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  • Articles  (9,105)
  • Chemistry  (8,168)
  • Engineering  (937)
  • 1980-1984  (9,105)
  • Physics  (8,169)
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  • Articles  (9,105)
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amorceurs radicalaires fonctionnels, 2Partie 1: cf.1.. Macroinitiateurs à partir de l'α-hydrogeno-ω-hydroxypoly(oxyéthylène) et des acides tert-butyldioxycarbonylbenzoïquesCe mémoire correspond à une partie de la thèse de Docteur-Ingénieur soutenue le 23 Novembre 1978 à l'Université de Bordeaux I par Alain Ladousse. (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 181 (1980), S. 903-911 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Modified polystyrenes were obtained by free radical polymerization of styrene using the macroinitiators α-tert-butyldioxyterephthaloyl(or phthaloyl)-ωtert-butyldioxyterephthaloyl(or phthaloyl)poly(oxyethylene) (3 and 4), which were synthetized. To examine the stability of such compounds, thermolysis kinetics of model compounds, OO-tert-butyl O-methyl monoperoxyphthalate (6) and terephthalate (7) were studied by differential scanning enthalpimetry. Suspension polymerization of styrene applying the industrial method, showed that the macroinitiator is able to initiate the process. A polystyrene containing up to 4% by weight oxyethylene units was obtained.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1980.021810411
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymer conformation and NMR chemical shifts, 2Part 1: cf.: 1.. Methoxyl protons NMR spectra of alternating copolymers of methyl (meth)acrylate with (α-methyl)styrene (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 181 (1980), S. 931-940 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: 1H NMR spectra of alternating copolymers of methyl acrylate with styrene, methyl acrylate with α-methylstyrene, and methyl methacrylate with α-methylstyrene show triplet splittings at the methoxyl protons regions, which apparently reflect the cotacticity of triad sequences having a (meth)acrylate unit in the center. The two intervals between two neighboring peaks of the triplet are nearly equivalent for each alternating copolymer, whereas the absolute value of the splitting width is significantly different from one alternating copolymer to another. A theoretical interpretation is given for this observation by calculating the chemical shifts of the methoxyl protons in combination with a conformational analysis of the copolymers. The chemical shift of the protons in meso or racemic type dyad sequence is assigned by averaging the shieldings over all the preferred conformations for the dyad and is accumulated to give the shifts in triad sequences: iso = meso + meso, hetero = meso + racemic, syndio = racemic + racemic. The cotacticity-dependent splittings thus calculated are quantitatively in accordance with the observed spectra and discussed in terms of conformational variation of the copolymers depending on the presence of α-methyl group(s) in neither, either, or both of the monomeric unit(s).
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1980.021810414
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chlorination of polyethylene single crystals (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 181 (1980), S. 1051-1058 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Chlorination under mild conditions of suspensions of polyethylene single crystals demonstrated that a selective attack on the fold surface takes place. Two polyethylene molecular weight fractions (Mn = 47000 and Mn = 150 000) were used and single crystals were grown isothermally from p-xylene at 88°C. The chlorine content was changed from 4 wt.-% to 30 wt.-% and to this level no evidence for crystal attack and loss of crystallinity was found. The melting temperatures of chlorinated single crystals decrease with increasing chlorination up to about 15 wt.-% chlorine content and then stay constant for higher chlorine contents. Moreover, the heat of melting of the chlorinated single crystals is constant and is independent of the chlorine content up to 25 wt.-%. These results are compared with those of samples of chlorinated polyethylene recrystallized from solution and from the melt.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1980.021810509
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-Stage nature of crystallization in stretched cis-1,4-polybutadiene networks (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 181 (1980), S. 1143-1157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The crystallization of cross-linked cis-1,4-polybutadiene, stretched at room temperature, is investigated by wide and small angle X-ray diffraction techniques, at temperatures ranging from -40°C to the melting point, Tm, and for extension ratios, λ, from 1 to 7,7. The experimental conditions adopted should approximate thermodynamic equilibrium. All the experimental findings, namely, crystallinity, preferred orientation of the crystalline and amorphous fractions, unit-cell dimensions and others, are consistent with the formation of two types of crystals: one depending mainly on stretching, the other on temperature. The former is characterized by extended chain crystals with Tm higher than the isotropic melting point (Tm0 = -3°C); the latter by a lamellar (bulk-like) morphology which is stable only below Tm0. A slight increase of Tm occurs for λ 〈 3, when the axes of the crystallized chains are tilted with respect to the strain direction; only when untilted crystals are formed (λ 〉 3) a remarkable increase of Tm is observed as a function of λ. As a qualitative interpretation, the two-fold crystallization mechanism is based on non-uniform extensibility of the segments included between adjacent junctions of the network.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1980.021810519
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Not all polyanions induce a J-band in the dye pseudoisocyanine (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 181 (1980), S. 1459-1467 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: N,N′-diethylpseudoisocyanine chloride (PIC) forms compounds with various vinyl poly+ and DNA, but the shapes of the spectra of the dye-polyanion compounds depend on the nature of the polyanions. PIC forms compounds with 1:1 polyanion/dye stoichiometries with DNA (native and denatured), polymethacrylate and poly(styrenesulfonate); and the spectra of these compounds do not show any pronounced metachromasia or red-shifted J-band. Polyacrylate and poly(vinyl sulfate) form compounds with polyanion/dye stoichiometry of 2:1, and give spectra with extremely sharp and red-shifted J-band. This is the first report on the relation between the polyanion/PIC stoichiometry and the depiction of the J-band of the resulting compound.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1980.021810709
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymere charge-transfer-Komplexe auf der basis von polyvinylalkoholacetalen, 3Teil 2: cf.1. (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 181 (1980), S. 1495-1504 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A new fluorene containing polymer, poly[2-(2-fluorenyl)-1,3-dioxan-4,6-diylmethylene] (3 or 4), and the corresponding model compound, 2-fluorenecarbaldehydetrimethyleneacetal (6) were synthesized. The fluorescence spectroscopy of the polymer in dilute solution indicates the formation of an intramolecular excimer. Charge-transfer complex formation with tetracyanoethylene (TCNE), 2,5-cyclohexadien-1,4-diylidenedimalonodinitrile (TCNQ), and 2,4,5,7-tetranitro-9-fluorenone (TENF) was studied by means of absorption spectroscopy.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1980.021810712
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isotactic poly(allyl vinyl ether), 1Part 2: Cf.10.. A study of the polymerization and a proposal of a mechanism of stereocontrol (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 181 (1980), S. 2259-2266 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Allyl vinyl ether can be polymerized to highly isotactic polymer with SbCl5 in toluene at ca. -10°C. The stereospecificity is not significantly lower than that of polymer made at ca. -75°C; The reproducibility of the process is greatly improved at the higher temperature. BF3.O(C2H5)2 proved to be an ineffective initiator, in contrast with literature data. NMR analysis, previously published for diads only from NMR data, was performed (1H and 13C) for triads as well, and partly for hexads. No evidence for stereocontrol other than the relationship between active chain end HC⊕OAllyl and incoming monomer can be inferred1cf. Part 2 of this series10.. A simple mechanism, featuring association between incoming monomer and counterion, invoking only steric hindrance is proposed as an explanation of these findings.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1980.021811105
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An electron spin resonance study of radical transfer reactions in γ-irradiated vinylthiol/styrene-copolymers (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 181 (1980), S. 2293-2303 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Formation and behaviour of radiation induced free radicals in statistical copolymers from vinyl hydrosulfide and styrene (1:1, 1:4, and 1:10) were investigated by means of ESR spectroscopy. The corresponding homopolymers were also included in these studies. After γ-irradiation of the copolymers at 77 K and subsequent annealing to 293 K it was possible to detect thio radicals. Their relative yields were found to increase with increasing styrene content. Investigations regarding the thermal behaviour of the radiation induced radicals in the copolymers allowed the assumption of two mechanisms responsible for the formation of the thio radicals: First, the formation takes place via ion radicals located at the mercapto groups at 77K. In the copolymers the stability of the thio radicals is favoured by steric hindrance through the benzene rings thus reducing the formation of disulfide bridges as termination reaction. Secondly, the formation of the thio radicals is caused by a hydrogen transfer from the mercapto groups to the benzyl radicals and/or cyclohexadienyl radicals of styrene units.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1980.021811109
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Template polycondensation of active esters containing nucleic acid bases with diamines (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 181 (1980), S. 2325-2333 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Template polycondensations of di-p-nitrophenyl methylsuccinate derivatives of thymine (1) and theophylline (2) with piperazine and 4-aminomethylbenzylamine (4-ABA) were carried out in pyridine/methylene chloride and in DMF solutions. Polystyrenes containing adenine as a side group in various contents were used as template in this polycondensation. The polycondensation reactions of active ester 1 with diamines were effectively accelerated by the presence of the template in both solvents. On the other hand, the polycondensation reactions of active ester 2 with diamines were scarcely affected by the template under the same conditions. The maximum acceleration effect was observed in the presence of templates in which the adenine content is about 54% for the polycondensation of 1 with piperazine and about 25% for that with 4-ABA, respectively.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1980.021811112
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of bicyclic acetals, 8Part 7: cf.7.. Cationic polymerization of 6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-ene (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 181 (1980), S. 2315-2323 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Poly(5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2,6-diyloxymethylene) (6), a new polyacetal having a dihydropyran ring in its repeating unit was prepared by selective ring-opening polymerization of 6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-ene (5) at temperatures between -60 and -90°C in dilute methylene chloride or toluene solutions using boron trifluoride etherate as initiator. The resulting polymers, having a number average molecular weight up to 1,5 · 104, melted at 110 - 130°C and decomposed at ≈ 170°C in air. The isotactic dyad content of the polymers, estimated by 13C NMR spectroscopy, was found to be in the range of 70 to 77 mole-%, somewhat lower than that of its saturated analogue, poly(tetrahydropyran-2,6-diyloxymethylene), (2). The preferred formation of the isotactic sequence along the polymer chain is rationalized in terms of the enantiomer selection by the growing chain end control mechanism as previously proposed for the polymerization of 6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, (1).
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1980.021811111
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