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  • Articles  (6)
  • Decision making  (5)
  • Global Warming
  • acidification
  • climate change
  • environment
  • 1980-1984  (6)
  • Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering  (6)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental management: A system approach (1981)
    Springer
    Environmental management 5 (1981), S. 213-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Systems management ; Environmental management ; Decision making
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a system framework whose purpose is to improve understanding of environmental management. By analyzing the links between elements of the environmental management system, it is possible to construct a model that aids thinking systematically about the decision-making subsystem, and other subsystems, of the entire environmental management system. Through a multidisciplinary environmental approach, each of the individual subsystems is able to adapt to threats and opportunities. The fields of government, market economics, social responsibility and ecology, for example, are so complex that it is extremely difficult to develop a framework that gives full consideration to all aspects. This paper, through the application of a highly idealized system framework, attempts to show the general relationships that exist between complex system elements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01873280
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Public reaction to the risks of energy technology (1981)
    Springer
    Environmental management 5 (1981), S. 329-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Cost-benefit analysis ; Decision making ; Risk assessment ; Risk perception
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Implicit in every government decision on energy technology is a trade-off of a certain amount of risk in return for societal benefits. As a result of growing public concern over such risks, environmental analysts are increasingly being requested not only to describe potential adverse consequences but also to quantify their probability. However, this task is frustrated not only by inadequate experience with, and incomplete knowledge of, the causality of environmental impacts, but also by a disparity between individual and societal views of risk. While the societal view is based on objective risk functions andnet societal benefit, individuals tend to rely on subjective judgment, and consider the distribution as well as the amount of benefit. Thus, environmental “risk assessments,” produced by analysts on behalf of society as a whole, are likely to be quite speculative, and are unlikely to be reliable indicators of the acceptability of risk to the public.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867346
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decision making: With applications for environmental management (1982)
    Springer
    Environmental management 6 (1982), S. 493-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Behavioral interactions ; Concordance analysis ; Delphi method ; Goals Achievement Matrix ; NGT method ; Simple multi-attribute rating technique ; Decision making ; Decision analysis ; Policy making
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The two major processes of decision making, behavioral interactions and decision analysis, are discussed. Comparisons are made between the Delphi and NGT methods of behavioral interaction. Three different types of decision analysis are compared, including the Goals Achievement Matrix, Concordance Analysis, and the Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique. Decision making problems characteristic of environmental studies are reviewed. A method of decision making that combines the best qualities of other methods is suggested. The overall purpose of this paper is to make the technical knowledge of decision making useful to environmentalists, businessmen, citizens, and politicians, and to improve the process of policy making in environmental studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01868378
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors influencing voting by the united states congress on the national energy act (1980)
    Springer
    Environmental management 4 (1980), S. 375-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Vote evaluation ; Energy ; U.S. National Energy Act ; Decision making
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A myriad of factors, both economic and political, influenced the voting by members of the United States Congress on the 1978 National Energy Act. Determinant factors considered in our analysis included the percentage of residents in the Congressman's district residing in the central city or on farms; the percentage of residents who belong to labor unions; the average level of education of the residents; oil, coal, and natural gas production in the state relative to total domestic production. The results, determined by means of logit analysis, indicate that the impact on low-income energy consumers, the effect on overall employment, the impact on farmers, and the benefits to energy interests, as well as ideology and the subjective perception that the need exists to do something about the energy situation in the United States, were all important explanatory factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01869649
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human behavior incorporation into ecological computer simulations (1982)
    Springer
    Environmental management 6 (1982), S. 251-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Bioeconomic ; Decision making ; Ecosystem modeling ; Ethnography ; Simulation ; Socio-cultural
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The responses of ecological computer simulations are significantly changed by the inclusion of human behavior patterns. Two computer simulations illustrate this principle for internal and external decision making. The Northwest Educational Trawler Simulation (NETS) models the interaction between fish populations, fishing effort, markets, and a fishing community. This simulation includes an internal decision making submodel for changing fishing effort based on observed behaviors of fishermen. NOGERO, a simulation of a mythical coastal fishing culture, uses external decision making where simulation users act as stewards. The patterns of model response vary depending on the attitudes and goals of decision makers. This shows how human behavior interacts with ecosystem dynamics to produce a variety of results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01866888
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trends in the perception of ecological problems in the United Nations general debates (1981)
    Springer
    Human ecology 9 (1981), S. 23-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Keywords: ecology ; environment ; perceptions ; United Nations ; international
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Ethnic Sciences
    Notes: Abstract To what extent have recent warnings of deepening ecological problems become topics of discussion among international political elites? To address this question a content analysis was undertaken of the speeches comprising the general debates of the 1968, 1972, and 1976 sessions of the UN General Assembly to identify all instances in which ecological issues were mentioned. Despite other indications of an increase in environmental consciousness in the international community, it was found that ecological problems have not been discussed very extensively in the general debates and are far less salient than several other agenda items for which data were also collected. Moreover, the environment peaked as an issue in the 1972 session and declined in prominence in 1976. It was also found that the more developed a country is, the greater the tendency for its delegates to mention environmental problems in their speeches. The lack of prominence of ecological issues is interpreted on the basis of two alternative assumptions: first, that the degree of international awareness of environmental problems is not adequately represented in the general debates and, second, that the findings accurately reflect what is generally a low level of environmental concern in international circles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00887854
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