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  • Articles  (3,500)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (3,500)
  • Wiley-Blackwell
  • 1980-1984  (3,500)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (3,500)
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  • Articles  (3,500)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The impact of low numbers of leatherjackets on grass yield (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 39 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Experiments were carried out on seven sites in Fermanagh to investigate the yield loss caused by leatherjackets in grassland. Populations on the sites ranged from 65,000 to 865,000 ha−1 and significant damage was recorded from all sites except the least populated. Greater yield increases were obtained by controlling leatherjackets in September when compared with control in March. Regression models were fitted and it was found that 125,000 leatherjackets ha−1 in March caused a yield loss of 50 kg herbage dry matter (DM) ha−1 by mid-May. Based on these figures the average yield loss to leatherjackets in Northern Ireland, from 1965 to 1982, was 208 kg DM ha−1. Controlling leatherjackets in September, rather than March, increased the potential avoidable yield loss by a factor of 2.72. The average yield loss at first silage cut is therefore 566 kg DM ha−1. On average, 100,000 ha grassland in Northern Ireland may be suffering an annual loss of 1t herbage DM ha−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1984.tb01705.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The utilization of sown and indigenous plant species by sheep and goats grazing hill pastures (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 39 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The utilization of sown and indigenous plant species was studied in three experiments in which plots were stocked with similar live weights of sheep and goats. In the first experiment the animals grazed plots containing 0–5 ha of rush (Juncus effusus)- infested reseeded pasture and 0–5 ha of unimproved blanket bog. The second and third experiments took place on old rush-infested improved pasture; in one experiment two levels of herbage mass of grass were provided while in the other the rushes were cut in spring or remained uncut.The goats grazed the rushes readily in all three experiments. Reduction in herbage mass of grass increased utilization of rushes by goats although these animals still grazed rushes when grass supply was plentiful. Sheep scarcely grazed J. effusus even when hard-pressed by shortage of grass. Both sheep and goats grazed J. acutiflorus.In Experiment I sheep utilized reseeded pasture more heavily than did goats. Sheep grazed similar proportions of the leaves of grass and clover while goats grazed a lower proportion of clover leaves as compared with grass. Among the grasses sheep discriminated in favour of Lolium perenne whereas goats did not. On the blanket bog vegetation, Eriophorum vaginatum and Calluna vulgaris were grazed both earlier in the season and more heavily by goats than by sheep.The relationships between sward structure and grazing height in accounting for differences in species selection by sheep and goats are briefly discussed. The possibility of using goals to control coarse weeds in hill pasture and for strategic grazing to manipulate floristic composition is outlined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1984.tb01708.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of a rising-plate meter and an electronic capacitance meter for estimating the yield of pastures grazed by dairy cows (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 39 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The performances of a rising-plate meter and a single-probe electronic capacitance meter were compared for estimating the herbage mass of irrigated pastures both before and after grazing by dairy cows. Mean CV for the rising plate meter and the single-probe meter were 12.7% and 13.3% respectively when herbage mass was measured before grazing, and 21.8% and 15.4% respectively immediately after grazing. These coefficients of variation indicate that while the performance of the two meters was similar when herbage mass was measured before grazing, the single-probe meter was a more precise instrument for estimating herbage mass after grazing.Trampling of herbage prior to measurement had a major effect on the regressions of both meters; the regression intercept was increased by 2800 kg dry matter (DM) ha−1 for the rising-plate meter and by 2580 kg DM ha−1 for the single-probe meter. The slopes of the graphs, however, remained unchanged.It was concluded that while the single-probe meter performed better than the rising-plate meter for estimating the mass of post-grazing herbage when trampling was negligible, the large effect that trampling had on the post-grazing calibration regressions precluded both instruments from general use in dairy cattle research. This indicates that another technique is required in circumstances in which pastures are heavily trampled.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1984.tb01711.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potential pasture production in the uplands of Wales (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 39 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Only a very limited number of species, including red fescue (Festuca rubra), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), timothy (Phleum protense) and white clover (Trifolium repens) are considered as suitable for wet hill land. Detailed comparison of red fescue, perennial ryegrass and timothy on contrasting acid brown earth and stagnogley soils from 1966 to 1969 at Pant-y-dŵr Hill Centre (305 m OD) highlighted the advantages of red fescue in annual DM production and its more even distribution over a longer growing season but also indicated drawbacks of slow initial establishment and lower feed quality. In vitro DOMD of red fescue averaged 645 g kg−1 over the year compared with 690 g kg−1 for perennial ryegrass and timothy. Assessment of a narrow range of species under surface seeding conditions on a stagnogley soil from 1971 to 1975 confirmed the value of red fescue in DM production and persistence. The results are discussed in relation to the characteristics required in herbage species for hill land improvement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1984.tb01687.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Orchardgrass and perennial ryegrass with applied nitrogen and in mixtures with legumes (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 39 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: High-yielding grass-legume mixtures play an important role in forage-animal systems but finding compatible and adapted species can sometimes be difficult. The objective of this study was to examine productivity of perennial ryegrass and orchardgrass in pure stands with N and in mixtures with legumes.Broadcast sowings were made on conventionally prepared seedbeds in August 1979 and May 1980 on a Hagerstown silt loam soil (fine, mixed mesic Typic Hapludalf). When sown alone orchardgrass cv. Pennlate and perennial ryegrass cv. Reveille received rates of N ranging from 0 to 448 kg ha−1 a−1. The grasses were also grown in mixtures with alfalfa cv. Arc, red clover cv. Arlington, or birds foot trefoil cv. Viking. The same legumes were sown alone. Four legume seed rates were used in both the pure legume and mixed stands.Orchardgrass-N swards were more productive than ryegrass-N swards over 3 years. More dry matter (DM) was harvested from pure stands of
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1984.tb01690.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of autumn fungicide application on spring dry matter accumulation in perennial ryegrass cv. S24 (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 39 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Fungicide applied to plots of perennial ryegrass cv. S24 in the autumn of 1981 significantly increased tiller number and total dry matter accumulation in February and March of 1982. However, fungicide application in the autumn of 1982 failed to increase tiller number or dry matter accumulation in the spring of 1983. It is suggested that fungicide application in autumn 1981 prevented the death of tillers caused by fungal attack after snow covered the plots in December 1981.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1984.tb01695.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Errata (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 39 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1984.tb01698.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of stocking rate and fertilizer usage on income variability for dairy farms in England and Wales (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 39 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A mathematical model of grass production and utilization on a dairy farm is described. Using the model an assessment has been made of the extent to which financial uncertainty arising from year-to-year variability in grass yields, coupled with a preference among farmers for minimizing risks, may explain the relatively low stocking rates and observed nitrogen usages on many dairy farms in England and Wales. The degree of risk has been equated with the probability of profits in a particular year being less than those required to cover the consumption needs and short-term borrowing requirements of the farmer. The results of the analysis indicate that a strategy of minimizing risks may lead to a significantly lower stocking rate than one of maximizing profits. Thus, considerations of risk may lead to stocking rates which are suboptimal from the viewpoint of economic and biological efficiency. However, there is no evidence to suggest that the comparatively low average usage of nitrogen on dairy farms in the UK is determined by risk considerations. On the contrary, increasing nitrogen usage lowers the apparent financial risk at a given stocking rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1984.tb01673.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dry matter and quality of herbage harvested from Holcus lanatus and Lolium perenne grown in monocultures and in mixtures (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 39 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The herbage dry matter (DM) harvested, N response and herbage quality of monocultures and mixtures of Holcus lanatus (local ecotype) and Lolium perenne (cv. S24) were compared in a field experiment. The species were seeded in the proportions 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0: 100; three rates of N were applied (150, 300 and 450 kg ha−1) and five or six cuts were taken in each of four harvest years. H. lanatus established poorly in the seeding year and in the first full harvest year L. perenne contributed 1, 54, 76, 89 and 99% of the total herbage DM harvested from the five sward types (mean of N treatments). Only a small decline in the L. perenne content of the swards occurred during the experiment.Total amounts of herbage harvested were significantly lower for H. lanatus monoculture than for the other sward types in three of the four harvest years However, L perenne monoculture yielded significantly more total DM than mixtures with H lanatus in only one of the four harvest years. The five sward types did not differ overall in response to N fertilization. Nitrogen, phosphate and potassium content of the herbage was greatest for H. lanatus monoculture and decreased with increasing proportions ofL perenne present in the mixtures.Thus the presence of a high proportion of H. lanatus in mixture with L. perenne cv. S24 had
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1984.tb01677.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mineral metabolism of sheep fed high- and low-magnesium selections of Italian ryegrass (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 39 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Two experimental populations of Italian ryegrass selected for high and low magnesium content were established as swards, harvested fresh daily and offered to sheep. Chemical analysis of the crops showed a 44% higher Mg and a 22% higher Ca concentration in the high-Mg selection but no significant differences between the selections for the other minerals.Blood and rumen contents were sampled throughout the feeding period and voluntary intake, digestibility and mineral balances for Na, K, Mg, Ca and P were determined. Magnesium intake, apparent availability and retention were significantly greater with the high-Mg selection. There were no significant differences in the plasma-mineral concentrations and all were within the normal range. Rumen fluid from animals fed the high-Mg selection had a higher proportion of soluble Mg and a higher Na:K ratio in the supernatant liquor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1984.tb01681.x
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