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  • Articles  (12)
  • cluster analysis  (12)
  • 1970-1974  (12)
  • 1955-1959
  • Geosciences  (12)
  • Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
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  • Articles  (12)
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  • Geosciences  (12)
  • Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
  • Mathematics  (12)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical classification applied to certain Jamaican eocene nummulitids (1971)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 3 (1971), S. 297-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: classification ; cluster analysis ; discriminant analysis ; numerical taxonomy ; paleontology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Eighty-eight specimens of Eocene nummulitids from the Yellow Limestone Formation of northwestern Jamaica are classified according to quantitative measurements of morphologic parameters that are generally considered to be taxonomically useful. The specimens are grouped into homogeneous classes by the computer screening of differently oriented data projections. By this method, the use of similarity coefficients and the question of a priori weighting of characters, for which numerical taxonomy has been heavily criticized, are both avoided. The stability of the classes thus obtained is validated by discriminant analysis. These techniques provide an objective view of phenetic differences among specimens and show how the measured characters produce those differences. Tightness of coiling and total number of whorls, prove to be the most useful features in discriminating between groups but seem to have taxonomic value only at the specific and not at the generic level. This suggests that the generaOperculinoides andNummulites are synonymous.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02045797
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computer program to analyze directional data, based on the methods of Fisher and Watson (1972)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 4 (1972), S. 177-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: cluster analysis ; factor analysis ; mapping ; statistics ; petrology ; structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Based on the methods of Fisher and Watson,Fortran iv computer programs are presented for the following analyses of directional observations on the sphere: (1) to determine if points are randomly distributed; (2) to estimate the azimuth and inclination of the center (mean direction) of a cluster and to estimate the precision (closeness) with which points are clustered; (3) to determine if two or more clusters have the same mean direction; (4) to determine if two clusters have the same precision of clustering; and (5) to locate the pole of a greatcircle girdle of points. Limitations of these analyses for undirected directional observations on the hemisphere also are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311717
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numeric examination of multivariate soil samples (1971)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 3 (1971), S. 1-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: classification ; cluster analysis ; principal components analysis ; numerical taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Numerical methods for the examination of multivariate soil samples are presented in geometric terms. Techniques of coordinate representation by principal components, by nonmetric scaling, and by a new method are discussed, as are techniques for agglomerative hierarchic cluster analysis. These are illustrated by two sets of previously published data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02047429
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preliminary assessment of a nonlinear mapping algorithm in a geological context (1973)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 5 (1973), S. 39-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: classification ; cluster analysis ; dimensionality reduction ; mapping ; multivariate analysis ; principal-components analysis ; general geology ; geochemistry ; paleontology ; petrology ; stratigraphy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A new algorithm has been developed by J. W. Sammon for the nonlinear-point mapping of high-dimensional data in two dimensions such that the inherent structure of the data is approximately preserved. This paper describes results using several sets of geologic data including stratigraphic thickness, petrographic modal analysis, and morphological or geochemical measurements. Comparisons are made with hierarchical cluster analysis using dendrogram representation. Initial results are encouraging and suggest that the technique could have widespread geological applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02114086
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of factor analysis to classification of engineering-geological environments (1974)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 6 (1974), S. 17-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: cluster analysis ; factor analysis ; engineering geology ; soils
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The engineering-geological environment, as any other geological environment, can be described by a number of variables. A clustering of those variables or clustering of their quantities makes it possible to divide the environment into taxonomic types. It is also possible to determine factors which are functions of those variables and which characterize the environment or its parts. In this paper we have applied R-and Q-mode factor analysis to engineering-geological research, concentrating our attention on establishing criteria for subdividing an environment into various aspects by its engineering-geological characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02111924
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative discrimination between magmatic units of the singhbhum granite (1971)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 3 (1971), S. 123-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: cluster analysis ; distance functions ; mineralogy ; petrology ; structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The weight-percent values of four mineralogic variables (quartz, K feldspar, color index, and muscovite) for 10 sets of granitic rocks (20–50 samples in each set) from magmatic units of the Singhbhum granite were used for (1) computation of the Mahalanobis' generalized distance functions (D 2) between all pairs of the 10 sets, (2) testing significance of the difference between the multivariate means, and (3) computation of the linear discriminant functions between all possible pairs of the sets. The 10 data sets are for six magmatic units which belong to three successive but closely related phases of emplacement. The multivariate means for all sets are significantly different except for those between two of the sets of phase I. Cluster analysis on the basis of theD 2 values enables the 10 sets to be placed into four distinct groups. Group A includes two subgroups, one of which consists of two sets representing typical members of phase I; the other subgroup includes two sets which are typical of phase II. Group B includes two sets which are typical of phase III. The other four sets do not group with the typical representatives of the three phases, probably because of certain special conditions of their emplacement. A separate series ofD 2 computation from the same data, but excluding the color index, was unsuccessful in making the four aberrant sets group with the typical members of the respective phases. Efficient LDF's could be determined for discrimination between most pairs of the 10 sets of granite rocks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02045956
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multivariate discriminant analysis of bioclastic turbidites (1972)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 4 (1972), S. 249-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: cluster analysis ; discriminant analysis ; principal-components analysis ; geochemistry ; sedimentology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A piston core from the southern Blake Basin penetrated nine distinct bioclastic carbonate turbidites separated by pelagic terrigenous clay units. X-ray diffraction analysis of the carbonate mineralogy of the graded, laminated, and homogenous units of the individual turbidite units indicated a general loss of unstable carbonates in the homogenous unit beyond that contained in the lower two units. Univariate and multivariate statistical tests were employed to determine the significance of the changes and to determine if different units of a turbidite sequence could be consistently grouped by statistical methods. Principal components, discriminant function, and cluster analysis were used in the multivariate tests. The graded and laminated units were closely related in mineralogy with little significant differences. The mineralogy of the homogenous units was significantly different than that of the other two units except in one example. Cluster analysis generated five groupings of the samples with the end members consisting of graded and laminated units at one end and homogenous units at the other.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311721
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The statistical zap versus the shotgun approach (1974)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 6 (1974), S. 311-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: canonical correlation ; cluster analysis ; correlation ; discriminant analysis ; factor analysis ; multivariate analysis ; numerical taxonomy ; principal coordinates ; regression analysis ; statistics ; allometry ; eurypterids ; integration and coordination ; ontogeny ; paleontology ; relative growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Multivariate analysis is used in the search for one or more types of structure. The statistical zap applies a single method to determine one preselected type of structure. Several zaps suffice to ascertain several types of structure. The statistical shotgun represents an alternative approach. Here, a series of methods is applied to the data with the intent of ascertaining all possible types of structure that may exist. If strong structure is present, an appropriate zap will probably reveal it, and a variety of techniques will determine the same general structure. If only the main structure is required, the zap is adequate. In this situation, the shotgun will display a basic consistency which is at least reassuring. However, zaps may fail to detect a more subtle secondary structure of geological interest which will be displayed by the shotgun. For weakly structured data, a zap will only determine one type of structure but the shotgun reveals all. Study of the ontogeny of Parastylonurus myops(Clarke), a Lower Silurian eurypterid from New York (USA) shows the virtues of the statistical shotgun.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02082354
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantified coefficients of association and measurement of similarity (1974)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 6 (1974), S. 135-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: classification ; cluster analysis ; numerical taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Coefficients of association have been widely employed in cluster analysis. However, their use has been, for the most part, restricted to binary data. This limitation can be overcome by redefining positive and negative matches and mismatches in terms of minimum and maximum values of paired elements of parallel vector arrays. Rewriting the algorithms of coefficients of association with these new components gives the new “quantified” coefficients general utility for binary, ordered multistate, and quantitative data, while retaining their original analytic properties. Quantified coefficients of association avoid several problems of shape and size that are associated with correlation coefficients and measures of Euclidean distance. However, when measuring similarity, quantified coefficients weight each attribute of an object by that attribute's magnitude. A related set of similarity indices termed “mean ratios” is introduced; these indices give each attribute equal weight in all situations. Both quantified coefficients of association and mean ratios are related to a number of measures of similarity introduced to various fields of scientific research during the past 50 years. A review of this literature is included in an attempt to consolidate methodology and simplify nomenclature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02080152
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A semiobjective method for condensing classifications (1973)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 5 (1973), S. 285-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: classification ; cluster analysis ; semiobjective
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A simple, semiobjective method is described to reduce the number of groups in a classification to an arbitrary level without losing contact with the geologic information contained in the evolving groups. The method, operated in a stepwise or cyclic manner, employs some of the commonly used numerical techniques, but avoids strict adherence to them to obtain geologically more meaningful results. The method is illustrated in a facies study of the upper Paleozoic rocks of southeastern Utah.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02111815
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