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  • Articles  (17,068)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (15,115)
  • Physics  (2,658)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (1,710)
  • BIOSCIENCES
  • Bone
  • Electron microscopy
  • 1980-1984  (17,068)
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  • 1
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    The National Science Foundation looks to the future (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-03-13
    Description: Great advances have been made in fundamental scientific research in recent years. The new knowledge gathered, in addition to deepening our understanding of the physical universe, contributes a range of abilities and opportunities to society that would not otherwise be available. Much research that may be called applied because it addresses needs of society is quite fundamental in character, and support of such research at the National Science Foundation is to be handled in tandem by the research directorates. Other areas that require a refocusing of support are engineering science and education, at all levels, in science and engineering. Increasing our strength in these areas is essential to achieve our national economic, social, and political goals. Steps are being taken by the National Science Foundation to make its structure better able to deal with engineering and applied research and to provide greater mutual reinforcement between applied and basic research.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Slaughter, J B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 13;211(4487):1131-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7466384" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Biology ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Forecasting ; Geological Phenomena ; Geology ; *Government Agencies ; Molecular Biology ; Neurochemistry ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of the short-time staining for the electron microscopic investigation of the crystallization of polyethylene (1983)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 261 (1983), S. 373-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; short-time staining ; nodular structure ; crystallization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01413947
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heat of fusion and lamellar structure of polyethylene single crystal mats (1982)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 260 (1982), S. 564-569 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: lin. Polyethylene ; Single crystals ; Heat of Fusion ; DSC ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Recently published results for solution crystallized PE single crystals have shown, that the experimental heat of fusionΔH * is higher, if the solvent is exchanged to silicon oil (oil suspension samples) as compared with dried mats. This has been interpreted by the collapse of the original hollow pyramids during drying, inducing lateral defects within the lamellae. The present investigation does not confirm this unexpected result.ΔH * of dried mats (T c 66 to 91 °C) and of the corresponding oil suspension samples agree within the rather small limits of experimental error. The crystallinities as derived fromΔH *, density or WAXS are in excellent agreement. SEM micrographs of cold fractured dried mats show their spongy macromorphology, but TEM micrographs of stained ultra-thin sections reveal the lamellar morphology of the walls, consisting of curved lamellae and stacked hollow pyramides. If a dried mat is sintered at room temperature, a dense transparent film is obtained with a rather regular stacked morphology of large flat lamellae.ΔH * of these films agrees with that of the original mat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01422587
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone photovoltaic cell in hall geometry (1981)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 33 (1981), S. 239-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Magnetic field ; IR light ; Light absorption constant ; Efficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Enhancement of photovoltage has been found in bone and its two major constituents when placed in a magnetic field in standard Hall geometry. Infrared light has been used for carrier excitation. From data obtained in this manner, values for the light absorption constant, extinction constant, mass absorption constant, and efficiency have been estimated. All these parameters increase with the increase of magnetic field. A possible explanation for the observed phenomena is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02409443
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the role of 24-hydroxylation of vitamin D in the mineralization of cartilage and bone of vitamin D-deficient rats (1981)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 33 (1981), S. 489-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Vitamin D ; Vitamin D deficiency ; Cartilage ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary To test the importance of 24-hydroxylation of vitamin D3 on bone mineralization, rat pups born to vitamin D-deficient females were given either 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 or 24,24-difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 for 16 days beginning at the time of weaning. Following such treatment analysis of blood samples revealed no detectable 24R,25-(OH)2D3 and 1,25-(OH)2D3 in the rats given the difluoro compound while revealing the expected 24,24-difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 24,24-difluoro-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. The rats given 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 had the expected levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Following sacrifice at day 17, postweaning bone mineralization and modeling were studied in long bones using histological methods. Bones taken from vitamin D-deficient rats at the beginning and end of the experimental period had lesions typical of rickets. These included wide growth plates, excessive amounts of osteoid, and metaphyseal fibrosis. Following treatment with either 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 or 24,24-difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3, bone mineralization returned to normal. Growth plate widths and the amount of osteoid on bone surfaces were both substantially reduced and to a similar degree in both treatment groups. Normal cartilage core formation and trabecularization of the metaphyseal primary spongiosa were also restored to a similar degree in both groups. In effect, no difference was observed in any bone parameter studied between the 25-hydroxyvitamin D3- and the 24,24-difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3-treated animals. These results provide strong evidence that 24-hydroxylation of the vitamin D molecule plays little or no role in the modeling and mineralization of bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02409479
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of 1,25-, 25-, and 24,25-hydroxylated vitamin D3 binding in fetal rat calvariae and osteogenic sarcoma cells (1981)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 33 (1981), S. 655-661 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ; 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 ; 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ; Receptors ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The hormonal metabolite of vitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], exerts its biological effects by binding to a cytosolic receptor protein. Such a protein has been demonstrated in vitamin D3 target organs including fetal rat calvariae and more recently in rat osteogenic sarcoma cells. In this study we have compared the binding of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24,25(OH)2D3] to that of 1,25-(OH)2D3 in fetal rat calvariae and osteogenic sarcoma (OS) cells. Sucrose density sedimentation, DNA-cellulose chromatography, and intracellular uptake studies have been employed to evaluate these interactions. In cytosol preparations from calvariae, [3H]-1,25(OH)2D3 bound to a 3.3S macromolecule and to a much greater extent to a 5.8S macromolecule while both [3H]25(OH)D3 and [3H]24,25(OH)2D3 bound to the 5.8S macromolecule. By incubating intact calvariae and OS cells with labeled metabolites and thus establishing binding intracellularly prior to cell disruption, we have found that the 3.3S protein which has high specificity for 1,25(OH)2D3 occurs inside the cells; the 5.8S protein, however, does not occur inside the cells but is generated after cell disruption. The [3H]-1,25(OH)2D3-receptor complex adsorbed to DNA-cellulose and was eluted from this affinity resin at 0.28M KCl. In contrast, [3H]25(OH)D3 and [3H]-24,25(OH)2D3 binding activity did not adsorb to DNA-cellulose. We conclude that, in contrast to the 3.3S protein, the 5.8S macromolecule does not fulfill receptor criteria but is rather generated by the experimental manipulation of the bone cells. Our data suggest that the vitamin D3 actions on bone are mediated only via the 3.3S receptor, and hence quantitative but not qualitative differences of the effects of the various metabolites are feasible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02409504
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autoradiographic localization of target cells for 1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in bones from fetal rats (1983)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 35 (1983), S. 177-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Vitamin D ; Bone ; Osteoblasts ; Receptors ; 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Thaw-mount autoradiographic studies after injection of3H-1,25-D3 were conducted on 18-and 20-day-old rat fetuses. In maxillary bones, ribs, and tibia, nuclear concentration of radioactivity was found in osteoprogenitor cells and osteoblasts. Osteocytes and chondrocytes in epiphyseal plates were either unlabeled or weakly labeled. In competition experiments, nuclear concentration of radioactivity was blocked by the injection of a high dose of nonradioactive 1,25-D3 prior to the administration of the labeled hormone, but not by a similar dose of nonradioactive 25-D3. The results are interpreted as indicating that osteoprogenitor cells and osteoblasts are target cells for the direct action of 1,25-D3 on fetal bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02405028
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the role of vitamin D in early skeletal development, mineralization, and growth in rats (1983)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 35 (1983), S. 455-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Vitamin D ; Vitamin D deficiency ; Bone ; Cartilage ; Bone development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The role of vitamin D in early skeletal development was studied by measuring serum calcium and phosphorus, osseous tissue quantity and mineralization, and endochondral bone elongation in rat fetuses and pups from vitamin D-replete and vitamin D-deficient mothers. At the 20th day of pregnancy there was a slight, yet significant, increase in the amount of osteoid on trabecular bone surfaces in fetuses from vitamin D-deficient mothers. The fetal bones otherwise appeared normal in spite of severe skeletal changes in the vitamin D-deficient mothers. After parturition, the importance of vitamin D in skeletal development becomes progressively more obvious. Serum calcium levels were slightly, yet significantly, lower in vitamin D-deficient than in vitamin D-replete pups and these levels continued to fall in the vitamin D-deficient pups through lactation and after weaning. At 3 days postpartum, there was a small, yet significant, increase in the amount of osteoid on bone surfaces of the vitamin D-deficient pups. The relative amounts of osteoid in the vitamin D-deficient pups continued to increase through lactation and after weaning when compared with vitamin D-replete pups. By the 14th day of lactation and at later periods, there were significant reductions in metaphyseal mineralized tissues in the vitamin D-deficient pups when compared with the vitamin D-replete pups. At weaning and after weaning, there were substantial increases in growth plate thickness and decreases in longitudinal bone growth in the vitamin D-deficient pups when compared with the vitamin D-replete pups. The results from this study indicate that vitamin D does not appear to play a major role in fetal skeletal development. However, after birth, vitamin D becomes progressively more important with age for normal bone development, mineralization, and endochondral growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02405076
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of a bone matrix-derived chemotactic factor (1983)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 35 (1983), S. 481-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Chemotaxis ; Bone ; Osteoblasts ; Bone proteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary When demineralized bone matrix powder is implanted subcutaneously in the rat, the early responses involve the appearance and proliferation of mesenchymal cells at the site of implantation, followed by cartilage and bone formation. The ability of cells to migrate to the implant suggests that chemotaxis may be a critical event in this process. Therefore, using the modified Boyden chamber assay, we tested extracts of demineralized bone matrix for chemotactic activity. We have identified and partially purified, on molecular sieve chromatography, a heat labile and trypsin-sensitive protein (Mr=60,000–70,000) that is a potent chemoattractant for mouse calvaria, osteoblast-like cells (MMB-1), but not for monocytes (putative osteoclast precursors). These findings suggest that chemotactic protein(s) have a significant role in the recruitment of osteoprogenitor cells to a site of bone repair.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02405081
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyclical uptake pattern of tetracycline in post-secretory maturation phase enamel demonstrated in rooted teeth (1983)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 35 (1983), S. 762-766 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Enamel ; Maturation cycles ; Tetracycline ; Dentine ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Uptake of tetracycline by enamel in the short-term was studied at an advanced stage of crown formation and after completion of crown formation in deciduous molars in the cat. Both secretory phase enamel and bands of postsecretory, maturation phase enamel labeled rapidly. The pattern of labeling mimicked that seen in the continuously growing, rootless incisor teeth of the rat, with narrow doublets fusing to form narrow bands with wide unlabeled intervals in the short term. This is a physiological demonstration which indicates that cyclical activity and changes may occurin vivo during the maturation phase of amelogenesis in rooted teeth. It is also noted that dentine did not, and that some circumscribed patches of bone did label in the same animals in the same time interval. Short-term tetracycline labels are lost following conventional histological processing, but are retained after freeze-drying or air-drying.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02405120
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