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  • Articles  (61)
  • Adult  (61)
  • 1975-1979  (61)
  • 1935-1939
  • Physics  (61)
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  • Articles  (61)
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  • 1
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    Cigarette smoking induces functional antiprotease deficiency in the lower respiratory tract of humans (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-12-14
    Description: Current concepts of the pathogenesis of emphysema suggest that it results from an imbalance of elastase and antielastase activity within the alveolar structures. Although emphysema that is associated with hereditary deficiency of serum alpha 1-antitrypsin conforms to this scheme, the major risk factor in the more common form of emphysema is cigarette smoking. A study was designed to evaluate the premise that cigarette smoking may be associated with an acquired, functional defect in lung alpha 1-antitrypsin. Determination of the antielastase activity of alpha 1-antitrypsin obtained from the lungs of smoking and nonsmoking individuals revealed a nearly twofold reduction in the functional activity of this elastase inhibitor in the lungs of cigarette smokers. These data suggest that cigarette smokers may lose some of the normal antielastase protective screen of the lower respiratory tract, making them more vulnerable to destructive lung disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gadek, J E -- Fells, G A -- Crystal, R G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Dec 14;206(4424):1315-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/316188" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Bronchi/enzymology ; Extracellular Space/enzymology ; Humans ; Lung/*enzymology ; Pancreatic Elastase/antagonists & inhibitors ; Plants, Toxic ; Pulmonary Emphysema/enzymology/etiology ; Smoking/complications/*physiopathology ; Tobacco ; *alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Killing of fibroblasts by dexamethasone or dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate is not a valid test for cystic fibrosis (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-12-14
    Description: Assays based on the counting of total cells and of colony-forming cells were used to demonstrate that neither dexamethasone nor dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) kills human fibroblasts under a variety of conditions. These results contradict those of previous studies showing that dexamethasone and dibutyryl cyclic AMP kill a higher percentage of fibroblasts from normal humans than from individuals with cystic fibrosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kurz, J B -- Perkins, J P -- Buchwald, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Dec 14;206(4424):1317-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/229552" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Bucladesine/*pharmacology ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cystic Fibrosis/*diagnosis ; Dexamethasone/*pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Fibroblasts/*drug effects ; Humans ; Ouabain/pharmacology ; Skin/cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Dopamine-related tetrahydroisoquinolines: significant urinary excretion by alcoholics after alcohol consumption (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-12-07
    Description: Concentrations of dopamine-related tetrahydroisoquinolines (salsolinol and O-methylated salsolinol) were significantly higher in the daily urine samples of alcoholic subjects admitted for alcohol detoxification than in the daily urine samples of nonalcoholic control subjects. Salsolinol concentrations in alcoholic subjects appeared to drop to trace (control) values 2 to 3 days after admission, following the disappearance of ethanol and its reactive metabolite acetaldehyde from the blood. These results indicate that physiologically active tetrahydroisoquinolines increase in humans during long-term alcohol consumption, presumably because of acetaldehyde's direct condensation with catecholamines. The presence of these or similar condensation products in the urine could be useful as clinical indicators of prior blood acetaldehyde concentrations in chronic alcoholics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Collins, M A -- Nijm, W P -- Borge, G F -- Teas, G -- Goldfarb, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Dec 7;206(4423):1184-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/505002" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetaldehyde/blood ; Adult ; Alcoholism/metabolism/*urine ; Dopamine/*metabolism ; Humans ; Isoquinolines/*urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Salsoline Alkaloids/urine ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/urine
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Triglyceride concentrations: the disaccharide effect (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-11-16
    Description: The mean 24-hour or integrated concentration of triglyceride is significantly higher when dietary sucrose is provided rather than an equivalent amount of its component monosaccharides, glucose and fructose. In contrast, the plasma triglyceride concentration after a 12-hour fast is not significantly different.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thompson, R G -- Hayford, J T -- Hendrix, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Nov 16;206(4420):838-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/493983" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Dietary Carbohydrates/*metabolism ; Fructose/metabolism ; Glucose/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Sucrose/metabolism ; Triglycerides/*blood
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Antibodies to sporozoites: their frequent occurrence in individuals living in an area of hyperendemic malaria (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-11-02
    Description: Serum samples from 158 West Africans were tested for antibodies against sporozoites, the vector stage of the malaria parasite. Antibodies specific for Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites were detected by means of the circumsporozoite precipitation assay and indirect immunofluorescence. More than 90 percent of the serum samples from adults gave positive immunofluorescent reactions against falciparum sporozoites, whereas most of the samples from children gave low or negative reactions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nardin, E H -- Nussenzweig, R S -- McGregor, I A -- Bryan, J H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Nov 2;206(4418):597-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/386511" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Antibodies/*analysis ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Disease Reservoirs/immunology ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Malaria/*immunology ; Middle Aged ; Plasmodium falciparum/*immunology ; Vaccines
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in familial dysautonomia (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-10-05
    Description: Tyrosine hydroxylase antigen was localized immunohistochemically in sympathetic neurons from human autopsy tissue. The reaction persists in paraffin-embedded tissue, and the method is applicable to archival specimens. Increased amounts in this antigen per cell may partially compensate for decreased numbers of sympathetic neurons in familial dysautonomia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pearson, J -- Brandeis, L -- Goldstein, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Oct 5;206(4414):71-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39339" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dysautonomia, Familial/*enzymology/pathology ; Ganglia, Autonomic/enzymology/pathology ; Humans ; Infant ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Human language cortex: localization of memory, syntax, and sequential motor-phoneme identification systems (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-09-28
    Description: Subdivisions of the human peri-Sylvian language cortex were derived from stimulation mapping during craniotomies under local anesthesia. Naming, reading, short-term verbal memory, single and sequential orofacial movements, and phoneme identification were tested. Sequential orofacial movements and phoneme identification were altered from the same brain sites and thus identified a common system for language production and understanding. This system surrounded a final motor pathway for speech and was surrounded by a separate short-term verbal-memory system. Between the sequential motor-phoneme identification and memory systems were sites where only naming or reading were altered, including sites related exclusively by syntax.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ojemann, G -- Mateer, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 28;205(4413):1401-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/472757" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ; Face ; Functional Laterality ; Humans ; Lip/physiology ; Memory/*physiology ; Movement ; Posture ; Speech/*physiology ; Speech Perception/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Pupillary responses during information processing vary with Scholastic Aptitude Test scores (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-09-21
    Description: The magnitude of task-evoked pupillary dilations during mental activity has previously been shown to index the cognitive capacity utilized in the performance of the mental task. To determine the relation between "intelligence" and capacity demands during mental activity, task-evoked pupillary dilations were measured while two groups of university students differing in their scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Test solved mental arithmetic problems. Over three levels of problems difficulty, more intelligent subjects showed smaller task-evoked pupillary dilations than did their less intelligent counterparts. Thus, the more intelligent appear to possess more efficient cognitive structures of information processing. These data provide evidence that physiological differences between individuals of differing psychometric intelligence emerge during mental activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ahern, S -- Beatty, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 21;205(4412):1289-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/472746" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; *Aptitude Tests ; Cognition/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; *Intelligence ; Male ; Mathematics ; Mental Processes/physiology ; Pupil/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Pharmacologic effects in man of a potent, long-acting dopamine receptor agonist (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-09-14
    Description: Single-dose administration of pergolide mesylate (100 to 400 micrograms) results in a dose-related inhibition of prolactin secretion which persists for more than 24 hours. During multiple-dose administration of pergolide, plasma prolactin concentrations remain markedly reduced (greater than 80 percnet) and gradually return to control levels several days after drug administration is discontinued.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lemberger, L -- Crabtree, R E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 14;205(4411):1151-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/382359" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Ergolines/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Placebos ; Prolactin/blood ; Receptors, Dopamine/*drug effects ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Plasma beta-endorphin immunoreactivity in schizophrenia (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-09-14
    Description: Plasma beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity was measured by a method that was equally sensitive to beta-endorphin and [Leu5]-beta-endorphin. Immunoreactivity in 98 schizophrenic patients did not differ greatly from that in 42 normal subjects. No immunoreactivity was detectable in dialyzates from first-time hemodialysis of eight nonpsychotic renal patients and nine schizophrenic patients. These results are not compatible with recent reports of extremely high concentrations of [Leu5]-beta-endorphin in hemodialyzates from schizophrenic patients.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ross, M -- Berger, P A -- Goldstein, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 14;205(4411):1163-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/472735" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Endorphins/*blood/immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radioimmunoassay ; Schizophrenia/*blood ; Stress, Physiological/blood
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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