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  • Articles  (10)
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  • 1980-1984  (10)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (9)
  • Geosciences  (1)
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  • Articles  (10)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 3 (1982), S. 191-292 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: spinach ; NO3-content ; ionic balance ; plant age ; season of growth ; soil moisture ; soil pH ; Mo-spraying ; light intensity ; temperature ; K-dressing ; P-dressing ; varietal differences ; N-dressing ; plant-available N ; N-form ; NO3: NH4-ratio ; nitrification ; inhibitors ; type of N-carrier ; time of application of N
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Environmental factors and cultural measures affecting the NO3-content in spinach were studied indoors, in water-, sand- and soil-culture experiments. In the field, the influences of variations in N-fertilizing practices and in spinach varieties were also tested. High NO3-contents in spinach were found with low light intensities, with low soil-moisture contents, and with high temperatures. NO3-contents increased with increasing K-dressing (less so with KCl than with K2SO4), but decreased with increasing soil pH. In pot experiments, positive results were obtained with sulphur-coated urea, with farmyard manure and with pigmanure slurry. Application of Mo as a spray onto spinach leaves, and variations in P-dressings and in soil P-status were found not to affect the NO3-content in spinach. In pot experiments, NO3-contents decreased with progressing plant age (in autumn less so than in spring). Within spinach plants, NO3-contents were highest in petioles and older leaves. Varietal differences in NO3-contents were observed in a pot- and a field experiment. In pot- and field experiments, partial or complete replacement of NO3-N by NH4-N in general caused the NO3-content in spinach to decrease. However, such a replacement was shown not always to result in lower NO3-contents. Additional factors involved are e.g. the use and effectiveness of nitrification inhibitors, the soil type and the amount of available N. The amount of N added and, in the field, the amount of N available in the soil before sowing, strongly affected the NO3-content in spinach. Under field conditions, nitrogen appeared to be taken up from the top 60 cm of the soil profile. The effects of variations in timing of nitrogen applications were absent in a pot experiment and not consistent in field experiments.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Potato research 23 (1980), S. 9-18 
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: micropropagation ; phytohormones ; light ; temperature ; shaking ; axillary buds ; rapid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Methode zur raschen Vermehrung von abgetrennten Triebspitzen auf einem keimfreien, flüssigen Nährboden beschrieben. Triebspitzen wurden von Knollen entnommen, die vorher gründlich gewaschen wurden. Die Oberfläche wurde keimfrei gemacht, die Knollen in 2–4 Stücke geschnitten, für 1 Stunde in 100 mg/l Gibberellinsäure getaucht und dann auf Saugpapier gelegt, das von Zeit zu Zeit mit 1,0 mM CaCl2 befeuchtet wurde. Die Triebspitzen wurden herausgeschnitten, wenn sie 15–25 mm lang waren, sterilisiert und der unterste Teil von 2–5 mm weggeschnitten. Als Nährboden wurde derjenige nach Murashige und Skoog (1962) (MS) verwendet, ohne Kaseinhydrolysat. Nährboden und Zvtokinine wurden im Autoklav sterilisiert. Gibberellinsäurelösungen wurden filtersterilisiert. Feste bzw. flüssige Nährböden waren nicht zufriedenstellend, auch nicht bei fortwährendem Schütteln. Wenn die Triebspitzen dagegen in 100 ml-Kolben mit 20 ml Nährboden während 1,5 Stunden pro Tag und 50 U mdrehungen pro Minute während 4 Wochen geschüttelt und dann stationär gehalten wurden, zeigten sie gutes Wachstum, besonders bei Vorhandensein von 0,5 mg/l Kinetin plus 0,1 mg/l Gibberellinsäure (Abb. 1). Dagegen zeigten Triebspitzen von 10–15 mm, die von solchen aus Vermehrung auf Nährboden (Subkultur-Triebspitzen) stammten, besseres Waschstum beim Vorkommen von 5 mg/l Kinetin plus 0,01 mg/l Gibberellinsäure. Kinetin übertraf 6-γ, γ (Dimethylallylamin) Purin oder 6-Benzylaminpurin (Tabelle 1). Licht hatte deutliche Einflüsse auf das Wachstum. Subkultur-Triebspitzen wuchsen am besten mit ‘Grund’-Belichtung (Lichtintensität: 28 μE m−2s−1) (Abb. 2; Tabelle 2) während der 4 Wochen dauernden Schüttelphase der Inkubation. Während der folgenden stationären Phase war eine hohe Lichtintensität am günstigsten: 120 μE m−2s−1 für eine einmalige Subkultur (Abb. 3), aber 47 μE m−2s−1 für wiederholte Subkulturen (Abb. 4). Die optimale Temperatur während der stationären Phase variierte je nach Sorte. Für Kennebec und Pontiac betrug sie 21/16°C (je 12 Stunden), für Exton war sie 24/19°C (Tabelle 3). Bei der Ernte der Triebspitzen wurden die Kolbeninhalte in eine sterile Petrischale gelegt und die Spitzen ausgeschnitten. Innerhalb 1–2 Wochen entwickelte sich ein zweiter Bestand von Triebspitzen auf den Rückständen in der Petrischale. Diese konnte geerntet werden, und ein dritter und oft auch ein vierter Nachwuchs konnte aus dem gleichen Material erzielt werden. Diese Methode dürfte als rasche Vermehrungstechnik eine eingehende Auswertung verdienen.
    Abstract: Résumé Une méthode est décrite pour obtenir la multiplication rapide d’extrémités de pousses en milieu liquide asceptique. Ces dernières ont été obtenues à partir de tubercules lavés et stérilisés en surface puis coupés en 2 à 4 morceaux. Les fragments ainsi obtenus ont éte trempés pendant une heure dans une solution d’acide gibberellique à 100 mg/l et disposés sur un papier absorbant humidifié occasionnellement avec une solution de CaCl2 à 1 mM. Les extrémités des pousses ont été excisées quand celles-ci ont atteint 15 à 25 mm de long et stérilisées; 2 à 5 mm de la partie basale des pousses ont été éliminés. Le milieu utilisé pour la culture des extrémités de pousses est celui de Murashige et Skoog (1962) sans hydrolysat de caséine (MS). Le milieu de culture et les cytokinines ont été stérilisés à l’autoclave; les solutions d’acide gibberellique ont été filtrées et stérilisées. Les milieux liquides non agités ou solidifiés par de l’agar n’ont pas donné satisfaction, de même que les milieux liquides agités en continu. Lorsque les extrémités de pousses ont été agitées dans des flacons de 100 ml contenant 20 ml de milieu pendant 1 heure et demie par jour, à la cadence de 50 mouvements par minute et durant 4 semaines, une bonne prolifération des pousses a été observée, notamment en présence de 0,5 mg/l de kinétine et de 0,1 mg/l d’acide gibbérellique (figure 1). Toutefois, des extrémités de pousses de 10 à 15 mm provenant de pousses multipliées en culture (‘sous culture’) ont montré une meilleure prolifération en présence de 5 mg/l de kinétine et de 0,01 mg/l d’acide gibbérellique. La kinétine a été supérieure à la 6γ, γ (dimethylamino) purine ou à la 6 benzylaminopurine (tableau 1). La lumière a eu un effet marqué sur la prolifération des pousses. Le développement des ‘sous-cultures’ s’est avéré meilleur avec un éclairement faible (intensité de 28 μE m−2s−1 (figure 2, tableau 2), durant les 4 semaines en culture agitée de la phase d’incubation. Pendant la phase de culture sans agitation une forte intensité lumineuse a été plus favorable, 120 μE m−2s−1 pour une simple ‘sous-culture’ (figure 3) mais 47 μE m−2s−1 pour des ‘sous-cultures’ répétées (figure 4). La température optimum durant la phase sans agitation variait avec les variétés, pour Kennebec et Pontiac elle était de 21/16°C (12 heures chacune), pour Exton elle était de 24/19°C (tableau 4). Pour le prélèvement des extrémités de pousses, les fragments de tubercules ont été placés dans des boites de Pétri stériles. Après l à 2 semaines, un second développement s’est effectué sur les morceaux non utilisés maintenus dans une boite de Pétri; des extrémités de pousses ont pu être à nouveau récoltées. Un troisième et souvent un quatrième prélèvement ont pu être réalisés sur ce même matériel. Les résultats obtenus méritaient une description détaillée de cette technique rapide de multiplication.
    Notes: Summary Extensive proliferation via axiallary meristems can be induced in potato shoot-tips (15–20mm) cultured in liquid media. Proliferation is greatest when a 4-week period of shake culture for 1 1/2 h per day is followed by stationary culture. The rate of proliferation is influenced by light, temperature and phytohormones. Gibberellic acid and kinetin are essential, but the optimal concentrations are different for initial inocula and for subcultures. Under optimal conditions shoot multiplication rates in excess of 10–25 fold per 8 weeks are obtained, but there are genotypic differences in the response.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Potato research 23 (1980), S. 361-363 
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: relative humidity ; temperature ; water pan trap
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A mixture of sex pheromone PTM1 (trans-4,cis-7-tridecadien-1-ol acetate) and PTM2 (trans-4,cis-7,cis-10-tridecatrien-1-ol acetate) on rubber cap dispensers was used to attract adult male tuber moths to water pan traps. Correlation analysis of daily catches made over a 61-day period showed that temperature and relative humidity accounted for 20.5% and 1.4% respectively of catch variability. Further studies are needed to reveal any major components of the 78% residual variability.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 88 (1982), S. 191-202 
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: coffee leaf rust ; complete resistance ; major gene resistance ; temperature ; heterogeneous reaction type ; components of resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting Resistentie van koffie tegen fysio II vanHemileia vastatrix werd getoetst in milieus bij lichtintensiteiten (LI), die varieerden van 17 tot 100% van de totale instraling. Negen behandelingen, bestaande uit de combinaties van drie niveaus van LI vóór inoculatie en drie ná inoculatie, werden toegepast op zaailingen van het vatbareCoffea arabica ras Mundo Novo. Toenemende LI vóór inoculatie veroorzaakte een significante toename in lesiedichtheid, terwijl het tegenovergestelde werd waargenomen bij de behandeling na inoculatie. Maximale verschillen in lesiedichtheid waren drievoudig. De interactie tussen behandelingen vóór en ná inoculatie was ook significant. Bij extreem hoge LI ná inocultie trad necrose van de lesies op. Genotypen van de Icatu populatie en van hetC. canephora ras Kouillou, met verschillende ziektescores in het veld, werden beproefd in verschillende milieus, waarbij een constante LI voor en na inoculatie werd toegepast. De resistentie van de meeste genotypen kwam beter tot uiting bij lage LI dan bij hoge LI, wat ook waargenomen werd voor het controle ras Mundo Novo. Bij het ras Kouillou werden de dichtheid van sporulerende lesies, de latentieperiode en het reactietype significant beïnvloed door LI en genotype. De interactie tussen LI en genotype was ook significant voor dichtheid van sporulerende lesies en voor reactietype, voornamelijk doordat het meest resistente genotype niet, of in de omgekeerde richting, beïnvloed werd door LI. De expressive van het resistentiegen Sh4 bleek ook afhankelijk van het milieu. Waarnemingen aan een uitsplitsende F2-populatie duidden op een dominante genwerking in de kas (lage LI) en een incompleet dominante, of bijna recessieve, genewerking in de kwekerij (hoge LI). Deze incomplete dominantie uitte zich d.m.v. heterogene tot vatbare reactietypes van heterozygote planten (SH4sH4) onder hoge LI. Enkele ecologische en veredelingstechnische aspecten van de waargenomen invloed van LI worden besproken.
    Notes: Abstract Resistance of coffee to race II ofHemileia vastatrix was tested in different environments at light intensities (LI) from 17 to 100% of total outdoor radiation. Nine treatments, in which three levels of LI before inoculation were combined with three levels of LI after inoculation, were applied to seedlings of the susceptible cv. Mundo Novo. Higher LI before inoculation induced a significant increase in lesion density, whereas the opposite was observed for treatments after inoculation. Maximum differences in lesion density were threefold. The interaction between pre-and post-inoculation treatments was also significant. Necrosis of lesions occurred under extremely high LI after inoculation. Genotypes of the Icatu population and ofCoffea canephora cv. Kouillou, which varied in disease level in the field, were tested in different environments, constant LI being applied before and after inoculation. Most genotypes were more resistant at low LI than at high LI, paralleling the results obtained for the control cv. Mundo Novo. With cv. Kouillou, sporulating lesion density, latency period and reaction type were significantly affected by LI and genotype. The interaction between LI and genotypes was significant for sporulating lesion density and reaction type, mainly because the most resistent genotype was not affected, or affected in opposite direction, by LI. Environment affected the expression of the resistance gene SH4. Observations on a segregating F2 population indicated dominant gene action in the greenhouse (low LI) and incomplete dominant to nearly recessive gene action in the nursery (high LI). Incomplete dominance was expressed by heterogeneous to susceptible reaction types of heterozygote plants (SH4sH4), under high LI. Some ecological and breeding aspects of the observed effect of LI on resistance to coffee leaf rust are discussed.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Euphytica 31 (1982), S. 485-492 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Chrysanthemum morifolium ; light ; temperature ; selection ; genotype environment interaction ; adaptation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Chysanthemum cultivars were grown in 4 experiments in the greenhouse and in the phytotron. The growing conditions in the greenhouse varied from 14 C, 60 J cm2 day-1 to 17 C. 431 J cm2 day-1, those in the phytotron from 12 to 455 J cm-2 day-1 at a temperature of either 14 or 20 C. Most cultivars responded differentially to light and/or temperature, but this was only measurable when large differences in light and/or temperature were imposed. Reducing the light level in a greenhouse by 50% does not bring out cultivar×light interactions. Such interactions may be pronounced however when the performance in summer is compared with that in winter. This is also reflected in the correlation coefficients. The correlations between summer and winter performance for number of flowers per stem and the number of days to flowering are non-significant, those for the 7 other traits measured were all significant. The occurrence of interactions does not preclude the possibility of breeding cultivars adapted to a wide range of light and temperature conditions. Appropriate selection procedures are discussed.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 455-463 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Chrysanthemum morifolium ; chrysanthemum ; temperature ; flowering ; selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The number of days to flowering and the number of flowers per plant were studied at 12, 13, 15 and 17 C night temperature in 79 F1 populations from 15 parents. Only a few F1 plants flowered earlier than their parents; the majority flowered at the same time, later or not at all. The number of flowers of the F1 plants was higher than that of the parents. Genetic analyses showed a broad sense heritability of 70% for days to flowering and flower number and a highly significant GCA effect for days to flowering. The progenies and parents that flowered early at one temperature were generally early at all temperatures.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Lycopersicon esculentum ; tomato ; temperature ; leaf area ; epidermal cells ; selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary An investigation was carried out into the genotypic variation in the response to temperature of leaf area in tomatoes. Differences between genotypes in the response of the area of a leaf to contrasting temperature regimes were found, and this was due to variation in the number of epidermal cells. The epidermal cell size showed little response to temperature. The results are discussed in relation to the potential for selection for improved leaf area and the development of a rapid screening test for cold tolerance.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 355-362 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Lycopersicon esculentum ; tomato ; temperature ; leaf area ; leaf initiation ; selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Genotypic variation in the response to temperature of the rate of leaf production is reported. Leaf production was measured as the rate of successive leaves passing a specific length and by dissecting plants to obtain the rate of leaf initiation. These results together with the results of leaf size from the previous paper. are compared to the effect of temperature on the total leaf area. The use of information from these experiments in selecting for increased leaf area at low temperature is discussed.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Malus ; apple ; Pyrus ; pear ; double pollination ; pollination interval ; temperature ; pioneer pollen ; seed set first pollen ; seed set second pollen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Double pollinations of apple and pear may double the seed production, to which the second pollen can contribute 3 times as many seeds as the first (pioneer) pollen, when the interval between pollinations is long enough (48 h) at low (≃ 10°C) or short enough (7 h) at high (≃ 20°C) temperatures. With shorter or longer intervals, the contribution of the second pollen to seed production diminishes. The dominance of the second pollen was attributed to promotion by the first one, the second pollen probably being optimally stimulated when the tubes of the first have passed about 1/3rd of the style. It is concluded that the effectiveness of the pioneer pollen method to overcome incompatibility, depends on whether the interval between pollinations can be usefully adjusted to both the environmentally (temperature) and inherently determined rate of pollen tube growth of the species.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 2 (1984), S. 145-161 
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: Stratosphere ; remote sensing ; trace gases ; temperature ; Far infrared ; remote sensing ; stratosphere ; Spectroscopy ; stratosphere
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The thermal emission spectrum of the Earth's stratosphere in the far infrared exhibits rotational transitions of a large number of trace constituents in addition to the magnetic dipole lines of molecular oxygen. Stratospheric lines that have been identified in the far infrared spectrum include H2O, O3, HNO3, N2O, CO, HCl, HF, HCN and OH. This paper discusses the potential usefulness of far infrared thermal emission measurements for simultaneous retrieval of temperature and constituent distributions. A description of the high-resolution Michelson interferometer currently employed for balloon-borne far infrared stratospheric studies is given, along with a summary of the mode of limbscan observations and an example of an observed spectrum. Numerical results based on synthetic limb radiance data for model atmospheres are presented. Formal inversion techniques with a radiative transfer model based on line-by-line transmittance calculations are employed. Temperature profiles are retrieved from synthetic spectra by an inversion of the O2 magnetic dipole lines. Vertical trace gas mixing ratio profiles are determined from an analysis of the corresponding spectral emission features. Numerical results based on synthetic limb radiance data are presented in order to assess the retrieval accuracies of the temperature profiles and the vertical mixing ratio profiles of O3, HCl, and OH.
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