ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Articles  (44)
  • agroforestry  (44)
  • 1985-1989  (44)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (43)
  • Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering  (1)
  • Economics
  • Geosciences
Collection
  • Articles  (44)
Source
Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
Topic
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (43)
  • Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering  (1)
  • Economics
  • Geosciences
  • Ethnic Sciences  (1)
    • +
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Forest villages: an agroforestry approach to rehabilitating forest land degraded by shifting cultivation in Thailand (1985)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 2 (1985), S. 87-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: Thailand ; forest villages ; shifting cultivation ; agroforestry ; home garden ; reforestation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The Forest village scheme was introduced by the Forest Industries Organisation (FIO) of Thailand in 1967 as an attempt to stop further spread of the fast increasing shifting cultivation and deforestation in the country. The underlying princple of the scheme is to relate reforestation with social welfare of the people involved. It is essentially a modification of the traditional taungya method of plantation establishment. The salient aspect of the scheme is to induce the shifting cultivators to settle down in villages where each family is given tenure over a plot of land to construct a house and develop a homegarden around it. The farmers are required to help establish and maintain forest plantations, in which they are permitted to raise agricultural crops during the first three years of its establishment. The farmers are also given free medical and educational facilities, and technical advice on crop and livestock husbandry. They can also earn cash rewards for successful plantation establishment. Although the scheme has not achieved its full target in terms of area covered and number of families settled, it is proving to be a successful method of luring people away from destructive shifting cultivation. The approach is applicable to other countries and regions with similar land-use problems and socio-cultural background. The paper also examines the constraints to the effective working of the scheme, provides some simple suggestions for improving its functioning and identies some of the issues that can easily be tackled by research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00131268
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temporal analysis of agroforestry systems for rural development (1985)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 2 (1985), S. 165-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: rural development ; temporal analysis ; time horizon ; agroforestry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Temporal analysis is introduced as a method to assess the suitability of agroforestry projects for meeting rural development objectives. This form of analysis provides a common base for examining social, economic, ecological, and managerial aspects of agroforestry systems. Temporal analysis begins by describing projects and the activities comprising them for both an agroforestry system and the local population. Factors constraining the sequence of activities are then examined. The assumptions and values regarding the past, present, or future are also analyzed for all groups involved in the agroforestry system. The range of goal oriented behavior affecting scale and duration of projects may be dependent on this time horizon. By understanding these factors, the changes in activities of a social system that may result from a proposed agroforstry innovation can be anticipated. The nature of these changes and their perception by the local population can be evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00147031
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The tree tenure factor in agroforestry with particular reference to Africa (1985)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 2 (1985), S. 229-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: agroforestry ; tree tenure ; Africa ; social science
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Resumen Los derechos sobre los arboles muchas veces son distintos a los derechos sobre la tierra. La propiedad del arbol consiste en un lote o derechos sobre arboles y sus productos que pueden ser mantenidos por distintas personas en distintos tiempos. Estos derechos incluyen el derecho a poseer o heredar arboles, el derecho a plantar arboles, el derecho a usar arboles y los productos arboreos, el derecho a disponer de los arboles y el derecho a excluir a otros del uso de los arboles y los productos arboreos. Se incluyen en los factores que afectan quienes tienen determinados derechos la naturaleza de los arboles, la naturaleza de su uso y la naturaleza dela persona o grupo. Terratenientes y plantadores de arboles tienden a tener ventajas en terminos de sus derechos sobre los arboles. Aquellos con derechos temporales y en algunos casos las mujeres tienden a estar en desventaja. Aqui se discute la problematica de las implicancias de la tenencia de los arboles para el diseno de proyectos silvo-agropecuarios.
    Notes: Abstract Rights over trees are often distinct from rights over land. Tree tenure consists of a bundle of rights over trees and their produce which may be held by different people at different times. These rights include the right to own or inherit trees, the right to plant trees, the right to use trees and tree products, the right to dispose of trees and the right to exclude others from the use of trees and tree products. Factors affecting who had rights include the nature of the tree, the nature of the use and the nature of the person or group. Landowners and tree plants tend to be relatively advantaged in terms of their rights to trees. Those with temporary claims to the land and, in some case, women, tend to be disadvantaged. The implications of tree tenure issues for the design of agroforestry projects are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00147036
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Traditional agroforestry, parcel management, and social forestry development in a pioneer agricultural community: the case of Jala-jala, Rizal, Philippines (1985)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 3 (1985), S. 317-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: agroforestry ; social forestry ; hillside agriculture ; farm management ; farm fragmentation ; rapid rural appraisal ; Philippines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract This paper overviews a variety of traditional agroforestry systems found in a small community of Filipino migrant farmers. Background information provides context, and then case studies of seven farmers are offered to illustrate the functions which their agroforestries fulfill in a situation of parcellization of farm-holdings into both level and sloping fields. The implications of the brief portraits presented for further research and development and for the acceptability of a social forestry program now going on in the community are suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00055715
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Agroforestry in the arid zones of India (1987)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 5 (1987), S. 69-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: agrisilviculture ; agroforestry ; arid lands ; ‘Khejri’ (Prosopis cineraria) ; sand dune stabilization ; shelterbelts ; silvopastoral systems ; Zizyphus Mauritiana (‘Ber’)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The arid regions of India cover over 300,000 km2 and are spread over six States, mostly in the northwestern parts of the country. In spite of the hostile environmental conditions, several indigenous agroforestry practices are being practised in this region. The Central Arid Zone Research Institute (CAZRI) has made considerable progress in improving these indigenous practices and also developing new land use technologies some of which involve agroforestry approaches. Notable among these include sand-dune stabilization, shelterbelt plantations, tree planting techniques in difficult land forms, silvopastoral and agrisilvicultural systems, introduction and improvement of fruit trees and other indigenous trees, etc. Some of these technologies are adopted on a large scale by farmers in the arid zone of India, and have attracted international attention in other arid parts of the world. This paper is a summary of the results of these agroforestry initiatives of CAZRI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00046414
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shortened bush fallow rotations with relay-cropped Inga edulis and Desmodium ovalifolium in wet central Amazonian Peru (1989)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 8 (1989), S. 173-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: bush fallow ; agroforestry ; Inga edulis ; Desmodium ovalifolium ; shifting cultivation ; wet tropics ; sustainable system ; maize ; cassava ; plantain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In the Palcazu Valley alluvial Inceptisols are relay-cropped with maize-cassavaplantain in rotation with 2–5 years of tree fallow. These lands, of limited extent, yet important for Yanesha Indian subsistence production, are being cropped even more intensively as population increases and land is converted to other uses. The relay-planting of the tree-thicket combination Inga edulis with Desmodium ovalifolium into the on-farm crop sequence was evaluated as a means to accelerate fallow recovery and thereby shorten fallow rotations. Three experiments with Inga/Desmodium planted with cassava-plantain and one with rice under different weeding regimes after a Desmodium fallow were conducted. Inga and Desmodium were not chopped back or pruned during these experiments. Desmodium/Inga suppressed herbaceous weeds from one year after planting. Desmodium/Inga accumulated more woody biomass than natural fallows. Cassava yields were unaffected by the presence of Desmodium/Inga, while plantain yields were greater under Desmodium/Inga compared to natural weeds. Desmodium/Inga, while promising for shortening fallow rotations, demonstrated potential difficulties: increased labor for establishment, tendency of Desmodium to weediness in later crop cycles, and suppression of the natural regeneration of trees and shrubs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00123120
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Productivity, soil fertility and soil erosion under cassava based agroforestry systems (1989)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 8 (1989), S. 67-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: Cassava ; soil fertility ; soil erosion ; agroforestry ; multiple cropping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The interactions between component species in three-tier agroforestry systems were studied on sloping laterite soils of South India for three years. The wood yield of Eucalyptus was found to increase in association with the intercrops, with cassava + groundnut resulting in the best growth of Eucalyptus. Green forage yield of Leucaena was adversely affected by cassava but was improved by inclusion of a short duration seasonal crop. Both spread and mean length of lateral roots of Eucalyptus and Leucaena were restricted by cassava intercropping. Both the tree species were found to reduce the tuber yield of cassava and also the pod yield of both the seasonal crops when grown in association. Monocropping with cassava was found to improve the fertility and an increase in phosphorus and potassium contents of the soil was observed when grown in association with Eucalyptus and Leucaena. Soil fertility fell considerably after three years of cultivation of the tree species. The nutrient uptake by cassava was low when grown in association with perennial species. Both run off and soil loss were effectively reduced when cassava was grown in staggered mounds under Eucalyptus and Leucaena.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00159070
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Perennial crop-based agroforestry systems in Northeast Brazil (1985)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 2 (1985), S. 281-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: agroforestry ; carnauba ; cashew ; coconut ; Northeast Brazil ; silvopastoral systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Land use systems in the Northeast Region of Brazil are dominated by large holdings and extensive cultivation of perennial crops such as cashew, coconut, carnauba wax palm, babaçu palm and so on. The common feature which links these crops is the silvopastoral system of livestock (chiefly cattle, sheep and donkeys) grazing under them. Agrosilvicultural systems involving cultivation of annual subsistence crops, and in some instances other perennials, in the stands of these perennial crops is also common. The paper presents the available information on the management, production, rate of growth, economic importance, etc. of these agroforestry systems involving cashew, coconut and carnauba palm. These systems are of considerable merit in the environmental, agricultural and socio-economic conditions of Northeast Brazil. However, practically no research nor even systematic data collection has been done on these so that there is an almost total lack of information on them. In order to improve the systems, they should be studied in detail and research undertaken on various components (crops, trees and livestock) individually as well as the system as a whole. Selection of suitable species of grass and other herbaceous crops, appropriate management techniques for both overstorey and understorey species in relation to the age of the overstorey species, optimal stocking rates of animals, etc. have to be determined so as to enable plantation owners and operators to realize the full potential of these systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00147039
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Agroforestry on alkali soils: Effect on some management practices on initial growth, biomass accumulation and chemical composition of selected tree species (1986)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 4 (1986), S. 221-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: alkali soils ; agroforestry ; rainwater conservation ; biomass accumulation ; chemical composition ; Eucalyptus tereticornis ; Acacia nilotica ; Parkinsonia aculeata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract This field study started in July 1982 on a typical alkali soil (Aquic Natrustalf, ESP 99.7) examined the growth responses to some management practices in a unified system planned to establish agroforestry. The planting of 3 salt tolerant tree species with two methods: on flat natural surface (FSPB) without rainwater conservation and on ridges (0.6 m high, 1.5 m at top and 2.5 m at base) having parallel trenches of the same section to store 300 mm of monsoon rainwater; constituted the main plot treatments. The tree planting with and without forage grassDiplachne fusca linn. in the inter-row space and planting in shallow (15 × 60 cm) and deep (15 × 180 cm to cross hard pan) augerholes filled with amendment treated soil (2 kg gypsum, 8 kg FYM, 50 g N, 10 g zinc sulphate and original soil) formed the sub and sub-plot treatments replicated 4 times in a split-split plot design. The mean plant height ofEucalyptus tereticornis smith;Acacia nilotica L; andParkinsonia aculeata L. in 2 years period was 273 and 328, 240 and 240 and 211 and 199 cm respectively with and without rainwater conservation. The corresponding height of the 3 tree species was 314 and 287, 250 and 231 and 207 and 203 cm with and without grass in the inter-row space. Similarly the plant height was 247 and 354, 182 and 298, 172 and 238 in shallow and deep augerholes respectively. The tree height and basal diameter differences with and without rainwater conservation and grass growth remained non-significant but deep augerhole planting was markedly superior to the shallow augerhole planting. The 2 year biomass accumulation also followed the same trend. The grass competed with trees for moisture during hot dry summer months and increased plant mortality particularly in the shallow augerholes and more so on ridges. The plant roots, essentially, remained confined to the amended soil of the augerholes in FSPB but proliferated in the loose soil of ridges or grass and submergence ameliorated surface soil of trenches.Acacia nilotica accumulated low sodium and had the lowest Na:Ca and Na:K ratio. It was found more promising than eucalyptus and parkinsonia as it experienced low mortality and had better chemical constitution to tolerate adverse alkali soil environment. The rainwater conservation system needed further evaluation before drawing final conclusions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02028356
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of tropical forage legumes under Pinus caribaea var hondurensis in Turrialba, Costa Rica (1987)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 5 (1987), S. 97-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: agroforestry ; silvopastoral systems ; humid tropics ; forage legumes ; shading
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Resumen Se sembraron especies diversas de leguminosas forrajeras en Turrialba, Costa Rica, en parcelas al descubierto y bajo una cobertura uniforme de Pinus caribaea var hondurensis con area basal de 30 m2/ha. El nivel medio de iluminación bajo los pinos era 18% del nivel a pleno sol. Despues de 19 meses las especies que mostraron buena adaptación a la sombra eran: Centrosema spp., Desmodium spp., Flemingia congesta, Galactia striata. Especies de bajo rendimiento en la sombra eran: Stylosanthes spp., Indigofera hirsuta, Cajanus cajan, Stilozobium sp., La planta anuál Canavalia ensiformis creció bien bajo sombra, como tambien lo hicieron Lablab purpureus y Vigna unguiculata. Se sugiere que se investiguen las especies mencionadas como bien adaptadas al sombreamiento para uso en sistemas silvopastoriles. Se presentan recomendaciones sobre colecciones de germoplasma, metodologia de evaluación y investigación para el desarollo de sistemas silvopastoriles.
    Notes: Abstract A number of tropical forage legume species were sown in Turrialba., Costa Rica, in plots in the open and under an even cover of Pinus caribaea var hondurensis of basal area 30m2/ha. Mean light level under the trees was 18% full sunlight. After 19 months, species showing good shade tolerance and adaptation to local conditions were: Centrosema spp., Desmodium spp., Flemingia congesta, Galactia striata. Species of poor performance in the shade were: Stylosanthes spp., Indigofera hirsuta, Cajanus cajan, Stilozobium sp.. Canavalia ensiformis, an annual, grew well in the shade, as did Lablab purpureus and Vigna unguiculata. It is suggested that further work be done on the shade tolerant species for eventual use as components of silvopastoral systems. Recommendations are made concerning germplasm collections, evaluation methodology and research for silvopasture development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00047515
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Household economy and tree growing in upland Central Java (1987)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 5 (1987), S. 169-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: agroforestry ; social forestry ; upland farming ; farming systems research ; Java ; Indonesia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract This article tries to identify the key variables that determine landuse patterns and the strategies of households towards tree growing in two upland regions in Central Java. A household's access to land and market opportunities appear to be such key variables. Households with little land use their land more intensively with respect to crop, livestock and tree production. So do households with access to market opportunities. Based on this type of diagnostic research more appropriate tree-based designs could be developed to contribute to the solution of landuse problems in the uplands of Java.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00047520
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Agroforestry farming systems in the homesteads of Kerala, southern India (1986)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 4 (1986), S. 339-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: agroclimatic zone ; agroforestry ; crop system ; homestead farming ; home gardens ; Kerala ; mixed farming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Kerala State on the southwestern coast of India in the tropical humid zone has a predominantly agricultural economy, a very high density of population and therefore high pressure on cultivable land. The farmers there undertake cultivation of an array of crops — tree crops, plantation crops, seasonals and biennials — all in intimate mixtures on the same piece of land around the homesteads. Farm animals and poultry and sometimes fisheries also are essential components of the system. The close association of agricultural crops, tree crops and animals in the homesteads represents an excellent example of sustainable and productive agroforestry homegardens. Optimum utilization of available resources of land, solar energy and technological inputs and an efficient recycling of farm wastes are important characteristics of the systems. This paper attempts to describe and evaluate the systems' stability, productivity and sustainability, and identify its merits and constraints as well as research needs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00048107
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The vertical distribution of fine roots of five tree species and maize in Morogoro, Tanzania (1988)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 6 (1988), S. 63-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: agroforestry ; fine root biomass ; root competition ; root nodules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In order to assess the possibility of root competition in agroforestry, the vertical distribution of fine roots (〈 2 mm in diameter) of five tree species in pure two-year-old stands was compared to that of mature maize.Cassia siamea, Eucalyptus tereticornis, Leucaena leucocephala andProsopis chilensis had a rooting pattern similar to that of maize, i.e. a slow decline in fine root mass from 0–100 cm soil depth.Eucalyptus camaldulensis had its roots evenly distributed down to 100 cm. On an average, the fine root biomass of the tree species was roughly twice as that of the maize. We conclude that the studied tree species are likely to compete with maize and other crops with a similar rooting pattern for nutrients and water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02220109
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Planning methods for agroforestry (1988)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 7 (1988), S. 227-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: agroforestry ; land-use planning ; landscape analysis ; landscape design ; land evaluation ; Kenya ; Machakos
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract One of the major issues facing the world is the interrelated problem of deforestation and concurrent degradation of agricultural lands in tropical and subtropical nations. Agroforestry is one technique to help alleviate this problem. Implementation of newly developed agroforestry techniques in various places all over the world, has made it clear that: Problem solving cannot be limited to the individual farmstead or plot level from a social and ecological point of view. Existing landscapes present both constraints and opportunities for further land development. More appropriate agroforestry techniques can be applied by classifying landscape units and existing land-use systems. Planning is necessary because agroforestry requires a holistic perspective to be sustained during the long time necessary for implementation. For these reasons, a review of planning methods used in agroforestry and suggestions for their improvement seems timely. Selected existing methods, with an emphasis on those being used in Kenya, are analyzed in terms of goals, community needs, site assesment, options for action, implementation, management, and evaluation. Our review was conducted through literature survey and interviews with key informants in Nairobi, Kenya; Wageningen, the Netherlands; and Washington, D.C., U.S.A. Landscape planning might be an approach that can be used with agroforestry to provide a more comprehensive perspective. The role of landscape planning in agroforestry projects is discussed in detail, using a study from Kenya for illustration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00046971
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eucalyptus in agroforestry: its effects on agricultural production and economics (1989)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 8 (1989), S. 31-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: eucalyptus ; agroforestry ; India
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The economics of eucalyptus in agroforestry and its effects on agricultural crops have been studied with the help of observations made during the harvests in agricultural fields and from the information supplied by progressive farmers. Three rotations of eucalyptus in agroforestry were selected for comparative study of its returns and relative loss to the crops, in order to ascertain the optimum rotation: i.e. the one giving the maximum internal rate of return with minimum loss to agricultural crops.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00159067
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Agroforestry in the South Pacific region — an overview (1985)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 3 (1985), S. 363-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: agroforestry ; cash (export) crops ; land tenure ; nitrogen-fixing trees ; Pacific Region ; swidden agriculture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The developing countries of the Pacific Region consist of 27 countries and territories with a total nd area of 542 000 km2 and over 5 million inhabitants. Though highly variable in physical characteristics and land-use pattern, these countries, in general, give a higher priority for production of export crops over other agricultural crops, so that they are net importers of food. Natural forests of the region are luxuriant and floristically rich, but the level of their commercial exploitation is low. Swidden cultivation is the mainstay of subsistence livelihood, but with the increase in population, the system is now causing severe environmental and land-use problems. The major agroforestry systems and practices in the region include various forms of combination of tree crops such as coffee, coconut and cacao with nitrogen fixing trees such as Casuarina, Gliricidia and Leucaena, and food crops (mostly tubers) such as cassava, taro, sweet potato and yams. Additionally, some improvements to swidden (shifting) cultivation are also being tried in several places, the most common being the u use of Casuarina oligodon before abandoning the swidden as in PNG highlands, and intercropping food crops in tree crop stands. Land tenure system in most of the countries is the traditional clan of extended family control over land. This can have either positive or negative influence on the adoption of agroforestry practices depending on the extent and duration of ‘tenancy’ tenure enjoyed by the assignees of land. Several governments of the region are now promoting the agroforestry approach. In hilly areas with poor access, farmers are forced to produce most of their basic necessities locally. On the other hand, the lack of roads and communication facilities can pose a problem in marketing any surplus products they have. The immediate opportunity in agroforestry in the region lies in making better use of the unexplored potential of a large number of locally available trees and agricultural crops. Intercropping in tree crop stands and the taungya system seem to propromising m methods for the Pacific region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00055718
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of multipurpose trees in hill farming systems in Western Nepal (1985)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 2 (1985), S. 187-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: Nepal ; agroforestry ; multipurpose trees ; hill farming ; erosion control ; medicinal plants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A large number of multipurpose trees and shrubs are deliberately retained or incorporated on farms in the subsistence farming systems on the steep slopes in parts of Nepal. Woody perennials are maintained in contour strips across the slopes and around the fields. The contribution of these trees is the production of foder and firewood and their protective function in reducing the erosion hazards and thereby making crop production possible in those steep slopes where profitable cropping would otherwise be extremely difficult. Based on a case study in two villages of the Western Development Region, this paper presents some data on basic farm management aspects, production of crops and other components, etc. of the system. The performance of the system is assessed and its merits and weakness highlighted. Although the hill farming system extends over quite a large area and accounts for a large number of Nepal's population, it has not received any research attention nor benefitted by any scientific innovations. Improvement possibilities in terms of component technologies as well as farming systems including the incorporation of the several locally available medicinal plants are indicated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00147033
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Food, coffee and casuarina: an agroforestry system from the Papua New Guinea highlands (1985)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 2 (1985), S. 273-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: agroforestry ; casuarina ; coffee ; food crops ; highlands Papua New Guinea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract An agroforestry farming system is described from the Papua New Guina highlands (1400 to 2100 m) that has been developed by village growers since about 1960 and has expanded rapidly since about 1970. Major components of the system are numerous species of annual and perennial food crops (especially bananas), arabica coffee andCasuarina oligodon. It provides food, a cash crop and timber for construction and fuel. It is likely that returns on labour inputs are very favourable, but no formal assessments have been made. Evaluation of the system as a whole, and research on certain key components (casuarina ecology, banana cultivars, timing of operations) are suggested as high priority areas for systematic studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00147038
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amazonian agroforestry: a market-oriented system in Peru (1985)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 3 (1985), S. 47-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: agroforestry ; Amazonia ; Peru ; marketing ; fruits
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Resumen La mayoria de informes sobre sistemas agroforestales indígenas de la regíon amazónica han descrito formas utilizadas por grupos nativos casi exclusivamente para su subsistencia. Este artículo trata de un sistema agroforestal cíclico comercial empleado por agricultores mestizos en Tamshiyacu, Perú. Este sistema produce carbón, huertos anuales, semi-perennes y perennes para el consumo local y para el mercado regional. La venta de estos productos da un ingreso considerable a muchos agricultores. Los datos presentados demuestran que sistemas agroforestales amazónicos pueden tener valor comercial y servir de modelos eventuales para el desarrollo agrícola.
    Notes: Abstract Most reports on indigenous agroforestry systems of the Amazon region have described patterns employed by tribal groups almost exclusively for their own subsistence. This article discusses a market-oriented cyclic agroforestry system practiced by non-tribal ‘Mestizo’ farmers in Tamshiyacu, Peru. The system produces charcoal, as well as annual, semi-perennial, and perennial crops for local consumption, and for a regional market. The sale of these products provides a substantial cash income for many farmers. The data presented demonstrate that Amazonian cyclic agroforestry systems are capable of being commercially successful enterprises and of serving as possible models for further agricultural development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00045738
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Planting slash pine in a dense pasture sod (1985)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 3 (1985), S. 267-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: agroforestry ; site preparation ; pasture ; Pinus elliottii ; Paspalum notatum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Recommendations for planting pines usually include providing a competition-free site to assure establishment and good early growth. When combining pines and pasture in agroforestry systems, the possibility of planting pines directly into a pasture sod without site treatment would be economically desirable. In south Georgia, USA, slash pine (Pinus elliottii) was planted into a pasture sod and on well-disked sites; both with and without annual fertilization. Partial weed control was maintained in subsequent years on the cultivated treatments and the pasture sod was mowed periodically. Slash pine establishment and growth rate through 5 years generally was not different among treatments. Survival was 96% intially and 86% after 5 years. The pines grew rapidly with no measurable advantage from cultivation or fertilization. This alternative to providing a competition-free environment needs to be tested under differing climates, soils, tree species, and pasture species. It could be a suitable technique in various situations and of special interest to small, nonindustrial landowners.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00046959
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alternate cycle agroforestry (1985)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 3 (1985), S. 387-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: agroforestry ; alternate cycle production ; swidden ; integral production ; marginal lands
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Agroforestry research and design has heavily favored intergrated production of annuals and perennials, that is production of tree crops on the same parcel of land and at the same time as production of food crop annuals. For areas having high population densities and intensive modes of agricultural production, integral agroforestry may be appropriate, but for areas of sparse population where extensive agriculture is practiced or marginal hill lands, alternate cycle agroforestry may prove more suitable. Alternate cycle agroforestry, in the form of modified forest swidden systems, is discussed and compared to integral agroforestry systems. Advantages and disadvantages of each system are discussed relative to their use on marginal hill and forest lands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00055720
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combination of cacao with other plantation crops: an agroforestry system in Southeast Bahia, Brazil (1986)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 4 (1986), S. 3-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: agroforestry ; Bahia State (Brazil) ; cacao ; clove ; coconut ; crop combinations ; plantation crops ; rubber
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Brazil accounts for about 20% of the world production of cocoa, and about 95% of cocoa produced in Brazil is from the southeastern part of Bahia State. Traditionally, cacao is grown in monoculture (though under the shade of various other species). But various crop combinations involving cacao have recently been undertaken by the farmers with encouragement from Brazilian government. As a part of the crop diversification programme in the traditional cacao growing areas and their surroundings, extensive areas are being planted to other plantation crops, mainly clove and rubber and, to some extent, coconut too. Crop combinations have been adopted in some of these new plantings and cacao is an important component of most of such combinations. Whereas several other crops are combined with clove trees, cacao is usually the only species grown with mature rubber trees. Young rubber trees are, however, interplanted with a number of other species. Productive coconut areas are found mostly in sandy soils along the coast so that there is little intercropping. However, scattered farms are found where coconuts are underplanted with guarana, black pepper, cacao, cashew, etc. as done commonly in other parts of Northeast Brazil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01834698
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multipurpose trees and shrubs on farmlands in Tamil Nadu State (India) (1986)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 4 (1986), S. 17-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: agroforestry ; agrisilviculture ; agrosilvopasture ; multipurpose trees ; economic fallow ; green manure ; waste reclamation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Farmers in Tamil Nadu State integrate numerous species of multipurpose trees and shrubs on their farmlands in close association with agricultural crops and/or livestock. The dominant among them areBorassus flabellifer, Tamarindus indica, Ceiba pentandra, Acacia leucophloea andA. nilotica. These woody perennials are better able to cope with poor growing conditions. Their increasing integration on farmlands represents a strategy to minimise risk of crop failure. Some species (e.g.Prosopis juliflora andDelonix elata) are deliberately used to ameliorate infertile or saline soils in order to permit the growing of annual crops. In addition to producing fuelwood, charcoal, fruit and fodder and providing many service functions, these species require only fewer inputs and give the farmer a choice of management options in the event of poor crop growth. The productivity of these traditionally managed and little-studied agroforestry systems can considerably be improved by scientific interventions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01834699
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutrient cycling in two traditional Central American agroforestry systems (1986)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 4 (1986), S. 77-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: agroforestry ; coffee ; Cordia alliodora ; Erythrina poeppigiana ; fertilizer equivalence ; nutrient cycling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A preliminary nutrient cycling study quantified total and temporal nutrient inputs via litterfall and pruning residues in two agroforestry systems: (1) Coffea arabica (perennial crop)-Erythrina poeppigiana (leguminous shade tree); and (2) C. arabica-E. poeppigiana-Cordia alliodora with emphasis on the effect of the timber tree C. alliodora. The total annual input of litterfall plus pruning residues was similar in both associations. Total annual input from E. poeppigiana was less than half in the association with C. alliodora than without, but the litterfall from this latter species compensated for the loss. Large differences in the total annual nutrient input of K, Ca and Mg was found between associations, but not for N or P. The amount of nutrients recycled by the associated trees reached the recommended level of fertilizer required for coffee production. The inclusion of C. alliodora within the C. arabica-E. poeppigiana association resulted in a more evenly distributed annual nutrient input.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00141542
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An evaluation of the Acacia albida-based agroforestry practices in the Hararghe highlands of Eastern Ethiopia (1986)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 4 (1986), S. 129-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: Acacia albida ; agroforestry ; Ch'at ; Ethiopia ; fuelwood ; Hararghe highlands ; maize ; sorghum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Growing Acacia albida as a permanent tree crop, on farmlands with cereals, vegetables and coffee underneath or in between, is an indigenous agroforestry system in the Hararghe highlands of Eastern Ethiopia. However, there is practically no systematic record or data on the merits and benefits of this practice. The paper presents the results of an investigation into the effects of the presence of A. albida on farmlands on the yield of maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). Twenty seven plot pairs each consisting of one plot underneath the A. albida foliage cover and the other in the open, away from the tree-on farmers' fields, in a 40 km radius around the Alemaya College of Agriculture, were sampled and the yield components analyzed. A statistically significant increase in crops yields by 56% on average was found for the crops under the tree canopies compared to those away from the trees. This increase was caused by the improvement in 1000 grain weight and number of grains of plants under the tree, indicating that the trees enhanced the fertility status of the soil and improved its physical conditions in terms of crop growth. Additional benefits from the A. albida trees include supply of fuelwood and fodder. Quantitative estimates of these outputs as well as their monetary values are presented in the paper. However, in order to realize these benefits to a discernible extent, higher stand densities of the tree than at present are required. Based on an enquiry about the farmers attitude towards A. albida, the prospects for an extension of this promising agroforestry technique are discussed against the background of the state and trends of development of agriculture in the area. It is surmised that despite some shortcomings like the relatively slow and highly variable growth of A. albida and a conflict with the spreading cultivation of Ch'at (Catha edulis Forsk.), the prospects of extension of this technique are good. It is recommended that its propagation should be incorporated into the programmes of the extension agencies of the various governmental agencies concerned with land use.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00141545
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of pollarding frequency on biomass of Erythrina poeppigiana as a coffee shade tree (1986)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 4 (1986), S. 145-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: agroforestry ; biomass production ; coffee shade ; Erythrina ; pollarding ; shade trees
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The use of pollarded Erythrina poeppigiana as shade tree in coffee plantations is apparently an old practice in Costa Rica. The tree is not native to this country but was introduced between late 19th and 20th century and was rapidly dispersed in the coffee and cacao areas. Currently, the Erythrina tree is widespread in the Turrialba Valley (elevation 600—1300m) and in the Central Valley (elevation 1200m) where the species is always associated with present or past coffee crops. Pollarding carried out by Costa Rican farmers constitutes a long dated and functional practice, hence the objective of this study was to evaluate the amount of biomass produced by pollarding of Erythrina poeppigiana used as shade in coffee crop planted at a density of 280 trees/hectare under different pollarding frequencies. Results showed that by pollarding once a year, 18,470 kg of dry matter per hectare are produced; with two pollardings per year 11,800 kg/ha are produced and with three pollarding per year 7,850 kg/ha are produced. The total amount of nitrogen removed is very similar for pollarding once and twice a year, but is lower for three times a year. The amount of nitrogen removed was approximately 230 kg/ha/year in the first two cases and 170 kg/ha/year in the last one. The above observations suggest that a considerable supply of nutrients exist in the systems with shade trees, when they are periodically pollarded. Finally some conclusions and follow up activities related to research on the species are suggested, such as higher biomass production techniques, appropriate planting practices, selection of genetic material, nutrient depletion when biomass is harvested, conversion of leaves to marketable feed sources (flour, pellets), alley cropping and green manure production and restoration of degraded areas and improductive savannas by planting large cuttings that would improve the soil by adding biomass and shade out undesirable grasses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00141546
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concepts of resource sharing in agroforestry systems (1986)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 4 (1986), S. 191-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: agroforestry ; woody crops ; plant management ; competition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Although there are very few specific data on management techniques for agroforestry systems, there are important concepts to consider for the design of effective management. One of these is the sharing of resource pools (e.g., light, water, nutrients) between and among the different crop components. With this knowledge, and with the spatial and temporal coordination of growth responses of the crops, effective management for agroforestry systems can be developed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02028354
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oak/Douglas-fir/sheep: A three-crop silvopastoral system (1988)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 6 (1988), S. 147-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: agroforestry ; sheep grazing ; oak woodlands ; Douglas-fir
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A small scale agroforestry study which was begun in 1952 was revisited in 1985 to evaluate the long-term influence of site preparation and grazing on tree growth and survival in a Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)-white oak (Quercus garryana)-sheep silvopastoral system. In 1952–1953, two-year-old Douglas-fir seedlings were planted at the rate of 2500 trees/ha under three levels of site preparation: (1) no treatment, (2) oak thinned by 50%, and (3) oak clearcut. From 1954 to 1960, yearling ewes grazed one-half of each of the three thinning treatments for 3–4 weeks each spring. The conifers have been undisturbed since grazing was discontinued in 1960. Survival of planted conifers averaged 64% in 1985 and did not vary among either site preparation or grazing treatments. From 1964 to 1985, trees on the thinned and clearcut plantations grew an average of 1060 and 990 cm in height, respectively, compared to 900 cm on the unthinned plantation. Diameter at breast height (dbh) averaged 3.8 and 5.6 cm greater on thinned or clearcut plantations, respectively, than on the unthinned control by 1985 (p 〈 0.05). Conifers on grazed plantations had increased height and dbh growth during the first 12 years of plantation life, averaging 63 cm taller (p 〈 0.10) and 0.7 cm greater in dbh (p 〈 0.05) than the ungrazed plots by 1964. By 1985 the difference in height (122 cm) and dbh (1.0 cm) between grazed and ungrazed plantations was not statistically significant. These data suggest that although site preparation can positively influence conifer growth, total clearfelling is no better than thinning oaks. Furthermore, proper grazing can increase height and dbh growth of the conifers during and immediately after the grazing years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02344751
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combinations of trees and crops in the taungya method as applied in Thailand (1988)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 6 (1988), S. 169-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: agroforestry ; forest village ; reforestation ; taungya method ; Thailand
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In Thailand the taungya reforestation method has been practiced primarily in order to rehabilitate wasteland, particularly under the Forest Village Programme. While various combinations of trees and crops are found in the taungya method on a minor scale, the major combinations are teak with upland rice in the north, fast-growing trees with cassava in the northeast, fast-growing trees with maize in the west, and para-rubber or fast-growing trees with fruit trees in the south. These combinations relate to the differences in climatic conditions, mainly the duration of the rainy season.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02344754
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Chagga homegardens: a multistoried agroforestry cropping system on Mt. Kilimanjaro (Northern Tanzania) (1985)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 2 (1985), S. 73-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: Tanzania ; Chagga ; agroforestry ; homegarden ; multipurpose trees ; livestock integration ; multistoried cropping ; land tenure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The homegardens are characterised by an intensive integration of numerous multipurpose trees and shrubs with food crops and animals, simultaneously on the same unit of land. The Chagga are skilled farmers with an intimate knowledge of the crops and their ecological requirements. They have a good idea of functions/uses of the plant species on their farms. The large species diversity provides both subsistence and cash crops. It enables the farmer to keep his management options open and provides insurance against drought, pest and economic risks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00131267
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paraiso (Melia azedarach var. “Gigante”) woodlots: an agroforestry alternative for the small farmer in Paraguay (1985)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 2 (1985), S. 199-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: agroforestry ; farm woodlots ; Leucaena ; Paraguay ; paraiso (Melia azedarach)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes the salient aspects and analyses the potential of the ‘Paraiso Woodlot’ System, which is becoming popular as an agroforestry alternative to land use in the degraded acid sandy soils of the humid sub-tropical Guayaybi area of Paraguay. The system consists of a combination of paraiso (Melia azedarach var ‘gigante’) with other trees, especially Leucaena leucocephala, and annual crops. The fast growth habit, deep root system, addition of large quantities of organic matter through leaf and litter fall, compatibility with agricultural crops, high value of the sawlogs and production of substantial quantities of poles and firewood make paraiso an excellent species for agroforestry combination. Preliminary results of the trials indicate that the ‘woodlots’ are successful and with increasing efforts of the extension agencies, they are being accepted as a viable alternative to traditional agricultural systems. Besides discussing the potential of these ‘woodlots’ based on initial results, the paper identifies the constraints of the system and highlights the priority research areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00147034
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Man-made dipterocarp forest in Sumatra (1985)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 2 (1985), S. 103-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: agroforestry ; Dipterocarpaceae ; resin ; reforestation ; Sumatra
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Traditional plantations of Shorea javanica in Southern Sumatra deserve mention on three main points: (1) it is a rare case in Indonesia of successful cultivation of an indigenous species. This species being a Dipterocarp is an even more attractive reason: Dipterocarps are in the paradoxical situation of being the largest family of timber trees in natural forests of tropical Asia but are almost never used for silvicultural purposes; (2) the tree is grown in association with many other useful trees to constitute an agroforestry system of both cash and subsistence incomes; and (3) such plantations represent a good potential for the production of natural resin in the humid tropics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00131269
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A survey of interculture practices and research in Sri Lanka (1985)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 3 (1985), S. 25-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: interculture ; agroforestry ; mixed cropping ; Sri Lanka ; coconut ; tea ; rubber ; spices
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A survey on interculture research in Sri Lanka is outlined with details of species composition, spatial arrangement and justification for growing the crops as mixtures. The systems include interculture in tea, rubber and coconut plantations, spice gardens and alley cropping between leguminous tree crops. Soil conservation, generation of fuel and fodder, incentives for replanting and export diversification are some of the justifications put forward for interculture along with microclimate modification and reduction of pest incidence. The predominant expected yield criterion was some yield of associated intercrop with no reduction in tree crop yield rather than a land equivalence ratio of greater than unity. Major methodological problems were encountered due to lack of published information in mixture yields and the heterogeneity of experimental sites. Techniques for determining the biological basis of any yield advantage and the optimal spatial arrangement of intercrops were also missing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00045736
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Agroforestry and portfolio theory (1985)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 3 (1985), S. 239-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: agroforestry ; covariance ; expected return ; portfolio theory ; risk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Portfolio theory is used to analyse the risk of hypothetical agroforestry systems. It is shown that the relationship of the returns of the components of an agroforestry system, expressed in terms of the covariance or correlation of returns, is of vital importance in correctly defining risk. Agroforestry systems can be classified as efficient or inefficient. Inefficient systems are such that an alternative system exists which has a greater return for the same level of risk. Thus, inefficient systems do not represent rational choices for agroforestry systems. Finally, the conclusion is reached that it is impossible to design a ‘best’ system, but rather a set of efficient systems of differing risk and return can be defined. This set of efficient systems is referred to as the efficient frontier.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00046957
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of agroforestry in the farming systems in Rwanda with special reference to the Bugesera-Gisaka-Migongo (BGM) region (1986)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 4 (1986), S. 271-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: agroforestry ; homestead farming ; land tenure ; low input technologies ; organic agriculture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The Rwandan farmers, faced with a perpetual land shortage, have evolved certain intensive systems of organic agriculture. These systems, particularly the homestead (compound) farming, involve the combination of food, fodder and tree crops. to a certain extent these systems can satisfy the multiple needs of the subsistence farmers living under several risks and constraints. However, they cannot cope with the expanding food demand of the rapidly increasing population. Some multipurpose, low-input technologies and agroforestry approaches have been designed to improve the productivity of these traditional systems; these include inter/mixed cropping systems and rotations, alley cropping with leguminous trees and shrubs, use of planted ‘fallow’, planting tree legumes on anti-erosive lines, mixed farming,community forestry and woodlots, and tree planting on farm/field boundaries. The essential aspects of these technologies are briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00048104
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Agroforestry systems for the temperate zone (1987)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 5 (1987), S. 109-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: agroforestry ; forestry ; temperate zone ; animal grazing ; intercropping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Historical development of a permanent agriculture system based on the use of agroforestry in the temperate zone is traced. In general, reasons for a renewed interest in agroforestry include the end of cheap, subsidized fossil fuels; increased concern about soil erosion and marginal land use; an international awakening as to the dangers of indiscriminate use of pesticides, herbicides and other chemicals; and a need to balance food production with other land uses. For the forestry profession in particular, reasons for interest in agroforestry stem from a need to revitalize rural economies, the desire to increase timber exports, and potential resolution to land use conflicts between agriculture and forestry. Through use of agroforestry management systems, an increase in both economic and silvicultural benefits are obtainable. Two agroforestry management systems are reviewed which currently appear feasible for implementation in many industrialized countries of the temperate zone. These two systems include: 1) Animal grazing and intercropping under managed coniferous forests or plantations; and 2) Multicropping of agricultural crops under intensively managed, high value hardwood plantations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00047516
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compound farms of southeastern Nigeria: (1987)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 5 (1987), S. 153-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: agroforestry ; homegarden ; compound farm ; germplasm conservation ; tree improvement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Compound farms are a homegarden-type of agroforestry system involving the deliberate management of multipurpose trees and shrubs in a multistoried association with agricultural crops and small livestock within the compounds of individual houses. In addition to the advantages of diversified production, risk minimization, improved labour and nutrient use efficiences and soil conservation, compound farms represent germplasm banks containing many of the useful tree/ shrub species currently disappearing due to indiscriminate clearing of fore and woodlands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00047519
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oak/Douglas-fir/sheep: A three-crop silvopastoral system (1988)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 6 (1988), S. 147-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: agroforestry ; sheep grazing ; oak woodlands ; Douglas-fir
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A small scale agroforestry study which was begun in 1952 was revisited in 1985 to evaluate the long-term influence of site preparation and grazing on tree growth and survival in a Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)-white oak (Quercus garryana)-sheep silvopastoral system. In 1952–1953, two-year-old Douglas-fir seedlings were planted at the rate of 2500 trees/ha under three levels of site preparation: (1) no treatment, (2) oak thinned by 50%, and (3) oak clearcut. From 1954 to 1960, yearling ewes grazed one-half of each of the three thinning treatments for 3–4 weeks each spring. The conifers have been undisturbed since grazing was discontinued in 1960. Survival of planted conifers averaged 64% in 1985 and did not vary among either site preparation or grazing treatments. From 1964 to 1985, trees on the thinned and clearcut plantations grew an average of 1060 and 990 cm in height, respectively, compared to 900 cm on the unthinned plantation. Diameter at breast height (dbh) averaged 3.8 and 5.6 cm greater on thinned or clearcut plantations, respectively, than on the unthinned control by 1985 (p 〈 0.05). Conifers on grazed plantations had increased height and dbh growth during the first 12 years of plantation life, averaging 63 cm taller (p 〈 0.10) and 0.7 cm greater in dbh (p 〈 0.05) than the ungrazed plots by 1964. By 1985 the difference in height (122 cm) and dbh (1.0 cm) between grazed and ungrazed plantations was not statistically significant. These data suggest that although site preparation can positively influence conifer growth, total clearfelling is no better than thinning oaks. Furthermore, proper grazing can increase height and dbh growth of the conifers during and immediately after the grazing years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02220114
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Caribbean pine in an agroforestry system on the Atherton Tableland in north east Australia (1988)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 7 (1988), S. 3-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: Australia ; agroforestry ; caribbean pine ; beef cattle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A trial demonstrating an establishment and maintenance technique forPinus caribaea var hondurensis in an agroforestry land use system on the Atherton Tableland, north east Australia, is described. The establishment of the tree component involves mechanical cultivation and the application of herbicides which in combination are technically feasible and acceptable to a landholder who wishes to integrate pine trees and pasture grasses. The cost of establishment and maintenance of the pines up to age 39 months was calculated at $A809 ha−1 (1986 values). This includes the cost of thinning. The sale of some thinnings for Christmas trees realised a net profit of $A564 from 300 trees ($A188 ha−1). At age 38 months the stand had a stocking of 254 trees ha−1, a mean height of 6 m and a mean diameter at breast height of 12.1 cm. The growth compares favourably with other plantation grownPinus caribaea var hondurensis on the Atherton Tableland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01890466
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combinations of trees and crops in the taungya method as applied in Thailand (1988)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 6 (1988), S. 169-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: agroforestry ; forest village ; reforestation ; taungya method ; Thailand
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In Thailand the taungya reforestation method has been practiced primarily in order to rehabilitate wasteland, particularly under the Forest Village Programme. While various combinations of trees and crops are found in the taungya method on a minor scale, the major combinations are teak with upland rice in the north, fast-growing trees with cassava in the northeast, fast-growing trees with maize in the west, and para-rubber or fast-growing trees with fruit trees in the south. These combinations relate to the differences in climatic conditions, mainly the duration of the rainy season.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02220117
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The vertical distribution of fine roots of five tree species and maize in Morogoro, Tanzania (1988)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 6 (1988), S. 63-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: agroforestry ; fine root biomass ; root competition ; root nodules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In order to assess the possibility of root competition in agroforestry, the vertical distribution of fine roots (〈 2 mm in diameter) of five tree species in pure two-year-old stands was compared to that of mature maize.Cassia siamea, Eucalyptus tereticornis, Leucaena leucocephala andProsopis chilensis had a rooting pattern similar to that of maize, i.e. a slow decline in fine root mass from 0–100 cm soil depth.Eucalyptus camaldulensis had its roots evenly distributed down to 100 cm. On an average, the fine root biomass of the tree species was roughly twice as that of the maize. We conclude that the studied tree species are likely to compete with maize and other crops with a similar rooting pattern for nutrients and water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02344746
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Using multiple objective linear programming to evaluate multi-participant agroforestry systems (1988)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 7 (1988), S. 185-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: multiple objective linear programming ; linear programming ; agroforestry ; economics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Progmación Usando progmacion lineal con objectivos multiples se estudia un sistema agroforestal simulado de maiz, yuca, leucaena y teca, considerando dos participantes. Se presentan ejemplos usando dos niveles de pricios con metodos posibles paraq optimizar el sistema con respcto a intereses monetarios de los dos participantes. En un tercer ejemplo se examinan las soluciones posibles para el sistema, involucrando un silvicultor interesado en beneficios monetarios y un agricultor de subsistencia con interes no monetarios.
    Notes: Abstract Multiple objective linear programming is used to evaluate a simulated two-participant maize/cassava/leucaena/teak agroforestry system. Examples using two different price ratios are presented along with possible methods to optimize the system with regard to the interests of the two profit seeking participants. A third example examines possible solutions to a system involving a profit seeking forester and a non-monetary subsistence farmer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00046851
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The agroecology of corn production in Tlaxcala, Mexico (1987)
    Springer
    Human ecology 15 (1987), S. 189-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Keywords: corn agroecosystem ; agroecology ; polycultures ; agroforestry ; traditional farming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Ethnic Sciences
    Notes: Abstract The primary components of Tlaxcalan corn agriculture are described, including cropping patterns employed, resource management strategies, and interactions of human and biological factors. Tlaxcalan farmers grow corn in an array of poly-culture and agroforestry designs that result in a series of ecological processes important for insect pest and soil fertility management. Measurements derived from a few selected fields show that trees integrated into cropping systems modify the aerial and soil environment of associated understory corn plants, influencing their growth and yields. With decreasing distance from trees, surface concentrations of most soil nutrients increase. Certain tree species affect corn yields more than others. Arthropod abundance also varies depending on their degree of association with one or more of the vegetational components of the system. Densities of predators and the corn pest Macrodactylussp. depend greatly on the presence and phenology of adjacent alfalfa strips. Although the data were derived from nonreplicated fields, they nevertheless point out some important trends, information that can be used to design new crop associations that will achieve sustained soil fertility and low pest potentials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00888380
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alfalfa N2-fixation enhances the phosphorus uptake of walnut in interplantings (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 113 (1989), S. 291-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: agroforestry ; interspecies transfer ; nitrogen ; nitrogen fixation ; nutrient cycling ; pH ; phosphorus ; rhizosphere
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Walnut tree seedlings exhibited greater phosphorus (P) uptake from32P-labelled hydroxyapatite when interplanted with alfalfa than with other walnuts, black locust, or orchard grass. Three mechanisms are proposed as possible explanations of this enhnaced P uptake by walnut. In this study, diffusion of solubilized apatite-P to the roots of walnut at points of walnut-alfalfa root intersection is believed to be the operative mechanism. Phosphorus is solubilized due to rhizosphere acidification of alfalfa during nitrogen fixation. These results underscore the interdependence of nutrient cycles. Enhancement of the phosphorus cycle through manipulation of the nitrogen cycle has important implications for world food and fiber production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02280196
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...