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  • Articles  (9)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
  • Animals
  • Chemistry
  • Nitrogen fixation
  • 1975-1979  (9)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (9)
  • Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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  • Articles  (9)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 51 (1979), S. 187-196 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetylene reduction ; Aerobic ; Anaerobic ; Bacillus ; Nitrogen fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Among 390 isolates from Egytiian soils initially grown on Brown's N-free agar, 15 facultative Bacillus isolates were able to reduce acetylene in Stanier's N-poor broth under both aerobic and anaerobic (N2 atmosphere) conditions. Some of these isolates were Gram-positive, with unswollen sporangia and thin-walled endospores. Other strains were with slightly or definitely bulged sporangia. Yeast extract (0.01%) was essential for growth stimulation and N2[C2H2] fixation by these isolates. Replacing yeast extract with 20 μg/ml (NH4)2SO4 or biotin, thiamine and amino acids (singly or in combination) resulted in stimulation of growth and N2[C2H2] fixation, though at lower rates than in yeast extract. One isolate was able to grow and reduce C2H2 in Stanier's N-free liquid medium. Nitrogenase [C2H2] activity of the anaerobically grown and incubated cultures was greater than aerobic cultures. Addition of 0.1% CaCO3 to the culture media significantly increased and O2 partially inhibited, N2[C2H2] fixation by these Bacillus isolates. Studies of the characteristics and N2[C2H2] fixing activities of these isolates indicate that at least some of them are new nitrogen-fixingBacillus species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Aldicarb ; 14C-carbon metabolism ; Cowpea ; Growth ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nodulation ; Pesticide ; Respiration ; Rhizobium ; Soil ; Symbiosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Addition of aldicarb (2 methyl-2(methyl thio) propionaldehyde-0-methyl carbamoyl oxime) in the growth medium enhanced the growth ofRhizobium sp. (cowpea group) at 2 ppm level while an inhibition was observed at the normal (5 ppm) and higher (10 ppm) concentrations. Respiration of the cells was also inhibited by 5 and 10 ppm levels of the chemical eventhough a stimulation was observed at 2 ppm (lower) concentration. The insecticide, when incorporated at 5 and 10 ppm levels in the medium increased the14C-glucose incorporation and considerably altered the assimilation of the radioactive carbon in different fractions of rhizobium cells. Soil application of this insecticide (Temik 10 G) reduced the number of nodules formed and the total nitrogen content in cowpea plants inoculated with theRhizobium sp. but enhanced the dry matter production of cowpea plants.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 52 (1979), S. 49-57 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetylene reduction ; Azospirillum ; Dry weight ; Greenhouse ; Inoculation ; Millet ; Nitrogen fixation ; Pennisetum ; Spirillum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Millet plants (Pennisetum glaucum) were grown at three levels of nitrogen fertilization with and without an inoculum of live nitrogen-fixing Azospirillum cells. The highest average rate of nitrogen fixation as estimated from acetylene reduction by excised preincubated roots was only 23g N2 fixed per ha per day and occurred after treatment with low levels of nitrogen amendment. The average rates of acetylene reduction for intact plants at all treatments were also low. The lack of significant nitrogen fixation due to an Azospirillum-millet association in this study was substantiated by plant dry weight analysis, and determination of the nitrogen content of plants, pot leachate, and soil. There was significant correlation between the total nitrogen content of the plants per pot at the termination of the experiment and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer added initially, but there was no effect of inoculum on final total nitrogen content.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 53 (1979), S. 319-328 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Dolichos ; Growth ; Greenhouse ; Lablab ; Leaf area ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nodulation ; Sand culture ; Sugars ; Sulfur
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In order to explore interrelations between S nutrition, soluble sugars, leaf area, nodulation and N2 fixation, greenhouse experiments were done with several levels of S added to perlite-sand cultures or to a moderately S-deficient soil. Sulfur had indirect effects on nodulation and N2 fixation, possibly by improving sugars supply and N metabolism. In perlite-sand culture, leaf area increased with concentrations of supplied S up to 50 and 200 μM for symbiotic and N-treated plants respectively, then decreased at higher concentrations. Plant yield and total sugars content (mg per plant) for the N-treated plants behaved similar to leaf area in response to added S but in the symbiotic plants maximum values were obtained at 100 μM S. In soil, Mo had no effect on growth but interacted significantly with S in affecting total sugars content. High levels of S depressed sugars content at low Mo but raised it at high Mo. Sulfur increased the N content of soil-grown plants. It increased the N content of plants grown in perlite-sand culture except at very high levels of S. There was little effect on concentration of N in the shoots. Nitrogen content correlated significantly with leaf area and sugar content, and highly significantly with S concentration in the shoots.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 51 (1979), S. 163-165 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetylene reduction ; Actinomycete symbioses ; Datisca cannabina ; Nitrogen fixation ; Root nodules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The occurrence of root nodules inDatisca cannabina is reported. The nodules are typically of the Alnus type, forming dichotomously-branched coralloid clusters. The enlarged cortical cells contain vesicle clusters of the endophyte. The nodules reduced acetylene to ethylene at a rate of 5.5 μmoles ethylene per g fresh wt of nodules per hour.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Arachis hypogaea ; Peanuts ; Rhizobium ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nitrogen fertilizers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The potential of peanuts for symbiotic nitrogen fixation is considerable and under optimal edaphic and climatic conditions it reached 222 kg N2/ha, which was 58% of the nitrogen accumulated in the plants. The effect of the Rhizobium inoculation on crude protein accumulation in the yield (kg/ha) was 3–4 times greater than its effect on the yield of pods and hay. There was an inverse relationship between the protein and oil content in the kernels. Seasonal changes in nitrogenase activity in the nodules were determined by the acetylene reduction method during two growing seasons. Under favorable conditions the specific activity of the nitrogenase reached a very high level (up to 975 μmoles C2H2 g dry wt nod/h) and the total activity (μmoles C2H4/plant/h) was also high in spite of the relatively poor nodulation (weight and number). The high activity was drastically reduced (to 75 μmoles C2H4 g dry wt nod/h) due to exceptionally hot and dry weather, which occurred in the middle of the second half of the growing season. It appears that N2-fixation (nitrogenase activity) is more sensitive to these unfavorable conditions, than is nodule growth. Maximum nitrogenase activity was observed during the podfilling stage; until 50–60 days after planting, nitrogenase activity was very low.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: acetylene reduction assay ; Nitrogen fixation ; 15N natural abundance ; Soybean
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The use of variations in natural abundance of15N between nitrogen fixing and non nitrogen fixing soybeans was investigated for quantitative estimate of symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Isotopic analysis of 4 varieties of inoculated and non-inoculated soybeans growing under field conditions, with and without N-fertilizer was determined. It was found that inoculated soybeans had a significantly lower15N content than non-inoculated ones. Estimates of the participation of fixed N to the total nitrogen content of inoculated soybeans were calculated from these differences. They were compared to estimates calculated from differences in N yield between inoculated and noninoculated plants and to the nitrogenase activity, measured by the C2H2 reduction assay over the growing season. Estimates given by the15N measurements were correlated with the C2H2 reducing activity but not with the differences in the N yield. This shows that the isotopic composition was dependent on the amount of fixed nitrogen and consequently that the estimates of fixed nitrogen based on natural15N abundance should be reliable. The absence of correlation between estimates based on15N content and estimates based on N yield was explained by differences in the uptake of soil nitrogen between inoculated and non inoculated soybeans.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 52 (1979), S. 571-578 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetylene reduction ; Actinomycetous symbiosis ; Alnus glutinosa ; Hydrogenase Hydrogen evolution ; Hydrogen uptake ; Nitrogen fixation ; Respiration ; Root nodules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In the growing season no net H2 evolution is detected when root nodules ofAlnus glutinosa are incubated in air or in argon containing 20% O2. Due to the hydrogenase activity, N2-fixing root nodules consume added H2 at a rate of about 1.4 μmoles H2.g fresh nodule−1.h−1. The uptake of H2 is only found in summer. At the end of the season, in autumn, nodules evolve significant quantities of H2 although the nodules still continue to fix nitrogen. In-vitro studies with fractionated homogenates of summer-harvested nodules show that the recovery of the hydrogenase is high when using methylene-blue or phenazine metasulfate as electron acceptors. No hydrogenase activity is detected in homogenates of autumn-harvested nodules. The hydrogenase is localised in the microsymbiont.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 53 (1979), S. 541-545 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetylene reduction ; Root nodules ; Actinomycetous symbiosis ; Rubus ellipticus ; Raspberry ; Rosaceae ; Food-yielding nodulated non-legume ; Nitrogen fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Nitrogenase activity as assayed by acetylene reduction was observed in detachedRubus ellipticus J. E. Smith root nodules collected in the field and tested under ambient conditions. The nitrogenase activity was 8.4 μmoles C2H4.gfr. wt nodule−1.h−1 or 24.0 μmoles C2H4.g dry wt nodule−1.h−1 being at a rate comparable with that measured in some other non-legumes assayed in Java at the same time under similar conditions. Nodule morphology bore little resemblance to the root nodules of other non-leguminous plants and nodule structure was different from the other rosaceous examples. The endophyte inhabiting the root nodules was actinomycetal.
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