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  • 1
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    Economy of flight at supersonic speeds (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2010-11-08
    Beschreibung: Prandtl's theory is used to determine the airflow over bodies and wings adapted to supersonic flight. By making use of these results, and by incorporating in them an allowance for the probable skin friction, some estimates of expected lift-drag ratios are made for various flight speeds with the best configuration. At each speed a slender body and wings having the best angle of sweepback are considered. For the range of supersonic speeds shown an airplane of normal density and loading would be required to operate at an altitude of the order of 60,000 feet. The limiting value of 1-1/2 times the speed of sound corresponds to a flight speed of 1000 miles per hour. At this speed about 1.5 miles per gallon of fuel are expected. It is interesting to note that this value corresponds to a value of more than 15 miles per gallon when the weight is reduced to correspond to that of an ordinary automobile.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Collected Works of Robert T. Jones; p 499-514
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  • 2
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    Aeroelastic characteristics of an oblique wing (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2010-11-08
    Beschreibung: In theory, the most efficient wing shape for transonic and low supersonic speeds is simply a long narrow straight subsonic wing turned at an oblique angle to the flight direction. This theory has been verified by tests at Mach numbers from .6 to 1.4 in supersonic wind tunnel and by comparative studies of transonic transport designs.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Collected Works of Robert T. Jones; p 867-883
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  • 3
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    Aerodynamic design for supersonic speeds (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2010-11-08
    Beschreibung: Recent theoretical and experimental work in supersonic aerodynamics is reviewed with its practical application in mind. Several arrangements of supporting surfaces and bodies are discussed and in some cases comparisons of theory and experiment are made. Finally, certain phenomena connected with lift and drag in a rarefied medium are considered briefly.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Collected Works of Robert T. Jones; p 625-644
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  • 4
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    Theoretical determination of the minimum drag of airfoils at supersonic speeds (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2010-11-08
    Beschreibung: A method is reported for determining mathematically the combined disturbance field, and in certain cases the minimum drag, of wings at supersonic speeds. The simplest analytic example is provided by the wing of elliptic planform, which achieves its minimum drag when the lift is distributed uniformly over the surface. With a symmetrical distribution of thickness, the requirement of minimum drag for a given total volume is found to lead to profiles of constant curvature.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Collected Works of Robert T. Jones; p 567-578
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  • 5
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    The minimum drag of thin wings in frictionless flow (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2010-11-08
    Beschreibung: The assumptions of the thin airfoil theory are found to provide certain necessary conditions for the minimum drag of airfoils having a given total lift, a given maximum thickness, or a given volume. The conditions are applicable to steady or unsteady motions and to subsonic or supersonic speeds without restriction on the planform. The computation of drag and the statement of the conditions for minimum drag depend on the consideration of a combined flow field, which is obtained by superimposing the disturbance velocities in forward and reversed motions. If the planform of the airfoil and its total lift are given, it is found that, for minimum drag, the lift must be distributed in such a way that the downwash in the combined field is constant over the entire planform. If the planform is given and the thickness of the airfoil is required to contain a specified volume, then the thickness must be distributed over the planform in such a way that the pressure gradient of the combined field in the direction of flight is constant at all points of the wing.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Collected Works of Robert T. Jones; p 557-565
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  • 6
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    Calculation of the motion of an airplane under the influence of irregular disturbances (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2010-11-08
    Beschreibung: The application of mathematical advances made in electricity and other branches to problems of airplane dynamics is demonstrated. The Heaviside-Bromwich methods of solution of linear differential equations are described and it is shown how these methods avoid the consideration of boundary conditions and of particular or complementary integrals. It is pointed out that if the solution of the differential equation is obtained for the case of a unit disturbance, the effect of varying disturbances may be found therefrom by Carson's theorem. A graphical solution of Carson's integral for irregular disturbances is given. The procedure of obtaining unit solutions of the equations is then taken up and the analogy between Heaviside's symbolic series solution and a physical procedure of approximation is shown. It is suggested that a fictitious impulsive disturbance be used in the treatment of initial motions.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Collected Works of Robert T. Jones; p 21-29
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  • 7
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    Some unique meteorites found in Antarctica and their relation to asteroids (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: Two unique meteorites were identified by means of a mineralogical examination of the smaller-sized Yamato achondrites. Yamato-74130 is the most iron-rich ureilite with Na, Cr-rich augite instead of pigeonite. Yamato-74160 was extensively recrystallized, but the composition and proportion of olivine, orthopyroxene, augite, and plagioclase is consistent with LL7 chondrites. ALHA77005 is a unique achondrite with olivine, possibly three pyroxene assemblages, and maskelynite. These meteorites provide evidence that there may be other 'thermalized' asteroids than the howardite parent body. Detailed petrologic descriptions of the unique achondrites, recrystallized diogenite Yamato-74013, and the rapidly cooled eucrite Yamato-74450 with pyroxene phenocrysts are given. It is inferred from the bulk chemistry and the mineralogical reexamination of Yamato-75028 that it is composed of the H5-type clasts and chondrule-rich H(L)3-like matrix with the H5 fragments. A close relationship in the collisional evolution of some asteroids with these materials is inferred.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: National Institute of Polar Research, Memoirs (ISSN 0386-0744); 15, 1; 54-76
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  • 8
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    Three-dimensional wings of minimum pressure drag (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2010-11-08
    Beschreibung: In linearized flow theory, certain very interesting extremal properties of wings can be derived under rather broad conditions without the use of a complicated mathematical apparatus. The present chapter reviews certain results of this theory and indicates some rather obvious extensions to incorporate various auxiliary conditions. Several examples illustrating the relation between the geometrical features of the wing and the lift distribution for minimum drag are given.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Ames Res. Center Collected Works of Robert T. Jones; p 645-656
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  • 9
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    Some recent developments in the aerodynamics of wings for high speeds (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2010-11-08
    Beschreibung: The items discussed are: (1) a recently proposed correction formula for the effect of compressibility in two dimensional subsonic flow; (2) the equivalence rule and the area rule for transonic speeds; (3) reciprocal relations in linearized wing theory; and (4) some general results connected with the problem of minimum wave resistance. The paper concludes with an example showing indentation of the fuselage to obtain favorable interference with the wing at supersonic speeds.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Collected Works of Robert T. Jones; p 601-608
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  • 10
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    Theoretical correction for the lift of elliptic wings (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2010-11-08
    Beschreibung: In the wing section theory the magnitude of the circulation, and hence of the lift, is determined by the velocity that would be induced near the trailing edge of the section in a non-lifting potential flow. In three dimensional flow the problem is complicated by the presence of the wake and no simple basic solution has been found. Treatment of the problem of a wing of finite span is reported on the basis of the two dimensional theory, corrected for the effect of the wake.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Collected Works of Robert T. Jones; p 245-249
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  • 11
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    Reduction of wave drag by antisymmetric arrangement of wings and bodies (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2010-11-08
    Beschreibung: In theory, antisymmetric arrangements of wings and bodies can have smaller wave drag than corresponding mirror-symmetric arrangements. Thus, a long narrow oblique wing which presents the same aspect for two opposite directions of flight is potentially more efficient than corresponding (i.e., structurally equivalent) swept wing. The single continuous wing panel also adapts itself more readily to varying angles of obliquity, and hence, to varying flight speeds. Previous work on the aerodynamics and flight stability of oblique wing combinations is reviewed and a possible mode of application to transport aircraft operating at moderate supersonic speeds is suggested.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Collected Works of Robert T. Jones; p 657-664
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  • 12
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    The compressibility rule for drag of airfoil noses (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2010-11-08
    Beschreibung: It is shown that the drag of any semi-infinite airfoil section in purely subsonic inviscid flow follows precisely the Prandtl-Glauert compressibility rule. The result for the parabola has application to leading edge corrections in thin airfoil theory.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Collected Works of Robert T. Jones; p 619-623
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  • 13
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    Possibilities of efficient high-speed transport airplanes (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2010-11-08
    Beschreibung: Comparisons of wing-body combinations may not disclose the full effect of a loss in aerodynamic efficiency. If the thrust needs to be increased at a given altitude then more or larger engines will have to be used and the possibility of concealing them becomes less. In this process the lift drag ratio of the complete airplane may become still more unfavorable than indicated by the comparison. Primarily aerodynamic and structural considerations point toward the development of turbojet engines specifically adapted to operation in an atmosphere of one tenth normal density. In addition to the numerous other technological problems associated with operation at these high altitudes, the problems of safe descent and effective limitation to low speeds at low altitudes seem important.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Collected Works of Robert T. Jones; p 579-592
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  • 14
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    Leading-edge singularities in thin-airfoil theory (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2010-11-08
    Beschreibung: If the thin airfoil theory is applied to an airfoil having a rounded leading edge, a certain error will arise in the determination of the pressure distribution around the nose. It is shown that the evaluation of the drag of such a blunt nosed airfoil by the thin airfoil theory requires the addition of a leading edge force, analogous to the leading edge thrust of the lifting airfoil. The method of calculation is illustrated by application to: (1) The Joukowski airfoil in subsonic flow; and (2) the thin elliptic cone in supersonic flow. A general formula for the edge force is provided which is applicable to a variety of wing forms.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Collected Works of Robert T. Jones; p 533-538
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  • 15
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    The use of conical and cylindrical fields in supersonic wing theory (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2010-11-08
    Beschreibung: Some of the recent advances in the theory of thin airfoils are presented with particular reference to extensions of the theory to three dimensional flows and to supersonic speeds. The problem discussed herein is the calculation of the small disturbance velocities u, v, and w in the external field produced by the flight velocity V of the airfoil.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Collected Works of Robert T. Jones; p 483-497
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  • 16
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    Transonic/supersonic inlet R and D past, present, and future (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-10-07
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA Lewis Research Center Inlet Workshop; p 427-480
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  • 17
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    The maturation of lunar dust grains (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-02-24
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Res. in the Space Sci., Vol. 2, No. 1; 3 p
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  • 18
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    Toward diffraction-limited seeing of dim astronomical objects from the Earth's surface using LIDAR (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-02-28
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: Res. in the Space Sci., Vol. 2, No. 1; 12 p
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  • 19
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    Infrared astronomy and high energy astrophysics (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-08-09
    Beschreibung: Observations of the diffuse far-infrared flux from the galactic plane, as well as far-infrared measurements of the properties of dense molecular clouds, when combined with recent high-energy gamma-ray measurements and radio observations of carbon monoxide, yield information about the total mass of molecular clouds, the large-scale structure of the inner galaxy, and the density of cosmic rays.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: The Struct. and Content of the Galaxy and Galactic Gamma Rays; p 203-214
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  • 20
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    Meteoroid protection for the Comet Halley probe (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-06-26
    Beschreibung: The high closing speed of 57km/s between the spacecraft and Halley poses special problems in the design of the required meteoroid protection. A double wall structure with a total thickness equal to 0.1 to 1 times the diameter of the largest meteoroid encountered is sufficient to stop that meteoroid. However, the unusually high number of meteoroid impacts on the Halley probe will cause significant erosion of the outer wall so that failure of the second wall is more likely to occur from a small meteoroid passing through a previously created hole in the outer wall and then penetrating the second wall. Calculations of the shielding required based on this failure mode, show that a double wall structure must actually have a total thickness 1.2 to 7.3 times the diameter of the largest meteoroid encountered, depending on the size distribution of the meteoroids.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: ESA Comet Halley Micrometeoroid Hazard Workshop; p 73-76
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  • 21
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    Comments on wind-tunnel-flight correlations for the F-8 supercritical wing configurations (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-12-03
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Supercritical Wing Technol.: A Report on Flight Evaluation; p 111-120
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  • 22
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    A parametric experimental study of the slotted-wall boundary condition (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-22
    Beschreibung: An experimental study of slotted upper and lower walls in a two dimensional transonic wind tunnel with solid sidewalls is reported. Results are presented for several slot spacings and slot openness ratios. The experimental data were pressure measurements which were made on an airfoil model and on a sidewall near one of the slotted walls. The slotted-wall boundary condition coefficient, which related the pressure and streamline curvature near the wall, was determined from the wall pressure measurements. The measured wall-induced interference was correlated with the experimental values for the boundary condition coefficient. This correlation was compared with theory.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Advanced Technol. Airfoil Res., Vol. 1, Pt. 2; p 459-471
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  • 23
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    A study of the cosmic sources of hard X-rays (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-18
    Beschreibung: An actively-shielded, high-energy X-ray telescope was launched onboard OSO-8 on 21 June 1975. The primary objectives of this experiment are the measurements of the energy spectrum of discrete cosmic X-ray sources in the range 20 keV to 3 MeV and of the temporal variations in the intensity of each source detected with a time resolution of 0.3 msec. This detector provides the highest duty factor and the finest time resolution of any of its kind for observations over a period of up to 10 days. The background spectrum of this detector in orbit was monitored continuously since shortly after launch. The minimum detectable source strength is estimated to be between 10,000 and 100,000 photons/sq-cm-sec keV, limited primary by the effects of induced radioactivity. From 16 July through 18 July 1975, the X-ray binary, Cen X-3, was observed with the hard X-ray telescope.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: X-ray Binaries; p 739-746
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  • 24
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    Simultaneous X-ray and optical observations of X Persei (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-18
    Beschreibung: Photoelectric photometry of X Persei was obtained on five out of seven consective nights in January 1975, from the Lick and Leuschner Observatories. The observations yield B = 6.848 + or - 0.002, B-V = 0.139 + or - 0.001, with no strong evidence for variability during the observing run. These are the faintest and bluest photoelectric magnitudes and colors ever reported for X Per; this change apparently occured relatively uniformly during 1973-74 and is reminiscent of behavior last observed in approximately 1900. The suggested association of X Persei with the weak X-ray source 3U 0352+30 raises the possibility of detection of X-ray/optical covariability. On January 21, 1975, 7 hours of data were obtained from both observatories simulataneous with OAO Copernicus X-ray observations of 3U 0352+30. The X-ray data varied during this period by a factor of two, but there is no obviously correspondent optical activity, to a level of 0.02 mag. The optical data are also used to limit to 0.01 mag variations coincident with the X-ray periodicity.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center X-ray Binaries; p 719-726
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  • 25
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    OSO-8 GSFC results on Cen X-3 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-18
    Beschreibung: Spectra of Cen X-3 during eclipse, in transition out of eclipse, and during several later phases of the binary orbit were obtained from quick look data of the July 16-25, 1975 observation by the Goddard X-ray spectroscopy experiment on OSO-8. In the high state there was no absorption turn over. Pulsations were present at least to 23 keV. The spectrum at the pulse minimum was flatter above 7 keV than that of the pulse peak. In transition out of eclipse Cen X-3 emerged above a small low energy flux seen during eclipse. The observations appear to indicate absorption by cold and ionized matter and the presence of iron in the companion's atmosphere. Decreased intensities were observed at late phases of some binary orbits in some cases corresponding to dips. Absorption appears although the low energy component remains. Variable features may be interpretable as absorption and emission by iron and possibly other trace elements.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: X-ray Binaries; p 207-218
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  • 26
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    X-ray spectroscopy with the ANS satellite (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-18
    Beschreibung: Preliminary results from the Bragg crystal spectrometer on the ANS satellite are given. No significant Si XIII and Si XIV narrow line emission has been detected from Cygnus X-1, -2, or -3.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center X-ray Binaries; p 49-52
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  • 27
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    OSO-8 observations of Hercules X-1 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-18
    Beschreibung: The X-ray binary Her X-1 was observed by the GSFC cosmic X-ray detectors aboard OSO-8 between August 26 and September 3, 1975. The results reported are based on quick look tapes which contain less than 10% of the total time spent on source. Spectra were observed during different phases of the binary period including the anomalous low state (dip) in X-ray intensity. The normal high spectra is well represented by a power law with a short cutoff above approximately 25 keV. A significant and varying enhancement in the intensity around 6.7 keV was observed, suggesting the presence of an iron line. Absorption was seen in the spectrum immediately following eclipse. The dip spectrum is found to be considerably flattened. Also spectra are presented for different phases of the pulse period.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: X-ray Binaries; p 161-168
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  • 28
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    Some features of the X-ray source Cyg X-3 (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-18
    Beschreibung: Data from the Copernicus satellite are presented which show that the 4.8 hour light curve of Cyg X-3 has been relatively stable in period, shape, and amplitude since the observation of the first giant radio outburst in September 1972. A pulse height spectrum of the source obtained by the Ariel 5 satellite in the 1.5 to 26 kev energy band shows convincing evidence for line emission at about 6.5 keV. The strength of this feature varies in phase with the 4.8 hour continuum modulation, but there is no simple long term relation with the mean continuum intensity per 4.8 hour cycle. Evidence is presented which indicates that the average 2-6 kev intensity of Cyg X-3 has been higher by a factor of 3 since the onset of the radio flares.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center X-ray Binaries; p 255-265
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  • 29
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    OSO-8 observing schedule for X-ray binaries (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-18
    Beschreibung: Six different instruments on OSO-8 have observed several binary X-ray sources between energies of 0.13 keV and 1 MeV at various times since 21 June 1975. The schedule for these observations is given, as well as the present plan for such future observations through July 1976. Included is the OSO-8 observing schedule for the transient X-ray source A0620-00.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: X-ray Binaries; p 729-738
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  • 30
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    X-ray observation of 3U 1700-37 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-18
    Beschreibung: X-ray observations with Copernicus reveal three categories of flux variability in 3U 1700-37. High amplitude hourly variations are energy independent in the 3-11 keV range while a change in the low energy absorbing column causes variations in flux level on an orbital time scale. This absorption is most severe prior to eclipse ingress, suggesting that the distribution of absorbing material around the X-ray source is asymmetrical with respect to the line of centers of the binary system. The absorbing material may be identical with a high density region inferred from optical observations of HD 153919. In the third category, the maximum source intensity per binary cycle is variable by at least a factor of two between observations. Measurement of the eclipse duration on three occasions indicate that it is significantly less than when observed by Uhuru.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center X-ray Binaries; p 559-567
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  • 31
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    A review of 3U 1700-37 = HD 153919 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-18
    Beschreibung: X-ray, spectroscopic, and photometric data for the source are reviewed briefly. Some points of controversy and difficulty are discussed. The X-ray source 3U 1700-37 is moderately strong (approximately 100 Uhuru counts) and shows a long eclipse, with a period of 3.412 days. The X-rays are attenuated near 0.5 phase, and show a very wide gradual decrease on either side of the total eclipse. The low-energy cutoff is the strongest of all the X-ray binaries. These characteristics are all qualitatively compatible with the optical star's, which represent an extreme in several ways: (1) the primary is an extreme star with large mass outflow through a spherically symmetric stellar wind; (2) it is the hottest of all X-ray binary primaries (with possible exception of Cen X-3); and (3) the mass ratio is very high and the relative separation of the stars is low.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center X-ray Binaries; p 531-535
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  • 32
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    The nature of the X-ray nova A0620-00 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-18
    Beschreibung: A model is presented for the X-ray nova A0620-00. Identification with a nova can be ruled out on two counts. A binary consisting of a late-type subgiant near the Roche lobe, irradiated by an accreting compact companion is shown, however, to be in agreement with all known observations. Photometry of the optical object should be pursued since variability on an approximately eight hour period is expected.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: X-ray Binaries; p 361-367
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  • 33
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    New results from long-term observations of Cyg X-1 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-18
    Beschreibung: Observations of Cyg X-1 between October 1974 and July 1975 reveal a persistent 5.6 day modulation of the 3-6 keV X-ray intensity, having a minimum in phase with superior conjunction of the HDE 226868 binary system. The modulation is found to be most pronounced just prior to the April-May 1975 increase of Cyg X-1, after which both the modulation and intensity are at their lowest values for the entire duration of the observations. These data imply that the X-ray emission from Cyg X-1 arises from the compact member of HDE 226868, and that the increase of April-May 1975 may have represented the depletion of accreting material which had not yet been mixed into a cylindrically symmetric accretion disk about the compact member.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: X-ray Binaries; p 391-405
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  • 34
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    The interpretation of optical light variations of Centaurus X-3 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-18
    Beschreibung: The interpretation of optical light variations of X-ray binaries is discussed for the case of negligible reflection effect. The limiting cases of synchronous rotation of the visible star (Roche configuration) and of no rotation (pure tidal deformation) are considered. The theoretical results are compared with the available light curves of Cen X-3. X-ray data of the Copernicus satellite are used to get an impression of the atmospheric structure of the outer layers of the visible component. It is shown, that the X-ray eclipse duration is in good agreement with the mass ration derived from the optical variations. The X-ray eclipse duration is discussed with respect to the extended low states, and a possible correlation of the extended lows with the appearance of the optical light curves is considered.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center X-ray Binaries; p 179-185
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  • 35
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    The observation program for the GSFC cosmic X-ray spectroscopy experiment (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-18
    Beschreibung: The cosmic X-ray spectroscopy experiment on OSO-8 will observe seven X-ray binary sources in its first six months of operation. If possible, each of these sources will be observed for one or more binary orbits so that the X-ray spectrum of each object can be observed through all phases of its orbit. For the two pulsing binaries, Her X-1 and Cen X-3, spectral variations over the pulse period will be studied. Simultaneous radio observations of Cyg X-1 and Cyg X-3 will search for any correlation between radio and X-ray emission. During the first year of operation, the detectors will observe over 50% of the known X-ray sources.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: X-ray Binaries; p 737-738
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  • 36
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    Spectrophotometry of the unusual optical candidate for 3U 1728-24 (=GX 2+5 = GX 1+4) a recurrent nova? (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-18
    Beschreibung: The spectrum of the object suggested as a possible optical counterpart of GX 2+5, was studied, using the image tube scanner attached to the 3-m telescope of Lick Observatory. An improved X-ray error box obtained with Copernicus strongly supports this proposed identification. The candidate displays all the characteristics of the symbiotic stars and the related recurrent novae. The spectrum reveals the presence of an M star together with a blue component and a large number of emission lines displaying a wide range of ionization. There is evidence of variability of both the continuum and the line intensities. This object provides strong support for the often proposed association of some X-ray sources with nova-like systems.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center X-ray Binaries; p 691-701
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  • 37
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    Long term X-ray studies of Sco X-1 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-18
    Beschreibung: No modulation of the 3-6 keV X-ray intensity of Sco X-1 at a level of excess of 1% is observed at the optical period of .787313d. Evidence is found for shot-noise character in a large fraction or the X-ray emission. Almost all of the Sco X-1 emission can be synthesized in terms of approximately 200 shots per day, each with a duration of approximately 1/3 day.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: X-ray Binaries; p 703-716
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  • 38
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    The X-ray binary HD 77581 + 3U 0900-40 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-18
    Beschreibung: The properties of the binary system in the different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum are presented from X-rays to the radio. Physical parameters and a model for the system are derived.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center X-ray Binaries; p 575-614
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  • 39
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    The Skylab S019 ultraviolet spectra of HD 153919 (=3U 1700-37) and HDE 226868 (=Cyg X-1) (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-18
    Beschreibung: Ultraviolet spectra of HD153919 (=3U1700-37) and HDE226868 (=Cyg X-1) were obtained with the ultraviolet objective-prism spectrograph of Skylab Experiment S019. The data consist of unwidened spectra which extend to 1,600A for HD153919 and to 2,400A for HDE226868. The wavelength resolution is about 2A to 1,400A and 12A at 2,000A. For HD153919, an unwidened spectrum of fair quality and extending to a wavelength of 1,600A was obtained at 22 sup h 08 sup m on 1 September 1973. The energy distribution in this spectrum generally resembles that of other reddened O stars. A break in continuum intensity seems to occur at a wavelength of about 1,720A. There is a suggestion of an emission line on the longward edge of the break but this could be either a chance clumping of grains or else a photographic edge-effect caused by the break.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: X-ray Binaries; p 551-553
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  • 40
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    High resolution measurements of Cyg X-1 from rockets (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-18
    Beschreibung: Cyg X-1 was observed on two occasions (Oct. 4, 1973 and Oct. 3, 1974) by the Goddard X-ray rocket payload. This payload consisted of two gas proportional counters (xenon-methane with 710 sq cm and argon-methane with 610 sq cm using the same 128 channel pulse height analyzer and having 320 micro sec temporal resolution on the 1973 flight and 160 micro sec resolution on the 1974 flight. During both flights, bursts of 1 ms duration were observed with very high statistical certainty. To date all 13 of these bursts were analyzed for spectral and temporal character, and the results of this analysis are presented. The spectra of overall X-ray emission from both flights is also presented. In a source known for its variability, it is remarkable that the spectra taken one year apart are virtually identical.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: X-ray Binaries; p 443-451
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  • 41
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    The early light curve of A0620-00 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-18
    Beschreibung: The Ariel-5 All-Sky Monitor measured the 3-6 keV X-ray intensity of 0620-00 for two days shortly after peak emission in August 1975, and continuously throughout September 1975. The effective exposure each day for this source (and every other source in the 80% of the celestial sphere covered by the monitor) is approximately 250 sq cm sec. The light curve obtained through October 1 (when the spin axis was again pointed to A0620-00) is shown. The intensity difference at maximum is obviously a manifestation of the very soft spectrum of the source. Clearly, A0620-00 was approximately four times as bright as Sco X-1 at maximum in the band 3-6 keV. The decay is quite smooth, but cannot be fit with a single e-folding time. The interval between the early All-Sky Monitor points and the onset of continuous coverage has an inferred e-folding time of 22 days, but it is continually increasing throughout September. A0620-00 is apparently similar in its X-ray character to the very strong, long-lasting transient X-ray sources which presently number six. In contrast, only three can be sensibly reconciled with the lower-intensity, shorter-duration hard-spectrum transients which have been found to pulse on a time scale of minutes.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: X-ray Binaries; p 311-316
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  • 42
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    Absence of iron line emission in Cyg X-3 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-18
    Beschreibung: An observation of Cygnus X-3 was made with soft X-ray detectors launched on an Aerobee rocket. The iron line emission observed one month later and in May 1975 was not found. A 3 sigma upper limit for this feature is 0.006 ph/2 cm/s.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center X-ray Binaries; p 285-292
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  • 43
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    The radio sources associated with Cyg X-3 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-18
    Beschreibung: Some of the conclusions derived from the data on the radio flaring of Cyg X-3 are summarized. In addition, recent data showing that Cyg X-3 has both active and quiet radio behavior are presented.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center X-ray Binaries; p 233-244
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  • 44
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    Recent Uhuru results on Centaurus X-3 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-18
    Beschreibung: The current status of the analysis of Cen X-3 data from Uhuru concerning pulsations, orbital period and eccentricity, and extended lows, are reviewed. The pulse period decreases irregularly. The pulsed fraction (2-7 keV) is 70%-90% for single pulses but significantly less for superpositions of pulses, due to variability in shape. The pulses are narrower at higher energies with a correlated increase in fraction pulsed. The orbital period is found to both decrease and increase with p/p on the order of a few times 0.00001/year. A three sigma upper limit on the eccentricity of 0.003 is obtained; if no significant periastron motion is allowed over two years, the upper limit becomes 0.0016. The orbital period is found to be detectable during some extended lows but with a significantly decreased ratio of eclipsed to non-eclipsed intensity. Two transitions between normal high states and extended lows are studied, and a consistent model is obtained in which extended lows are caused by both burying the source in an increased stellar wind from the companion, and starving the source by decreasing the stellar wind. Changes in fraction pulsed during transitions and systematic differences in the harmonic content of the pulses are also found.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center X-ray Binaries; p 197-206
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  • 45
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    Optical observations of HDE 226868 = Cygnus X-1: A review (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-18
    Beschreibung: The present state of knowledge of the binary system HDE226868 = Cygnus X-1 is summarized, including system dimensions, nature of the secondary X-ray source, and mass transfer properties. Some deficiencies in the optical observations are pointed out; these deficiencies make interpretation of the system difficult, but can be corrected.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center X-ray Binaries; p 465-484
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  • 46
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    Intensity and spectral variations of Cyg X-1 observed from balloons (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-18
    Beschreibung: Observations of Cyg X-1 with a 20 to 200 keV balloon carried X-ray telescope in 1969, 1970, and 1972 are presented. These results reveal the following characteristics of Cyg X-1: The steep spectrum observed at E 10 keV during the radio quiet phase can extend to 200 keV. This phase may have lasted 21 months (July 1969 to March 1971). The low flux values are factors of 3 and 8 below the normal values at 30 and 100 keV respectively, are rarely observed, and may be associated with the early phase of the 1971 April X-ray transition. During some one hour periods, the intensity remained constant to approximately 20% and during other periods it varied a factor 2 in 5 minutes and a factor 10 in 1 hour. Complex spectral variations accompanied the intensity changes.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center X-ray Binaries; p 407-424
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  • 47
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    Introduction to Cyg X-1 X-ray panel (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-18
    Beschreibung: The status of X-ray observations is summarized in tabular form along with general aspects of X-ray emission. Specific questions that arise when the observed phenomena are pieced together into a coherent picture are presented. Spectral states, transitions, periodic behavior, fluctuations, and bursts are among the topics discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: X-ray Binaries; p 369-372
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  • 48
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    The transient X-ray source A0620-00 (Nova Monocerotis 1975) (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-18
    Beschreibung: A0620-00 is the first of the so-called X-ray novae to be identified with an optical object. Emission in the ultraviolet, infrared, and radio wavelength regions was observed from this source. From the observed properties of the optical radiation, it is suggested that the source is a recurrent nova.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: X-ray Binaries; p 293-309
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  • 49
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    Pulsed X-ray observations of Cen X-3 from Ariel-5 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-18
    Beschreibung: The 4.8 second X-ray pulsations from Centaurus X-3 were monitored by the MSSL collimated proportional counter on board Ariel-5 between 18-27 January 1975. Analysis of the source Doppler effect shows that the pulsation period of Cen X-3 decreased by 3.70 + or - 0.04 milliseconds during the preceding 2.3 years. The Doppler analysis also yields updated values for the binary phase and period of Cen X-3. Phase zero occurred at JD 2442438.628 + or - 0.003, and the average heliocentric binary period between October 1972 and January 1975 was 2.087129 + or - 0.000007 days. Light curves of the 4.8 second pulsations in the 3-9 keV band are characterized by two pronounced peaks, in contrast with the single peak profiles observed by Uhuru.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center X-ray Binaries; p 219-231
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  • 50
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    The interstellar matter column density to Cen X-3 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-18
    Beschreibung: The usual gas-to-dust ratio is shown to hold quite precisely for a sample of supernova remnants with available X-ray spectra and interstellar reddening observations. Supernova remnants are extended objects, tenuous enough to be optically thin in the X-ray range; it is shown that the X-ray observations can readily be interpreted in terms of a main source component and of an interstellar perturbation affecting the lower part of the spectrum. Cen X-3 is associated with an OB supergiant. The effect of the column density is easily detectable in the X-ray range. The spectrum exhibits a low energy cut-off, which is parameterized by a column of cold matter, NX. The cut-off is definitely observed to be variable. There is a suggestion that sometimes NX NH. It is concluded that on those occasions a spurious soft X-ray component is present in the source, bearing close similarity with Cyg X-1.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: X-ray Binaries; p 189-195
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  • 51
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    A procedure for analyzing transonic flow over harmonically oscillating airfoils (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-22
    Beschreibung: Finite difference procedures were successfully used to solve the steady transonic flow about airfoils and appear to provide a practical means for calculating the corresponding unsteady flow. The purpose of the paper is to describe a finite difference procedure derived from the equations for the potential flow by assuming small perturbations and harmonic motion. The velocity potential is divided into steady and unsteady parts, and the resulting unsteady equation is linearized on the basis of small amplitudes of oscillation. The steady velocity potential, which must be calculated first, is described by the classical nonlinear transonic differential equation.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Res. Center Advanced Technol. Airfoil Res., Vol. 1, Pt. 2; p 657-670
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  • 52
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    Section drag coefficients from pressure probe transverses of a wing wake at low speeds (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-22
    Beschreibung: An in-flight wing wake section drag investigation was conducted using traversing pitot and static probes. The primary objective was to develop measurement techniques and improve the accuracy of in-flight wing profile drag measurements for low values of dynamic pressure and Reynolds number. Data were obtained on a sailplane for speeds from about 40 knots to 125 knots at chord Reynolds numbers between 1,000,000 and 3,000,000. Tests were conducted with zero flap deflection, deflected flaps, and various degrees of surface roughness, and for smooth and rough atmospheric conditions. Several techniques were used to increase data reliability and to minimize certain bias errors. A discussion of the effects of a total pressure probe in a pressure gradient, and the effects of discrete turbulence levels, on the data presented and other experimental results is also included.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Res. Center Advanced Technol. Airfoil Res., Vol. 1, Pt. 2; p 601-621
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  • 53
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    Some calculations of transonic potential flow for the NACA 64A006 airfoil with oscillating flap (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-22
    Beschreibung: A method for calculating the transonic flow over steady and oscillating airfoils was developed by Isogai. It solves the full potential equation with a semi-implicit, time-marching, finite difference technique. Steady flow solutions are obtained from time asymptotic solutions for a steady airfoil. Corresponding oscillatory solutions are obtained by initiating an oscillation and marching in time for several cycles until a converged periodic solution is achieved. In this paper the method is described in general terms, and results are compared with experimental data for both steady flow and for oscillations at several values of reduced frequency. Good agreement for static pressures is shown for subcritical speeds, with increasing deviation as Mach number is increased into the supercritical speed range. Fair agreement with experiment was obtained at high reduced frequencies with larger deviations at low reduced frequencies.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Advanced Technol. Airfoil Res., Vol. 1, Pt. 2; p 689-700
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  • 54
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    Applications of dynamic measurement techniques to wind-tunnel testing (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-22
    Beschreibung: The uses of laser Doppler velocimeter, hot wire, and surface hot film techniques in the study of turbulent flows are described, and data obtained in compressible flows are discussed. Applications are illustrated with measurements of wind tunnel freestream turbulence characteristics and with data obtained in transitional, turbulent, and separated shear flows. A new method which was developed for the study of time dependent and unsteady turbulent flows is also presented.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Res. Center Advanced Technol. Airfoil Res., Vol. 1, Pt. 2; p 571-588
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  • 55
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    A fast DFT algorithm using complex integer transforms (1978)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: Winograd's algorithm for computing the discrete Fourier transform is extended considerably for certain large transform lengths. This is accomplished by performing the cyclic convolution, required by Winograd's method, by a fast transform over certain complex integer fields. This algorithm requires fewer multiplications than either the standard fast Fourier transform or Winograd's more conventional algorithms.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: The Deep Space Network; p 134-140
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  • 56
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    Aircraft (1977)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: The physical principles of flight, and the consideration of atmospheric composition and aerodynamic forces in the design and construction of various types of aircraft are discussed. Flight characteristics are described for helicopters, rotary-wing aircraft, short and vertical takeoff aircraft, and tailess or variable geometry wing aircraft. Flow characteristics at various speeds are also discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Soviet Aircraft and Rockets (NASA-TT-F-770); p 24-80
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  • 57
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    Executive summary of Aircraft Icing Specialists Workshop (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: In a period of escalating development costs for new aircraft, there is growing interest in a renewed and coordinated icing research effort to achieve an updating or modernization of each aspect of the technological issues that are involved. This includes the data base, analysis methods, test techniques, and test facilities.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Aircraft Icing; p 1-16
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  • 58
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    Radiation mechanisms and magnetospheric structure of pulsars (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: A model of pulsars is outlined. Key early considerations were those which led to the identification of pulsars with neutron stars, the Goldreich-Julian model of pulsar magnetospheres, and the recognition that, in a pulsar magnetosphere, a high energy gamma ray may annihilate to produce an electron-positron pair. Arguments that suggest that pulsar magnetospheres may contain large masses of plasma, a suggestion which has important implications concerning the structure of the magnetosphere, are considered along with observational data which support a magnetosphere model based on that idea rather than the Goldreich-Julian model.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The Struct. and Content of the Galaxy and Galactic Gamma Rays; p 108-117
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    Galactic distribution of pulsars (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: The density distributions of pulsars in luminosity, period, Z-distance, and galactocentric distance were derived using a uniform sample of pulsars detected during a 408 MHz pulsar survey at Jodrell Bank. There are indications of a fine scale structure in the spatial distribution and evidence that there is a general correlation with other galactic populations and the overall spiral structure. The electron layer in the galaxy is shown to be wider than the pulsar layer and uniform on a large scale. The number of pulsars in the galaxy was estimated and used to derive the pulsar birthrate.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The Struct. and Content of the Galaxy and Galactic Gamma Rays; p 299-319
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  • 60
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    Absorption lines in the spectra of distant objects (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: Studies that can be carried out with the Space Telescope of absorption line systems which may be expected to occur in the spectra of distant objects are discussed. The phenomenology of quasar absorption line systems is described and the principal suggested explanations are summarized. It is proposed that the numerous Ly-alpha systems are caused by 'extremely large hydrogenic halos around galaxies or clusters of galaxies. Two tests are also described for the origins of known absorption systems, the results of which will favor either the cosmological or intrinsic hypothesis. Absorption lines that are likely to be strongest are listed and a sample observing program is presented.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Sci. Res. with the Space Telescope; p 215-240
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    Space telescope observations of normal galaxies (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: Observations of the stellar content of galaxies are discussed. Specific emphasis is placed on the following two types of observation: (1) those objects near enough to observe individual stars; and (2) those so distant that only their integrated light can be observed.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Sci. Res. with the Space Telescope; p 165-180
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  • 62
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    Population statistics of faint stellar and non-stellar objects (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: A disc and halo population model is constructed to fit star counts and color data down to V approximately 23 at absolute value of b = 90 deg. This model is used to predict star counts and colors down to V approximately 30. Deviations from these extrapolated relationships provide constraints on the number of faint quasars and black dwarf stars. It is shown that extra-galactic globular clusters start contributing significantly to star counts at V approximately 25 and are more numerous than stars for V 31. Morphological studies of galaxies with approximately 0.5, were made with the space telescope. Significant constraints on theoretical models that describe the evolution of clusters of galaxies are provided.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Sci. Res. with the Space Telescope; p 151-164
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    The space telescope observatory (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: A guide to the expected characteristics of the space telescope (ST) observatory is presented. The general objectives of the ST observatory are summarized. The plans for the development of the observatory are described with a brief history of the scientific activities; an account of the scope of the present program; a summary of the major responsibilities of the contractors; and a list of the project milestones are included. The performance characteristics of the observatory are provided including the imaging and stray light characteristics, pointing capability, and operational access. The expected performance characteristics of all six of the first generation science instruments are summarized. The mode of operations is described which includes a discussion of program options, guide star selection, methods of acquisition, and quick look data capabilities.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: Sci. Res. with the Space Telescope; p 5-46
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    Safety hazard of aircraft icing (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: The problem of aircraft icing is reported as well as the type of aircraft affected, the pilots involved, and an identification of the areas where reduction in icing accidents are readily accomplished.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Aircraft Icing; p 21-27
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    Gamma ray pulsars (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Recent data from the high energy gamma ray experiment have revealed the existence of four pulsars emitting photons above 35 MeV. An attempt is made to explain the gamma ray emission from these pulsars in terms of an electron-photon cascade that develops in the magnetosphere of the pulsar. Although there is very little material above the surface of the pulsar, the very intense magnetic fields correspond to many radiation lengths which cause electrons to emit photons via magnetic bremsstrahlung and these photons to pair produce. The cascade develops until the mean photon energy drops below the pair production threshold which happens to be in the gamma ray range; at this stage the photons break out from the source.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The Struct. and Content of the Galaxy and Galactic Gamma Rays; p 118-127
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  • 66
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    Earth-type planets (Mercury, Venus, and Mars) (1975)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Spacecraft- and Earth-based studies on the physical nature of the planets Mercury, Venus, and Mars are reported. Charts and graphs are presented on planetary surface properties, rotational parameters, atmospheric compositions, and astronomical characteristics.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Found. of Space Biol. and Med., Vol. 1; p 133-196
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  • 67
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    Radio astronomers, X-ray astronomers and the space telescope (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: The use of the Space Telescope and the study of objects in the radio and X-ray wavebands, particularly extragalactic objects, are discussed. The scientific objectives of a number of projects which involve observations with the Space Telescope are described.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Sci. Res. with the Space Telescope; p 241-262
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    Space vehicle meteoroid shielding design (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: Design principles of spaced, multiwall meteoroid protection are investigated in the light of experimental data generated during the Apollo Program. The outer wall or shield is shown to be the most important element in the meteoroid-spacecraft interaction. The condition of the debris is primarily a function of the shock pressure, the melting points of the meteoroid and the shield, and the length of the meteoroid and thickness of the shield. Spacing between the walls is effective up to approximately 100 times the length of the meteoroid. The required thickness of the second wall is shown to be proportional to the meteoroid mass, velocity, and density, and to the spacing between the walls, taken with exponents dependent upon the condition of the debris. The effects of placing additional elements (insulation or honeycomb cells) between the two walls are discussed, and the efficiency of various protective configurations is presented. An analysis of the meteoroid protection proposed for the Comet Halley probe is included as an appendix.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: ESA Comet Halley Micrometeoroid Hazard Workshop; p 85-92
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    Planetary astronomy with the space telescope (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: Experimental methods in planetary astronomy are discussed using a comparison of the advantages and disadvantages in the astronomical methods of ground based, Earth-orbit, and deep space missions. Problem areas in planetary astronomy which demonstrate the utility and power of the space telescope (ST) over other methods are delineated. These include utilizing the ST for studying the atmospheric dynamics, stratospheric and upper atmospheric processes, and circumplanetary nebulae of the planets. The capability of the ST for solar system observations is summarized with a discussion of the increases in resolution and sensitivity of the ST over other Earth-orbiting telescopes highlighted.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Sci. Res. with the Space Telescope; p 47-75
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  • 70
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    The lateral flying qualities of the Bell XP-77 airplane as estimated from full-scale tunnel tests, 16 June 1944 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: Results are presented for tests made of the full scale model of the airplane in the NACA full scale tunnel. These tests were planned so as to cover as completely as possible the lateral flying quality requirements for pursuit-type airplanes contracted for by the United States Army Air Forces.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Collected Works of Charles J. Donlan; 23 p
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  • 71
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    Mining and beneficiation of lunar ores (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: The beneficiation of lunar plagioclase and ilmenite ores to feedstock grade permits a rapid growth of the space manufacturing economy by maximizing the production rate of metals and oxygen. A beneficiation scheme based on electrostatic and magnetic separation is preferred over conventional schemes, but such a scheme cannot be completely modeled because beneficiation processes are empirical and because some properties of lunar minerals have not been measured. To meet anticipated shipping and processing needs, the peak lunar mining rate will exceed 1000 tons/hr by the fifth year of operation. Such capabilities will be best obtained by automated mining vehicles and conveyor systems rather than trucks. It may be possible to extract about 40 kg of volatiles (60 percent H2O) by thermally processing the less than 20 micron ilmenite concentrate extracted from 130 tons of ilmenite ore. A thermodynamic analysis of an extraction process is presented.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Space Resources and Space Settlements; p 275-288
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    A geologic assessment of potential lunar ores (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Although bulk lunar soil is not a suitable feedstock for extracting metals, certain minerals such as anorthite and ilmenite can be separated and concentrated. These minerals can be considered as potential ores of aluminum, silicon, titanium, andiron. A separation and metal extraction plant could also extract large amounts of oxygen and perhaps hydrogen from these minerals. Anorthie containing 19 percent aluminum and 20 percent silicon can be concentrated from some highland soils where it is present in amounts up to 60 percent. Ilmenite containing 32 percent titanium and 37 percent iron can be concentrated from some mare soils where it is present in amounts up to 10 percent. The ideal mining site would be located at the boundary between a high-titanium mare and a high-aluminum highlands. Such area may exist around the rims of some eastern maria, particularly Tranquilitatis. A location on Earth with raw materials as described above would be considered an economically valuable ore deposit if conventional terrestrial resources were not available.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: NASA. Ames Res. Center Space Resources and Space Settlements; p 243-255
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    Civil Helicopter icing problems (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: The ice capabilities of rotary wing aircraft are examined. Recommendations are given to improve the inadequacies of the weather forecasts pertaining to ice, and to adopt a low maintenance anti-ice system.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Aircraft Icing; p 29-30
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    Overview of helicopter ice protection system developments (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Helicopter ice protection design criteria was developed and technological shortcoming in meeting helicopter mission requirements is that of helicopter rotor blade ice protection. Airframe components are protected using existing technology while the rotor blade protected using the cyclic electrothermal deicing concept.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Aircraft Icing; p 39-65
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    A review of the icing situation from the standpoint of general aviation (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: An overview of the present situation in the field of aircraft icing with respect to certification and operation of nontransport category airplanes is given. Problems of definition and inconsistencies are pointed out. Problems in the forecasting and measurement of icing intensities are discussed. The present regulatory environment is examined with respect to its applicability and appropriateness to nontransport airplanes.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Aircraft Icing; p 31-38
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    Icing of aircraft Some remarks with an historical slant from a cloud physicist (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Three areas of interest are commented on: cloud physics, nowcasting, and instrumentation. A comparison is made of what was done 30 years ago to what might be done in light of developments in related areas of cloud physics, weather modification and instrumentation.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Aircraft Icing; p 17-19
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    Computational aerodynamics (1975)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-11
    Beschreibung: The application of computer techniques for solving Navier-Stokes equations in support of wind tunnel tests is discussed. The ILLIAC IV computer is considered for this purpose and its limitations are analyzed. The author states that improved computers will make it possible to solve many aerodynamic problems and reduce the amount of wind tunnel testing required for adequate data processing.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA/Univ. Conf. on Aeron.; p 211-212
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    On wake vortex alleviation (1975)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-11
    Beschreibung: Research within NASA relating to the nature of lift-induced vortex wakes behind large aircraft and the means whereby the hazard they represent to smaller aircraft can be alleviated is reviewed. The research, carried out in ground based facilities and in flight shows that more rapid dispersion of the wake can be effected by several means and that the modification of span-loading by appropriate flap deflection holds promise of early practical application.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA/Univ. Conf. on Aeron.; p 143-168
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  • 79
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    Lunakhod-2: Preliminary research results (1975)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-11
    Beschreibung: Results from the Lunakhod 2 experiment on the surface property variations and relief structure of lunar craters are presented. Tectonic fractures, iron composition of lunar rocks, magnetic measurements, lunar sky brightness, and corpuscular radiation of the lunar body were studied.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Mod. Achievements of Cosmonautics (NASA-TT-F-16221); p 39-50
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    Lunakhod-2 in Lemonnier crater (1975)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-11
    Beschreibung: A study of surface properties of the Lemonnier Crater by Lunakhod 2 is summarized. Special efforts were made to determine the variations of physical-chemical properties of the lunar surface as a function of the selenological-morphological structure in the transition zone of a mare region to the highlands. Studies were also made of the local magnetic situation, physical-mechanical properties of the soil, and the optical properties of the surface.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Mod. Achievements of Cosmonautics (NASA-TT-F-16221); p 5-19
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    Optical observation of WRA 977 (3U 1233-62?) (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-18
    Beschreibung: UBV photometry of WRA 977 on 36 nights between January and July of 1974 shows that this object is active on a time scale of days at the 0.1 mag level, but that it remains quite constant during monitoring intervals lasting up to 1 hour. Periodogram analysis reveals no significant periodic variation in the brightness of this object.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center X-ray Binaries; p 677-682
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    He II lambda 4686 photometry of HD 153919 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-18
    Beschreibung: The optical component of the binary X-ray source 3U1700-37/HD 153919 was observed with the interference filter centered on the He II lambda 4686 emission. This photometry does not reveal any dependence of lambda 4686 emission on the orbital phase thereby confirming earlier spectroscopic result that the region of formation of the ionized helium emission is confined to the envelope of the 06f primary.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center X-ray Binaries; p 555-557
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  • 83
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    Blue band photometry of Cygnus X-1 (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-18
    Beschreibung: Results of blue band photometry of HDE 226868 in the years 1972-3-4 and provisional results for 1975 are presented. A mean light curve is obtained from the first three years observations which is based on 192 nights observations. Intercomparison of the results from the different years shows that the light curve is not constant.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center X-ray Binaries; p 521-527
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  • 84
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    A0620-00 as a recurrent nova (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-18
    Beschreibung: Evidence for and against the star associated with A0620-00 being a nova is presented. The conclusion is that this star closely resembles other recurrent novae with the only unusual characteristic being the apparent high temperature at maximum brightness.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center X-ray Binaries; p 335-341
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    Optical identification of A0620-00 (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-18
    Beschreibung: Identification of the optical counterpart to the transient X-ray source A0620-00 was made using image tube photography. Spectra taken subsequent to the identification showed no stellar absorption or emission features. Photometric data gave a V magnitude of 11.2 + or - .1. This is about 8 magnitudes brighter than the object appears on the Palomar Sky Survey.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center X-ray Binaries; p 327-333
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    Observations of Cygnus X-3 by ANS (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-18
    Beschreibung: The hard X-ray experiment (1 - 28 keV) on ANS observed Cygnus X-3 in November 1974, and in May 1975. The average flux intensities for these time periods were found to be 22.4 + or - 0.5 cts/sec and 12.8 + or - 0.3 cts/sec (1.3 - 7.1 keV), the former being the highest average value ever observed. The spectrum studies show an excess in the flux above the fitted continuum which can be interpreted as a line emission of FeXXIV and/or FeXXV, at approximately 6.5 keV. The strength of this feature varied in phase with the 4.8 hr X-ray modulation, and remained at a constant relative intensity. The period of the X-ray modulation is refined to 0.1996813 + or - 0.0000006 day and obtained at a 2 sigma upper limit to a continuous change in the period of 50 to the minus 13th power/sec. This new limit places serious constraints on several models for this object.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center X-ray Binaries; p 267-275
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  • 87
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    Copernicus observations of a number of galactic X-ray sources (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-18
    Beschreibung: The Copernicus satellite was launched on 21 August 1972. The main experiment on board is the University of Princeton UV telescope. In addition a cosmic X-ray package of somewhat modest aperture was provided by the Mullard Space Science Laboratory (MSSL) of University College London. Following a brief description of the instrument, a list of galactic sources observed during the year is presented. Although the X-ray detection aperture is small, the ability to point the satellite for long periods of time with high accuracy makes Copernicus an ideal vehicle for the study of variable sources.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center X-ray Binaries; p 1-25
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  • 88
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    Centaurus X-3: The observational picture (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-18
    Beschreibung: Observations of Centaurus X-3 are briefly reviewed. The composition of the neutron star, optical light curves, and X-ray pulsations are among the topics discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center X-ray Binaries; p 173-176
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  • 89
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    Periodic flickering in the optical spectrum of HZ Herculis (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-18
    Beschreibung: Photometric observations of HZ Herculis in the ultraviolet with a time resolution of 5 seconds are discussed. The existence of periodic flickering with a time scale of 115 to 130 seconds is observed. The amplitude modulation is about 3 to 6 percent, larger than that associated with the erratic white flickering. The flickering, either erratic or periodic, occurs, but not always, near orbital phase 0.5, irrespective of the on and off parts of the X-ray cycle.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center X-ray Binaries; p 101-111
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  • 90
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    ANS results on X-ray binaries (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-18
    Beschreibung: A short description is given of the Astronomical Netherlands Satellite (ANS) and the X-ray instruments of the Space Research Laboratory in Utrecht. The ANS observed in February 1975 a soft (1/4 keV) X-ray flux in Her X-1 during the 'off'-state with an intensity of a factor 10 lower than observed in the 'on'-state. The ANS observations on Cyg X-1 are summarized. During the May 1975 flaring state a very high intensity at 0.5 keV is measured consistent with a power-law photon-spectrum with index 3.5 and an interstellar absorption of 7.10 to the 21st power atoms/sq cm, but not consistent with spectra that show an additional cut-off below 1 KeV and an absorption of 7.10 to the 21st power atoms/sq cm. Intensity changes on a time scale of minutes, as observed in Cyg X-1 low state, are not observed during the flaring state.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center X-ray Binaries; p 27-47
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  • 91
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    Three dimensional boundary layer separation in supersonic flow (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-10-14
    Beschreibung: An account is given of a detailed experimental investigation of three dimensional boundary layer separation in supersonic flow. In investigating three dimensional effects on supersonic separation, models were chosen which exhibited departures from two dimensional flow in the simplest way. The plane compression corner was replaced by a plate attached to a swept back wedge formed by two obliquely intersecting planes. Maintaining a constant tunnel Mach number of 2.5, surface pressure measurements were made on these models at static orifices spaced along the centerline and along three parallel lines. The flow parameters in the boundary layer and separated regions adjacent to the model surface were measured by traversing hot wire and pitot probes. The traverses were taken across the boundary layer and reversed flow regions in a direction normal to the body surface; they were made in several vertical planes, including the plane of symmetry.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AGARD Flow Separation; 13 p
    Format: text
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  • 92
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    An experimental and numerical investigation of shock wave induced turbulent boundary layer separation at hypersonic speeds (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-10-14
    Beschreibung: A thoroughly documented experiment is reported that was specifically designed to test and guide computations of the interaction of an impinging shock wave with a turbulent boundary layer. Detailed mean flow field and surface data are presented for two shock strengths which resulted in attached and separated flows, respectively. Numerical computations are used to illustrate the dependence of the computations on the particulars of the turbulence models. Models appropriate for zero pressure gradient flows predicted the overall features of the flow fields, but were deficient in predicting many of the details of the interaction regions. Improvements to the turbulence model parameters were sought through a combination of detailed data analysis and computer simulations which tested the sensitivity of the solutions to model parameter changes. Computer simulations using these improvements are presented and discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AGARD Flow Separation; 13 p
    Format: text
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  • 93
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    On the calculation of supersonic separating and reattaching flows (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-10-14
    Beschreibung: A method is developed for solving the laminar and turbulent compressible boundary layer equations for separating and reattaching flows. Results of this method are compared with experimental data for two laminar and three turbulent layer, shock wave interactions. Several Navier-Stokes solutions are obtained for each of the laminar boundary layer, shock wave interactions considered. Comparison of these solutions indicates a first order sensitivity in C sub f to the computational mesh selected in both the viscous and inviscid portions of the flow. Comparison of the present boundary layer solutions with the Navier-Stokes solutions and with data for a given Mach number indicates that as long as the separation bubble is small, the boundary layer approximation yields solutions whose accuracy is comparable to the Navier-Stokes solutions.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AGARD Flow Separation; 12 p
    Format: text
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  • 94
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    General-altitude transformations between geocentric and geodetic coordinates (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Formulas for the general-altitude (height above the ellipsoid) transformation from geocentric to geodetic coordinates and vice versa are derived. The set of four formulas is expressed in each of two useful forms: series expansions in powers of the earth's flattening and series expansions in powers of the earth's eccentricity. The error incurred in these expansions is of the order of one part in 30 million.-
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: Celestial Mechanics; 12; Sept
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  • 95
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    La Posta Astrogeophysical Observatory (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: An overview is presented of the equipment and data acquisition procedures at La Posta Astrogeophysical Observatory, located in the mountains, east of San Diego, Calif. It is a solar observatory, focusing on solar flares and the effect of solar activity on earth. It makes daily radio and optical observations of solar activity. Radio transmission in the earth atmosphere is monitored with VLF and HF equipment. A magnetometer monitors the state of the geomagnetic field.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: Solar Physics; 43; July 197
    Format: text
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  • 96
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    The NASA-NMSU automated meteor observatory (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A new observatory for meteor research which provides data for study of meteor heights, velocities, orbits, and meteoroid abundances is described. The observing equipment is automated to take advantage of the long periods of favorable observing weather common to the region. Four K-24 cameras, electrically operated, provide the triangulation observations, and four Maksutov f/1.3 cameras with blazed transmission grating provide spectral coverage. The patrol cameras have operated for a year and a half, and approximately 6,000 frames have been exposed by 9 March 1975. Meteor trails appear on 260 of these frames. Sixty-eight trails are of meteors photographed from two locations and thus allow trajectory and orbit determinations for 34 meteors. Photoelectric sensors initiate the 2-second spectrograph exposures, and electrical controls open and close the observatory at present times.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: N. Mex. State Univ. Contrib. of the Observatory of N. Mex. State Univ., Vol 1, No. 4; p 166-173
    Format: text
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  • 97
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    Photometry of R Coronae Borealis (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Visual and photoelectric observations of R Coronae Borealis are presented, including a number of observations surrounding the 1974 minimum. The recent visual history of the variable is examined and the discrete cloud obscuration model is considered.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: Contrib. of the Observatory of N. Mex. State Univ., Vol. 1, No. 4; p 134-139
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  • 98
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    Intermediate-band photometry of faint standard stars (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The David Dunlap Observatory system uses six intermediate-band filters whose central wavelengths were chosen to cover important features in the spectrum of a late-type star. Calibrations of the color indices with physical parameters, allow one to estimate T sub eff, log g, Fe/H, M sub v and reddening directly from the photometry. Although a number of standards lists exist, only a small fraction of the stars is fainter than V=6. It is desirable to add to the numbers of faint standards. Results are presented of photometry of sixteen stars obtained during a program of variable-star photometry at Blue Mesa Observatory.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: Contrib. of the Observatory of N. Mex. State Univ., Vol. 1, No. 4; p 140-142
    Format: text
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  • 99
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    The transformation of aerodynamic stability derivatives by symbolic mathematical computation (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The formulation of mathematical models of aeronautical systems for simulation or other purposes, involves the transformation of aerodynamic stability derivatives. It is shown that these derivatives transform like the components of a second order tensor having one index of covariance and one index of contravariance. Moreover, due to the equivalence of covariant and contravariant transformations in orthogonal Cartesian systems of coordinates, the transformations can be treated as doubly covariant or doubly contravariant, if this simplifies the formulation. It is shown that the tensor properties of these derivatives can be used to facilitate their transformation by symbolic mathematical computation, and the use of digital computers equipped with formula manipulation compilers. When the tensor transformations are mechanised in the manner described, man-hours are saved and the errors to which human operators are prone can be avoided.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Aeronautical Quarterly; 26; May 1975
    Format: text
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  • 100
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    Transport and emplacement of crater and basin deposits (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Material is ejected from impact craters in ballastic trajectories; it impacts first near the crater rim and then at progressively greater ranges. Ejecta from craters smaller than approximately 1 km are laid predominantly on top of the surrounding surface. With increasing crater size, more and more surrounding surface will be penetrated by secondary cratering action, and these preexisting materials will be mixed with primary crater ejecta. Ejecta from large craters, and especially basin-forming events, not only excavate preexisting local materials, but also are capable of moving large amounts of material away from the crater. Thus mixing and lateral transport give rise to continuous deposits that contain materials from within and outside the primary crater. As a consequence, ejecta of basins and large highland craters have eroded and mixed highland materials throughout geologic time and deposited them in depressions inside and between older crater structures.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Format: text
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