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Mathematical and conceptual foundations of 20th-century physics (1984)

Amsterdam ; New York : North-Holland Pub. Co

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Schlagwort(e): DDC 530.1 ; LC QC20 ; Mathematical physics ; Physics ; Quantum theory ; Relativity (Physics)

ISBN: 9780444875853

URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/publication?issn=03040208&volume=100

Sprache: Englisch

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The National Science Foundation looks to the future (1981)

J. B. Slaughter

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

In: Science. 211(4487): 1131-6.

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Publikationsdatum: 1981-03-13

Beschreibung: Great advances have been made in fundamental scientific research in recent years. The new knowledge gathered, in addition to deepening our understanding of the physical universe, contributes a range of abilities and opportunities to society that would not otherwise be available. Much research that may be called applied because it addresses needs of society is quite fundamental in character, and support of such research at the National Science Foundation is to be handled in tandem by the research directorates. Other areas that require a refocusing of support are engineering science and education, at all levels, in science and engineering. Increasing our strength in these areas is essential to achieve our national economic, social, and political goals. Steps are being taken by the National Science Foundation to make its structure better able to deal with engineering and applied research and to provide greater mutual reinforcement between applied and basic research.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Slaughter, J B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 13;211(4487):1131-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7466384" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Schlagwort(e): Cell Biology ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Forecasting ; Geological Phenomena ; Geology ; *Government Agencies ; Molecular Biology ; Neurochemistry ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Research Support as Topic ; United States

Print ISSN: 0036-8075

Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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Glass transition in polyacrylonitrile: Analysis of dielectric relaxation data (1980)

Gupta, A. K. ; Chand, Navin

New York : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 18 (1980), S. 1125-1136

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ISSN: 0098-1273

Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik

Notizen: Dielectric relaxation of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) samples, in which the presence of an amorphous phase is evidenced by x-ray diffraction, has been studied over the temperature range 30-150°C and frequency range 102-105 Hz. These data as well as those reported by other authors, reveal several points useful to the understanding of the dielectric relaxations of PAN in relation to its structure. A glass transition in PAN is evidenced by at least two of the four data sets investigated; the third shows combined effect of two relaxations, whereas the fourth clearly shows a relaxation process different from the glass transition. The glass-transition behavior of the dielectric relaxation data is confirmed by Williams-Landel-Ferry theory and a recent theory of Phillips, both of which lead to consistent conclusions.

Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.180180516

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Dependence of the conformational parameters of polyimides on the chemical structure of the chain (1980)

Pavlova, S.-S. A. ; Timofeeva, G. I. ; Ronova, I. A.

New York : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 18 (1980), S. 1175-1186

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ISSN: 0098-1273

Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik

Notizen: The flexibility of some polyimide chains has been studied theoretically as a function of the chemical structure of the repeat unit. It has been shown that the thermodynamic flexibility can be varied over a wide range by the choice of the unit structure. For three polyimides, as an example, the flexibility of cyclochain structures approximates that for free rotation.

Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.180180602

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High-temperature morphological transition in a styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer (1980)

Chung, C. I. ; Griesbach, H. L. ; Young, L.

New York : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 18 (1980), S. 1237-1242

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ISSN: 0098-1273

Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik

Notizen: Electron microscopy reveals a high-temperature morphological transition in a styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer of 7000 polystyrene block molecular weight and 43,000 polybutadiene block molecular weight (7S-43B-7S). Samples quenched in liquid nitrogen from temperatures above 150°C show no structure, whereas those quenched from temperatures below 140°C clearly show a multiphase structure. We previously reported that the 7S-43B-7S polymer exhibits a relatively sharp melt rheological transition in the temperature region between 140 and 150°C from highly viscoelastic and nonlinear viscous behavior to linear viscous behavior with insignificant elasticity. The dynamic viscoelastic properties are measured at different strain amplitudes in this study, and the results show that the melt rheological transition behavior is not influenced by the strain amplitude. This study clearly shows that the melt rheological transition in the 7S-43B-7S results from a morphological transition from a multiphase structure below about 140°C to a single-phase structure above about 150°C.

Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.180180606

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Model of sorption of simple molecules in polymers (1980)

Pace, R. J. ; Datyner, A.

New York : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 18 (1980), S. 1103-1124

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ISSN: 0098-1273

Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik

Notizen: A model of simple molecule sorption in polymers is proposed which embraces both the glassy and rubbery regions, and incorporates the successful dual-mode model below the glass-transition temperature. Hole filling is shown to be an important sorption mechanism both above and below Tg, although saturation effects do not occur in the rubbery polymer. The model interprets the “dual-mode” Langmuir and Henry's law parameters at the molecular level, and a simple statistical mechanical analysis allows estimation of the parameter values, as well as specifying certain interrelationships between the parameters. Applications of the model to gas solubility data in five polymers are considered [polyethylene (PE), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), polystyrene (PS), polymethacrylate (PMA), poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc)] and semiquantitative agreement is obtained for PE, PET, and to a lesser extent, PS. For PMA and PVAc, the agreement is qualitative only.

Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.180180515

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Crystal orientation relaxation studies of polyethyleneSupported in part by grants from the National Science Foundation, the Army Research Office, and the Materials Research Laboratory of the University of Massachusetts. This research represents part of a cooperative program with Professor H. Kawai of Kyoto University supported jointly by the Office of International Programs of the National Science Foundation and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. (1980)

Cembrola, Robert J. ; Stein, Richard S.

New York : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 18 (1980), S. 1065-1085

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ISSN: 0098-1273

Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik

Notizen: Wide-angle x-ray relaxation studies were performed on films of low- and high-density polyethylene (PE). The samples were rapidly stretched by a pneumatic stretcher and held at a fixed length. The rate of crystal reorientation was monitored by measuring diffracted intensity changes using a count-rate meter with output displayed on a storage oscilloscope as well as a digital counter-timer. Experiments were completed at several temperatures and activation energies comparable to those reported for the α1 relaxation in PE were obtained.

Zusätzliches Material: 18 Ill.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.180180513

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Thermochromism in polydiacetylene solutions (1980)

Patel, G. N. ; Witt, J. D. ; Khanna, Y. P.

New York : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 18 (1980), S. 1383-1391

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ISSN: 0098-1273

Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik

Notizen: A novel planar ↔ nonplanar visual thermochromic conformational transition of polydiacetylene molecules in poor solvents is reported. The conformational transition is associated with both a color change (blue or red ↔ yellow) and a change in the state; the yellow solution (liquid) transforms to a blue or red gel (solid). The color transition occurs within a narrow range of temperature and has a large associated hysteresis. The enthalpy of the conformational transition is 29 kJ/mole of repeat unit. Fourier-transform infrared studies show that molecules acquire a planar conformation in red or blue gels by formation of intramolecular H bonds between the adjacent substituent groups. Virtually all H bonds break (a nonplanar conformation) when the gels turn into yellow solutions.

Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.180180616

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Electron spin resonance study of copolymerization of hexafluoroisobutylene with vinylidene fluoride (1980)

Yue, H. ; Nelson, G. ; O'Brien, K. ; [weitere]

New York : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 18 (1980), S. 1393-1401

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ISSN: 0098-1273

Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik

Notizen: The Copolymerization reaction of hexafluoroisobutylene (HFIB) and vinylidene fluoride (VF2) was studied using X-band electron spin resonance (ESR) by applying a photo-in situ method. Owing to the toxicity of HFIB monomer, the flow ESR method could not be directly applied without extensive modification. The observed ESR signal with 21-line hyperfine structure was assigned to the copolymer radical with head-to-head configuration. Although the HFIB monomer radical possesses the same hyperfine pattern, the ambiguity has been removed by using CF3 as an initiator radical. Owing to the high steady-state concentration of the observed copolymer radical with head-to-head configuration as well as the nature of the static photo-in situ ESR method, we believe the actual molecular configuration for HFIB/VF2 copolymer must be head-to-tail. The observed hyperfine constant for AβF = 1.74 mT suggests that the geometry for HFIB/VF2 copolymer radicals with both head-to-head or head-to-tail configurations is possibly similar to that of (CF3)3C· radical. The small value for AβH indicates steric hindrance to rotation about the Cα—Cβ bond, and this is also supported by the experimental results of nonalteration in linewidth during the temperature dependence study from -40 to about 90°C. Attempts to measure directly the monomer reactivities have been unsuccessful owing to the fact that not all the possible radicals were detected, but nevertheless the relative reactivities of VF2 and HFIB could be estimated. The relative reactivities of VF2 and HFIB monomers and the steric hindrance effect indicate that the conformation of the copolymer is head-to-tail; this has been further confirmed by infrared analysis.

Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.180180617

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Rigid backbone polymers. XI. Solution phase-viscosity relationship (1980)

Aharoni, Shaul M.

New York : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 18 (1980), S. 1439-1453

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ISSN: 0098-1273

Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik

Notizen: Using combined results of isothermal viscosity measurements and cross-polarized light microscopy on four polyisocyanate/solvent systems, the following were demonstrated: (a) an anisotropic phase appears, associated with a shoulder in the viscosity curve, at a concentration v2* lower than the peak viscosity at v2p; (b) the inversion from anisotropic inclusions in an isotropic matrix to isotropic inclusions in an anisotropic matrix, occurs at concentrations v20 〉 v2p and (c) the attainment of a single phase, microscopically anisotropic, occurs at v20 〉 v2p; where the viscosity is decreasing but has not yet reached its minimum. When the experiments were repeated with changes in temperature, the following were observed: (a) within each single phase the viscosity drops with increased temperature; (b) in the biphasic range, the total viscosity η0 remains about constant in the concentration range 20 ≤ 2p and increases with temperature in the range v20 〉 v2p; (c) in the interval v 20 〉 v2p of the biphasic range, at constant temperature an increase in concentration decreases η0, and at constant concentration, a decrease in temperature lowers η0. Qualitative explanations of the observations are proposed.

Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.180180622

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