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  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING  (3,277)
  • ASTROPHYSICS  (2,971)
  • 1980-1984  (6,247)
  • 1960-1964  (1)
Collection
Keywords
Years
Year
  • 1
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    The LANDSAT Tutorial Workbook: Basics of Satellite Remote Sensing (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-23
    Description: Most of the subject matter of a full training course in applying remote sensing is presented in a self-teaching mode in this how-to manual which combines a review of basics, a survey of systems, and a treatment of the principles and mechanics of image analysis by computers, with a laboratory approach for learning to utilize the data through practical experiences. All relevant image products are included.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-RP-1078 , NAS 1.61:1078 , E83-10001 , LC-81-600117
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  • 2
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    Meteoritics (1964)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TT-F-100 , NAS 1.77:F-100 , AD-A276988
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  • 3
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    Present and future programs for the application of remote sensing in Argentina (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Remote sensing activities in Argentina are summarized. They include reception and processing of satellite data, applications, research, and training.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-76898 , NAS 1.15:76898
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  • 4
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    Studies on the application of remote sensing by Argentinian organizations (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: A bibliography is given of papers relating to the use of remote sensing information (mostly LANDSAT data) by various Argentinian organizations.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-76897 , NAS 1.15:76897
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  • 5
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    MLA imaging systems (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The development of the enabling technology and instrument/mission definition phase for the application of advanced solid state sensors for future experimental remote sensing missions is discussed. The development of focal planes, instrument concept/design, mission studies, and service requirements and an imaging spectrometer technology and a Shuttle sortie mission definition are outlined.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: JPL Proc. of the NASA Workshop on Registration and Rectification; p 153-162
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  • 6
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    LANDSAT D to test thematic mapper, inaugurate operational system (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: NASA will launch the Landsat D spacecraft on July 9, 1982 aboard a new, up-rated Delta 3920 expendable launch vehicle. LANDSAT D will incorporate two highly sophisticated sensors; the flight proven multispectral scanner; and a new instrument expected to advance considerably the remote sensing capabilities of Earth resources satellites. The new sensor, the thematic mapper, provides data in seven spectral (light) bands with greatly improved spectral, spatial and radiometric resolution.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-NEWS-RELEASE-82-100 , P82-10103
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  • 7
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    Earth Resources: A continuing bibliography with indexes, issue 33 (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: This bibliography list 436 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information System. Emphasis is placed on the use of remote sensing and geophysical instrumentation in spacecraft and aircraft to survey and inventory natural resources and urban areas. Subject matter is grouped according to agriculture and forestry, environmental changes and cultural resources, geodesy and cartography, geology and mineral resources, hydrology and water management, data processing and distribution sytems, instrumentation and sensors, and economic analysis.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-SP-7041(33) , NAS 1.21:7011(33)
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  • 8
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    Earth Resources: A continuing bibliography, with indexes, issue 31 (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: This bibliography lists 505 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system. Emphasis is placed on the use of remote sensing and geophysical instrumentation in spacecraft and aircraft to survey and inventory natural resources and urban areas. Subject matter is grouped according to agriculture and forestry, environmental changes and cultural resources, geodesy and cartography, geology and mineral resources, hydrology and water management, data processing and distribution systems, instrumentation and sensors, and economic analysis.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-SP-7041(31)
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  • 9
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    Applications of remote sensing technology to U.S. Water resource management (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Applications of Landsat data to assessing the available water supply in the U.S. for agricultural puposes as a program of the NASA Office of Space Science and Applications are described. Snow melt runoff predictions are performed with multitemporal Landsat imagery to measure the extent of mountain snow packs in the Rockies in order to produce stream flow forecast models. The data is used for decisions of which crops to plant, based on irrigation water which will be accessible in eleven western U.S. states. Imagery has tracked the growth of irrigated lands watered from the Ogallala aquifer in the central U.S., and is providing a data base for calculating the aquifer depletion rates. Studies are preceeding in temporally mapping the kinds of vegetation growing in the Suwannee Sound in Florida to monitor the intrusion of salt water, which would reduce the River's usefulness for irrigation. Finally, capabilities of the Thematic Mapper are reviewed.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Remote sensing of arid and semi-arid lands; International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment; Jan 19, 1982 - Jan 25, 1982; Cairo; Egypt
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  • 10
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    The 1979 X-ray outburst of Centaurus X-4 (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: X-ray observations of the first major outburst of the classical transient X-ray source Centaurus X-4 since its discovery in 1969 are presented. The observations were obtained in May, 1979, with the all-sky monitor on board Ariel 5. The flare light curve is shown to exhibit many of the characteristics of other transients, including a double-peaked maximum, as well as significant, apparently random, variations and a lower peak flux and shorter duration than the 1969 event. Application of a standard epoch-folding technique to data corrected for linear decay trends indicates a possible source modulation at 0.3415 days (8.2 hours). Comparison of the results with previous other data on Cen X-4 and the characteristics of the soft X-ray transients allows a total X-ray output of approximately 3 x 10 to the 43rd ergs to be estimated, and reveals the duration and decay time of the 1979 Cen X-4 outburst to be the shortest yet observed from soft X-ray transients. The observations are explained in terms of episodic mass exchange from a late-type dwarf onto a neutron star companion in a relatively close binary system.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 241
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  • 11
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    Publication of the maps of Tenke and Manono (Zaire) from LANDSAT data (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The collection of cartographic data on Zaire up to the present time was based on aerial reconnaissance. This approach is very expensive if repetitive coverage is required in such a large country. The integration with the LANDSAT program among the data collection systems improves the mapping efforts substantially.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-76479 , SDSU-RSI-VISP-81-02
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  • 12
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    LANDSAT language at our reach. First Swedish satellite. Civilization detectors (1981)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Information on the use of LANDSAT data by Argentina is presented. Details on a Swedish satellite to be completed in 1984 and to be called VIKING are reported. Attempts to contact other civilizations in space by the use of radiotelescopes are discussed.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-76477
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  • 13
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    Evaluation of orbits with incomplete knowledge of the mathematical expectancy and the matrix of covariation of errors (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The problem of selecting the optimal algorithm of filtration and the optimal composition of the measurements is examined assuming that the precise values of the mathematical expectancy and the matrix of covariation of errors are unknown. It is demonstrated that the optimal algorithm of filtration may be utilized for making some parameters more precise (for example, the parameters of the gravitational fields) after preliminary determination of the elements of the orbit by a simpler method of processing (for example, the method of least squares).
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-76237
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  • 14
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    LAPR: An experimental aircraft pushbroom scanner (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: A three band Linear Array Pushbroom Radiometer (LAPR) was built and flown on an experimental basis by NASA at the Goddard Space Flight Center. The functional characteristics of the instrument and the methods used to preprocess the data, including radiometric correction, are described. The radiometric sensitivity of the instrument was tested and compared to that of the Thematic Mapper and the Multispectral Scanner. The radiometric correction procedure was evaluated quantitatively, using laboratory testing, and qualitatively, via visual examination of the LAPR test flight imagery. Although effective radiometric correction could not yet be demonstrated via laboratory testing, radiometric distortion did not preclude the visual interpretation or parallel piped classification of the test imagery.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-80729
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  • 15
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    U.S., China agree on LANDSAT ground station (1980)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-NEWS-RELEASE-80-14 , P80-10014
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  • 16
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    Space superbubble 1200 light years across (1980)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-NEWS-RELEASE-80-3 , P80-10003
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  • 17
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    Nature of type 1 Supernovae (1980)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The nature of type 1 supernovae (SN 1) is discussed through a comparison of observational evidence and theoretical perspectives relating to both type 1 and 2 supernovae. In particular two hypotheses relating to SN 1 phenomenon are examined: the first proposing that SN 1 are components of binary systems in which, at a comparatively late stage of evolution, overflow of the mass occurs; the second considers pre-SN 1 to be recently evolved stars with a mass greater than 1.4 solar mass (white dwarfs). In addition, an explanation of the reduced frequency of flares of SN 1 in spiral galaxies as related to that in elliptical galaxies is presented.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-76238 , PR-395
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  • 18
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    Studies and proposals on remote sensing programs for the evaluation and management of resources in Latin America (Columbia) (1982)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: A report is given on the situation in regard to diagnostic studies carried out on the use of remote sensing techniques at the regional level, and discussions held at international meetings on this topic. Studies and proposals presented by different organizations are discussed. It is concluded that a consultative body must be established at the regional level.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-76889 , NAS 1.15:76889
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  • 19
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    The evolution of massive stars (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The hypotheses underlying theoretical studies of the evolution of massive model stars with and without mass loss are summarized. The evolutionary tracks followed by the models across theoretical Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagrams are compared with the observed distribution of B stars in an HR diagram. The pulsational properties of models of massive star are also described.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: B Stars With and Without Emission Lines, Parts 1 and 2; p 199-229
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  • 20
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    Relationships between soil moisture-holding properties and soil texture, organic matter content, and bulk density (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Specimens from the surface horizon and the subsoil of 62 soil horizons in Hedmark and Oppland were investigated to study how the mechanical composition of the soil, the organic matter content and the bulk density affect their porosity and air capacity and their total and available water content. Most of the specimens belonged to the loam group, and a smaller number was from sandy and silty types of soil. Equations were established to make it possible to calculate the water retention curves and the amount of available water from the above mentioned parameters. As a rule, errors derived from the equations are no greater than those which are found in similar research in other countries.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-76674
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  • 21
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    Renewable resource applications of remote sensing in the 1980's (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: A number of renewable resource applications in the areas of agriculture, land, and water are summarized; and some of the current and future research efforts designed to enhance the utility of this tool are explored. Programs to incorporate microwave sensors with higher resolutions into the resource planning and management processes are also considered. Particular consideration is given to experience with LACIE and AgRISTARS; the current hydrologic land use, watershed physiography, and snow covered area applications of Landsat; and land cover mapping with MSS technology. Needed improvements are discussed with regard to goals of fundamental research, data acquisition requirements, and data handling and merging with other data sources.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: AAS PAPER 80-236 , Annual Meeting on Space Enhancing Technological Leadership; Oct 20, 1980 - Oct 23, 1980; Boston, MA; US
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  • 22
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    AgRISTARS - Plans and first-year achievements (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The results of the agriculture and resources inventory surveys through aerospace remote sensing (AgRISTARS) program managed by the USDA for exploring the use of satellite data for domestic and global commodity information needs are discussed. The program was intended to gather early warning of changes affecting production and quality of commodities and renewable resources, for predicting commodity production, land use classification and quantification, for inventories and assessments of renewable resources, land productivity measurements, assessment of conservation practices, and for pollution detection and impact evaluation. Up to 20 crop/region combinations in 7 countries were covered by the experiments, which comprised NOAA 6 and Landsat data analyses. Attempts to reduce variances through improved machine classification techniques are reported, together with soil moisture profiling, and the use of airborne sensors for providing comparative data.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium; Jun 08, 1981 - Jun 10, 1981; Washington, DC
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  • 23
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    Earth Resources: A continuing bibliography with indexes, issue 29, April 1981 (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: This bibliography lists 308 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system between January 1, 1981 and March 31, 1981. Emphasis is placed on the use of remote sensing and geophysical instrumentation in spacecraft and aircraft to survey and inventory natural resources and urban areas. Subject matter is grouped according to agriculture and forestry, environmental changes and cultural resources, geodesy and cartography, geology and mineral resources, hydrology and water management, data processing and distribution systems, instrumentation and sensors, and economic analysis.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-SP-7041(29)
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  • 24
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    Earth Resources: A continuing bibliography, issue 28 (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: This bibliography lists 436 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system between October 1, 1980 and December 31, 1980. Emphasis is placed on the use of remote sensing and geophysical instrumentation in spacecraft and aircraft to survey and inventory natural resources and urban areas. Subject matter is grouped according to agriculture and forestry, environmental changes and cultural resources, geodesy and cartography, geology and mineral resources, hydrology and water management, data processing and distribution systems instrumentation and sensors, and economic analysis.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-SP-7041(28)
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  • 25
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    NASA sounding rockets to study eclipse (1980)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-NEWS-RELEASE-80-24 , P80-10023
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  • 26
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    Implementation of space satellite remote sensing programs in developing countries (Ecuador) (1982)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The current state of space satellite remote sensing programs in developing countries is discussed. Sensors being utilized and results obtained are described. Requirements are presented for the research of resources in developing countries. It is recommended that a work procedure be developed for the use of satellite remote sensing data tailored to the necessities of the different countries.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-76890 , NAS 1.15:76890 , Apr 19, 1982 - Apr 23, 1982; Quito
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  • 27
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    Earth Resources: A continuing bibliography with indexes, issue 36 (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: This bibliography lists 576 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information System between October 1 and December 31, 1982. Emphasis is placed on the use of remote sensing and geophysical instrumentation in spacecraft and aircraft to survey and inventory natural resources and urban areas. Subject matter is grouped according to agriculture and forestry, environmental changes and cultural resources, geodesy and cartography, geology and mineral resources, hydrology and water management, data processing and distribution systems, instrumentation and sensors, and economic analysis.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-SP-7041(36) , NAS 1.21:7041(36)
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  • 28
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    Long Periodic Terms in the Solar System (1982)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The long period variations of the first eight planets in the solar system are studied. First, the Lagrangian solution is calculated and then the long period terms with fourth order eccentricities and inclinations are introduced into the perturbation function. A second approximation was made taking into account the short period terms' contribution, namely the perturbations of first order with respect to the masses. Special attention was paid to the determination of the integration constants. The relative importance of the different contributions is shown. It is useless, for example, to introduce the long period terms of fifth order if no account has been taken of the short period terms. Meanwhile, the terms that have been neglected would not introduce large changes in the integration constants. Even so, the calculation should be repeated with higher order short period terms and fifth order long periods.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-76994 , NAS 1.15:76994
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  • 29
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    Earth Resources: A continuing bibliography with indexes, Issue 35 (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: This bibliography list 587 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information System between July 1, and September 30, 1982. Emphasis is placed on the use of remote sensing and geophysical instrumentation in spacecraft and aircraft to survey and inventory natural resources and urban areas. Subject matter is grouped according to agriculture and forestry, environmental changes and cultural resources, geodesy and cartography, geology and mineral resources, hydrology and water management, data processing and distribution systems, instrumentation and sensors, and economic analysis.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-SP-7041(35) , NAS 1.21:7041(35)
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  • 30
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    Land remote sensing activities in the US (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The LANDSAT D system, shuttle imaging radar instruments, the thermal infrared multispectral scanner system, the shuttle multispectral infrared radiometer, and the multispectral linear array program are described. These programs will develop advanced optical and microwave sensor technologies to support a broad spectrum of aircraft, shuttle and free flier missions for research in agriculture, geology, hydrology and geography. A broad based fundamental research effort coupled with the development of improved data acquisition and information extraction techniques is planned to improve fundamental understanding of the remote sensing process and fully exploit its capabilities.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: ESA Satellite Remote Sensing for Developing Countries; p 37-45
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  • 31
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    Earth Resources. A continuing bibliography with indexes, issue 34, July 1982 (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: This bibliography lists 567 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information System between April 1, and June 30, 1982. Emphasis is placed on the use of remote sensing and geophysical instrumentation in spacecraft and aircraft to survey and inventory natural resources and urban areas. Subject matter is grouped according to agriculture and forestry, environmental changes and cultural resources, geodesy and cartography, geology and mineral resources, hydrology and water management, data processing and distribution systems, instrumentation and sensors, and economic analysis.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-SP-7041(34) , NAS 1.21:7041(34)
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  • 32
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    Enhancement of remote sensing through microwave technology (1980)
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: This overview begins with a brief look at remote sensing to date, focusing on the state of the art and the benefits that have been derived from it. Current and future microwave sensing developments are discussed pointing out special advantages and capabilities and noting the anticipated benefits. The frequency requirements of microwave sensing are outlined and the particular need to both allocate, and when necessary, protect active and passive operational sensing frequencies is emphasized.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: ITU Telecommunication Journal; 47; Jan. 198
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  • 33
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    Earth Resources. A continuing bibliography with indexes, issue 25, April 1980 (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The bibliography lists 380 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system between January 1, 1980 and March 31, 1990. Emphasis is placed on the use of remote sensing and geophysical instrumentation in spacecraft and aircraft to survey and inventory natural resources and urban areas. Subject matter is grouped according to agriculture and forestry, environmental changes and cultural resources, geodesy and cartography, geology and mineral resources, hydrology and water management, data processing and distribution systems, instrumentation and sensors, and economic analysis.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-SP-7041(25)
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  • 34
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    Improving our understanding of the remote sensing process (1983)
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Plans for two fundamental research programs aimed at improving an understanding of the physics and mathematics of remote sensing are discussed. The first program, Scene Radiation and Atmospheric Research Program, is concerned with developing the capability to determine biophysical attributes of terrestrial scenes through an improved understanding of the relationships between those properties and remotely sensed radiation. The research issues in the second program, Mathematical Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis, are discussed with reference to the following five categories: preprocessing, digital image representation, object scene inference, computational structures, and continuing studies.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: 1983 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS ''83); Aug 31, 1983 - Sep 02, 1983; San Francisco, CA
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  • 35
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    A potential global soils data base (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: A general procedure is outlined for refining the existing world soil maps from the existing 1:1 million scale to 1:250,000 through the interpretation of Landsat MSS and TM images, and the use of a Geographic Information System to relate the soils maps to available information on climate, topography, geology, and vegetation.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (ISSN 0196-2892); GE-22; 725-727
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  • 36
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    Earth Resources, A Continuing Bibliography with Indexes (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: This bibliography lists 460 reports, articles and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system between July 1 and September 30, 1984. Emphasis is placed on the use of remote sensing and geophysical instrumentation in spacecraft and aircraft to survey and inventory natural resources and urban areas. Subject matter is grouped according to agriculture and forestry, environmental changes and cultural resources, geodesy and cartography, geology and mineral resources, hydrology and water management, data processing and distribution systems, instrumentation and sensors, and economical analysis.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-SP-7041(43) , NAS 1.21:7041(43)
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  • 37
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    Integrated remote sensing of the earth from low earth orbit in the 1990's (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Trends in the areas of science, data systems, instruments and space technologies and their related infrastructures that will be experienced in earth remote sensing activities from LEO in the 1990s are discussed. Interdisciplinary studies will examine the flow of energy through the earth system, encompassing surveys of atmospheric and ocean circulations, the hydrologic cycle, and biogeochemical cycles. Mainframe computer assimilation of large data inputs will be associated with distributed microcomputer processing and analyses. Single satellite antennas will scan several microwave frequencies simultaneously, e.g., taking data on vegetation, water, and ice. Broadening the range of simultaneous observations will require multiinstrumented free-flying platforms, placed in orbit, repaired and/or retrieved by the Shuttle. Future instrumentation will include visible/IR imagers and the multifrequency microwave sounders with capabilities mainly limited by the availability of sufficient data-handling facilities.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
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  • 38
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    Registration accuracy and attitude accuracy (1983)
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Since higher spatial resolution is desired by many applications disciplines coupled with registration in the sub-to-1 pixel range, improved registration accuracy has become necessary. The trend is likely to continue, with image data resolution of 10 meters or less being a routine requirement before the end of this decade. This registration accuracy can only be achieved by the combination of registration and attitude accuracy. This report described the need for improving the attitude accuracy. The relationship between registration accuracy and attitude accuracy is shown, along with criteria for design consideration in establishing adequate attitude accuracy. A precise on-board attitude control system design is essential to provide the attitude accuracy needed to support the subpixel accuracy required for registration of higher resolution images.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
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  • 39
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    Infrared emission from M31 (1984)
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Maps of M31 have been obtained at wavelengths of 12, 25, 60, and 100 microns. Emission is detected from the center and from a ring of 50 arcmin radius. The ring is that also seen in H I, in H II, and in radio continuum radiation. The spectrum of the central emission suggests a hotter dust temperature than in the ring. M31 is a weak infrared source, the radiation measured longward of 12 microns being only 3 percent of its total luminosity. The two closest companion galaxies, M32 and NGC 205, have also been detected.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters to the Editor (ISSN 0004-637X); 278; L59-L62
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  • 40
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    Infrared cirrus - New components of the extended infrared emission (1984)
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Extended sources of far-infrared emission superposed on the zodiacal and galactic backgrounds are found at high galactic latitudes and near the ecliptic plane. Clouds of interstellar dust at color temperatures as high as 35 K account for much of this complex structure, but the relationship to H I column density is not simple. Other features of the extended emission show the existence of warm structures within the solar system. Three bands of dust clouds at temperatures of 150-200 K appear within 10 deg on both sides of the ecliptic plane. Their ecliptic latitudes and derived distances suggest that they are associated with the main asteroid belt. A third component of the 100-micron cirrus, poorly correlated with H I, may represent cold material in the outer solar system or a new component of the interstellar medium.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters to the Editor (ISSN 0004-637X); 278; L19-L22
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  • 41
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    Advanced multispectral remote sensing technology and applications; Proceedings of the Conference, Arlington, VA, May 6, 7, 1982 (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Sensor system concepts are discussed, taking into account a multispectral linear array instrument design, an improved earth resources sensing instrument, design tradeoffs for a multispectral linear array instrument, imaging spectrometer technologies for advanced earth remote sensing, and the design concept for an optimized earth radiation budget sensor. Topics related to supporting optics and signal processing methodologies are explored, giving attention to two mirror objective design for multispectral remote sensing, the measurement of optical modulation functions in sparsely sampled mosaic focal plane arrays, multispectral linear array focal plane signal processing, signal processing for the NASA multispectral linear array, the concept for a multiple resolution pushbroom sensor, and the evolution of the octal radiometer. Techniques and applications for multispectral data are considered along with aspects of focal plane technology.
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  • 42
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    Observations of active chromosphere stars (1983)
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: It is pointed out that spectroscopic signatures of stellar chromospheric activity are readily observable. The present study is concerned with new photometric and spectroscopic observations of active-chromosphere RS CVn, BY Dra, and FK Com stars. Attention is given to the first results of a synoptic monitoring program of many active chromosphere stars. During the time from 1980 to 1982, photometric and spectroscopic observations of 10 known or suspected active-chromosphere objects were made. The results regarding the individual stars are discussed. Seven stars observed with the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) are all spectroscopic binaries.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 275; 691-703
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  • 43
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    The states of Cygnus X-1 (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: HEAO 3 High Resolution Gamma-Ray Spectrometer observations of Cygnus X-1 in the 48-300 keV range, along with correlated 3-6 keV Ariel 5 data, have led to the identification of a new state for this object with low flux in both the soft and hard X-ray regions. This is followed by a slow increase in the hard X-ray flux to the normal low state of the source, characterized by a low intensity soft X-ray emission and a high intensity hard X-ray emission. The new 'superlow' state is interpreted in terms of the Compton model, where the X-ray emission arises from the scattering of low energy photons and one-billion K hot electrons. The superlow state may be seen as one extreme of a continuum of low state behavior, given that Compton cooling should begin to quench the hot electrons at higher soft X-ray fluxes, giving rise to the softer X-ray spectrum and to the anticorrelation in changes in the soft and hard X-ray fluxes.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 275; 307-315
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  • 44
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    Redshifts of high-temperature emission lines in the far-ultraviolet spectra of late-type stars (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: High-dispersion IUE spectra of six late-type stars exhibit small but statistically significant differential redshifts of high-temperature emission lines, like Si IV and C IV, with respect to low-temperature lines like S I and O I. A well-exposed, small-aperture spectrum of the active chromosphere binary Capella (Alpha Aurigae A: G6 II+F9 III) establishes that the high-temperature lines are redshifted in an absolute sense with respect to the accurately determined photospheric velocity of the system at single-line phase 0.50. Several possible explanations for the stellar redshifts are discused, including a warm wind (100,000 K) in which aparent redshifts are produced in optically thick lines by an accelerating outfow, and the downflowing component of a vertical circulation system for which the up-leg portion of the flow is too cool, too hot, or too tenuous to be visible in Si IV and C IV. If the second scenario is true, the stellar redshifts may provide an important phenomenological link to the downflows observed in 100,000 K species over magnetic active regions in the sun.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 274; 801-814
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  • 45
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    An analysis of the effect of biological and physical parameters of a wetlands grass biome on the spectral modeling of phytomass and primary productivity (1984)
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Aircraft simulated thematic mapper data and field data were acquired in the fall and spring to analyze the relationship of spectral response and biomass for the marsh grass Spartina patens. Regression results indicate no simple relationship exists for TMS spectral response and biomass with a high R sq. However, results show a consistent relationship between spectral response and the percent live vegetation (by weight) and percent interstitial standing surface water (by area) as independent variables. It is suggested that the reflected energy of a pixel represents a mixture of surface constituents. It is recommended that alternative remote sensors be employed to account for the pixel constituents of live and dead vegetation, litter, and standing water.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: ESA IGARSS 84. Remote Sensing: From Res. Towards Operational Use, Vol. 1; p 209-216
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  • 46
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    Remote sensing of the marginal ice zone during Marginal Ice Zone Experiment (MIZEX) 83 (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The remote sensing techniques utilized in the Marginal Ice Zone Experiment (MIZEX) to study the physical characteristics and geophysical processes of the Fram Strait Region of the Greenland Sea are described. The studies, which utilized satellites, aircraft, helicopters, and ship and ground-based remote sensors, focused on the use of microwave remote sensors. Results indicate that remote sensors can provide marginal ice zone characteristics which include ice edge and ice boundary locations, ice types and concentration, ice deformation, ice kinematics, gravity waves and swell (in the water and the ice), location of internal wave fields, location of eddies and current boundaries, surface currents and sea surface winds.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: ESA IGARSS 84. Remote Sensing: From Res. towards Operational Use, Vol. 1; p 339-346
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  • 47
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    Earth resources, a continuing bibliography with indexes (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: This bibliography lists 541 reports, articles and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system. Emphasis is placed on the use of remote sensing and geophysical instrumentation in spacecraft and aircraft to survey and inventory natural resources and urban areas. Subject matter is grouped according to agriculture and forestry, environmental changes and cultural resources, geodesy and cartography, geology and mineral resources, hydrology and water management, data processing and distribution systems, instrumentation and sensors, and economic analysis.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-SP-7041(42) , NAS 1.21:7041(42)
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  • 48
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    Earth Resources: A continuing bibliography with indexes (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: This bibliography lists 475 reports, articles and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system between January 1 and March 31, 1984. Emphasis is placed on the use of remote sensing and geophysical instrumentation in spacecraft and aircraft to survey and inventory natural resources and urban areas. Subject matter is grouped according to agriculture and forestry, environmental changes and cultural resources, geodesy and cartography, geology and mineral resources, hydrology and water management, data processing and distribution systems, instrumentation and sensors, and economical analysis.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-SP-7041(41) , NAS 1.21:7041(41)
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  • 49
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    NASA TM processing system description and status (1983)
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: An overview of the processing system for LANDSAT 4 imagery is given. Charts show system requirements; the LANDSAT 4 ground segment with its elements, configurations, and data flow; image generation requirements; and the major functions, interfaces, and hardware of the image generation facility and the image processing systems for the TM and MSS. The laser beam film recorder and the high density digital recorder are covered as well as the data available at EDC.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: LANDSAT Tech. Working Group Proc. of the Fourth Meeting of the LANDSAT Tech. Working Group (LTWG); 32 p
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  • 50
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    Inferences on the Thermodynamic Characteristics of a Star from the Observed Distinctive Radial Sequences of the Distinctive Atmospheric Regions Comprising that Stellar Atmosphere (1983)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The implications of observational findings on atmospheric and subatmospheric taxonomy, diagnostics, and modeling are explored. The correlations between distinctive radial sequences in stellar atmospheres and the thermodynamic properties of the stars in which they appear are discussed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Stellar Atmospheric Struct. Patterns; p 333-349
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  • 51
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    Observed Distinctive Radial Sequences of the Distinctive Atmospheric Regions Comprising Stellar Atmospheres (1983)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Gross distinctive radial sequences of stellar atmospheric regions are identified and characterized observationally and thermodynamically. Sequences which include quasi-thermal photospheres, ejected shell photospheres, and spherically pulsating photospheres are discussed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Stellar Atmospheric Struct. Patterns; p 323-331
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  • 52
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    Speculative-theoretical Modeling of the Atmosphere Enveloping a Hypothetical (closed, Thermal) Star (1983)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The predictions of theoretical stellar atmospheric structural modeling and the theoretical picture of the local stellar environment as derived from the speculation that stars are (closed, thermal) thermodynamic systems, are summarized. The definition and representation of space- and state-fluxes is discussed and both classical (local thermodynamic equilibrium) and neoclassical (non-local thermodynamic equilibrium) thermal models are addressed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Stellar Atmospheric Struct. Patterns; p 19-113
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  • 53
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    Characteristics of Distinctive Regions Comprising Stellar Atmospheres (1983)
    In:  CASI
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    Description: Empirically identified atmospheric regions whose existence and properties generally have no classical-theoretical basis are discussed. The quasi-thermal photosphere, chromosphere, lower corona, upper corona, non-decelerated post corona, decelerated post corona, and the H sub alpha emission envelope are defined. The observational phenomena, thermodynamic mechanisms, and diagnostic aspects associated with each of the atmospheric layers are described.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Stellar Atmospheric Struct. Patterns; p 279-322
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  • 54
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    Earth Resources: A continuing bibliography with indexes, issue 40 (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: This bibliography lists 423 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system between October 1 and December 31, 1983. Emphasis is placed on the use of remote sensing and geophysical instrumentation in spacecraft and aircraft to survey and inventory natural resources and urban areas. Subject matter is grouped according to agriculture and forestry, environmental changes and cultural resources, geodesy and cartography, geology and mineral resources, hydrology and water management, data processing and distribution systems, instrumentation and sensors, and economical analysis.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-SP-7041(40) , NAS 1.21:7041(40)
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  • 55
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    Current trends and research challenges in land remote sensing (1983)
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    Description: The use of space technology to conduct repetitive global surveys of terrestrial surface conditions is reviewed. The state-of-the-art is determined by the measurement capabilities of orbital sensor systems, the maneuvering and data transmission capabilities of orbital platforms, and the sophistication of the user community. Introduction of the Landsat Thematic Mapper and SPOT sensor systems and operational use of the Space Shuttle are discussed. Research challenges of the 1980's are related to the removal of atmospheric and topographic effects in remotely sensed imagery, the extraction of information from high dimensionality data sets, and the ability to conduct meaningful ground truth surveys to support the analysis and interpretation of remotely sensed data.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: ESA Remote Sensing: New Satellite Systems and Potential Appl.; p 3-10
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  • 56
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    NASA/NOAA implementation of the USAID-sponsored satellite ground station and data processing facility for Bangladesh (1983)
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: A description is given of a project to transfer multiple environmental satellite data reception, processing, and interpretation capabilities from the U.S. to Bangladesh. The goal of the project is to improve the management of resources related primarily to agriculture, water development, forestry, and fisheries. It is also hoped to improve the existing cyclone/storm surge warning system. An account is given of the interagency and international cooperation underlying the project. The remote-sensing installation in Dhaka, Bangladesh, is described, and the most likely system applications are summarized. Attention is also given to the special requirements concerning this type of technology transfer, and an assessment is made of the project's practical value to Bangladesh.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: IAF PAPER 83-127
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  • 57
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    The NASA Radar Remote Sensing Program (1982)
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    Description: The NASA radar remote sensing program is structured to conduct scientific research for earth and planetary exploration using the microwave spectrum. The program began in 1966 and has since developed a complement of radar sensors for satellite, aircraft and ground-based platforms which have been used in both land and oceanic research. Basic measurements of radar scattering coefficient signatures are carried out with airborne and ground-based scatterometers. SAR imagery is being used for geological, hydrological, geographical, and agricultural microwave remote sensing research. For oceanic investigations, altimeters are used for ocean topography experiments and scatterometers for ocean wind and current research. Future satellite radar instruments being proposed include SIR-B, SAMEX, FIREX, TOPEX and a Scatterometer Experiment.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: 1982 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium; Jun 01, 1982 - Jun 04, 1982; Munich
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  • 58
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    Gamma Ray Astrophysics: New insight into the universe (1981)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Gamma ray observations of the solar system, the galaxy and extragalactic radiation are reported. Topics include: planets, comets, and asteroids; solar observations; interstellar medium and galactic structure; compact objects; cosmology; and diffuse radiation. The instrumentation used in gamma ray astronomy in covered along with techniques for the analysis of observational spectra.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-SP-453 , NAS 1.21:453 , LC-81-600116
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  • 59
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    Satellite Earth resources data, module U-3 (1980)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Satellite data image products potentially useful in solving Earth resource and environmental problems are described. Sources for satellite data and user information are given. Recommendations for suitability of use of data from each satellite are presented. Satellite sources of Earth resources data are summarized for satellites launched since 1965 and those projected for launch through the late 1980s. The sensors of interest on each satellite, the wavelength or frequency of operation, and the resolution are given. Color ranges are illustrated and compared. The form and utility of aircraft and LANDSAT images are compared. Data from the Gemini-Apollo photography, Skylab, meteorological satellites, the Heat Capacity Mapping Mission, the Coastal Zone Color Scanner, Seasat, LANDSAT, and projected future satellites are briefly described.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E82-10035 , NASA-TM-84130
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  • 60
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    The LANDSAT story: Module U-2 (1980)
    In:  CASI
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    Description: A review of the various LANDSAT program elements which are relevant to user participation is provided. Sources for additional information and assistance where potential users may acquire more details and further guidance in using LANDSAT data are identified. The multispectral imagery capability of the LANDSAT satellites is emphasized.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E82-10164 , NASA-TM-84151 , NAS 1.15:84151
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  • 61
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    The A-stars: Problems and perspectives. Monograph series on nonthermal phenomena in stellar atmospheres (1983)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Normal A type stars, nonradiative heating in A type stars, magnetic Ap stars. The Am stars, the delta Scu stars, A supergiants, peculiar B type stars, and model atmospheres are addressed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-SP-463 , NAS 1.21:463 , LC-83-061448
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  • 62
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    Deepening perspective: A new look at the old world (1980)
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    Description: The development space satellites is examined with particular reference to their contributions to scientific research. The accomplishments in the fields of geodesy and the magnetosphere are reviewed in some detail.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Beyond the Atmosphere: Early Years of Space Sci.; p 172-200
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  • 63
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    Earth Resources: a continuing bibliography with indexes (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: This bibliography lists 337 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system between July 31, 1980 and September 30, 1980. Emphasis is placed on the use of remote sensing and geophysical instrumentation in spacecraft and aircraft to survey and inventory natural resources and urban areas. Subject matter is grouped according to agriculture and forestry, environmental changes and cultural resources, geodesy and cartography, geology and mineral resources, hydrology and water management, data processing and distribution systems, instrumentation and sensors, and economic analysis.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-SP-7041(27)
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  • 64
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    Plan of research for integrated soil moisture studies. Recommendations of the Soil Moisture Working Group (1980)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Soil moisture information is a potentially powerful tool for applications in agriculture, water resources, and climate. At present, it is difficult for users of this information to clearly define their needs in terms of accuracy, resolution and frequency because of the current sparsity of data. A plan is described for defining and conducting an integrated and coordinated research effort to develop and refine remote sensing techniques which will determine spatial and temporal variations of soil moisture and to utilize soil moisture information in support of agricultural, water resources, and climate applications. The soil moisture requirements of these three different application areas were reviewed in relation to each other so that one plan covering the three areas could be formulated. Four subgroups were established to write and compile the plan, namely models, ground-based studies, aircraft experiments, and spacecraft missions.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-84731 , NAS 1.15:84731
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  • 65
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    Earth Resources: A continuing bibliography (issue 32) (1982)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: This bibliography list 580 reports, articles and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system. Emphasis is placed on the use of remote sensing and geophysical instrumentation in spacecraft and aircraft to survey and inventory natural resources and urban areas. Subject matter is grouped according to agriculture and forestry, environmental changes and cultural resources, geodesy and cartography, geology and mineral resources, hydrology and water management, data processing and distribution systems, instrumentation and sensors, and economic analysis.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-SP-7041(32) , NAS 1.21:7041(32)
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    Gradio: Project proposal for satellite gradiometry (1981)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: A gradiometric approach, rather than the more complicated satellite to satellite tracking, is proposed for studying anomalies in the gravitational fields of the Earth and, possibly, other telluric bodies. The first analyses of a gradiometer based on four of ONERA's CACTUS or SUPERCACTUS accelerometers are summarized. it is shown that the obstacles to achieving the required accuracy are not insuperable. The device will be carried in a 1000 kg lens shaped satellite in a heliosynchronous orbit 200 to 300 km in altitude. The first launching is planned for the end of 1987.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-76796 , NAS 1.15:76796
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    NASA water resources/hydrology remote sensing program in the 1980's (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Annual William T. Pecora Memorial Symposium on Remote Sensing; Jun 10, 1979 - Jun 15, 1979; Sioux Falls, SD
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  • 68
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    Earth Resources: A continuing bibliography with indexes (1983)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: This bibliography lists 623 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system between April 1 and June 30, 1983. Emphasis is placed on the use of remote sensing and geophysical instrumentation in spacecraft and aircraft to survey and inventory natural resources and urban areas. Subject matter is grouped according to agriculture and forestry, environmental changes and cultural resources, geodesy and cartography, geology and mineral resources, hydrology and water management, data processing and distribution systems, instrumentation and sensors, and economic analysis.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-SP-7041(38) , NAS 1.12/7:7041(38) , NAS 1.21:7041(38)
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  • 69
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    Earth Resources: A continuing bibliography with indexes (Issue 37) (1983)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: This bibliography lists 512 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system between January 1 and March 31, 1983. Emphasis is placed on the use of remote sensing and geophysical instrumentation in spacecraft and aircraft to survey and inventory natural resources and urban areas. Subject matter is grouped according to agriculture and forestry, environmental changes and cultural resources, geodesy and cartography, geology and mineral resources, hydrology and water management, data processing and distribution systems, instrumentation and sensors, and economic analysis.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-SP-7041(37) , NAS 1.21:7041(37)
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  • 70
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    Interpretation of satellite images of the Republic of Niger (1981)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Interpretations of LANDSAT pictures were carried out for an area located in the west of the Niger Republic in the geological, hydrogeological and pedological sectors. Checking of the extent of vegetation and use of the soils and effects of desertification for the purpose of yearly map making was carried out. The proposed control of land use may be optimized by the direct reception of LANDSAT data by the receiving station planned for Ouagadougou. Since that station will not be operating before 1983, the establishment of a mobile reception station in the Republic of Niger to enable the installation of the required control system is advised.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-76476 , BMZ-7521373
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  • 71
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    Research and technology: Report, FY 1982 (1983)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Sensor systems, data analysis programs, agriculture and resources inventory survey through aerospace remote sensing (AgRISTARS), applied research and data analysis, joint research project, and testing and evaluation are reported.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-85175 , NAS 1.15:85175
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  • 72
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    Radial velocity study of four southern RS CVn candidates and related field stars (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Radial velocity variations are demonstrated for four southern RS CVn candidates: HD 39937, 101379, 155555, and 174429. The period of HD 155555 appears to have decreased by about one part in 100,000 over the past 18 yr. In addition, high-resolution observations of the Ca II H and K profiles and the Mg II 2800-A emission doublet are presented. These enhance the likelihood of these being RS CVn objects. Radial velocity data for 15 other late-type bright field stars are presented. Some of these were observed by Copernicus and may exhibit unusual chromospheres, while the rest lack radial velocity information as tabulated in the Bright Star Catalog. All velocity measures have been corrected to the IAU heliocentric system.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astronomical Journal; 85; July 198
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  • 73
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    Private sector involvement in civil space remote sensing. Volume 2: Appendices (1980)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The U.S. Space Policy concerning the investment and direct participation in the establishment and operations of remote sensing systems is addressed. Private sector views and state and local government views are presented. Results of a market analysis are pregiven and the economic feasibility of such a program is considered.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-82207
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  • 74
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    Raduga experiment: Multizonal photographing the Earth from the Soyuz-22 spacecraft (1980)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The main results of the scientific research and 'Raduga' experiment are reported. Technical parameters are presented for the MKF-6 camera and the MSP-4 projector. Characteristics of the obtained materials and certain results of their processing are reported.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-76234 , D-254
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  • 75
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    New method for determining the distances to certain extragalactic radio sources (1980)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The structural evolution of variable radio sources is examined in the Hedgehog model. It is shown that the time evolution of the angular separation of two components is described by the ellipse equation.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-76209 , PR-325
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  • 76
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    Program for integrating multizonal photographs of the Earth, taken by MKF-6 camera, in a computer (1980)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: An algorithm and program are described, for integrating up to 6 simultaneously exposed photographs in different spectral ranges of the surface of the Earth, taken by MKF-6 cameras aboard Soyuz-22. Three of the reference marks are identified on 1 photograph and then are used to integrate the other photographs with the first. The program was compiled for the ES-1040 computer, as a standard subprogram in a system for computer processing of data of study of the Earth from space.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-75701 , PR-323
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  • 77
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    Findings of the OPIT study in America (1980)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The results of operational applications of American satellite remote sensing are presented. The application of data from satellites such as LANDSAT in European conditions is evaluated.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-76106 , REPT-79/1564-29
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  • 78
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    Earth resources. A continuing bibliography with indexes, issue 24 (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: This bibliography lists 345 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system between October 1, 1979 and December 31, 1979. Emphasis is placed on the use of remote sensing and geophysical instrumentation in spacecraft and aircraft to survey and inventory natural resources and urban areas. Subject matter is grouped according to agriculture and forestry, environmental changes and cultural resources, geodesy and cartography, geology and mineral resources, hydrology and water management, data processing and distribution systems, instrumentation and sensors, and economic analysis.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-SP-7041(24)
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  • 79
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    Observation of the Earth by radar (1982)
    In:  CASI
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    Description: Techniques and applications of radar observation from Earth satellites are discussed. Images processing and analysis of these images are discussed. Also discussed is radar imaging from aircraft. Uses of this data include ocean wave analysis, surface water evaluation, and topographic analysis.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-76830 , NAS 1.15:76830
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  • 80
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    Earth resources: A continuing bibliography (issue 26) (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: This bibliography lists 480 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system between April 1, 1980 and June 30, 1980. Emphasis is placed on the use of remote sensing and geophysical instrumentation in spacecraft and aircraft to survey and inventory natural resources and urban areas. Subject matter is grouped according to agriculture and forestry, environmental changes and cultural resources, geodesy and cartography, geology and mineral resources, hydrology and water management, data processing and distribution systems, instrumentation and sensors, and economic analysis.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-SP-7041(26)
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  • 81
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    A description of a system of programs for mathematically processing on unified series (YeS) computers photographic images of the Earth taken from spacecraft (1980)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: A description of a batch of programs for the YeS-1040 computer combined into an automated system for processing photo (and video) images of the Earth's surface, taken from spacecraft, is presented. Individual programs with the detailed discussion of the algorithmic and programmatic facilities needed by the user are presented. The basic principles for assembling the system, and the control programs are included. The exchange format within whose framework the cataloging of any programs recommended for the system of processing will be activated in the future is displayed.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-76208 , PR-336
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  • 82
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    Description of texts of auxiliary programs for processing video information. Part 2: SUODH program of automated separation of quasihomogeneous formations (1980)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: The algorithm, block diagram, complete text, and instructions are given for the use of a computer program to separate formations whose spectral characteristics are constant on the average. The initial material for operating the computer program presented is video information in a standard color-superposition format.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-76239 , PR-397
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  • 83
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    Thematic mapper data analysis (1983)
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    Description: The geological applications of remote sensing technology are discussed, with emphasis given to the analysis of data from the Thematic Mapper (TM) instrument onboard the Landsat 4 satellite. The flight history and design characteristics of the Landsat 4/TM are reviewed, and some difficulties endountered in the interpretation of raw TM data are discussed, including: the volume of data; residual noise; detector-to-detector striping; and spatial misregistration between measurements. Preliminary results of several geological, lithological, geobotanical mapping experiments are presented as examples of the geological applications of the TM, and some areas for improving the guality of TM imagery are identified.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Frontiers for geological remote sensing from space; Geosat Workshop; Jun 12, 1983 - Jun 17, 1983; Flagstaff, AZ
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  • 84
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    Technology transfer program: Perspective (1981)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: Most of NASA's technology transfer activities are in the area of land use (development, suitability, and planning); forestry (including wildlife and range and vegetation inventories) agriculture related activities; and water resources. The technology dissemination function is exercised through three regional applications centers which are involved in 91 applications projects within 22 states. In addition there are approximately eight application system verification transfer (ASVT) projects, 21 university applications branches, institutionalized liason activities with public interest groups, and user requirements activities. As the result of budget cuts, the ASVT and user requirements and awareness programs are to be phased out at the end of FY81. The university applications programs are to be phased down and terminated by 1985. NASA will continue to work with the user more in an R & D and an applications development capacity, and not in a national scale or administrative way.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Ames Research Center Western Reg. Remote Sensing Conf. Proc. 1981; p 8-12
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  • 85
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    The NASA land processes program - Status and future directions (1984)
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: For most of the past decade, NASA focused its efforts on the immediate exploitation of space-based sensors in earth-oriented programs. After an assessment of the current situation with respect to the conducted programs, NASA has restructured its earth-oriented programs to concentrate on the scientific use of its satellites while other agencies and private enterprise have assumed responsibility for programs of interest to them. In making this change of direction, NASA has conducted a series of studies to obtain information as a basis for its planning activities regarding future programs. Attention is given to a plan for Land Global Habitability, the development of a basic structure for the land program, a program plan for global biology, and a study on the role of biochemical cycles. The three major facets of the land processes program are discussed along with some examples of current work.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Machine processing of remotely sensed data: Thematic Mapper data and geographic information systems; Jun 12, 1984 - Jun 14, 1984; West Lafayette, IN
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  • 86
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    Earth remote sensing - 1970-1995 (1984)
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    Description: The past-achievements, current status, and future prospects of the Landsat terrestrial-remote-sensing satellite program are surveyed. Topics examined include the early history of space flight; the development of analysis techniques to interpret the multispectral images obtained by Landsats 1, 2, and 3; the characteristics of the advanced Landsat-4 Thematic Mapper; microwave scanning by Seasat and the Shuttle Imaging Radar; the usefulness of low-resolution AVHRR data from the NOAA satellites; improvements in Landsats 4 and 5 to permit tailoring of information to user needs; expansion and internationalization of the remote-sensing market in the late 1980s; and technological advances in both instrumentation and data-processing predicted by the 1990s.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment; May 09, 1983 - May 13, 1983; Ann Arbor, MI
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  • 87
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    Satellite detection of oil on the marine surface (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: The ability of two widely dissimilar spaceborne imaging sensors to detect surface oil accumulations in the marine environment has been evaluated using broadly different techniques. Digital Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS) data consisting of two visible and two near infrared channels has been processed to enhance contrast between areas of known oil coverage and background clean surface water. These enhanced images have then been compared to surface verification data gathered by aerial reconnaissance during the October 15, 1975, Landsat overpass. A similar evaluation of oil slick imaging potential has been made for digitally enhanced Seasat-A synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data from July 18, 1979. Due to the premature failure of this satellite, however, no concurrent surface verification data were collected. As a substitute, oil slick configuration information has been generated for the comparison using meteorological and oceanographic data. The test site utilized in both studies was the extensive area of natural seepage located off Coal Oil Point, adjacent to the University of California, Santa Barbara.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Annual William T. Pecora Memorial Symposium on Remote Sensing; Jun 10, 1979 - Jun 15, 1979; Sioux Falls, SD
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  • 88
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    Sources for LANDSAT assistance and services. Module U-5 (1980)
    In:  CASI
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    Description: Directories of academic and commercial sources to assist the potential users of LANDSAT data and products are presented. In addition, points of contact for federal and state agencies are provided.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-80936
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  • 89
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    Understanding global changes on the land - A potential focus for NASA earth sciences and land remote sensing (1983)
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    Description: Planned NASA contributions to the study of the interaction of living organisms with their physical and chemical environments are discussed. Five major land-related research objectives are stated and the role of remote sensing in achieving them is addressed. The importance of improved sensors and cooperation with domestic and international organizations is stressed.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: 1983 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS ''83); Aug 31, 1983 - Sep 02, 1983; San Francisco, CA
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  • 90
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    Ice sheet margins and ice shelves (1984)
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    Description: The effect of climate warming on the size of ice sheet margins in polar regions is considered. Particular attention is given to the possibility of a rapid response to warming on the order of tens to hundreds of years. It is found that the early response of the polar regions to climate warming would be an increase in the area of summer melt on the ice sheets and ice shelves. For sufficiently large warming (5-10C) the delayed effects would include the breakup of the ice shelves by an increase in ice drainage rates, particularly from the ice sheets. On the basis of published data for periodic changes in the thickness and melting rates of the marine ice sheets and fjord glaciers in Greenland and Antarctica, it is shown that the rate of retreat (or advance) of an ice sheet is primarily determined by: bedrock topography; the basal conditions of the grounded ice sheet; and the ice shelf condition downstream of the grounding line. A program of satellite and ground measurements to monitor the state of ice sheet equilibrium is recommended.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
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  • 91
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    Workshop on the Use of Future Multispectral Imaging Capabilities for Lithologic Mapping: Workshop summary (1982)
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    Description: Improved orbital imaging capabilities from the standpoint of different scientific disciplines, such as geology, botany, hydrology, and geography were evaluated. A discussion on how geologists might exploit the anticipated measurement capabilities of future orbital imaging systems to discriminate and characterize different types of geologic materials exposed at the Earth's surface is presented. Principle objectives are to summarize past accomplishments in the use of multispectral imaging techniques for lithologic mapping; to identify critical gaps in earlier research efforts that currently limit the ability to extract useful information about the physical and chemical characteristics of geological materials from orbital multispectral surveys; and to define major thresholds, resolution and sensitivity within the visible and infrared portions of the electromagnetic spectrum which, if achieved would result in significant improvement in our ability to discriminate and characterize different geological materials exposed at the Earth's surface.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The Spectral Imaging Sci. Working Group, Vol. 2; p 207-228
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  • 92
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    Changes in the ultraviolet spectrum of EG Andromedae (1984)
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: Ultraviolet observations of EG Andromedae, a symbiotic star, are reported which clearly show pronounced eclipse-like effects on the high-temperature far-UV continuum. Continuum and emission-line variations with phase are reported and related to synoptic hydrogen alpha data. System parameters are characterized.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters to the Editor (ISSN 0004-637X); 281; L75-L77
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  • 93
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    Floodplain management applications of Landsat data for the upper Mississippi River basin (1982)
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    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
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  • 94
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    Observations of two peculiar emission objects in the Large Magellanic Cloud (1983)
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: Ultraviolet and visual wavelength spectra were obtained of two peculiar emission objects, Henize S63 and Sanduleak's star in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Previously not observed in the near- or far-ultraviolet, both objects exhibit strong permitted and semiforbidden line emissions. Estimates based on the absolute continuum flux of the hot companion star in Hen S63 indicate that it rivals the luminosity of the carbon star primary. The emission-line profile structure in both objects does not suggest Wolf-Rayet type emission. Carbon in Sanduleak's star (LMC anonymous) is conspicuously absent, while N V, semiforbidden N IV, and semiforbidden N III dominate the UV emission-line spectrum. Nitrogen is overabundant with respect to carbon and oxygen in both objects. The large overabundance of nitrogen in Sanduleak's star suggests evidence for CNO processes material similar to that seen in Nu Car.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 275; 584-591
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  • 95
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    Evidence for a warm wind from the red star in symbiotic binaries (1983)
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: A systematic redshift of the high ionization resonance emission lines with respect to the intercombination lines is found from an examination of the ultraviolet spectra of symbiotic stars obtained with IUE. After consideration of other possibilities, this is most probably explained by photon scattering in an expanding envelope optically thick to the resonance lines. Line formation in a wind, or at the base of a wind is therefore suggested. Reasons are also given indicating line formation of the most ionized species in a region with an electron temperature of the order of 100,000 K, probably around the cool star. The behavior of the emission line width with ionization energy seems to support this model. The cool components of symbiotic stars appear to differ from normal red giants, which do not have winds of this temperature. An explanation in terms of a higher rotation velocity due to the binary nature of these stars is suggested.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astronomy and Astrophysics (ISSN 0004-6361); 126; 2, Oc
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  • 96
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    Stellar atmospheric structural patterns (1983)
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    Description: The thermodynamics of stellar atmospheres is discussed. Particular attention is given to the relation between theoretical modeling and empirical evidence. The characteristics of distinctive atmospheric regions and their radical structures are discussed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-SP-471 , NAS 1.21:471 , LC-83-20242
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  • 97
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    Empirical-theoretical Survey of the Variety of Peculiarities and Anomalies in the Atmospheres Enveloping Actual Stars (1983)
    In:  CASI
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    Description: Phenomena observed in actual stellar atmospheres which contradict the speculative, standard thermal atmospheric model are discussed. Examples of stellar variability, emission line peculiarity, symbiotic stars and phenomena, extended atmosphere stars, superionization, and superthermic velocity are examined.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Stellar Atmospheric Struct. Patterns; p 115-264
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  • 98
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    The narrow ultraviolet emission lines of the red dwarf Au Microscopii (dM1.6e) (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: It is pointed out that the red dwarfs are the smallest, coolest, faintest, least massive, but most common of normal main-sequence stars. The dMe (H-alpha emission) subclass of the red dwarfs exhibits the largest median soft X-ray to bolometric luminosity ratio of any group of late-type stars. In connection with the present investigation, attention is given to the first high-dispersion spectra of the chromospheric (6000 K) and higher temperature (up to 100,000 K) emissions of a dMe star, AU Microscopii in the far-ultraviolet (1150-2000 A) and middle-ultraviolet (2000-3000 A) bands accessible to the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE). AU Mic is one of the most luminous of lower main-sequence stars in C IV and soft X-ray emission.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters to the Editor (ISSN 0004-637X); 270; July 1
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  • 99
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    Geology team (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: Evaluating of the combined utility of narrowband and multispectral imaging in both the infrared and visible for the lithologic identification of geologic materials, and of the combined utility of multispectral imaging in the visible and infrared for lithologic mapping on a global bases are near term recommendations for future imaging capabilities. Long term recommendations include laboratory research into methods of field sampling and theoretical models of microscale mixing. The utility of improved spatial and spectral resolutions and radiometric sensitivity is also suggested for the long term. Geobotanical remote sensing research should be conducted to (1) separate geological and botanical spectral signatures in individual picture elements; (2) study geobotanical correlations that more fully simulate natural conditions; and use test sites designed to test specific geobotanical hypotheses.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The Multispectral Imaging Science Working Group, Vol. 3; 7 p
    Format: application/pdf
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    LANDSAT-D project ADDS/LAS. Scrounge interface control document (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: The content and format of all data to be exchanged between the Applications Developmental data System (ADDS) and the LANDSAT-D Assessment System (LAS) for satisfaction of early access thematic mapper product generation requirements is specified. The ADDS provides partially processed TM data tapes on CCT's. The LANDSAT-D Assessment System processes the TM data to fully processed data tapes on 6250 bpi computer compatible tapes and provides required film data products.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E83-10230 , NASA-TM-85268 , NAS 1.15:85268
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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