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  • Articles  (12)
  • Resource management  (6)
  • fusion-fission hybrids  (6)
  • 1980-1984  (12)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1940-1944
  • Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering  (12)
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  • Articles  (12)
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Keywords
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Year
Topic
  • Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering  (12)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fusion-fission hybrids: Environmental aspects and their role in hybrid rationale (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of fusion energy 1 (1981), S. 197-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9591
    Keywords: fusion-fission hybrids ; fusion reactor safety ; weapons proliferation ; radioactive wastes ; activation products ; fission product transmutation ; uranium-233
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The rationale for developing hybrids depends on real or perceived liabilities of relying on pure fission to do the same job. Quite possibly the main constraint on expanded use of fission will be neither lack of fuel nor high costs, but perceived environmental liabilities—radioactive wastes, reactor safety, and links to nuclear weaponry. The environmental characteristics of hybrid systems and pure-fission systems are compared here in detail. The findings are that significant environmental advantages for hybrids cannot now be demonstrated and may not exist. Therefore, if environmental drawbacks constrain the application of pure fission, hybrids probably also will be thus constrained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01050662
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A cost/benefit analysis of commercial fusion-fission hybrid reactor development (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of fusion energy 3 (1983), S. 81-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9591
    Keywords: cost/benefit ; fusion-fission hybrids ; present worth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A simple algorithm was developed that allows rapid computation of the ratio,R, of present worth of benefits to present worth of hybrid R&D program costs as a function of potential hybrid unit electricity cost savings, discount rate, electricity demand growth rate, total hybrid R&D program cost, and time to complete a demonstration reactor. In the sensitivity study, these variables were assigned nominal values (unit electricity cost savings of 4 mills/kW-hr, discount rate of 4%/year, growth rate of 2.25%/year, total R&D program cost of $20 billion, and time to complete a demonstration reactor of 30 years), and the variable of interest was varied about its nominal value. Results show thatR increases with decreasing discount rate and increasing unit electricity savings and ranges from 4 to 94 as discount rate ranges from 5 to 3%/year and unit electricity savings range from 2 to 6 mills/kW-hr.R increases with increasing growth rate and ranges from 3 to 187 as growth rate ranges from 1 to 3.5%/year and unit electricity cost savings range from 2 to 6 mills/kW-hr.R attains a maximum value when plotted against time to complete a demonstration reactor. The location of this maximum value occurs at shorter completion times as discount rate increases, and this optimal completion time ranges from 20 years for a discount rate of 4%/year to 45 years for a discount rate of 3%/year.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01052645
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental resource management on the Munduruku savanna (1984)
    Springer
    Environmental management 8 (1984), S. 215-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Munduruku ; Slash-and-burn ; Rubber tapping ; Gold mining ; Amazon ; Resource management ; Rain forest
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract For 13 years, the Munduruku were observed living in the savanna region located in South America in the Brazilian state of Pará. The area is near the point where the states of Pará, Amazonas, and Mato Grosso join their borders, and is utilized by about 200–300 Munduruku Amerindians. Their subsistence staple is manioc (a cassava), with fruits and meat included in the diet. Gold mining by Brazilians is a disruptive element in the resource management of the savanna habitat on the rim of the Amazon Basin. Direct and indirect results of mining interference are described. A study of the manner in which the Munduruku on the Cururu River (a tributary of the Tapajós) have handled the potentially disruptive rubber tapping suggests possible ways of reversing the interference. Several courses of action are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01866963
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulation of socio-ecological impacts: Modeling a fishing village (1982)
    Springer
    Environmental management 6 (1982), S. 123-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Simulation ; Resource management ; Fishing communities ; Rural development ; Interdisciplinary models ; Socio-ecology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The interrelationship of society and environment is addressed here through the study of a remote fishing village of 750 people. An interdisciplinary study evaluated demographic, economic, and social aspects of the community, and simulation modeling was used to integrate these societal characteristics with environmental factors. The population of the village had grown gradually until the 1960's, when a decline began. Out-migration correlated with declining fish harvests and with increased communications with urban centers. Fishing had provided the greatest economic opportunity, followed by logging. A survey was conducted to investigate the costs and revenues of village fishermen. Diversification characterized the local fleet, and analysis showed that rates of return on investment in the current year were equal between vessel types. The variable levels and rate parameters of the demographic, economic, and social components of the model were specified through static and time series data. Sensitivity analysis to assess the effects of uncertainty, and validation tests against known historical changes were also conducted. Forecast scenarios identified the development options under several levels of fish abundance and investment. The weight given to ecological versus economic resource management registered disproportionate effects due to the interaction between investment and migration rates and resource stochasticity. This finding argues against a “golden mean” rule for evaluating policy trade-offs and argues for the importance of using a dynamic, socio-ecological perspective in designing development policies for rural communities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01871432
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Implementation of two new resource management information systems in Australia (1984)
    Springer
    Environmental management 8 (1984), S. 251-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Kosciusko National Park ; Tutanning Nature Reserve ; Gradient modeling ; Fire modeling ; PREPLAN ; Resource management ; Ordination ; Classification ; Geographic Information Systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes the development and implementation ofPREPLAN, A Pristine Environment Planning Language and Simulator, for two conservation areas in Australia, Kosciusko National Park (New South Wales) and Tutanning Nature Reserve (Western Australia).PREPLAN was derived from the North American gradient modeling systems and theForest Planning Language and Simulator (FORPLAN), but includes unique characteristics not previously available.PREPLAN includes an integrated resource management data base, modules for predicting site-specific vegetation, fuels, animals, fire behavior, and fire effects, and an English language instruction set.PREPLAN was developed specifically to provide available information and understanding of ecosystems to managers in a readily accessible and usable form, and to provide the motivation to conduct additional required research projects. An evaluation of the system's advantages and limitations is presented, and the way the utilization of such systems is improving natural area decision making throughout Australia is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01866967
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regional intergovernmental institutions: Participation benefits and costs (1982)
    Springer
    Environmental management 6 (1982), S. 527-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Regional institutions ; Resource management ; Participation ; Political ; Rational ; Decison rule ; Consensus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Evaluators frequently cite the absence of effective participation by constituent governments and the need for consensus or even unanimity prior to action as the causes of poor performance by regional resource management institutions. Major governments either will not join the regional institution, will not participate even if legally members, or will exercise a veto over many important management projects. This paper examines the variables that may cause these problems and provides an improved understanding of why rational political actors would act in ways that inhibit the efficient management of resources. Among the principal variables determining participation are expected benefits of collective decisions, perceived losses of autonomy and representation, the number and homogeneity of other participants, decision costs, and the decision rule used to determine actions. Analysis of these factors suggests why consensus and unanimity decision rules are frequently chosen and why participation is usually limited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01868381
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Freshwater wetlands human-induced changes: Indirect effects must also be considered (1983)
    Springer
    Environmental management 7 (1983), S. 299-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Wetlands ecosystems ; Human environmental impact ; Resource management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Two recent studies have documented changes in wetland ecosystems in New England by examining changes in wetland vegetation over time. Both documented shifts in vegetation towards shrub and forest dominated wetlands Both then concluded that natural succession has changed more wetlands than human impact has. The last conclusion does not necessarily follow from the data provided. There are three important points that emerge from re-considering these studies 1) indirect human impact (for example, water level changes, eutrophication, sedimentation) must be considered when assessing human impact on wetlands, particularly given that subtle indirect impact affects larger areas than direct impact from drainage and infilling, 2) when discussing indirect effects of human activity, it is important to carefully define which indirect effects are being considered, since there is a continuum ranging from infilling through to alteration of global CO2 levels, and 3) given the complexity of indirect effects, it is unlikely that most can be recognized in the field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01866911
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resource suitability: Methods for analyses (1983)
    Springer
    Environmental management 7 (1983), S. 401-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Suitability analysis ; Land-use assessment ; Resource management ; Planning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract There is a growing need to develop methods for analyzing resource suitability that are both legally defensible and accurate. Three approaches to suitability analysis are reviewed: the US Soil Conservation Service capability classification and important farmlands mapping; the McHarg, or Pennsylvania, suitability analysis method; and Dutch approaches to suitability analysis. Computer applications and the carrying-capacity concept are briefly reviewed. Three applications of suitability analysis are discussed: examples from Medford Township, New Jersey; Whitman County, Washington; and Abuja, the new federal capital city of Nigeria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867120
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas-cooled fusion-fission hybrid reactor systems (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of fusion energy 1 (1981), S. 163-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9591
    Keywords: fusion ; fusion-fission hybrids ; hybrids ; gas-cooling ; helium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, the concept of the fusion-fission hybrid reactor is reviewed, and a system of classification for hybrid blanket designs is suggested. The advantages and disadvantages of gas cooling for hybrid reactor systems are discussed and the design implications of using gas cooling in a hybrid blanket are presented. Five of the more complete gas-cooled hybrid reactor conceptual design studies are discussed, and the fission-suppressed hybrid blanket concept is identified as offering potentially significant advantages in terms of inherent safety features and reduced technology development requirements compared to higher power fission blankets. It is concluded that helium is attractive as the coolant for hybrid reactor systems, and that technically viable reactor designs have been developed using helium cooling. The helium-cooled fission-suppressed hybrid blanket, based on thorium fuel for production of233U, is identified as being a particularly attractive candidate for further hybrid reactor development work.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01050660
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A summary of EPRI's fusion-fission hybrid evaluation activities (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of fusion energy 2 (1982), S. 369-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9591
    Keywords: Fusion ; fusion-fission hybrids ; advanced nuclear systems ; uranium supply
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A summary is given of recently completed and planned fusion-fission hybrid projects. Electricity supply/demand projections and estimates of future uranium requirements for several different combinations of nuclear systems, including hybrids, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01063687
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaction balance and efficiency analysis of a D-D fusion/fission hybrid with satellite D-3He reactors (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of fusion energy 2 (1982), S. 181-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9591
    Keywords: fusion-fission hybrids ; deuterium fueled fusion reactors ; D-D reactions ; D-3He fusion reactions ; thermonuclear fusion ; parent-satellite nuclear energy systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Selected reactor physics and isotope balance characteristics of a fusion hybrid supported D-3He satellite nuclear energy system are formulated and investigated. The system consists of two types of reactors: a parent D-fueled fusion device and a number of smaller reactors optimized for D-3He fusion. The parent hybrid station breeds the helium-3 for the satellites and also breeds fissile fuel for an existing fission reactor economy. Various hybrid operational regimes are examined in order to determine favorable reactorQ values and effective fusion and fission efficiencies. A number of analytical correlations between power output, plasma energetics, blanket neutronics, breeding capacity, and energy conversion cycles are established and evaluated. Numerical examples of performance parameters such as fission-to-fusion power, overall conversion efficiency, and the ratio of satellite to parent fusion power are presented. The range of reactor efficiencies is elucidated as affected by the internal plasma power balances. As an upper bound based on optimistic injection and direct conversion efficiencies, we find the D-3He satellite system power output attaining at best 1/3 of the parent fusion power.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01050930
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The case for the fusion hybrid (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of fusion energy 1 (1981), S. 185-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9591
    Keywords: nuclear fusion ; fissile fuel production ; nuclear fuel production ; fusion-fission hybrids ; future nuclear fuel resources
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The use of nuclear fusion to produce fuel for nuclear fission power stations is discussed in the context of a crucial need for future energy options. The fusion hybrid is first considered as an element in the future of nuclear fission power to provide long term assurance of adequate fuel supplies for both breeder and convertor reactors. Generic differences in neutronic characteristics lead to a fuel production potential of fusion-fission hybrid systems which is significantly greater than that obtainable with fission systems alone. Furthermore, cost benefit studies show a variety of scenarios in which the hybrid offers sufficient potential to justify development costs ranging in the tens of billions of dollars. The hybrid is then considered as an element in the ultimate development of fusion electric power. The hybrid offers a near term application of fusion where experience with the requisite technologies can be derived as a vital step in mapping a credible route to eventual commercial feasibility of “pure” fusion systems. Finally, the criteria for assessment of future energy options are discussed with prime emphasis on the need for rational comparison of alternatives. This approach is contrasted with the dual standard too often used in judging the risks and benefits of nuclear power where, for example, rather minor radiological effects are highlighted while much larger exposures to radiation from medical x-rays, airplane travel, color television sets, etc., are ignored. It is concluded that the fusion hybrid deserves a prominent place among new energy resources but that early attention to insure an adequately informed public is a vital ingredient in assuring reasonable prospects of success.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01050661
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