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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (5,390)
  • Industrial Chemistry  (1,701)
  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY  (1,195)
  • 42.75
  • Seismology
  • 1975-1979  (5,544)
  • 1950-1954  (2,986)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
  • 1
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    Are foreshocks distinctive? Evidence from the 1966 Parkfield and the 1975 Oroville, California sequences (1979)
    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Washington D.C., Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, vol. 69, no. 4, pp. 1027-1038, pp. L09611
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Fore-shocks ; Earthquake ; Discrimination ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Spectrum ; Corner frequency ; Seismology ; Body waves ; BSSA
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    Subduction of the Nazca plate beneath Peru: Evidence from spatial distribution of earthquakes (1979)
    In:  Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc., Warszawa, Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 537-555, pp. 2121
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Subduction zone ; Seismicity ; Seismology ; South ; America ; GJRaS
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 3
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    Attenuation of P and S waves diffracted around the core (1979)
    In:  Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc., London, Elsevier, vol. 57, no. 8, pp. 353-379, pp. 2083, (ISBN 1-86239-117-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: earth mantle ; Seismology ; P-waves ; Shear waves ; Q-structure ; Quality factor ; GJRaS
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 4
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    P and S waves diffracted around the core and the velocity structure at the base of the mantle (1979)
    In:  Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc., London, Elsevier, vol. 57, no. 8, pp. 381-395, pp. 2083, (ISBN 1-86239-117-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: earth mantle ; Seismology ; P-waves ; Shear waves ; Q-structure ; Quality factor ; GJRaS
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 5
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    New Zealand and Antarctic seismology (1979)
    In:  Earthquake Information Bulletin, Münster, Amer. Sc., vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 170-174, pp. 1228, (ISBN 0-471-26610-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Seismology ; Review article ; Project report/description
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 6
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    A moment magnitude scale (1979)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 84, no. 7055, pp. 2348-2350, pp. B05S07, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Seismology ; Magnitude ; Source parameters ; seismic Moment ; Statistical investigations ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 7
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    A semi-empirical approach to prediction of long-period ground motions from great earthquakes (1979)
    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Amsterdam, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 1645-1670, pp. 2265, (ISSN 0016-8548, ISBN 3-510-50045-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Seismology ; Strong motions ; BSSA
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 8
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    A review of the 1356 Basel earthquake: Basic data (1979)
    In:  Tectonophys., Bonn, 3-4, vol. 53, no. 10, pp. 325-333, pp. L10306, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Seismology ; Earthquake
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 9
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    The deep structure of the continents (1979)
    In:  Sci. Am., Reykjavík, Icelandic Meteorological Office, Ministry for the Environment University of Iceland, vol. 240 , no. 1, pp. 92-107, pp. TC1011, (ISSN 0016-8548, ISBN 3-510-50045-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Seismology ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Lithosphere ; earth mantle ; SciAm
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 10
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    A modified form of the Gutenberg-Richter magnitude-frequency relation (1979)
    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Kunming, China, 4, vol. 69, no. 4, pp. 1209-1214, pp. L13613, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Magnitude ; Seismology ; Seismicity ; BSSA
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 11
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    Magnitude corrections for attenuation in the upper mantle (1979)
    In:  Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc., Zagreb, 3-4, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 609-638, pp. B06305, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Seismology ; Attenuation ; Inelastic ; Magnitude ; GJRaS
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 12
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    Shear velocity structure in the eastern United States from the inversion of surface-wave group and phase velocities (1979)
    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 69, no. 1, pp. 1133-1148, pp. L09610, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Seismology ; Shear waves ; Surface waves ; Phase velocity ; BSSA
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 13
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    Seismic source theory (1979)
    In:  Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., San Francisco, Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, vol. 17, no. B10, pp. 328-336, pp. B10404, (ISSN 0016-8548, ISBN 3-510-50045-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Source ; Seismology ; Review article
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 14
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    Structure under Mount Rainier, Washington, inferred from teleseismic body waves (1979)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Basel, Elsevier Science Publishers, vol. 84, no. B9, pp. 4749-4762, pp. L15S20, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Teleseismic events ; Seismology ; Volcanology ; Velocity depth profile ; USA ; Geol. aspects ; Body waves ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 15
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    Comment on "Dispersion function computations for unlimited frequency values" by Anas Abo Zena (1979)
    In:  Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc., Hannover, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 315-323, pp. L24314, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Dispersion ; Frequency ; Seismology ; GJRaS
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 16
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    Observations of sPn from Swabian Alb earthquakes at the GRF-Array (1979)
    In:  J. Geophys., Würzburg, Physica-Verlag, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 337-340, pp. L24313, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: P-waves ; Seismic arrays ; Seismology ; ConvolutionR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 17
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    On the relation between seismic moment and stress drop in the presence of stress and strength heterogeneity (1979)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., San Francisco, Pergamon, vol. 84, no. B5, pp. 2243-2250, pp. B05315, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: seismic Moment ; Stress drop ; Stress ; Strength ; Seismology ; Modelling ; Source parameters ; Inhomogeneity ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 18
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    Magnitude corrections for attenuation in the upper mantle (1979)
    In:  Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc., Zagreb, 3-4, vol. 57, no. 5372, pp. 609-638, pp. B06305, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Seismology ; Attenuation ; Magnitude ; Nuclear explosion ; GJRaS
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 19
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    Studies of seismicity and selected focal mechanisms in Switzerland (1979)
    In:  Schweiz. mineral. petrogr. Mitt., Bonn, 3-4, vol. 59, no. 10, pp. 127-132, pp. L10306, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Seismology ; Fault plane solution, focal mechanism ; Muller
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 20
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    Observations relevant to seismic driving stress, stress drop, and efficiency (1979)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., New York, August, vol. 84, no. 3-4, pp. 2251-2261, pp. 1610, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Seismology ; Stress ; Stress drop ; Energy (of earthquakes) ; Source parameters ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 21
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    An integral equation for dynamic elastic response of an isolated 3-D crack (1979)
    In:  Wave Motion, Tulsa, 3-4, vol. 1, no. 13, pp. 187-192, pp. B10303, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Dislocation ; cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; Seismology
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 22
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    Aleutian subduction zone seismicity, volcano-trench separation, and their relation to great thrust-type earthquakes (1979)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., London, Army Corps of Engineers, Woodward-Clyde Consultants, vol. 84, no. 5, pp. 4583-4591, pp. 1013, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Subduction zone ; Seismology ; Seismicity ; Volcanology ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 23
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    On the relation between Modified Mercalli intensity and body-wave magnitude (1979)
    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Dordrecht, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, vol. 69, no. 3, pp. 893-909, pp. L11307, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Seismology ; Intensity ; Magnitude ; BSSA ; body wave Magnitude
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 24
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    On the observability of isotropic seismic sources: the July 31, 1970 Colombian earthquake (1979)
    In:  Phys. Earth Plan. Interiors, Kyoto, AGU, vol. 18, no. B1, pp. 176-196, pp. L24302, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Seismology ; Earthquake ; PEPI
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 25
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    An in situ velocity study: the Stone Canyon well (1979)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Berlin, Pergamon, vol. 84, no. B2, pp. 672-678, pp. B04306, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Velocity ; Seismology ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake precursor: Vp/Vs anomalies ; JGR ; Body waves
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 26
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    Seismic signal detection and parameter estimation (1979)
    In:  Geophys. Prosp., Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 1-15, pp. 1068, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Detectors ; Seismology ; Statistical investigations ; CoherencyE
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 27
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    Elastic Waves in the Earth (1979)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, 490 pp., Elsevier, vol. 11, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 127, (3-540-43395-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Seismology ; Textbook of geophysics
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 28
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    Dispersion function computations for unlimited frequency values (1979)
    In:  Geophys. J., vol. 58, no. B11, pp. 91-105
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Seismology ; Layers ; Dispersion ; Frequency ; Synthetic seismograms
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 29
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    Determination of geometric and dynamic focal parameters for some strong intermediate earthquakes in the Vrancea region (1979)
    In:  Rev. Roum. Géol., Géophys. et Géogr. - Géophysique, Münster, 3, vol. 23, no. 3-4, pp. 39-49, pp. L12311, (ISBN 0-471-26610-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Source parameters ; Seismology ; EUROPROBE (Geol. and Geophys. in eastern Europe)
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 30
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    Travel time inversion: A geometrical approach (1979)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Berlin, Inst. Electrical & Electronics Engineers, vol. 84, no. 4, pp. 3615-3622, pp. B04307, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Travel time ; Inversion ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Seismology ; JGR
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  • 31
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    Instantaneous power spectra (1979)
    Naval Ocean Systems Center
    In:  report, San Diego, Naval Ocean Systems Center, vol. 1, no. paper SPWLA 90-C, pp. M1-M4, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Seismology ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Power spectrum ; Spectrum
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 32
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    Spektralanalyse seismischer Wellen zur Beschreibung des Scherbruches bei den Erdbeben in Friaul (1979)
    Inst. f. Geophys., Univ. Stuttgart
    In:  Diplomarbeit, Granada, 10-12 June 1999, Inst. f. Geophys., Univ. Stuttgart, vol. 339-350, no. 32, pp. 103-108, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Spectral analysis ; Spectrum ; Earthquake ; Seismology ; Fracture
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 33
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    Numerical modeling of transient wave fields in seismology and seismic prospecting (1979)
    In:  Preprint, Novosibirsk, Air Force Geophysics Laboratory, no. AFGL-TR-87-0230, pp. 103-155
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Modelling ; Seismology ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Wave propagation
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 34
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    Dynamic Green's functions for layered media and application to boundary-value problem (1979)
    Univ. Calif.
    In:  Ph.D. Thesis, San Diego, Univ. Calif., vol. 11, no. PEER Utilities Pgm. Rep. 2000/17, 24 pp., pp. 207
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Modelling ; Layers ; Synthetic seismograms ; Seismology
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 35
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    Geologische Erdbebenphänomene im Gefolge von Nuklear- und Molecularexplosionen (1979)
    Forschungsinstitut für militärische Bautechnik
    In:  report, Zürich, Forschungsinstitut für militärische Bautechnik, vol. 10, no. FMB 79.10, pp. 2985-3018
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Nuclear explosion ; Seismology ; Buechi ; Buchi
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 36
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    Eine anormale Geschwindigkeitsstruktur im oberen Erdmantel unter den Ostalpen, abgeleitet aus teleseismischen Laufzeit Residuen der Stationen Schlegeis und Gräfenberg (1979)
    Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
    In:  Diplomarbeit, München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, vol. 10, no. 28, pp. 309-314
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Teleseismic events ; Velocity analysis ; earth mantle ; Seismology ; Bruestle ; Brustle
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 37
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    Fault plane solutions using relative amplitudes of P and surface reflections: further studies (1979)
    In:  Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc., Basle, Wiley, vol. 60, no. 5441, pp. 459-487, pp. 1264, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Source ; Seismology ; Fault plane solution, focal mechanism ; GJRaS
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  • 38
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    Die Anwendung von Vorhersagefiltern zur Ereigniserkennung bei digitalen Breitbandseismogrammen (1979)
    Bundesanstalt f. Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe
    In:  Hannover, Bundesanstalt f. Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, vol. 25, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 95-104, (ISBN: 0-08-043930-6)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Seismology ; Detectors ; Filter- ; Broad-band
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  • 39
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    Erdbeben (1979)
    Hallwag
    In:  Stuttgart, Hallwag, vol. 30, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 95-104, (ISBN 0-865-42078-5)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Seismology ; Textbook of geophysics
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 40
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    CEDAR: An approach to the computer automation of short period local seismic networks (1979)
    Caltech
    In:  Ph.D. Thesis, Pasadena, CA., Caltech, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. PL-TR-91-2212(I), pp. 79-84, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Detectors ; sta ; Seismology ; Seismic networks ; High frequency ...
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  • 41
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    A first order scattering solution for modeling elastic wave codas. Part 1. The acoustic case (1979)
    In:  Preprint, Beijing, Halliburton Logging Services, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. PL-TR-91-2212(II), pp. 938-939, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Seismology ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Scattering ; Coda (waves, ~ of seismograms) ; Wave propagation ; Acoustics
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  • 42
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    Die Bestimmung der seismischen Wellenenergie im Zeitbereich unter Verwendung der digitalen Registrierungen des Seismologischen Zentralobservatoriums Gräfenberg (1979)
    Inst. f. Meteorol. und Geophys., Goethe Univ. Frankfurt
    In:  Diplomarbeit, Roma, Inst. f. Meteorol. und Geophys., Goethe Univ. Frankfurt, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. 78 (?), pp. 193-210, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Seismology ; Seismic arrays ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Energy (of earthquakes)
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  • 43
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    Deep structure of the Earth's crust and upper mantle in the USSR according to geophysical and seismological data (1979)
    Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
    In:  rept., Livermore, Calif., Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, vol. 10, no. UCID-18099, pp. 1358-1361, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Review article ; Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust) ; CRUST ; earth mantle ; Seismology ; EUROPROBE (Geol. and Geophys. in eastern Europe)
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  • 44
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    Crustal structure of the western United States (1979)
    U. S. Geol. Surv.
    In:  Prof. Paper, Menlo Park, California, U. S. Geol. Surv., vol. 1034, no. 77-3, pp. 1-74, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust) ; Velocity depth profile ; USGS ; USA ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Seismology
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 45
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    Surface wave focal mechanisms for eastern North American earthquakes with tectonic implications (1979)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Zagreb, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 84, no. 4, pp. 3543-3552, pp. L02307, (ISSN 0343-5164)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Seismology ; Fault plane solution, focal mechanism ; Surface waves ; Tectonics ; Source ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 46
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    SH-wave generation by dislocation sources - A numerical study (1979)
    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Zagreb, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 69, no. 4, pp. 1-15, pp. L02307, (ISSN 0343-5164)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Seismology ; Dislocation ; SH waves ; Source ; BSSA
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 47
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    Determination of the seismic design parameters: a stochastic approach (1979)
    Stanford University, California
    In:  Ph.D. Thesis, La Jolla, CA, Stanford University, California, vol. 1034, no. 77-767, pp. 293-297, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Seismology ; Seismic networks ; Seismic arrays ; Statistical investigations
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 48
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    HYPOELLIPSE - A computer program for determining local earthquake hypocentral parameters, magnitude, and first motion pattern (1979)
    U. S. Geol. Surv.
    In:  Open-File Report, Houston, U. S. Geol. Surv., vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. 79-431, pp. 1-57, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Source parameters ; Seismology ; Magnitude ; Hypocentral depth ; Location ; software ; USGS
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
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    Manual of seismological observatory practice (1979)
    NOAA, U. S. Department of Commerce
    In:  report, Houston, NOAA, U. S. Department of Commerce, vol. 10, no. SE-20, pp. 206-209, (ISBN 0 08 042822 3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Handbook of geophysics ; Seismology ; Instruments ; BIBTEX?
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
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    The Surface Contour Radar, a unique remote sensing instrument (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A 36 GHz computer controlled airborne Surface Contour Radar (SCR) is described, which was developed by the Naval Research Laboratory and NASA. The system uses pulse-compression techniques and dual frequency carriers spaced far enough apart to be decorrelated on the sea surface. The continuous wave transmitter is biphase modulated, the return signal is autocorrelated, and the code length and clock rate are variable, providing selectable range resolutions of 0.15, 0.30, 0.61 and 1.52 m. The SCR generates a false-color coded elevation map of the sea surface below the aircraft in real time, and can routinely produce ocean directional wave spectra with off-line data processing.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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    Detection of hairline cracks in textured silicon solar cells (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Using a focused laser scanner, the optical technique described in the present paper can be used to detect hairline cracks of the type occurring in solar cells subjected to surface texturing. The technique is capable of detecting cracks of the order of a few microns, which, otherwise, can be observed only under high magnification using an optical microscope. The technique consists of scanning a solar cell with a finely focused laser beam and recording the photoresponse (short circuit current or open circuit voltage) as a function of beam position. The presence of a crack is manifested by a sharp dip in the photoresponse.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 18; Mar. 1
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    The low-noise 115-GHz receiver on the Columbia-GISS 4-ft radio telescope (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The superheterodyne millimeter-wave radiometer on the Columbia-GISS 4-ft telescope is described. This receiver uses a room-temperature Schottky diode mixer, with a resonant-ring filter as LO diplexer. The diplexer has low signal loss, efficient LO power coupling, and suppresses most of the LO noise at both sidebands. The receiver IF section has a parametric amplifier as its first stage with sufficient gain to overcome the second-stage amplifier noise. A broad-banded quarter-wave impedance transformer minimizes the mismatch between mixer and paramp. At 115 GHz, the SSB receiver noise temperature is 860 K, which is believed to be the lowest figure so far reported for a room-temperature receiver at this frequency.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques; MTT-27; Mar. 197
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    Geodetic interferometry submission for the IUGG Quadrennial Report (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The present paper reviews the activities of two major VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometry) groups, within the United States, which have been concentrating on geodetic measurements for a number of years. The activities have resulted in the development of transportable VLBI terminals for regional surveying applications; development of VLBI techniques for obtaining station positions; establishment of relative epochs and rates of the hydrogen maser clocks at the stations; the acquisition of polar motion and earth rotation data in support of deep space tracking functions; and the development of VLBI techniques necessary for tectonic measurements on trans- and intercontinental baselines and for astrometry, polar-motion and earth-rotation observations.
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    Qualitative and quantitative flow visualization technique using ozone (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The paper describes a new flow-visualization technique based on the absorption of ultraviolet light by ozone. Ozone is an excellent tracer, because as a gas it has the same effective physical properties as air. Ozone strongly absorbs the principal line (253.7 nm) of a mercury lamp, so that when an ozone-traced flow passes between a mercury lamp and a fluorescent screen, a sharp, shadow-like image of the ozone tracer is cast on the screen. Quantitative photometry can be carried out by replacing the screen with ultraviolet detectors that yield the path-integrated column density of ozone in the flow. High-speed quantitative point monitoring (10 Hz at 10 ppb O3) is possible with capillary probes and chemiluminescent analysis.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Review of Scientific Instruments; 50; June 197
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    A high resolution holographic particle sizing system (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: This paper will review briefly the requirements of holography with respect to particle sizing techniques. A holographic construction system and the appropriate reconstruction system will be discussed regarding their characteristics and performance (i.e. system resolution, magnification, system aberration and correction of aberrations, and maximum total test volume). The capabilities of a commercial particle sizing system used to obtain particle sizes and distribution information from reconstructed holograms will be described and characterized. It will be shown that by using the methods described, high resolution throughout large test volumes can be achieved.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Optical Engineering; 18; May-June
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    Measurement of the polarization effects of an instrument using partially polarized light (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Accuracy of a radiometer is adversely affected by scene polarization if the receiving optical system is sensitive to polarization. It is therefore necessary to specify and measure the sensitivity of the system to polarized light. The Mueller-Stokes matrix of an instrument may be determined experimentally and used to predict the effects of the instrument on any beam. The specification of a maximum polarization sensitivity stated in terms of the degree of polarization produced in an unpolarized beam can be experimentally verified even though an unpolarized beam is not available in the laboratory for direct measurement.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 18; Mar. 15
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  • 57
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    Airborne laser induced fluorescence system for measuring OH and other trace gases in the parts-per-quadrillion to parts-per-trillion range (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Described in detail is a laser induced fluorescence system which has been successfully interfaced with two aircraft sampling platforms (i.e., Sabreliner jet and an L-188C Electra). This system, which has been under development for four years, presently consists of the following major components: (1) a Nd-Yag laser driven oscillator-amplifier dye laser; (2) a sampling manifold with associated fluorescence detection optics; (3) an OH calibration chamber; (4) a laser beam steering assembly; and (5) sampling electronics and data processing hardware. During the last three years, this system has been flown some 50,000 air miles making tropospheric OH radical measurements over the latitude range of 70 N to 57 S. OH concentrations measured during these flights have ranged from 30 parts-per-quadrillion (3.7 x 10 to the 5th molecules/sq cm) at altitudes of 6 km to 0.8 parts-per-trillion (2.0 x 10 to the 7th molecules/sq cm) at 0.5 km. Computations have been completed which indicate that the existing aircraft system with modest modifications should also be capable of detecting natural tropospheric levels of NO, SO2, CH2O, NO2, HNO2, NO3, H2O2 and CS2 by using both conventional laser-induced fluorescence methodology and multiphoton techniques.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Review of Scientific Instruments; 50; Dec. 197
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    Computer image processing and recognition (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A systematic introduction to the concepts and techniques of computer image processing and recognition is presented. Consideration is given to such topics as image formation and perception; computer representation of images; image enhancement and restoration; reconstruction from projections; digital television, encoding, and data compression; scene understanding; scene matching and recognition; and processing techniques for linear systems.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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    Modification of a Kowa RC-2 fundus camera for self-photography without the use of mydriatics (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Research on retinal circulation during space flight required the development of a simple technique to provide self monitoring of blood vessel changes in the fundus without the use of mydriatics. A Kowa RC-2 fundus camera was modified for self-photography by the use of a bite plate for positioning and cross hairs for focusing the subject's retina relative to the film plane. Dilation of the pupils without the use of mydriatics was accomplished by dark-adaption of the subject. Pictures were obtained without pupil constriction by the use of a high speed strobe light. This method also has applications for clinical medicine.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Brain Research Bulletin; 4; 1979
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    On-axis velocity component measurement with laser velocimeters (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The application of Doppler shifted laser light to the measurement of the two velocity components normal to the optical axis of the system is relatively simple as compared to the measurement of the on-axis velocity component. The present paper deals with the reference-beam (local oscillator) technique and the dual-beam (fringe mode) technique, which have been developed for measuring the on-axis component. Some results obtained for the on-axis component are examined.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: AIAA Journal; 17; Sept
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    Remote measurement of the transverse wind velocity component using a laser Doppler velocimeter (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The wind speed transverse to the line-of-sight of a laser Doppler radar has been measured using the intensity fluctuations of the returned signal. These measurements were made at a range of 100 m with a CO2 CW laser Doppler velocimeter, which was simultaneously performing its design function of determining the radial velocity component. The transverse component measurements are compared with those obtained using a u, v, w Gill propeller anemometer.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 18; Sept. 1
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  • 62
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    Field-widened pinhole camera (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Wood demonstrated a method in 1906 that allowed 180-deg FOV but required that the film be immersed in a tank of water. This paper presents a technique that yields the same 180-deg FOV without the necessity of wetting the film. Rays from a 180-deg FOV cone are reduced to 84-deg cone due to refraction at the glass surface. If the cone were then incident on another glass/air plane surface, it would be expanded back to 180 deg.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 18; Sept. 1
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    Magnetic shielding in a low temperature torsion pendulum experiment (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A new type of ether drift experiment searches for anomalous torques on a permanent magnet. A torsion pendulum is used at liquid helium temperature, so that superconducting cylinders can be used to shield magnetic fields. Lead shields attenuate the earth's field, while Nb-Sn shields fastened to the pendulum contain the fields of the magnet. The paper describes the technique by which the earth's field can be reduced below 0.0001 G while simultaneously the moment of the magnet can be reduced by a factor 7 x 10 to the 4th.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Review of Scientific Instruments; 50; Aug. 197
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    Measurement of turbulent fluctuations in high-speed flows using hot wires and hot films (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The paper examines the dynamic calibrations of the hot film and modified hot-wire probes with a view to assess their suitability for use in experiments for the measurement of turbulent fluctuations in compressible boundary-layer flows. Results are presented of tests on some sensors in both subsonic and supersonic boundary-layer flows. A simple technique is presented for determining dynamic calibration correction factors for the sensitivities involved.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Review of Scientific Instruments; 50; Aug. 197
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    Polarization-sensitive spectroradiometer - Two methods for overcoming the problems of measuring reflectance spectra (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The spectra obtained using a spectroradiometer are incorrect if the incident light from the sample is polarized, and if, at the same time, polarization is introduced into the transmitted beam by components of the spectroradiometer. Two methods are proposed for obtaining correct power reflectance spectra. One way is to average two incorrect reflectance spectra, which are taken at mutually orthogonal angles of rotation of the radiometer about its optical axis. Another way is by averaging reflectance spectra of mutually orthogonal polarized light components. When the orientation of one component is chosen such that it is in the plane of polarization of the incoming light, the latter method also gives the correct degree of polarization.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 18; Feb. 15
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    Remote sensing using solid-state array technology (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The paper describes the design features and capabilities of a remote sensor that uses solid-state linear arrays and operates in a 'pushbroom' scan mode to provide the required performance. Pushbroom scanning is a term describing the technique of using the forward motion of a satellite platform to sweep a linear array of detectors oriented perpendicular to the ground track across a scene being imaged. One array is typically used for each spectral channel. Satellite motion provides one direction of scan and electronic sampling of the detectors in the crosstrack dimension provides the orthogonal scan component to form an image. The detector array is sampled at the appropriate rate so that contiguous lines are produced. The performance of a pushbroom system is discussed relative to radiometric sensitivity, detector array geometric fidelity, and radiometric correction. System advantages are precision geometric positioning of the detectors, very high sensitivity and favorable SNR, low power consumption, and no moving optics.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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    Ray-tracing the convex curved crystal X-ray spectrograph (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The convex curved crystal X-ray spectrograph has recently seen increasing use for the spectral analysis of transient plasmas. The present paper describes the calculation of ray paths through the spectrograph for both localized and extended sources. The method traces a ray from any given source point to its point of diffraction by the curved crystal and then to the imaging circle, where the image point is obtained. Application of the ray tracing method is made to some actual experimental configurations to obtain resolution values and source sizes. Wavelength calibrations are obtainable with the ray tracing method in advance of instrument construction.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 18; Feb. 1
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  • 68
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    Graphic design of pinhole cameras (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The paper describes a graphic technique for the analysis and optimization of pinhole size and focal length. The technique is based on the use of the transfer function of optical elements described by Scott (1959) to construct the transfer function of a circular pinhole camera. This transfer function is the response of a component or system to a pattern of lines having a sinusoidally varying radiance at varying spatial frequencies. Some specific examples of graphic design are presented.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 18; Feb. 1
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    Development of a portable, high-energy radiographic source (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A two-year program has been undertaken to develop a portable high-energy (3-4 MeV) radiographic system for in-service and repair inspections of components at nuclear power stations. The basic design concept uses a lightweight portable linear accelerator. This paper describes the design objectives, concepts employed, and progress to date. Specific potential applications and accompanying radiographic techniques are discussed, along with novel beam-angulation devices that permit utilization in areas of highly restricted access.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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    Broadband electrostatic acoustic transducer for ultrasonic measurements in liquids (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A broadband capacitive electrostatic acoustic transducer (ESAT) has been developed for use in a liquid environment at megahertz frequencies. The ESAT basically consists of a thin conductive membrane stretched over a metallic housing. The membrane functions as the ground plate of a parallel plate capacitor, the other plate being a dc biased electrode recessed approximately 10 microns from the electrically grounded membrane. An ultrasonic wave incident on the membrane varies the membrane-electrode gap spacing and generates an electrical signal proportional to the wave amplitude. The entire assembly is sealed for immersion in a liquid environment. Calibration of the ESAT with incident ultrasonic waves of constant displacement amplitude from 1 to 15 MHz reveals a decrease in signal response with increasing frequency independent of membrane tension. The use of the ESAT as a broadband ultrasonic transducer in liquids with a predictable frequency response is promising.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Review of Scientific Instruments; 50; Jan. 197
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    Adjacency effects on imaging by surface reflection and atmospheric scattering - Cross radiance to zenith (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The paper discusses an analytical solution for the nadir radiance as measured from a satellite, based on a simplified single-scattering approximation in which the scattered radiation is not subject to extinction. In the solution, terms can be identified as due to a reflection from the vicinity of the object pixel, and respectively, (1) upward scattering to zenith above the object pixel (cross radiance), and (2) downward scattering from the entire atmosphere to the object pixel (cross irradiance). It is shown that the cross radiance is proportional to the forward scattering optical thickness, as defined, and the cross irradiance to the backscattering optical thickness. In addition, explicit expressions and computer solutions for the cross radiance from annular or from rectangular reflecting areas are presented. It is concluded that the effect depends on the height distribution and on the sharpness of the forward peak of the scattering particles.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 18; Aug. 15
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    Microwave sensing from orbit (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Microwave sensors, used in conjunction with the traditional sensors of visible and infrared light to extend present capabilities of global weather forecasts and local storm watches, are discussed. The great advantage of these sensors is that they can penetrate or 'see' through cloud formations to monitor temperature, humidity and wind fields below the clouds. Other uses are that they can penetrate the earth deeper than optical and IR systems; they can control their own angle of incidence; they can detect oil spills; and they can enhance the studies of the upper atmosphere through measurement of temperature, water vapor and other gaseous species. Two types of microwave sensors, active and passive, are examined. Special attention is given to the study of the microwave radiometer and the corresponding temperature resolution as detected by the antenna. It is determined that not only will the microwave remote sensors save lives by allowing close monitoring of developing storms, but also save approximately $172 million/year.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: IEEE Spectrum; 16; Aug. 197
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    Automated electrical impedance technique for rapid enumeration of fecal coliforms in effluents from sewage treatment plants (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Aplied and Environmental Microbiology; 37; Mar. 197
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    Rapid, single-step most-probable-number method for enumerating fecal coliforms in effluents from sewage treatment plants (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A single-step most-probable-number method for determining the number of fecal coliform bacteria present in sewage treatment plant effluents is discussed. A single growth medium based on that of Reasoner et al. (1976) and consisting of 5.0 gr. proteose peptone, 3.0 gr. yeast extract, 10.0 gr. lactose, 7.5 gr. NaCl, 0.2 gr. sodium lauryl sulfate, and 0.1 gr. sodium desoxycholate per liter is used. The pH is adjusted to 6.5, and samples are incubated at 44.5 deg C. Bacterial growth is detected either by measuring the increase with time in the electrical impedance ratio between the innoculated sample vial and an uninnoculated reference vial or by visual examination for turbidity. Results obtained by the single-step method for chlorinated and unchlorinated effluent samples are in excellent agreement with those obtained by the standard method. It is suggested that in automated treatment plants impedance ratio data could be automatically matched by computer programs with the appropriate dilution factors and most probable number tables already in the computer memory, with the corresponding result displayed as fecal coliforms per 100 ml of effluent.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied and Environmental Microbiology; 37; Mar. 197
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    Tomographical imaging using uniformly redundant arrays (1979)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: An investigation is conducted of the behavior of two types of uniformly redundant array (URA) when used for close-up imaging. One URA pattern is a quadratic residue array whose characteristics for imaging planar sources have been simulated by Fenimore and Cannon (1978), while the second is based on m sequences that have been simulated by Gunson and Polychronopulos (1976) and by MacWilliams and Sloan (1976). Close-up imaging is necessary in order to obtain depth information for tomographical purposes. The properties of the two URA patterns are compared with a random array of equal open area. The goal considered in the investigation is to determine if a URA pattern exists which has the desirable defocus properties of the random array while maintaining artifact-free image properties for in-focus objects.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 18; Apr. 1
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    Nuclear Science Symposium, 25th, and Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems, 10th, Washington, D.C., October 18-20, 1978, Proceedings (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Detectors of various types are discussed, taking into account drift chambers, calorimetry, multiwire proportional chambers, signal processing, the use of semiconductors, and photo/optical applications. Circuits are considered along with instrumentation for space, nuclear medicine instrumentation, data acquisition and systems, environmental instrumentation, reactor instrumentation, and nuclear power systems. Attention is given to a new approach to high accuracy gaseous detectors, the current status of electron mobility and free-ion yield in high mobility liquids, a digital drift chamber digitizer system, the stability of oxides in high purity germanium, the quadrant photomultiplier, and the theory of imaging with a very limited number of projections.
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    On the foci of Tandem Wadsworth spectrographs (1979)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The horizontal foci of a Tandem Wadsworth spectrograph are calculated by using the correct ruling densities for both gratings. Results are quite different from those of previous analyses that used approximate ruling densities. Ray tracings confirm the analyses with the correct ruling densities and also indicate that this spectrograph possesses the excellent, nearly stigmatic properties found by the approximate analyses.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Optical Society of America; vol. 69
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    DSN water vapor radiometer: Tropospheric range delay calibration (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A discussion is presented of the Deep Space Network water vapor radiometer by means of simultaneous antenna temperature and radiosonde measurements at Edwards Air Force Base. The calibration of radiometer gain and hot load radiometric noise temperature is also described. Calibration equations are given. It is found that with a selected data set, the RMS error is less than 1 cm over a total delay range of 9 to 38 cm. Limitations on the use of the water vapor radiometer are also given.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The Deep Space Network; p 136-145
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    Further developments in simple total energy sensors (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A simple total energy probe concept using principles of laminar flow around a cylinder and pressure distribution is reviewed and flow fields around cylinders normal to and inclined to the flow are described. A variety of bent-up probe configurations were tested to explore variations in geometry. Test results are presented on the effects of sensor length, hole location, and angle of sweep. Comparisons are made with other probe tests reported in the literature. Damping restrictors and their use in filtering gusts are summarized. Flow field effects, indicating the variables involved for different mounting locations on aircraft, are discussed.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The Sci. and Technol. of Low Speed and Motorless Flight, Pt. 1; p 219-246
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    Monitor proportional counter (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: An Uhuru class Ar-CO2 gas filled proportional counter sealed with a 1.5 mil beryllium window and sensitive to X-rays in the energy bandwidth from 1.5 to 22 keV is presented. This device is coaligned with the X-ray telescope aboard the Einstein Observatory and takes data as a normal part of the Observatory operations.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: HEAO Sci. Symp.; p 347-366
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  • 81
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    AVHRR/1-FM Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The advanced very high resolution radiometer is discussed. The program covers design, construction, and test of a breadboard model, engineering model, protoflight model, mechanical/structural model, and a life test model. Special bench test and calibration equipment was developed for use on the program. The flight model program objectives were to fabricate, assemble and test four of the advanced very high resolution radiometers along with a bench cooler and collimator.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-CR-160059
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  • 82
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    Self-synchronizing Schlieren photography and interferometry for the visualization of unsteady transonic flows (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The use of self synchronizing stroboscopic Schlieren and laser interferometer systems to obtain quantitative space time measurements of distinguished flow surfaces, steakline patterns, and the density field of two dimensional flows that exhibit a periodic content was investigated. A large field single path stroboscopic Schlieren system was designed, constructed and successfully applied to visualize four periodic flows: near wake behind an oscillating airfoil; edge tone sound generation; 2-D planar wall jet; and axisymmetric pulsed sonic jet. This visualization technique provides an effective means of studying quasi-periodic flows in real time. The image on the viewing screen is a spatial signal average of the coherent periodic motion rather than a single realization, the high speed motion of a quasi-periodic flow can be reconstructed by recording photographs of the flow at different fixed time delays in one cycle. The preliminary design and construction of a self synchronizing stroboscopic laser interferometer with a modified Mach-Zehnder optical system is also reported.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-CR-164839
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  • 83
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    A gas chromatographic air analyzer fabricated on a silicon wafer (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A miniature gas analysis system has been built based on the principles of gas chromatography (GC). The major components are fabricated in silicon using photolithography and chemical etching techniques, which allows size reductions of nearly three orders of magnitude compared to conventional laboratory instruments. The chromatography system consists of a sample injection valve and a 1.5-m-long separating capillary column, which are fabricated on a substrate silicon wafer. The output thermal conductivity detector is separately batch fabricated and integrably mounted on the substrate wafer. The theory of gas chromatography has been used to optimize the performance of the sensor so that separations of gaseous hydrocarbon mixtures are performed in less than 10 s. The system is expected to find application in the areas of portable ambient air quality monitors, implanted biological experiments, and planetary probes.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices; ED-26; Dec. 197
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  • 84
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    A real-time electronic imaging system for solar X-ray observations from sounding rockets (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A real-time imaging system for displaying the solar coronal soft X-ray emission, focussed by a grazing incidence telescope, is described. The design parameters of the system, which is to be used primarily as part of a real-time control system for a sounding rocket experiment, are identified. Their achievement with a system consisting of a microchannel plate, for the conversion of X-rays into visible light, and a slow-scan vidicon, for recording and transmission of the integrated images, is described in detail. The system has a quantum efficiency better than 8 deg above 8 A, a dynamic range of 1000 coupled with a sensitivity to single photoelectrons, and provides a spatial resolution of 15 arc seconds over a field of view of 40 x 40 square arc minutes. The incident radiation is filtered to eliminate wavelengths longer than 100 A. Each image contains 3.93 x 10 to the 5th bits of information and is transmitted to the ground where it is processed by a mini-computer and displayed in real-time on a standard TV monitor.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Space Science Instrumentation; 5; Dec. 197
    Format: text
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  • 85
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    Portable high-resolution laser monochromator-interferometer with multichannel electronic readout (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A high-resolution 0.4-m monochromator is described for use in wavelength diagnosis of tunable pulsed and CW laser sources in the 3000-10,000-A region. The f/20 design uses an echelle grating in an over-and-under Ebert configuration with a scanned photodiode array to provide a real-time multichannel display of spectral output. Absolute wavelength may be determined to 0.1 A with the monochromator, and a Fabry-Perot interferometer attachment extends linewidth measurement capability to 0.01 A or better. Spectra are displayed on a storage oscilloscope, and calculation of laser parameters is explained. The instrument measures 70 cm long x 15 cm wide x 20 cm high.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 18; Dec. 15
    Format: text
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  • 86
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    Further laboratory studies and stratospheric flight of a mass spectrometer beam system (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A gas expansion system combined with a mass spectrometer has been tested and flown successfully in the stratosphere. Through a sequence of orifices and high speed pumping, gas particles were formed into a molecular beam and analyzed by a sensitive mass spectrometer. During two balloon flights, vertical profiles of all major atmospheric constituents as well as O3, CO2, H2O and others were obtained. Gases such as AR38 and O16;O17 provided in-flight calibration standards. The sensitivity of the system was such that gases with mixing ratios of 10 ppb at an ambient pressure of about 10 mbar were detectable.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Review of Scientific Instruments; 50; Dec. 197
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  • 87
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    Infrared radiometer for the Pioneer Venus orbiter. I - Instrument description (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A ten-channel IR radiometer for the Pioneer Venus orbiter is described. The experimental techniques used and the design of the instrumentation by which they were implemented are considered. Emphasis is placed on temperature sounding, limb sounding, limb darkening, zenith scanning, cloud top temperature, spectral albedo and water vapor measurements. Instrumentation description is also given including optics, detectors, and electronics. Attention is given to data acquisition and handling, calibration, and in-flight performance.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 18; Dec. 1
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  • 88
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    Application of satellite time transfer in autonomous spacecraft clocks (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The conceptual design of a spacecraft clock that will provide a standard time scale for experimenters in future spacecraft., and can be sychronized to a time scale without the need for additional calibration and validation is described. The time distribution to the users is handled through onboard computers, without human intervention for extended periods. A group parallel binary code, under consideration for onboard use, is discussed. Each group in the code can easily be truncated. The autonomously operated clock not only achieves simpler procedures and shorter lead times for data processing, but also contributes to spacecraft autonomy for onboard navigation and data packetization. The clock can be used to control the sensor in a spacecraft, compare another time signal such as that from the global positioning system, and, if the cost is not a consideration, can be used on the ground in remote sites for timekeeping and control.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-TM-80572
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  • 89
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    Toxic level hypergolic vapor detection sensor development (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Development of an electrochemical sensor technology capable of PPB level hypergolic vapor sensing is reported. A portable instrument capable of meeting the design goals is described.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-CR-154633 , KSC-TR-28-1
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  • 90
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    Frequency-scanning particle size spectrometer (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A particle size spectrometer having a fixed field of view within the forward light scattering cone at an angle theta sub s between approximately 100 and 200 minutes of arc (preferably at 150 minutes), a spectral range extending approximately from 0.2 to 4.0 inverse micrometers, and a spectral resolution between about 0.1 and 0.2 inverse micrometers (preferably toward the lower end of this range of spectral resolution), is employed to determine the distribution of particle sizes, independently of the chemical composition of the particles, from measurements of incident light, at each frequency, sigma (=1/lambda), and scattered light, I(sigma).
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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  • 91
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    Distributed-switch Dicke radiometers (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A radiometer on an orbiting spacecraft is described which derives high spatial resolution information from terrestrial and atmospheric regions. The N elements or subapertures on the spacecraft transduce electromagnetic energy into electric signals. Many or all of the elements are simultaneously illuminated by electromagnetic energy radiated from the same region. Identical, parallel processing channels are responsive to the N elements. Each of the channels includes a variable gain amplifier responsive to the signal transduced by its corresponding array elements. The gain of each amplifier is controlled as a function of the output difference when the channel is connected periodically to each of a pair of Dicke noise sources, such as resistors maintained at predetermined temperatures.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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  • 92
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    Rough surface wavelength measurement through self mixing of Doppler microwave backscatter (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A microwave backscatter technique is presented that has the ability to sense the dominant surface wavelength of a random rough surface. The purpose of this technique is to perform this measurement from an aircraft or spacecraft, wherein the horizontal velocity of the radar is an important parameter of the measurement system. Attention will be directed at water surface conditions for which a dominant wavelength can be defined, then the spatial variations of reflectivity will have a two dimensional spectrum that is sufficiently close to that of waves to be useful. The measurement concept is based on the relative motion between the water waves and a nadir looking radar, and the fact that while the instantaneous Doppler frequency at the receiver returned by any elementary group of scatterers on a water wave is monotonically changing, the difference in the Doppler frequency between any two scattering 'patches' stays approximately constant as these waves travel parallel to the major axis of an elliptical antenna footprint. The results of a theoretical analysis and a laboratory experiment with a continuous wave (CW) radar that encompasses several of the largest waves in the illuminated area show how the structure in the Doppler spectrum of the backscattered signal is related to the surface spectrum and its parameters in an especially direct and simple way when an incoherent envelope detector is the receiver.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation; AP-27; Nov. 197
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  • 93
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    Fiber Ring Optical Gyroscope (FROG) (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The design, construction, and testing of a one meter diameter fiber ring optical gyro, using 1.57 kilometers of single mode fiber, are described. The various noise components: electronic, thermal, mechanical, and optical, were evaluated. Both dc and ac methods were used. An attempt was made to measure the Earth rotation rate; however, the results were questionable because of the optical and electronic noise present. It was concluded that fiber ring optical gyroscopes using all discrete components have many serious problems that can only be overcome by discarding the discrete approach and adapting an all integrated optic technique that has the laser source, modulator, detector, beamsplitters, and bias element on a single chip.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-CR-163387 , PUBL-79-014
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  • 94
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    Pressure Modulator Radiometer (PMR) tests (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The pressure modulator technique was evaluated for monitoring pollutant gases in the Earth's atmosphere of altitude levels corresponding to the mid and lower troposphere. Using an experimental set up and a 110 cm sample cell, pressure modulator output signals resulting from a range of gas concentrations in the sample cell were examined. Then a 20 cm sample cell was modified so that trace gas properties in the atmosphere could be simulated in the laboratory. These gas properties were measured using an infrared sensor.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-CR-159175
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  • 95
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    Displacement probes with self-contained exciting medium (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A transducer that combines a noncontacting displacement probe with a self-contained target is described. The target is held in position against a vibrating surface by a housing which also supports the noncontacting probe. The target vibrates with the surface and the probe senses the vibrations of the target.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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  • 96
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    Instrument error analysis as it applies to wind-tunnel testing (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Errors resulting from the instrumentation used to measure wind tunnel model parameters are analyzed. The pertinent parameters, their standard deviations, and the theoretical derivation of them, are given. Some BASIC programs and plots for the standard deviations of dynamic pressure, Mach number, and Reynolds number are included.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-TP-1572 , L-13222
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  • 97
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    A low energy electron magnetometer (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The concept of a highly sensitive magnetometer based on the deflection of low energy electron beams in magnetic fields is analyzed. Because of its extremely low mass and consequently high e/m ratio, a low energy electron is easily deflected in a magnetic field, thus providing a basis for very low field measurement. Calculations for a specific instrument design indicate that a low energy electron magnetometer (LEEM) can measure magnetic fields as low as 1000 nT. The anticipated performance of LEEM is compared with that of the existing high resolution magnetometers in selected applications. The fast response time of LEEM makes it especially attractive as a potential instrument for magnetic signature analysis in large engineering systems.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-TM-80172 , L-13329
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  • 98
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    Determination of noise equivalent reflectance for a multispectral scanner: A scanner sensitivity study (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The methods used to calculate the sensitivity parameter noise equivalent reflectance of a remote-sensing scanner are explored, and the results are compared with values measured over calibrated test sites. Data were acquired on four occasions covering a span of 4 years and providing various atmospheric conditions. One of the calculated values was based on assumed atmospheric conditions, whereas two others were based on atmospheric models. Results indicate that the assumed atmospheric conditions provide useful answers adequate for many purposes. A nomograph was developed to indicate sensitivity variations due to geographic location, time of day, and season.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-TP-1575 , S-497
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  • 99
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    Experimental study of low-energy charge transfer in nitrogen (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Total charge transfer cross sections were obtained for the N2(+)-N2 system with relative translational ion energies between 9 and 441 eV. Data were obtained to examine the dependence of total cross section on ion energy. The effect of ion excitation on the cross sections was studied by varying the electron ionization energy in the mass spectrometer ion source over an electron energy range between 14.5 and 32.1 eV. The dependence of total cross section on the neutralization chamber gas pressure was examined by obtaining data at pressure values from 9.9 to 0.000199 torr. Cross section values obtained were compared with experimental and theoretical results of other investigations.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-TM-80156 , L-13246
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  • 100
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    Calibration of long wavelength Exotech model 20C spectroradiometer (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A brief description of the Exotech model 20C field spectroradiometer, which measures the spectral radiance of a target in the wavelength ranges from 0.37 to 2.5 microns (short wavelength unit), 2.8 to 5.6 microns, and 7.0 to 14 microns (long wavelength unit) is given. It is a rugged field instrument which uses four circular-variable-filters to get wavelength scan. Wavelength calibration of the long wavelength unit was done by use of the strong, sharp, and accurately known absorption bands of polystyrene, atmospheric carbon dioxide, and methyl cyclohexane (liquid) in the IR wavelength region. The spectral radiance calibration was done by recording spectral scans of the hot and the cold blackbody targets and assuming that spectral radiance varies linearly with the signal.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 18; July 1
    Format: text
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