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  • Articles  (9)
  • heuristic
  • Springer  (9)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • Annual Reviews
  • Economics  (9)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 17 (1995), S. 205-210 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Keywords: Optimization ; local search ; heuristic ; threshold accepting ; quadratic assignment problem ; Optimierung ; lokale Suchverfahren ; Heuristik ; Threshold Accepting ; Quadratisches Zuordnungsproblem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird eine Modifizierung der Threshold Accepting Heuristik von Dueck und Scheuer vorgeschlagen. Anstelle diskreter Schwellenwerte wird eine Schwellenwertfunktion verwendet, die vom Abkühlungsplan beim Simulated Annealing inspiriert ist. Desweiteren ist die Iterationszahl auf jeder Ebene des Verfahrens nunmehr eine Funktion des aktuellen sowie des Ausgangsschwellenwertes. Anhand dieses Vorgehensschemas untersuchen wir den Trade-off von Lösungsqualität und Konvergenzgeschwindigkeit bei verschiedenen Standardbeispielen des bekannten Quadratischen Zuordnungsproblems. Auch die Qualität und Zuverlässigkeit einer Multistart-Version kurzer TA-Läufe wird mit den Ergebnissen ausführlicher Läufe bei gleichen CPU-Zeiten verglichen, um Rückschlüsse auf die sinnvollere Optimierungsstrategie zu erhalten. In der Literatur verwenden unterschiedliche Autoren häufig sehr verschiedene Anzahlen zufälliger Startlösungen in ihren numerischen Experimenten. Wir untersuchen daher auch, wie sich eine Variation dieser Anzahl auf die TA-Ergebnisse auswirkt.
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we propose a modification of the threshold accepting heuristic by Dueck and Scheuer. Instead of using discrete threshold values a threshold function similar to the cooling schedule of simulated annealing is used. Furthermore, the number of iterations during each step of the heuristic is a function of the current and the initial threshold value. Using this scheme, we investigate the trade-off between solution quality and convergence speed on different instances of the well known quadratic assignment problem. In a second set of experiments the results of a multistart-version of TA are compared with the results of unique long runs at identical CPU-requirements to identify the better optimization strategy. Since, generally, in the literature the number of starting solutions for QAP-heuristics appears to be chosen on a rather arbitrary basis, we also highlight how varying this number influences the TA-results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 1 (1984), S. 273-289 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Average complexity ; satisfiability ; pure literal ; heuristic ; Davis-Putnam procedure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract An algorithm for the SATISFIABILITY problem is presented and a probabilistic analysis is performed. The analysis is based on an instance distribution which is parametrized to simulate a variety of sample characteristics. The algorithm either correctly determines whether a given instance of SATISFIABILITY has a solution or gives up. It is shown that the algorithm runs in polynomial time and gives up with probability approaching zero as input size approaches infinity for a range of parameter values. This result is an improvement over the results in [3] and [4].
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 1 (1984), S. 23-42 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Hierarchical planning problem ; stochastic programming ; heuristic ; performance measure ; probabilistic analysis ; asymptotic optimality ; machine scheduling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract As we have argued in previous papers, multi-level decision problems can often be modeled as multi-stage stochastic programs, and hierarchical planning systems designed for their solution, when viewed as stochastic programming heuristics, can be subjected to analytical performance evaluation. The present paper gives a general formulation of such stochastic programs and provides a framework for the design and analysis of heuristics for their solution. The various ways to measure the performance of such heuristics are reviewed, and some relations between these measures are derived. Our concepts are illustrated on a simple two-level planning problem of a general nature and on a more complicated two-level scheduling problem.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 6 (1986), S. 35-46 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Genetic algorithm ; adaptive search ; heuristic ; discrete-space
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Genetic algorithms are adaptive sampling strategies based on information processing models from population genetics. Because they are able to sample a population broadly, they have the potential to out-perform existing heuristics for certain difficult classes of location problems. This paper describes reproductive plans in the context of adaptive optimization methods, and details the three genetic operators which are the core of the reproductive design. An algorithm is presented to illustrate applications to discrete-space location problems, particularly thep-median. The algorithm is unlikely to compete in terms of efficiency with existingp-median heuristics. However, it is highly general and can be fine-tuned to maximize computational efficiency for any specific problem class.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 6 (1986), S. 47-74 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Spatial competition ; heuristic ; location ; profit maximization ; variational inequalities
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Models are presented for locating a firm's production facilities and determining production levels at these facilities so as to maximize the firm's profit. These models take into account the changes in price at each of the spatially separated markets that would result from the increase in supply provided by the new facilities and also from the response of competing firms. Two different models of spatial competition are presented to represent the competitive market situation in which the firm's production facilities are being located. These models are formulated as variational inequalities; recent sensitivity analysis results for variational inequalities are used to develop derivatives of the prices at each of the spatially separated markets with respect to the production levels at each of the new facilities. These derivatives are used to develop a linear approximation of the implicit function relating prices to productions. A heuristic solution procedure making use of this approximation is proposed.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 6 (1986), S. 273-289 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Hierarchical ; facility size ; heuristic ; differential attractiveness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, I address the location of successively inclusive hierarchical facility systems. Location analysts have traditionally generated such systems under two unrealistic assumptions — first, that facilities can be located independently at each level, and secondly, that patrons will invariably attend the closest facility offering a particular level of service. In this paper, I employ a heuristic method which allows all levels to be located simultaneously. Further, I introduce an objective function based on a negative exponential adaption of Reilly's “retail gravitation law” which accounts for the differential attractivess of facilities at different levels.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 63 (1996), S. 415-436 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Genetic algorithm ; packing ; heuristic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper is concerned with a family of genetic algorithms for the pallet loading problem. Our algorithms differ from previous applications of genetic algorithms to two-dimensional packing problems in that our coding contains all the information needed to produce the packing it represents, rather than relying on a packing algorithm to decode each individual solution. We experiment with traditional one-dimensional string representations, and a two-dimensional matrix representation which preserves the notion of closeness between positions on the pallet. Two new crossover operators are introduced for the two-dimensional case. Our definition of solution space includes both feasible and infeasible solutions and we suggest a number of different fitness functions which penalise infeasibility in different ways and a repair operator which allows our populations to maintain feasibility. The results of experiments designed to test the effectiveness of these features are presented.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 96 (2000), S. 317-337 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: lot size model ; business volume discount ; heuristic ; dynamic programming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper considers the multi-item dynamic lot size model where joint business volume discount is applied for all items purchased whenever the total dollar value of an order reaches a certain level. Multi-item discounts are prevalent in practical applications, yet the literature has only considered limited instances of single-item models. We establish the mathematical formulation and design an effective dynamic programming based heuristic. Computational results disclose our approach obtains high quality solutions that dominate the best known heuristic for the simplified one-item case, and that proves vastly superior to the state-of-the-art CPLEX MIP code for the multi-item case (for which no alternative heuristics have been devised). We obtained significantly better solutions than CPLEX for the more complex problems, while running from 4800 to over 100,000 times faster. Enhanced variants of our method improve these outcomes further.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Keywords: Losgrößenplanung ; Kapazitäten ; Heuristik ; Lagrange-Relaxation ; Lotsizing ; capacit ; heuristic ; Lagrangean-relaxation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In this paper a heuristic approach for the dynamic multi-level multi-item lotsizing problem in general product structures with multiple constrained resources and setup times is proposed. With the help of Lagrangean relaxation the capacitated multi-level lotsizing problem is decomposed into several uncapacitated single-item lotsizing problems. From the solutions of these single-item problems lower bounds on the minimal objective value are derived. Upper bounds are generated by means of a heuristic finite scheduling procedure. The quality of the approach is tested with reference to various problem groups of differing sizes.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird ein heuristisches Verfahren zur Lösung des mehrstufigen Mehrprodukt-Losgrößenproblems für generelle Erzeugnis- und Prozeßstrukturen unter Beachtung multipler Ressourcen bei deterministisch schwankenden, dynamischen Bedarfen vorgestellt. Dabei werden auch Rüstzeiten berücksichtigt. Das mehrstufige Mehrprodukt-Losgrößenproblem wird mit Hilfe der Lagrange-Relaxation in mehrere unkapazitierte Einprodukt-Losgrößenprobleme überführt, aus deren Lösungen eine untere Schranke des optimalen Zielfunktionswerts abgeleitet wird. Zur Bestimmung einer oberen Schranke wird ein heuristisches Verfahren eingesetzt. Die Güte des Verfahrens wird anhand mehrerer Problemgruppen mit unterschiedlichen Größenordnungen überprüft.
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