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  • Articles  (221)
  • Molecular Cell Biology  (221)
  • 1980-1984  (221)
  • Medicine  (221)
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  • Articles  (221)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1980)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 13 (1980) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400130101
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of human erythrocyte membrane vesicles produced by shearing (1980)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 13 (1980), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: human erythrocyte membranes ; membrane microvesicles ; sialoglycopeptides ; protein content of membranes ; enzymic content of membranes ; acetylcholinesterase ; Mg++-ATPase ; Na+ ; K+-ATPase ; NADH oxidoreductase ; GAPD of membranes ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Shearing of ghosts in a French pressure cell produces three classes of microvesicles that differ from endocytic vacuoles, exocytic vacuoles, and inside-out vesicles. It was thought that an analysis of these vesicles might provide some clues about the assembly of proteins within the human erythrocyte membrane. The microvesicles were separated into three visible bands, labeled top, middle, and bottom, and assayed for activity of Mg++-ATPase, Na+, K+-ATPase, acetylcholinesterase, glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogense, and NADH oxidoreductase. Their proteins were also characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with both Coomassie blue staining, to assess total protein content and distribution, and PAS-staining, to characterize sialoglycopeptides. In order to minimize problems inherent in ghost preparation, Dodge or hypotonic ghosts and glycol or isotonic ghosts were used in all studies. Middle membrane vesicles most resembled intact ghosts. Top vesicles had reduced levels of NADH oxidoreductase and more PAS-2 at the expense of PAS-1. The bottom vesicle class was very much enriched with PAS-1 at the expense of PAS-2, and PAS-3 was completely absent. In addition bottom vesicles had highest NADH oxidoreductase activity but lowest activity of all the other enzymes measured. These vesicle classes could not have been produced by tangential shearing through the membrane, nor could radial shearing through a membrane in which all proteins were free to move laterally have accounted for the three discrete vesicle classes or for their different patterns of enzymes and proteins. The analysis of the microvesicles produced by shearing is most consistent with radial shearing through membranes where there may be fixed domains superimposed on the basic fluid-mosaic structure.
    Additional Material: 9 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400130102
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chicken tissue binding sites for a purified chicken lectin (1980)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 13 (1980), S. 219-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: lectins ; lectin binding sites ; cell surfaces ; extracellular materials ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: A lactose-binding lectin previously purified from embryonic chicken muscle and adult chicken liver, and here referred to as chicken-lactose-lectin-I (CLL-I), was added to sections of various adult chicken tissues to detect available binding sites. Both the sites of binding of added CLL-I as well as the tissue distribution of endogenous CLL-I were determined by indirect immunofluorescence using a rabbit antibody to CLL-I followed by fluorescent goat anti-rabbit IgG. Some tissues such as intestine and kidney showed abundant extracellular binding sites for the lectin, primarily between cells, in basement membrane, and in material on the luminal surface. In contrast, adult heart showed no significant binding sites for CLL-I. Adult pancreas showed considerable endogenous CLL-I in an extracellular site surrounding exocrine lobules, but added CLL-I did not bind substantially. The distribution of CLL-I binding sites in intestine were mimicked by those of purpurin, another lactose-binding lectin. CLL-I binding sites were also detected on the surface of cultured chick embryo skin fibroblasts. The factors controlling the specific distribution of occupied and unoccupied CLL-I binding sites are not known.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400130210
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro methylation of bacterial chemotaxis proteins: Characterization of protein methyltransferase activity in crude extracts of salmonella typhimurium (1980)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 13 (1980), S. 315-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: Salmonella typhimurium ; methylation ; chemotaxis ; flagellar synthesis ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: A specific in vitro assay was developed for the protein carboxyl methyltransferase that is involved in the chemotactic behaviour of Salmonella typhimurium. This cytosolic enzyme catalyzes an S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyl esterification of glutamyl residues on a class of 60,000-dalton inner-membrane proteins. The activity was found to display a pH optimum of 6.5 and be sensitive to the concentration of salts in the assay medium. No detectable activity was found towards a variety of other proteins which serve as substrates for mammalian and other bacterial carboxyl methyltransferases. This assay was used to quantitate the methylation of the 60,000-dalton methyl-accepting proteins in response to chemoeffectors. Small but reproducible concentration-dependent changes in the initial rates of in vitro methylation were observed with chemotactic attractants and repellents. The specific methyltransferase activity was found to be absent in several mutants in flagellar synthesis (fla-), suggesting that the synthesis of this enzyme is coordinately regulated with that of flagellin and basal bodies. The hydrodynamic properties of the enzyme in crude extracts were determined by gel filtration and sucrose velocity gradient centrifugation, and a native molecular weight of 41,000 was calculated from these data.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400130305
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for a low-molecular-weight plasma peptide which stimulates chick chondrocyte metabolism (1980)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 13 (1980), S. 385-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: insulin-like ; somatomedin ; chick chondrocytes ; peptides ; HPLC ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Plasma contains a number of insulin-like activities (ILA) of molecular weights 7,000 to 90,000 (somatomedins and insulin-like proteins) which stimulate cellular metabolism and may function as growth factors. We have found evidence for the presence of an 800 Dalton peptide in human plasma which markedly stimulates the metabolism of chick chondrocytes.This peptide was extracted from human Cohn fraction IV-1 by procedures similar to those used for somatomedin isolations. At the Sephadex G-50 column separation step, the fraction with molecular weights of 300-1,000 was found to markedly stimulate chick chondrocyte metabolism. Rechromatography on Sephadex G-25 concentrated activity in peptides of molecular weight of about 800. An HPLC separation on a silica C-18 reverse phase column gave elution of the active peptide at 18% acetonitrile in water. This bioactivity appears to be a peptide which is free of lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, metal ions, and immunoreactive insulin. This factor markedly increased the metabolism of cultured chick chondrocytes, but had only marginal activity on rat chondrocytes. When added at 1 μg/ml to chick chondrocytes cultured in F-12 medium plus 1.5% fetal calf serum, the HPLC-purified activity increased DNA synthesis 7.3-fold, lipid synthesis 10.2-fold, and lactate production 2.9-fold after 48 h incubation.However, unlike somatomedins A and C, this factor did not displace insulin from placental membranes. These results suggest that low-molecular-weight peptides, which are smaller than the somatomedins, may contribute to the total ILA of human plasma.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400130309
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visualization of the turkey erythrocyte β-adrenergic receptor (1980)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 13 (1980), S. 411-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: turkey erythrocyte ; β-adrenergic receptor ; GTPase ; adenylate cyclase ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: We have recently described the affinity chromatography purification of the turkey erythrocyte β-adrenergic receptor. The minute amounts obtained initially precluded extensive biochemical characterization. To improve the yield of the receptor, the erythrocyte membranes have been prepared by a new method. This procedure resulted in a 10-fold higher receptor density in comparison with the membrane preparation used previously. The new membranes also contained a catecholamine-sensitive guanine triphosphatase and an adenylate cyclase sensitive to Gpp(NH)p and l-epinephrine. Solubilization by a double digitonin extraction resulted in a preparation containing 4-6 pmoles of 3H-dihydroalprenolol binding sites per mg of membrane protein.A single step of affinity chromatography on alprenolol-sepharose of the soluble digitonin extract resulted in an additional 1,000-fold purification of the receptor. The overall purification factor was 20,000 relative to the binding activity of the crude membrane preparations.Electrophoresis in SDS-polacrylamide of iodinated purified β-receptors revealed, after autoradiography, the presence of four major components. Three of these, corresponding to molecular weights of 170,000, 33,000, and 30,000, respectively, were not affected by reduction with β-mercaptoethanol and were not observed when the digitonin extracts were loaded on the affinity gel in the presence of an excess of l-propranolol. A fourth 52,000-dalton component (60,000 daltons after reduction with β-mercaptoethanol) remained apparent even when affinity purification was prevented by addition of l-propranolol.Our results suggest that the β-adrenergic receptor is composed of at least three subunits that interact by noncovalent bonds.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400130402
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activation of T lymphocytes by the Fc portion of immunoglobulin (1980)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 13 (1980), S. 479-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: T cell factors ; polyclonal antibody formation ; Fc fragments ; interleukin 2 ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: T lymphocytes are stimulated to release T-cell-replacing factors in response to Fc fragments of human IgG. Lyt 1+23- T cells are directly triggered to factor production by Fc subfragments, derived from intact Fc fragments by macrophage-dependent enzymatic cleavage. These factor(s) replace T cell function in two Fc-mediated immune responses; induction of polyclonal antibody synthesis, and potentiation of anti-SRBC responses.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400130407
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Divalent cation dependent ATPase activities of red blood cell membranes: Influence of the oxidation of membrane thiol groups close to each other (1980)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 14 (1980), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: red cell membranes ; ATPase ; Ca2+ ; Mg2+ ; diamide ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: An Mg2+-dependent low ATPase activity can be detected in erythrocyte “white membranes,” in addition to that of the well known (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase. The thiol oxidizing agent diamide affects both activities. The oxidation of neighboring thiols seems to leave the mechanism of the (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase amplification system evoked by Ca2+ largely unaffected. The perturbation caused by diamide in the membranes seems to affect primarily a step of the ATP hydrolysis mechanism that is common to both ATPase activities. The effectiveness of diamide seems to be the same when either Ca2+ and Mg2+, or Mg2+ alone are present during the reagent action. Reduction of disulfide bonds by DTE after diamide treatment restores the (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase activity but is unable to take the Mg2+-ATPase activity back to the original level.The hypothesis is discussed that the redox state of one (or more than one) couple of —SH close to each other and possibly connected to the active site, may be an important factor in optimizing the efficiency of Ca action on the (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400140102
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The selective effects of charged local anaesthetics on the glucagon- and fluoride-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity of rat-liver plasma membranes (1980)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 14 (1980), S. 21-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: glucagon ; adenylate cyclase ; anaesthetics ; membrane bilayer fluidity ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The cationic local anaesthetics carbocaine and unpercaine were found to increase the fluoride-stimulated adenylate cyclase up to a maximum level; above this maximum level further increases in drug concentration inhibited the enzyme. At concentrations where this activity was stimulated, a fatty acid spin label detected an increase in bilayer fluidity, which, it is suggested, is responsible for the activation of the enzyme. A solubilized enzyme was unaffected by the drugs, a finding consistent with this proposal.These cationic drugs began to inhibit the glucagon-stimulated activity at concentrations where they activated the fluoride-stimulated activity. It is suggested that this is due to their effect on the coupling interaction between the receptor and catalytic unit.The anionic drugs, phenobarbital, pentobarbital, and salicylic acid, all inhibited the fluoride-stimulated enzyme. This may be due in part to a direct effect on the protein and in part to the interaction of the drugs with the bilayer. The drugs had small inhibitory effects on the lubrol-solubilized enzyme.The glucagon-stimulated enzyme was initially inhibited by the anionic drugs at low concentrations, then activated, and finally inhibited with increasing drug concentration. The reasons for such changes are complex, but there was no evidence from electron spin resonance studies to suggest that the elevations in activity were due to increases in bilayer fluidity.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400140104
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Total and exchangeable calcium in lymphocytes: Effects of PHA and A23187 (1980)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 14 (1980), S. 65-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: lymphocyte ; calcium ; phytohemagglutinin ; A23187 ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Calcium has been suggested as an internal second messenger when lymphocytes are stimulated by mitogens to enter the cell cycle. We have assessed the effect of 2 lymphocyte stimulants, the plant lectin phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and the calcium ionophore A23187, on human lymphocyte nucleic acid synthesis, total cell calcium content, and 4 5Ca labeling. We have used an ultrasensitive method for the measurement of total cell calcium in the same samples used for radiolabeling. Mitogenic concentrations of A23187 (∼ .25 μ mole/liter) caused an increase in both total cell calcium and 4 5Ca labeling. These increases were almost completely blocked by inhibitors of mitochondrial respiration, suggesting that the calcium increment after ionophore treatment was located in the mitochondria. In contrast, total cell calcium was not altered at optimal mitogenic PHA concentrations (0.1 μg/ml and above). However, at the minimum PHA concentrations that caused stimulation (0.025 to 0.1 μg/ml), the dose response of 4 5Ca uptake was very similar to that of DNA sysnthesis. Importantly, we could not stimulate DNA synthesis with PHA without increasing lymphocyte 4 5Ca labeling. Thus, an increase in total cell calcium is not essential for mitogenesis; however, an increase in 4 5Ca exchange is closely associated with the mitogenic effects of A23187 and PHA.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400140107
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