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  • Articles  (4)
  • objectives  (2)
  • policy  (2)
  • Springer  (4)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • Annual Reviews
  • 1980-1984  (4)
  • 1935-1939
  • Economics  (4)
  • Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
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  • Articles  (4)
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  • Springer  (4)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • Annual Reviews
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An economic model for investing in sulfur oxide control technology development (1984)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 2 (1984), S. 239-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Technology ; plants ; tradeoffs ; cost ; policy ; sulfur oxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract The model estimates, subject to restrictions, the functional relationship between national sulfur dioxide discharges and investment in control technology development. Estimates may be made for different product demands, allowed cost increases, and clean fuel availabilities. Control technology development may be accelerated by increased investment. Both optimal and sub-optimal solutions are calculated for an example problem. A general computing method is provided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01874742
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Using multiple objectives to approximate normative models (1984)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 2 (1984), S. 39-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Normatives ; objectives ; multiples ; approximations ; models
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper discusses the rationale for the use of additive models involving multiple objectives as approximations to normative analyses. Experience has shown us that organizations often evaluate important decisions with multiple objective models rather than reducing all aspects of the problem to a single criterion, dollars, as many normative economic models prescribe. We justify this practice on two grounds: managers often prefer to think about a problem in terms of several dimensions and a multiple objective model may provide an excellent approximation to the more complex normative model. We argue that a useful analysis based on a multiple objective model will fulfill both conditions—it will provide insights for the decision maker as well as a good approximation to the normative model. We report several real-world examples of managers using multiple objective models to approximate such normative models as the risk-adjusted net present value and the value of information models. The agreement between the approximate models and the normative models is shown to be quite good. Next, we cite a portion of the behavioral decision theory literature which establishes that linear models of multiple attributes provide quite robust approximations to individual decision-making processes. We then present more general theoretical and empirical results which support our contention that linear multiple attribute models can provide good approximations to more complex models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01874732
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Initial basis for a national planning model (1984)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 2 (1984), S. 329-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: nation ; technology ; economics ; environment ; tradeoff's ; policy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Analysis of pending national policy takes on greater importance each day to supply policy makers with much needed data on the overall economic effect such policies will have on total employment, income, output, tax revenues, and the general price level throughout the economy. This short paper examines the potential for integration of existing modeling technology into a meaningful national planning model to provide a sound set of economic indices leading to enhanced market efficiency and resource use. Initial efforts at integrated modeling and analysis are described, together with indications of their levels of success in replicating the existing economic environment. Emphasis is placed on determination of shadow prices in a growing economy and their incorporation into the systematic development of a national planning model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01874747
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Constraints on social dilemmas: An institutional approach (1984)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 2 (1984), S. 183-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Tradeoffs ; decisions ; objectives ; games ; policies ; environment ; acid rain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Many contemporary political and economic problems have attributes of social dilemmas. These dilemmas are simply characterized as settings in which individuals have a dominant strategy to not cooperate in collective action. However, this choice results in a Pareto-inferior outcome. Likewise, a dominated strategy exists that results in a Pareto-superior outcome. Where cooperation is absent, this problem has been described as ann-person prisoner's dilemma. This paper discusses the environmental problem of acid rain as such a social dilemma. Relying on a series of laboratory experimental settings, the argument is that many social dilemmas can be resolved through the construction of institutional mechanisms allowing for the coordination of the participant's joint strategies. Policy analysts in particular can profit from focusing on institutional solutions to social dilemmas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01874738
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