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  • Chemistry  (42,901)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (4,069)
  • Biochemistry  (367)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (47,336)
  • 1980-1984  (37,460)
  • 1950-1954  (9,876)
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conformational analysis of the milk oligosaccharides (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 1555-1566 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Possible conformations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, related disaccharides, and other milk oligosaccharides have been studied by an energy-minimization procedure using empirical potential functions. Lacto-N-tetraose favors a “curved” conformation, while lacto-N-neotetraose favors an approximately “straight” conformation. These two conformations differ mainly in the position of the terminal galactose residue with respect to the rest of the molecule. This difference explains the greater strength of lacto-N-neotetraose compared with lacto-N-tetraose in its ability to inhibit the cross-reaction of blood group P1 fractions with Type XIV pneumococcal antipolysaccharide. Although the favored conformation of lacto-N-tetraose (inactive) agrees with the model proposed by the earlier workers, that for lacto-N-neotetraose (active) differs. The favored conformations for the disaccharides galactose-β(1-4)-N-acetylglucosamine, galactose-β(1-3)-N-acetylglucosamine, and lactose are similar in overall shape, differing only in the nature and orientation of the side groups. This explains their nearly equal inhibitory activity. These theoretical models also explain the increased activity of lacto-N-fucopentaose I over that of lacto-N-tetraose and the relative activities of the substituted lactoses. The present studies suggest that it is the overall shape of the molecule which is important for activity, rather than the terminal β(1-4)-linked galactose residue alone.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360190811
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of methanol on the rotational diffusion of poly(L-lysine) in the helix-coil transition (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 1571-1585 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 13C spin-lattice relaxation times of poly(L-lysine) have been obtained at 67.9 MHz in aqueous solution and in a mixed solvent (40% methanol/60% water). A concomitant determination of the conformation by CD permits the correlation of conformation and rotational diffusion of the polymer. The dependence on pH of the spin-lattice relaxation times of the 13Cα and the side-chain carbon resonances reflects the diffusional motion in the random-coil conformation, in the helix-coil transition, and in the conformation of the α-helix. In the mixed solvent the reorientational correlation time of the Cα-Hα vector increases from τ = 0.37 nsec (random coil) to τ = 12.0 nsec (α-helix). In aqueous solution the correlation time of this vector increases from τ = 0.33 nsec (random coil) to τ ≫ 11 nsec. The reorientation rates of the side-chain methylene groups in the two solvents are markedly different. The reorientation of all methylene groups is reduced in the mixed solvent.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360190902
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solid-state conformation of copolymers of β-benzyl-L-aspartate with L-alanine, L-leucine, L-valine, γ-benzyl-L-glutamate, or ∊-carbobenzoxy-L-lysine (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 1603-1615 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The solid-state conformation of copolymers of β-benzyl-L-aspartate [L-Asp(OBzl)] with L-leucine (L-Leu), L-alanine (L-Ala), L-valine (L-Val), γ-benzyl-L-glutamate [L-Glu(OBzl)], or ∊-carbobenzoxy-L-lysine (Cbz-L-Lys) has been studied by ir spectroscopy and circular dichroism (CD). The ir spectra in the region of the amide I and II bands and in the region of 700-250 cm-1 have been determined. The results from the ir studies are in good agreement with data obtained by CD experiments. Incorporation of the amino acid residues mentioned above into poly[L-Asp(OBzl)] induces a change from the left-handed into the right-handed α-helix. This conformational change for the poly[L-Asp(OBzl)] copolymers was observed in the following composition ranges: L-Leu, 0-15 mol %; L-Ala, 0-32 mol %; L-Val, 0-8 mol %; L-Glu(OBzl), 3-10 mol %; and Cbz-L-Lys, 0-9 mol %.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360190905
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical aging of dry elastin (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 1667-1673 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Dry purified ligamentum nuchae elastin has been investigated for physical aging. The samples were quenched from a temperature (197°C) close to the softening point to a number of measuring temperatures ranging from -20 to +180°C. At each temperature, the small-strain torsional creep properties were determined at a number of elapsed intervals after the quench. Aging effects were found over the whole temperature range, and the creep and aging behavior of elastin turned out to be very similar to that of synthetic polymers.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360190910
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNA backbone conformation in cis-syn pyrimidine[]pyrimidine cyclobutane dimersPresented at the American Society of Biological Chemists and Biophysical Society Meeting, June 1-5, 1980, New Orleans, Louisiana [(1980) Fed. Proc. 39, 1879]. (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 1695-1701 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360190913
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toroidal elastic supercoiling of DNA (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 1705-1713 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Covalently closed circular DNA can exist in different configurations known as circular, toroidal, and interwound. Changes among these forms can be made in several ways, including the insertion of dye molecules between adjacent base pairs, which tends to untwist the double-helical structure. The aim of this paper is to discuss these configurations, and the changes among them, in the context of classical elastomechanics. The concepts of twisting, linkage and writhing are explained. Simple experiments on a twisted linear-elastic rod are described, and it is shown that although the circular and interwound forms may be modeled in this way, the toroidal form does not occur, being mechanically unstable. Theoretical energy calculations by Levitt on bent and twisted DNA show that DNA exhibits a particular kind of nonlinear elasticity in which there is an unusual coupling between bending and twisting. The aim of the paper is to show qualitatively that this special kind of elasticity can stabilize the toroidal form of closed circular DNA.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360191002
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physicochemical investigation of k-carrageenan in the random state (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 1357-1374 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Light-scattering, viscosity, and sedimentation experiments on aqueous solutions of k-carrageenan show that this sulfated polygalactose is an expanded flexible random coil. This expansion is due to long-range interactions that are predominantly electrostatic. Extrapolation of viscosity data to infinite ionic strength provided values for the intrinsic viscosity which were subjected to the Stockmayer-Fixman analysis, giving a value for the Mark-Houwink coefficient under theta-conditions, Kθ, of 0.27. The characteristic ratio, C∞, under these conditions is 7.8, and the conformation factor σ is 2. In a solution of 0.118 ionic strength, where a Mark-Houwink exponent aη of 0.86 is found, the radii of gyration calculated from viscosity data are lower than those found from the angular dependence of scattered light. On the other hand, the radius of gyration found from the sedimentation rate agrees well with the light-scattering radius. The relations between molecular parameters are corrected for the poly-dispersity of the sample.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360190711
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An interaction of albumin with hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate: A study of affinity chromatography and circular dichroism (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 1407-1414 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360190713
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360190801
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The translational friction of toroids (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 1475-1489 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An approximate analytic expression for the translational friction coefficient of a toroid modeled as a continuous shell of frictional elements is derived using the Kirkwood approximation. The accuracy of this expression was determined by comparing the friction coefficients predicted by it to those predicted by extrapolated shell-model calculations using the modified Oseen tensor. To show that these calculations do indeed yield the correct friction coefficients, actual translational friction coefficients were determined by observing settling rates of macroscopic model rings or toroids in a high-viscosity silicone fluid. Our conclusion is that the approximate expression yields friction coefficients that are about 1.5-3% low for finite rings. For thin rings, a comparison is also made with the exact result of Yamakawa and Yamaki [J. Chem. Phys. 57, 1572 (1972); 58, 2049 (1973)] for the translational friction of plane polygonal rings. This comparison shows that the approximate expression yields results which are low by 2-3% unless the rings are extremely thin, in which case the error is larger. In the limit of an infinitely thin ring the approximate expression reduces to the Kirkwood result [J. Polym. Sci. 12, 1 (1954)], which is low by 8.3%. We discuss briefly how this work may be useful in determining the structure of DNA compacted by various solvent-electrolyte systems and polyamines.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360190805
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