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  • Articles  (47)
  • Best. von Eisen(III) in Stahl
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • Life and Medical Sciences
  • 1980-1984  (47)
  • 1945-1949
  • 1910-1914
  • Natural Sciences in General  (47)
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  • Articles  (47)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    STEM imaging of thick specimens with off-axis detectors (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 83-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Scanning transmission electron microscopy ; Image contrast ; Inelastic scattering ; Thick specimens ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: For scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images obtained with relatively small objective aperture sizes, the contrast of small objects contained within thick specimens may be considerably enhanced by using an off-axis detector aperture situated on the edge of the central beam spot. The effect is demonstrated for both crystalline and amorphous specimens. The effect arises because the detector collects part of the small angle inelastic scattering and is modified by refraction effects for specimens of rapidly changing thickness.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060010108
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computer simulation and analysis of high-resolution electron microscope images and diffraction patterns with partial coherence, hollow cone illumination, and virtual apertures (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 107-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Phase contrast ; Computer simulation ; Partial coherence ; Electron microscopy ; Convergent beam ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A general method for computing high-resolution conventional transmission electron microscope images and diffraction patterns, when there are different types of partially coherent illumination conditions, is described. Examples of convergent beam, hollow cone, and virtual aperture illumination conditions are given in the context of interpreting image features. A comparison of real and computed diffraction patterns shows that, in practice, many innovative imaging modes are possible, which can be verified prior to real microscope experiments.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060010202
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intelligent interface for a microprocessor controlled scanning transmission electron microscope with x-ray imaging (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 175-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Synchronous digital image acquisition and scan generation (SDIASG) ; X-ray imaging ; Scanning transmission electron microscope ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: An intelligent interface has been designed to perform synchronous digital image acquistion and scan generation (SDIASG interface) for a microprocessor controlled Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (S(T)EM) with x-ray imaging. The SDIASG interface connects an LSI-11/2 microprocessor to a Philips EM400 electron microscope. The LSI-11/2 microprocessor is part of a DeAnza VC5000 digital image display system. A system using the SDIASG interface is described. The system takes advantage of the SDIASG interface and a DeAnza VC5000 digital image display system to realize new capabilities that optimize conditions for x-ray mapping.A low characteristic x-ray count rate is generated by the ultrathin specimens from which high resolution x-ray maps can be obtained (Shuman et al, 1976; Somlyo and Shuman, 1982). This low count rate necessitates a long image accumulation time, which in turn makes drift correction essential for maintaining spatial resolution. The new capabilities of the system described here consist of real-time display and summation of consecutive image and x-ray maps, and automatic return to a high speed imaging mode between consecutive x-ray map passes. The new capabilities combine to allow frequent correction for specimen drift between consecutive x-ray mapping passes while still permitting a long total accumulation time for the x-ray maps.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060010206
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of the Laplacian filter to high-resolution enhancement of SEM images (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 331-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Digital image processing ; Laplacin filter ; Scanning electron microscopy ; High-resolution ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Certain digital image-processing methods, which are useful for nonperiodic structural images, have been applied to high-resolution SEM images for the improvement of resolution. Samples utilized in the present study consisted of magnetic tape coated with gold, T4 phage coated with gold-palladium, and uncoated specimens of Prolamellar body (PLB) in Cucurbita moschata. These images were blurred and otherwise disturbed by electronic noise, though the images were taken at the limit of efficiency of intrinsic instrument. The major image-processing tool was the Laplacian filter, which subtracts the Laplacian from the original image. Noise, which is a serious problem in digital processing of high-resolution SEM images, was suppressed by the nonlinear type smoothing method. Also, the noise was evaluated by an autocorrelation function and a power spectrum of the image. By using these methods of “deblurring” and noise removal, we achieved better resolution, and structural details of our biological specimens were revealed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060010403
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The usefulness of glutaraldehyde-carbohydrazide copolymerization in biological specimen stabilization for scanning electron microscopy (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 131-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: GACH ; Amino-resin ; SEM ; Preparation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Biological specimens can be prepared for scanning electron microscopy by means of copolymerizing the fixing agent glutaraldehyde with carbohydrazide prior to air drying. Such preparations are more stable in the electron microscope, show less internal cellular disruption and retain more of their native elemental composition than specimens prepared by means of dehydration and critical-point drying. Specimens observed in the scanning electron microscope can often be recovered for thin sectioning with no additional embedment, and can then be observed by means of transmission elecltron microscopy. The preparation (termed GACH) can be performed in almost any laboratory with no specialized equipment and, for the most part, may be carried out at room temperature. The technique appears to provide the promise of further research applications in scanning electron microscopy which may employ conjugated procedures of immunocytochemistry and cathodoluminescence as well as X-ray microanalysis in limited situations.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060010203
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A technique for achieving consistent release of formvar film from clean glass slides (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 203-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060010209
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protein A-gold electron microscopic immunocytochemistry: Methods, applications, and limitations (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 243-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Protein A-Gold ; Lowicryl ; Glycolmethacrylate ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The postembedding protein A-gold immunocytochemical approach has been introduced as an alternative to other techniques for the ultrastructural localization of antigenic sites. The present review deals with the development, the theoretical background, and technical approach of the protein A-gold method as well as the different modifications introduced in order to enhance the resolution of the results and to perform double labelings on the same section. Various examples demonstrate the reliability and the wide range of application of this technique. In addition, some problems, pitfalls, and limitations particular to this method are reported.
    Additional Material: 34 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060010304
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The preparation of cultured cells of vascular origin for transmission electron microscopy (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 271-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Vascular cell cultures ; Transmission electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A method is described for obtaining optimal, reproducible ultrastructure of vascular smooth muscle cells and vascular endothelial cells in culture. Routinely grown cultures are prepared for TEM with a precise regimen of fixation, postfixation, en bloc staining, dehydration, and embedment. The most important aspects of this procedure are the following: (1) fixation with a percentage-gradient series of glutaraldehyde solutions at 37°C, (2) immediate postfixation with osmium tetroxide solution, and (3) block-staining with uranyl acetate solution to eliminate any extraction of constituents during subsequent processing.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060010305
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface-replica cytochemistry as a tool for studying cell-surface enzyme activity: Membrane ecto-ATPase localization in liver cell cultures (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 289-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Epithelial cell ; Membrane ; Ecto-ATPase ; Stain-replica ; Plasma polymerization ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A stain-replica technique is described for cytochemical examination of ecto-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity over the membrane surface of monolayer cell cultures. Rat liver epithelial cells grown on a plastic substrate were fixed in glutaraldehyde, incubated in situ in an ATPase-lead reaction medium, ethanol-dehydrated and air-dried. The cell surface of the monolayer cultures was replicated with plasma polymerization of hydrocarbon gas in the negative phase of glow discharge. X-ray microprobe analysis confirmed the site-specific deposition of lead phosphate in the polymer-replica films. The cytochemical localization of lead was mirrored in the replicas of epithelial cells, demonstrating that ATPase activity was expressed along the apical margins of cell-to-cell contacts. Little or no activity was present over the remainder of the smooth-surface membranes. In transformed epithelial cells, there were abundant reaction products over the microvilli and intercellular boundaries. These observations were consistent with biochemical data on the liver epithelial cells in culture and suggested the potential of surface-replica cytochemistry.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060010308
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parallax measurements on stereomicrographs of hydrated single molecules: Their accuracy and precision at high magnification (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 373-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: TEM ; Parallax equation ; Freeze-etch ; Pt-C replication ; Hydrated spermidine-condensed DNA toruses ; Stereoheight measurements ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Stereoimaging of hydrated single complex macromolecules requires thin freeze-etch platinum-carbon replicas (≤200 Å) and that the transmission electron microscope (TEM) be equipped with a tilt-rotation eucentric goniometer stage. The original parallax equation is an accurate approximation for high-magnification work, micrographs (105 ×) being less than 0.3% in error. In addition, we have derived formulas for high-magnification work to measure heights, lateral distances, and the object tilt angle for an object not lying flat on the film surface. The accuracy of the height measurements is evaluated on spermidine-condensed DNA toruses. By using the maximum error equation derived from the original parallax equation, we discuss methods to improve the height measurement precision (95% fractile) to the 5-10 Å range.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060010406
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