp. 234-245, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1970
    Keywords: Dislocation ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain ; Earthquake precursor: stresses ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; FROTH ; BO, ; RUB, ; GMG: ; MB1809, ; 3.00.5
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  • 199
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    Seismic radiation from explosions in prestressed media and the measurement of tectonic stress in the earth (1970)
    In:  Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., Amsterdam, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, vol. 8, no. Feb., pp. 473-499, pp. 1390
    Details
    Publication Date: 1970
    Keywords: Nuclear explosion ; Stress ; Tectonics ; Stress drop
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  • 200
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    Implications of plate tectonics for the Cenozoic tectonic evolution of western North America (1970)
    In:  Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., Minsk, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, vol. 81, no. 42, pp. 3513-3536, pp. B12308
    Details
    Publication Date: 1970
    Keywords: Geol. aspects ; Tectonics ; Plate tectonics ; GSA
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