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  • Pregnancy  (156)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (147)
  • Springer  (9)
  • American Chemical Society
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
  • 1980-1984  (156)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (147)
  • Springer  (9)
  • American Chemical Society
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of pregnancy on immunoreactive parathyroid hormone levels (1982)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 34 (1982), S. 9-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Parathyroid hormone ; Pregnancy ; Nephrogenous cAMP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Parathyroid hormone (PTH) metabolism in pregnancy has not been clearly defined. Studies have reported either increased or unchanged values of immunoreactive PTH (iPTH). However, iPTH levels do not necessarily correlate with hormonal bioactivity due to the presence of immunoreactive but nonbioactive PTH fragments. In this study we evaluated PTH metabolism in the third trimester of pregnancy by determining iPTH blood levels as well as the biological effects of PTH, assessed by tubular maximum phosphate reabsorption (TmP) and nephrogenous cAMP (ncAMP) excretion, in 10 young, healthy pregnant patients (mean gestational age 35 weeks) and 10 young, healthy age-matched female controls. Pregnancy was associated with a significant increase in creatinine clearance (146±13 vs 106±9 ml/min,P〈0.01), and a significant decrease in total fasting serum calcium (8.4±0.1 vs 9.0±0.1 mg/dl,P〈0.001) and serum albumin (3.6±0.1 vs 4.2±0.1 g/dl,P〈0.001). There was no significant difference in iPTH (3.7±0.4 vs 4.3±0.5 µlEq/ml), serum phosphorus (3.6±0.1 vs 3.8±0.2 mg/dl), TmP (3.61±0.13 vs 3.75±0.25 mg/100 ml GFR), or ncAMP (1.68±0.20 vs 1.88±0.23 nmoles/100 ml GFR) between the two groups. Pregnancy was attended by a significant increase in fasting urinary calcium to creatinine ratio (0.14±0.03 vs 0.06±0.01,P〈0.05), an index of bone resorption. The data suggest that the biological effects of PTH are unchanged in pregnancy, and that reported increments in 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D in pregnancy are not regulated by changes in either PTH, calcium, or phosphate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411200
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of vitamin D in maternal skeletal changes during pregnancy and lactation: A histomorphometric study (1982)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 34 (1982), S. 245-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Vitamin D ; Vitamin D deficiency ; Bone ; Pregnancy ; Lactation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The effect of vitamin D on bone changes during the reproductive cycle in female rats has been investigated. One group of female rats was maintained on a vitamin D-deficient diet and another group on a vitamin D-replete diet from weaning. Both groups were mated with normal males and changes in their bones were determined histomorphometrically during pregnancy, lactation, and after weaning. All vitamin D-deficient rats had bone changes typical of rickets. Pregnancy caused significant reductions in mineralized tissue of trabecular and cortical bone in the vitamin D-deficient rats. Lactation caused further significant reductions in mineralized tissues of cortical and trabecular bone in both the vitamin D-deficient and vitamin D-replete animals, with the greatest changes seen at weaning. Some restoration of mineralized tissues occurred following weaning. There was an increase in tetracycline-labeled bone surface in the vitamin D-replete animals during lactation, likely due to an increase in bone formation rates. In the vitamin D-deficient animals during lactation, there was a decrease in tetracyclinelabeled bone surface, likely due to severely depressed bone mineralization. These results indicate that the mobilization of calcium from bone to maintain pregnancy and lactation occurs by a mechanism independent of vitamin D.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411245
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in endochondral bone elongation rates during pregnancy and lactation in rats (1984)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 36 (1984), S. 697-701 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Endochondral osteogenesis ; Growth ; Pregnancy ; Lactation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The rates of endochondral bone elongation during pregnancy and lactation in rats have been studied. The rate of growth at the distal femoral epiphyseal growth plate was measured using fluorescent bone markers. Endochondral growth rates were substantially increased in pregnant animals when compared with age-matched, nonmated controls. There were also increases in growth plate thickness, hypertrophic cell lacunar height, and the calculated rate of cell production during pregnancy. At parturition, this growth trend was reversed and during lactation there were significant decreases in endochondral growth rates. There were also corresponding decreases in growth plate thickness, hypertrophic cell lacunar height, and the calculated rate of cartilage cell production. These results indicate that significant changes occur in maternal endochondral growth rates during the reproductive cycle in rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02405392
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in nucleolar dry mass of neurones of the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei in the rat during pregnancy and lactation (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 208 (1980), S. 313-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Supraoptic neurones ; Paraventricular neurones ; Pregnancy ; Lactation ; Oxytocin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Interference microscopy was used to measure the dry mass of nucleoli in unfixed nuclei isolated from neurones of the paraventricular (PV) and supraoptic (SO) nuclei of female rats. Changes in nucleolar dry mass during pregnancy and lactation have been interpreted as reflecting changes in rates of synthesis of ribosomes and protein in these neurones. Measurements were made on a total of 6580 nucleoli from 135 rats. At the end of pregnancy nucleolar dry mass of both PV and SO neurones was increased compared with virgin female rats. Nucleolar dry mass of PV neurones but not SO neurones increased further during lactation. This change was biphasic, with a nadir at 2 weeks post partum. After day 5 post partum, nucleolar dry mass of PV and SO neurones was increased only in rats suckling pups. Adjustment of litter size to 10 or 22 to 24 pups on the first day post partum did not affect nucleolar changes in PV and SO neurones. Nucleolar changes were less when only one pup was nursed. The results are discussed in relation to oxytocin secretion induced by the suckling stimulus and the synthetic response of PV and SO neurones to increased secretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234879
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental evidence for the bone marrow origin of granulated metrial gland cells of the mouse uterus (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 233 (1983), S. 647-656 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Chimaera ; Metrial gland ; Bone marrow ; Differentiation ; Pregnancy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The clear morphological differences between the granulated metrial gland (GMG) cells which develop in the uteri of rats and mice have been used to assess the origin of GMG cells in radiation chimaeras. Lethally irradiated mice were reconstituted with either rat or mouse bone marrow cells. Control mice were ovariectomised. A schedule of steroid injections was carried out allowing deciduoma formation to be induced in the irradiated and control animals. Deciduoma formation was impaired, and there were few GMG cells in the irradiated, bone marrow-reconstituted mice in comparison with the ovariectomised controls. However, it was possible to identify, by their distinctive morphology, 1) rat GMG cells in the mice reconstituted with rat bone marrow cells, and 2) mouse GMG cells in the mice reconstituted with mouse bone marrow cells. Conversely, no typical mouse or rat GMG cells were identified in mice reconstituted, respectively, with rat or mouse bone marrow cells. The observations indicate that GMG cells differentiate from a precursor derived from bone marrow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212232
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in the LHRH-immunoreactivity of hypothalamic structures during late pregnancy and after parturition in the guinea pig (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 205 (1980), S. 121-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: LHRH-immunohistochemistry ; Pregnancy ; Parturition ; Guinea Pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary LHRH-immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay of the gonadotropins were used to demonstrate changes in the LHRH content of the hypothalamus during late pregnancy and after parturition in the guinea pig. Immediately after parturition a decrease in the amount of LHRH-associated fluorescence was observed in the medial preoptic area. Only 12 h later similar changes were found in the median eminence. In the precommissural region no obvious changes were noted in the quantity of LHRH-immunoreactive “terminals” and “synapses”. The radioimmunoassay of the gonadotropins shows an increase of LH shortly after parturition which reaches the level of a preovulatory rise, whereas the amount of FSH does not vary significantly. The role of the medial preoptic area and the OVLT in the regulation of the estrous cycle through LHRH is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234448
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural studies of the adrenal zona glomerulosa and renal juxtaglomerular apparatus in pregnant sheep (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 232 (1983), S. 177-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pregnancy ; Adrenal zona glomerulosa ; Juxtaglomerular apparatus ; Ultrastructure ; Sheep
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural changes in the adrenal zona glomerulosa and renal juxtaglomerular apparatus have been examined during normal pregnancy in sheep. As pregnancy progressed, increasing numbers of cells in the adrenal zona glomerulosa displayed mitochondria with straight tubular “rod-like” structures replacing their normal lamelliform cristae; groups of cells showing these mitochondrial changes were predominantly located in the middle and superficial regions of the zona glomerulosa, but at all stages remained interspersed with cells with apparently normal mitochondria. In the same animals, the renal juxtaglomerular index was raised, reflecting an increase in renin storage, and juxtaglomerular myoepithelioid cells showed increased numbers of cytoplasmic granules, but no apparent increase in granular endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi profiles; there were no distinguishing morphological changes in juxtaglomerular peripolar cells. These findings provide morphologic evidence of stimulation of the adrenal zona glomerulosa in association with increased juxtaglomerular renin storage during pregnancy. The mitochondrial changes observed in an increasing proportion of cells in the zona glomerulosa closely resemble those seen in sodium-depleted animals, and may reflect the altered steroidogenic capacity of the adrenal gland in pregnant sheep. The finding of groups of cells displaying altered mitochondria lying next to cells with normal mitochondria suggests the presence of cells with different sensitivities to stimuli for aldosterone production or may indicate the presence of different cell types in the zona glomerulosa responding to different stimuli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222382
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reactivity pattern of vasopressin-containing neurons and its relation to the antipyretic reaction in the pregnant guinea pig (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 212 (1980), S. 47-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vasopressin ; Paraventricular nucleus ; Supraoptic nucleus ; Limbic system ; Antipyresis ; Pregnancy ; Guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Changes in the content of vasopressin-immunoreactive material in neurons and their projections were examined in pregnant and nonpregnant guinea pigs as well as in mother and newborn animals. Before sacrifice all animals used in the present study were submitted to a pyrogen test, during which the pregnant animals displayed a reduced fever response to exogenous pyrogen. The unlabeled enzyme-immunoperoxidase method was used in the present study. Light microscopic examination showed that, in comparison to all other groups examined, the pregnant animals exhibited a reduced content of the vasopressin-immunoreactive substance in the supraoptic nucleus (SON), in the neuronal pathways extending between the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and the SON, as well as in the axons projecting to the neural lobe of the pituitary. An increased amount of vasopressin-immunoreactive material was observed during pregnancy especially in the medial portion of the PVN, in axonal distensions in the external zone of the median eminence and in the extrahypothalamic projection sites of the PVN in the lateral septum and in the amygdala. In the pregnant animals neurovascular contacts of vasopressinergic perikarya and fibers were abundant in the PVN; in the lateral septum and in the amygdala vasopressinergic terminals appeared to contact neurons of other types. It is suggested from the present immunocytochemical results that activation of neurons in the medial portion of the PVN and the increased number of vasopressinergic terminals and preterminals in the lateral septum and in the amygdala might be functionally involved in fever suppression at the term of pregnancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234032
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The structure of tight junctions between uterine luminal epithelial cells at different stages of pregnancy in the rat (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 223 (1982), S. 281-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Uterus ; Epithelial cells ; Tight junctions ; Pregnancy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of tight junctions between uterine luminal epithelial cells of the pregnant rat was studied by the freeze-fracture technique. On day 5 of pregnancy, the day of implantation, the region of tight junctions extended three times as far down the lateral cell membrane as on day 1 of pregnancy, and the strands of the complex interlinked more frequently. These observations suggest that tight junctions on day 5 may be more efficient in preserving the contents of the uterine lumen from dilution or escape than at earlier times of pregnancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01258489
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  • 10
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    Fetal exposure to narcotics: neonatal sleep as a measure of nervous system disturbance (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-08-01
    Description: Newborn infants, chronically exposed in utero to low doses of methadone with or without concomitant heroin, display more rapid eye movement sleep and less quiet sleep than control infants, while babies fetally exposed to both opiates and nonopiates have less organization of sleep states. Other perinatal factors, such as birth weight and gestational age, are related more to the amount of fetal drug exposure than to the type.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dinges, D F -- Davis, M M -- Glass, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 1;209(4456):619-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7190326" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Birth Weight ; Female ; Heroin/*adverse effects ; Heroin Dependence/drug therapy ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Newborn, Diseases/*chemically induced ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Methadone/*adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Nervous System Diseases/*chemically induced ; Pregnancy ; Sleep/*drug effects ; Substance-Related Disorders
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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