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  • Articles  (34)
  • 78.20  (29)
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  • Springer  (34)
  • 1975-1979  (34)
  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (29)
  • Mathematics  (5)
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  • Articles  (34)
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  • Springer  (34)
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  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (29)
  • Mathematics  (5)
  • Physics  (33)
  • Biology  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A secant method for multiple roots (1977)
    Springer
    BIT 17 (1977), S. 321-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9125
    Keywords: 5.15 ; nonlinear equation ; root finding ; multiple root ; secant method ; Steffensen procedure ; order of convergence ; efficiency ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A superlinear procedure for finding a multiple root is presented. In it the secant method is applied to the given function divided by a divided difference whose increment shrinks toward zero as the root is approached. Two function evaluations per step are required, but no derivatives need be calculated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01932152
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Method for measuring elastooptical constants of solids (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 20 (1979), S. 251-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 78.20 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The spherical aberration observed in the far-field diffraction pattern of a He−Ne laser beam traversing a silica plate locally heated by a CO2-laser is investigated. This leads to a thermooptical method suitable to evaluate the effective derivative of the refractive index and elastooptical method suitable to evaluate the effective derivative of the refractive index and elastooptical coefficient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00886026
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical birefringence in cubic ZnSe crystals (1976)
    Springer
    Applied physics 11 (1976), S. 383-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.10 ; 78.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Optical birefringence of the spatial dispersion type has been observed in cubic ZnSe crystals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00919368
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of refractive index profiles in diffused optical waveguides (1977)
    Springer
    Applied physics 12 (1977), S. 293-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.82 ; 42.80 ; 78.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An improved method for the reconstruction of diffused waveguide index profiles from experimental mode spectra is proposed. The method uses a parabolic approximation between successive points. It is tested on the example of an exponential profile, and applied to the reconstruction of index profiles in Ag+ ion-exchanged waveguides from measured mode spectra. This method appears to work well also in the cases of very few mode wave-guides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00915205
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectral excess attenuation of monomode optical fibers with sinusoidally perturbed core radius (1977)
    Springer
    Applied physics 13 (1977), S. 137-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.80 ; 78.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The spectral excess attenuation caused by coupling between the guided HE11 mode and radiation modes is calculated with the aid of the formula derived by Marcuse for the radiation loss of a monomode optical fiber with step-index profile and sinusoidally perturbed core radius. The pronounced minima and maxima of the spectral excess attenuation curve converge as the spatial frequency of the perturbation of the core radius increases. Even perturbation amplitudes as small as 0.01 μm may lead to excess attenuations of the order of 10 dB/km if the radiation wavelength does not coincide with an attenuation minimum. The spectral behavior of the excess attenuation can be utilized to design fibers which act as optical filters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00882471
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Faraday rotation in gadolinium orthochromite (1977)
    Springer
    Applied physics 14 (1977), S. 119-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 78.20 ; 75.30
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Faraday rotation and linear birefringence of GdCrO3 were measured in the spectral range 0.8 to 2.0 μm at liquid nitrogen temperature. Good agreement is obtained between the experimental data and the theoretical values of rotation, calculated by the use of the formula describing Faraday rotation in the presence of the linear birefringence. The intrinsic Faraday rotation as a function of the wavelength is determined and it is probably due to higher-energy optical transitions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00882640
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Forced rayleigh-scattering in ruby from 50 to 300 K (1977)
    Springer
    Applied physics 13 (1977), S. 209-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 66 ; 78.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Spatially periodic temperature distributions were induced in ruby by superimposing two light waves of a Q-switched, frequency doubled Nd: YAG laser. The amplitude and decay time of the resulting thermal phase grating was measured by diffraction of an argon laser beam. Experimental results are compared with solutions of the heat conduction equation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00882482
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-loss rotator and application for isolator design (1977)
    Springer
    Applied physics 13 (1977), S. 307-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.80 ; 85.60 ; 78.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The Faraday rotation associated with the Zeeman effect in gases is used to rotate the plane or polarization of plane polarized light with low loss of intensity. Advantage is taken of the rapid decrease of absorption relative to Faraday rotation between the split Zeeman components. Calculations of this Faraday rotation are applied to obtain design parameters for an isolator for 5.26 μm which show a significant improvement over conventional designs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00882898
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of various intraband processes inn-InSb by means of stimulated spin-flip raman scattering (1977)
    Springer
    Applied physics 12 (1977), S. 1-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 78.20 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The spin-flip Raman (SFR) laser is shown to be an excellent tool to investigate different processes in the conduction band of the SFR laser crystal itself. For the case ofn-InSb, intracavity spectroscopy of inter-Landau transitions is demonstrated to be much more sensitive than conventional transmission spectroscopy. Data on cyclotron harmonic transitions, both free and LO-phonon assisted, are obtained from the output power characteristics of the SFR laser versus magnetic field. The spin-splitting energy and the effectiveg-factor up to 14 T are derived from the SFR laser frequency. The influence of temperature on SFR laser power, threshold and frequency is investigated. The relaxation following the SFR laser pulse is observed in the electrical conductivity. This yields in a direct way the spin-lattice relaxation time at high magnetic fields, which is of the order of 200 ns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00900061
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of birefringence properties in 17/30/70 PLZT ceramics (1978)
    Springer
    Applied physics 16 (1978), S. 309-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.80 ; 77.80 ; 78.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Birefringent properties of PLZT ceramics (Pb83La17)(Zr30Ti70)O3 were investigated by measuring the transverse electrooptic effect in a 0.2 mm-thick wafer at various speeds of external voltage changes. At least two types of internal polarized microregions of different physical nature in charge of the electrooptical properties are observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00885127
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crossed gratings: A theory and its applications (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 18 (1979), S. 39-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.80 ; 78.20 ; 41
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We introduce a rigorous formulation for the problem of the diffraction by a finitely-conducting, bi-periodic surface. The formationon is based on a coordinate transformation which maps the grating surface onto a plane. The transformed Maxwell equations are resolved using an iterative technique. The numerical implementation is tested against a number of criteria, including a comparison with two recently developed formalisms. As well, it is shown to give results in agreement with the Reciprocity Theorem, which is derived for efficiencies of crossed gratings in unpolarized light. The method has been shown to work throughout the whole range of values of surface conductivity. We investigate the effect of a surface-corrugation on the solar absorptance of a metallic mirror. We discuss a useful equivalence property linking the behaviour of crossed gratings with that of classical gratings. We exhibit for the first time a grating in a highly-reflecting metal capable of totally absorbing unpolarized incident light.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00935902
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel method for determining the optical constantn λ of metallic films (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 20 (1979), S. 255-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 68 ; 78.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Optical changes of visible radiation in transmission through evaporated manganese and bismuth thin films were determined using the Rayleigh-Lowe refractometer. The variation of the phase change in transmission with thicknesst〉t c was utilized to determine directly the refractive indexn λ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00886027
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cavity-type surfaces for solar collectors (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 18 (1979), S. 307-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.80 ; 78.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The optical shape of the heater's surface of solar energy concentrating collectors is here examined. Multi reflection effect, through a macrocavity analysis is introduced. The optical design of the cavity is accomplished and the cavity effect determined. Thermotechnical analysis of the system, in order to determine the optimal conditions for the heat transfer and for the maximization of the energy radiative balance, is introduced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00885520
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the theory and solar application of inductive grids (1977)
    Springer
    Applied physics 14 (1977), S. 1-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.80 ; 78.20 ; 41
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A brief description is given of the rigorous formulism of Chen, which describes the diffraction by perfectly-conducting inductive grids. The formulism is used to prove several general properties of grids, including the relevant form of the Reciprocity Theorem. The theory is used to investigate the equivalent circuit model proposed by other authors for thin grids, and also to derive a monomodal model of the type first proposed by Chen. The latter model is shown to be useful even in the region where more than one spectral order propagates. The accuracy of the formulism is established by the comparison of calculated results with a number of far-infrared measurements on grids. The use of grids as solar-selective elements is investigated. They are shown to be capable of providinga/e ratios of the order of 30–40, provided that they are always pointed towards the sun, and that the diffuse content of the illumination is low.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00882627
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Absolute measurement of the 1.06 μm two-photon absorption coefficient in GaAs (1978)
    Springer
    Applied physics 15 (1978), S. 99-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.65 ; 78.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Comparing the recombination light intensity produced in GaAs by a 1.06 μm pulse inducing two-photon absorption, with the intensity produced by a 0.53 μm pulse, we obtain directly the two-photon absorption cross-section. This method can be generalized to other materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00896898
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature and pressure dependences of Zn-doped GaN (1978)
    Springer
    Applied physics 15 (1978), S. 113-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 78.20 ; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The electroluminescence spectrum of Zn-doped GaN is independent of uniaxial pressure up to kbars and of temperature in the range 100–300 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00896901
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    LiTaO3 as holographic storage material (1978)
    Springer
    Applied physics 15 (1978), S. 133-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 72.40 ; 42.30 ; 78.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The optical storage properties of LiTaO3:Fe are investigated and compared with those of the isomorphous compound LiNbO3:Fe. Absorption, photocurrent, photoconductivity and holographic measurements are reported. In the case of photovoltaic writing similar results for LiTaO3- and LiNbO3-crystals are obtained. However, in the case of photoconductive writing using external electric fields LiTaO3:Fe-crystals yield much better results due to large photoconductivity values. Considering the recording sensitivity and the extremely large storage time LiTaO3:Fe turns out to be one of the most promising materials for photorefractive storage of volume phase holograms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00928197
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical and magneto-optical properties of YIG and FeBO3 (1976)
    Springer
    Applied physics 10 (1976), S. 189-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 78.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A survey of characteristic optical and magneto-optical properties of the representative ferrite materials yttrium iron garnet (YIG) and iron borate is presented. The interaction of light with collective magnetic excitations, leading to pronounced magnetooptical phenomena, is discussed. Typical examples for the strong influence of foreign atoms on optical and magneto-optical properties of YIG are also given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00897217
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface recombination and photorefraction in LiNbO3-Fe Crystals (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 18 (1979), S. 399-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 78.20 ; 77.50 ; 71.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A spontaneous decrease of photorefraction (quasi-breakdown) has been studied in LiNbO3−Fe (0.1 wt%) crystals. It is shown that the quasi-breakdown effect depends on the crystal environment (air, argon) and is absent in a liquid dielectric medium. Quasibreakdown can be avoided reducing the diameter of the light beam from a He−Ne laser. The critical value of birefringence change for quasi-breakdown decreases with growing temperature. The quasi-breakdown effect is also observable after illumination, in the dark. It is shown that quasi-breakdown can be explained by the recombination of light-induced space charge carriers at the surface or in the environment (air, argon) near the crystal surface. The erasure of photorefraction with quasi-breakdown is performed under under uniform illumination of the crystal with visible light.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00899694
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resonance, phase front, and polarization-independence constraints of inhomogeneous fabry-perot interferometers (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 19 (1979), S. 105-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.10 ; 78.20 ; 84
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The major objective of this paper is to demonstrate the feasibility of imposing local resonance conditions while simultaneously controlling phase front properties upon transmission through slowly-varying Fabry-Perot type interferometers. The interaction of arbitrarily distorted incident phase fronts with double and triple-screened resonators is formulated, and appropriate design procedures are outlined. Special attention is paid to the significant effects of dielectric loading on the effective frequency band and to the cross polarization problem which arises, unavoidably, in conjunction with two-dimensional phase front distortions. The suggested design procedures are demonstrated via concrete numerical examples which are subsequently analyzed throughout a finite (20%) bandwidth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00900546
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Difference frequency generation in proustite from 11 to 23 μm (1976)
    Springer
    Applied physics 11 (1976), S. 137-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.65 ; 78.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Tunable infrared radiation was produced in the spectral range 11 μm to 23 μm by nonlinear mixing of two ruby-pumped dye lasers in proustite. A peak power of about 3 watts was observed at 19 μm. A 7o crystal angle was sufficient to achieve phase matching over the entire wavelength range. Ordinary wave absorption measurements in proustite correlate well with the observed difference frequency output, once allowance has been made for the convergence of the dye laser beams.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00920592
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of the opto-acoustic effect to the operation of optically pumped far-infrared gas lasers (1977)
    Springer
    Applied physics 12 (1977), S. 387-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 78.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A method is reported which allows the operation of optically pumped farinfrared (FIR) gas lasers in a simple way: A spectrophone is used to control and to stabilize the pump laser frequency in order to achieve most efficient optical pumping of the FIR laser gas.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00886042
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
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    Self-supporting thin-film beam splitter for far-infrared interferometers (1977)
    Springer
    Applied physics 14 (1977), S. 313-317 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.80 ; 78.20 ; 78.30
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Commercially available plastic films have been examined, in the spectral range up to 1200 cm−1, for use as a beam splitter in far-infrared Michelson interferometers. The materials reported include polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyvinylchloride, polypropylene, cellulose and polyethylene.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00882737
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  • 24
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    Electronic Resource
    Resonance excitation of excitons in a semiconductor by ultrashort frequency-tunable light pulses (1978)
    Springer
    Applied physics 15 (1978), S. 423-426 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.10 ; 42.60 ; 78.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An investigation was made of the peculiarities of propagation of frequencytunable powerful ultrashort light pulses (USLP) in a sample of CdS0,4Se0,6 (77K) under resonance excitation of excitons. The peculiarities of resonance interaction of USLP with the semiconductor may be fairly well explained by the dominant effect of self-induced transparency on excitons.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00886162
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  • 25
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    Photorefractive centers in LiNbO3, studied by optical-, Mössbauer- and EPR-methods (1977)
    Springer
    Applied physics 12 (1977), S. 355-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 78.20 ; 72.40
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The photorefractive properties of LiNbO3∶Fe and LiNbO3∶Cu have been studied in combination with optical absorption-, Mössbauer- and EPR-measurements. The charge states of Fe in successively reduced LiNbO3∶Fe have been investigated with respect to the influence on the photorefractive sensitivity and saturation value of the refractive index change. The results of this experiment demonstrate clearly the close correlation between the concentration of Fe2+ impurities and the optical absorption band around 2.6 eV in LiNbO3∶Fe, which is known to give rise to an anisotropic charge transport upon optical excitation. The resulting photocurrents determine the photorefractive sensitivity mainly in the initial state of halographic exposure. With increasing conversion from Fe3+ to Fe2+ the photorefractive sensitivity saturates and the saturation value of the refractive index change decreases remarkably. In the case of LiNbO3∶Cu a similar behaviour of the photorefractive storage parameters after successive reduction treatments has been observed qualitatively. However, in contradiction to LiNbO3∶Fe the Cu2+ centers cannot be related to the photorefractive sensitivity of LiNbO3∶Cu. These results are discussed with respect to the predictions of two models concerning the microscopic nature of the photorefractive process in doped LiNbO3.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00886038
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
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    Focusing and beam shifting properties of Fabry-Perot type interferometers (1978)
    Springer
    Applied physics 17 (1978), S. 275-286 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.10 ; 78.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The basic formulations of a plane-wave interaction with planar, double and triple-screened interferometers are reviewed and extended to encompass slowly varying, non-planar structures. The feasibility of attaining desired phase control (focusing or beam shifting) while simultaneously preserving the local resonance conditions is demonstrated analytically and simulated numerically.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00886956
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  • 27
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    Concentration enhancement of current density and diffusion length in III–V ternary compound solar cells (1978)
    Springer
    Applied physics 17 (1978), S. 335-342 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 84.60 ; 78.20 ; 72.40
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Current density and output power of solar cells, respectively, made from different materials combinations: GaAsp(:Zn)/GaAsP(:Te)/GaAs-CVD GaAsp(:Zn)/GaAs(:Te)/GaAs-CVD GaAlAs(:Zn)/GaAs(:Si)-LPE Silicon,p onn (commercial grade) have been compared at increasing light levels, i.e. solar concentrations from 1 sun to 100 suns. A strongly super-linear increase in output (current density) is found for the ternary compound cells in agreement with earlier measurements. The faster rate of increase of the current with concentration in ternary compounds as compared to silicon can be explained by a trap-filling mechanism at higher injection levels. A Gaussian distribution of compensated donor states can explain the superlinear current increase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00886202
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    Intrinsic photorefractive effect of LiNbO3 (1978)
    Springer
    Applied physics 15 (1978), S. 153-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 78.20 ; 72.40
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The photorefractive effect of undoped LiNbO3 crystals of high purity is studied by means of two-photon excitation of picosecond light pulses. We show that two-photon photorefractive recording is accompanied by characteristic changes of the optical absorption and electron spin resonance spectra due to the formation of color centers. The role of these centers for the photorefractive process in discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00928200
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  • 29
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    Intensity enhanced bulk photovoltaic effects in LiNbO3:Fe (1978)
    Springer
    Applied physics 17 (1978), S. 413-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 78.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The saturated value of the macroscopic electric field arising from the photocurrent-induced crystal capacitance in LiNbO3: Fe is shown to increase significantly with illuminating intensity. In addition, the current-intensity characteristics is shown to depart appreciably from the linear relationship. These measurements, together with other existing data are interpreted by incorporationg in the charge transport process a new secondary photorefractive centers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00886214
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  • 30
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    Equalization of reflectance of parallel-polarized electromagnetic plane waves at normal and oblique incidence of interfaces between transparent media and its use for measurement of the dielectric constant (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 20 (1979), S. 193-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.80 ; 78.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new angle of incidence of significance, when considering the reflection of electromagnetic waves at interfaces between transparent media, is defined. At this angle, denoted by φe, the reflection coefficient of parallel-polarized radiation is equal in magnitude and opposite in sign to the reflection coefficient at normal incidence. No similar angle exists for the perpendicular polarization. If ε is the relative dielectric constant, i.e., the ratio of the dielectric constant of the medium of refraction to that of the medium of incidence, we find that tan φe=(ε2+ε)1/2. Measurement of φe, by equalization of the absolute (intensity) reflectances at normal and oblique incidence, allows ε to be determined using the inverse relation ε=(tan2φe+1/4)1/2−1/2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00885945
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    Stability, prediction-correction, and dynamic programming (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 17 (1975), S. 239-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Dynamic programming ; approximation methods ; Bolza problem ; stability ; prediction-correction ; reduction of dimensionality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract It is proven here that a bounded perturbation of the discrete dynamic programming functional equation arising from the Bolza problem yields a bounded change in its solution. This stability property encourages the development of approximation techniques for solving such equations. One such technique, involving the backward solution of an approximate functional equation as a prediction step, followed by a forward reconstruction using true equations as a correction step, is then discussed. Bounds for the errors arising from such an approximation procedure are derived. Successive approximations is suggested, in conclusion, as a means for obtaining improved solutions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00933878
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  • 32
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    On a class of linear differential games (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 17 (1975), S. 511-522 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Differential games ; pursuit-evasion ; stability ; uncertain systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Saddlepoint strategies are deduced for a class of linear, single-input differential games. Conditions necessary for a saddle-point, as well as sufficient conditions, are discussed. The results are illustrated with a simple example. For the case of one control subject to a norm bound and the other to a quadratic penalty, the results are extended to the vector case and applied to the stabilization of a system subject to norm-bounded input disturbance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00932787
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  • 33
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    Stabilization through taxation inn-person games (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 23 (1977), S. 277-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: n-person games ; stability ; grand coalition ; taxation systems ; nondominated imputation ; multicriteria framework
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In formulating solutions forn-person cooperative games, the concept of stability has played a dominant role. Although the core concept has the strongest stability, the core of a game is often empty. In this paper, the taxation system is incorporated into our framework, so that a modified solution concept, which enjoys the stability of core, can be developed. Various formulations based on principles such astaxation proportional to income andequity after tax are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00933052
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  • 34
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    Complete stability of noncooperative games (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 25 (1978), S. 485-505 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Game theory ; stability ; contraction mappings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper is concerned with a class of noncooperative games ofn players that are defined byn reward functions which depend continuously on the action variables of the players. This framework provides a realistic model of many interactive situations, including many common models in economics, sociology, engineering, and political science. The concept of Nash equilibrium is a suitable companion to such models. A variety of different sufficient conditions for existence, uniqueness, and stability of a Nash equilibrium point have been previously proposed. By sharpening the noncooperative aspect of the framework (which is really only implicit in the original framework), this paper attempts to isolate one set of “natural” conditions that are sufficient for existence, uniqueness, and stability. It is argued thatl ∞ quasicontraction is such a natural condition. The concept of complete stability is introduced to reflect the full character of noncooperation. It is then shown that, in the linear case, the condition ofl ∞ quasicontraction is both necessary and sufficient for complete stability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00933516
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