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  • Articles  (53)
  • Ecology
  • crystal structure
  • 1980-1984  (53)
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  • Articles  (53)
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  • 1
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    Autocidal control of screwworms in North America (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-01-22
    Description: The larva of the blowfly Cochliomyia hominivorax, also known as the screwworm, eats the living flesh of cattle and sheep and other warm-blooded animals. A program to eradicate the screwworm in the United States was initiated in the 1950's. The program was very effective until 1968, but severe screwworm outbreaks occurred in 1972 to 1976 and in 1978. Although the program has again been effective since 1979, the possibility of outbreaks recurring in the future has highlighted the need for a broader understanding of the pest. Studies of screwworm populations in the United Stated and Mexico indicate that much of the genetic diversity of this insect is distributed among sympatric non-interbreeding populations. A new approach may be required to retain the effectiveness of the control program and to prevent a serious outbreak from threatening the economic viability of the U.S. livestock industry.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Richardson, R H -- Ellison, J R -- Averhoff, W W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jan 22;215(4531):361-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7199204" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases/*prevention & control ; Diptera/classification/*physiology ; Ecology ; Infertility, Male ; Insect Control/methods ; Karyotyping ; Male ; Myiasis/*prevention & control ; North America ; Pest Control, Biological/*methods ; Reproduction ; Screw Worm Infection/*prevention & control
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Agricultural research and Third World food production (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-07-16
    Description: By the close of this century the world may have to feed as many as 2 billion additional people. Most of them will be born in developing countries, especially in marginal lands ill-suited for food production. This article focuses on efforts by the International Agricultural Research Centers to increase food production in the Third World and addresses the social and ecological issues raised by the introduction of high-yielding varieties into fertile Third World lands and describe how varieties are being tailored for introduction into marginal areas.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Plucknett, D L -- Smith, N J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 16;217(4556):215-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7089555" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; *Developing Countries ; Ecology ; *Food Supply ; Humans ; *Research
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila melanogaster (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-02-08
    Description: Several dysgenic traits may occur within the Drosophila melanogaster species as a result of crosses between different strains. Crossing two mutually interacting categories, named inducer and reactive, may lead, among other abnormalities, to a specific kind of female sterility that has proved useful for investigating the genetic factors involved in the interaction. The reactive state appears to result from a cytoplasmic state ultimately controlled by a chromosomal polygenic system. The inducer character is determined by a chromosomal factor that exhibits all characteristics of a transposable element. Overall, the data contribute to clarification of mutator activities in D. melanogaster and open new opportunities to investigate unusual genetic mechanisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bregliano, J C -- Picard, G -- Bucheton, A -- Pelisson, A -- Lavige, J M -- L'Heritier, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 8;207(4431):606-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6766221" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; Animals, Laboratory/genetics ; Animals, Wild/genetics ; Cytoplasm/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics ; Ecology ; Female ; Genes, Regulator ; Hot Temperature ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Infertility, Female/genetics ; Mutation ; Oocytes/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Biodegradation of chemicals of environmental concern (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-01-09
    Description: Microorganisms in soils and waters convert many synthetic organic chemicals to inorganic products. Other compounds are transformed only by cometabolism. These microbial processes may lead to environmental detoxication, the formation of new toxicants, or the biosynthesis of persistent products. Type reactions are proposed for major categories of enzymatic transformation of synthetic chemicals in soils, natural waters, and sewage. Some organic molecules are resistant to microbial attack, and explanations for the persistence of such compounds are suggested.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alexander, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 9;211(4478):132-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7444456" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodegradation, Environmental ; Ecology ; *Environmental Pollutants ; Soil Microbiology ; Water Microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Regulation of technological activities: a new approach (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-08-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ramo, Simon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Aug 21;213(4510):837-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11643656" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Technology ; *Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Ecology ; *Federal Government ; *Government ; *Government Regulation ; Hazardous Substances ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Nuclear Energy ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; *Public Policy ; Risk ; Risk Assessment ; Social Change ; *Social Control, Formal ; *Technology ; *Technology Assessment, Biomedical
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Internal fertilization in an oviparous frog (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-04-24
    Description: Eleutherodactylus coqui, an oviparous frog, undergoes internal fertilization. If this mode of fertilization occurs in other species of anurans, interpretations of anuran reproductive strategies based on the assumption of external fertilization must be reviewed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Townsend, D S -- Stewart, M M -- Pough, F H -- Brussard, P F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 24;212(4493):469-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6894203" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Ecology ; Female ; *Fertilization ; Oviposition ; Ranidae/*physiology ; Reproduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Ground water contamination in the United States (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-08-19
    Description: Ground water contamination is of increasing concern in the United States because about 50 percent of our drinking water comes from well water. The causes of contamination stem from both point sources and nonpoint sources. Since ground water moves slowly, the contaminant may affect only a small portion of an aquifer for a considerable period of time. Deleterious effects on human health have resulted from pathogenic organisms in ground water and from its toxic chemical composition. It is difficult to estimate the extent of contamination on a national basis as the frequency of instances of contamination is very variable. Remedial actions to clean up aquifers are difficult, expensive, and sometimes not feasible. Many of the laws and regulations that control ground water contamination are designed with other main objectives.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pye, V I -- Patrick, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 19;221(4612):713-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6879171" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ecology ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency ; Water Pollution/*analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Chemical defense mechanisms on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-01-30
    Description: Seventy-three percent of all exposed common coral reef invertebrates, from four phyla (42 species) tested, are toxic to fish. This represents the first evidence of the high incidence to toxicity in the marine tropics among several phyletic groups comprising dominant species. Most of the remaining exposed species have structural defense mechanisms against predation by fish. Of cryptic invertebrates, 25 percent are toxic to fish. The relation between toxicity, fish feeding behavior, community structure, and evolutionary theory is discussed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bakus, G J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 30;211(4481):497-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7455691" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Australia ; Biological Evolution ; Ecology ; Invertebrates/*physiology ; Venoms/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Microbial competition (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-08-28
    Description: Populations of microorganisms inhabiting a common environment complete for nutrients and other resources of the environment. In some cases, the populations even excrete into the environment chemicals that are toxic or inhibitory to their competitors. Competition between two populations tends to eliminate one of the populations from their common habitat, especially when competition is focused on a single resource and when the populations do not otherwise interact. However, a number of factors mitigate the severity of competition and thus competitors often coexist.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fredrickson, A G -- Stephanopoulos, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Aug 28;213(4511):972-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7268409" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Ecology ; Energy Metabolism ; Environment ; Eukaryota/*physiology ; Growth ; Population Dynamics ; Yeasts/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    EPA revs up to regulate biotechnology (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-11-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, Marjorie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Nov 18;222(4625):823-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11644077" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *DNA, Recombinant ; Ecology ; Federal Government ; Government ; *Government Regulation ; Industry ; Legislation as Topic ; *Social Control, Formal ; *United States Environmental Protection Agency ; genetic engineering. Unlike the Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee of the ; National Institutes of Health, which oversees federally funded researchers, the ; EPA has the power to regulate industry and to concern itself with the health ; risks and environmental impact of commercial ventures. Claiming authority to ; regulate geneticaly engineered pesticides and organisms under the Federal ; Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, and under the Toxic Substances ; Control Act, EPA officials expect industry to contest in court the agency's ; controversial extension of its regulatory powers.
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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