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  • GEOPHYSICS  (4.117)
  • Organic Chemistry  (3.492)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (3.415)
  • 1985-1989  (11.024)
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  • 1
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    Global Climate Study (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-28
    Beschreibung: The Global Surface Radiation Budget Experiment, which determines if current climate models are accurate, is explained.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: ASR-250 , NASA-TM-109612 , NONP-NASA-VT-93-190410
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Magnetosphere, ionosphere and thermosphere; Proceedings of the Topical Meeting of the Twenty-sixth COSPAR Plenary Meeting, Toulouse, France, June 30-July 11, 1986 (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-28
    Beschreibung: Papers are presented on satellite observations of new particle and field signatures associated with SAR arc field lines at magnetospheric heights, the structure of the polar oval from simultaneous observations of the optical emissions and particle precipitations during the period of high solar activity between 1981 and 1982, and SAR-arcs and emissions in the main trough of the electron concentration. Also considered are a model calculation of hydrogen Balmer emissions under various modes of proton precipitation, electron precipitation near L = 4, and an investigation of the thermosphere-ionosphere interaction by means of the neutral post-storm effect. Other topics include auroral electric field penetration into the middle-latitude trough, field-aligned currents and related phenomena in the cust, and the positive phase of ionospheric storms and its connection with the dayside cusp.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: (ISSN 0273-1177)
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    New data on the formation conditions and age of the Kamensk and Gusev astroblemes (1988)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-28
    Beschreibung: Discussed is new information recently published on the higher contents of siderophilic in the block breccia, fragments of coesite rocks in the Glubokinskiy series within the Kamenskiy astrobleme. New geological data which have refined the concept regarding the structure and age of the Kamenskiy astrobleme are presented.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA-TT-20212 , NAS 1.77:20212
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Into the thermosphere: The atmosphere explorers (1987)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-28
    Beschreibung: The need to study the lower thermosphere with the new instrument, data handling, and spacecraft technology available in the 1960s led to the formulation and establishment of the Atmospheric Explorer program. This book provides an overview of this program with particular emphasis on the AE3, AE4, and AE5 satellites, which represent early examples of problem-dedicated missions. Both the satellites and their instrumentation on the one hand and the experimental and scientific considerations in studying the thermosphere on the other are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA-SP-490 , NAS 1.21:490 , LC-87-14156
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Future plans for the NASA suborbital program (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-28
    Beschreibung: The development of more reliable heavy-lift balloons and a fine pointed gondola; the development of the Black Brant-12 rocket for auroral research; and the development of a collaborative Orbiting Payload Using Scout program are outlined. Through 1989 NASA will conduct a comprehensive program of aircraft, balloon, and rocket campaigns in conjunction with Shuttle and satellite measurements on the Supernovae 1987a.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: ESA, Proceedings of the 8th ESA Symposium on European Rocket and Balloon Programs and Related Research; p 397-400
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Carbon monoxide measurements over the eastern Pacific during GTE/CITE 1 (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-28
    Beschreibung: As part of the Global Tropospheric Experiment's Chemical Instrumentation Test and Evaluation (GTE/CITE 1) intercomparison, carbon monoxide (CO) measurements were made from the NASA CV-990 aircraft during the fall of 1983 and again in the spring of 1984. The experimental measurements for CO obtained during those flight series over the eastern and mid-Pacific are presented here. Data were acquired from 10 to 20 deg N latitude over the mid-Pacific and from 30 to 37 deg N latitude over the eastern Pacific off the coast of California. A seasonal variation of approximately 34 parts per billion by volume was measured over the altitudes and latitudes sampled, and a small latitudinal variation was also noted. The data are discussed in terms of the meteorological context in which they were collected.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 92; 2095-210
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  • 7
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    Plasma diagnostics package measurements of ionospheric ions and Shuttle-induced perturbations (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-28
    Beschreibung: The plasma diagnostics package (PDP) on the Space Shuttle STS-3 mission in March 1982 carried among its instrument complement a retarding potential analyzer. This instrument measured both the ambient ion plasma density and temperature, and perturbations to the plasma produced by Shuttle Orbiter effects. Whenever the plasma flow streamline at the instrument was more than a distance of the order of thermal ion gyroradii away from any Orbiter surface, the measurements were characteristic of the ambient ionosphere. In several situations, the PDP was positioned so as to scan the wake in the plasma flow produced by Orbiter surfaces. The density profile of the major species O(+) was consistent with a classic Mach cone. However, strong perturbations extended for several meters outside the Mach cone, which resulted in failure of flowing Maxwellian distributions to represent the data. Configurations where the plasma-flow-impacted Orbiter surfaced downstream of the PDP resulted in generation of a suprathermal ion component. The observations are discussed in terms of a recent model of the mechanism for generation of Shuttle glow.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 91; 13463-13
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  • 8
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    Space opportunities for tropospheric chemistry research (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-28
    Beschreibung: The use of the Space Shuttle to measure tropospheric trace species is examined. Factors which affect the measurement of tropospheric trace species are discussed. The Academy of Sciences 1985 report categorized the trace species into levels: first-level gases include water vapor, O3, CO, and CH4, and the second-level gases are N2O, NO2, NH3, SO2, chlorofluoromethanes, and HCl. The effects of first-level gases on the earth's climate, the photochemistry/chemistry of the troposphere, and the photochemical/chemical production and destruction of the hydroxyl radical are studied; the distribution and magnitude of the hydroxyl radical in the troposphere are analyzed in terms of water vapor, O3, CO, and CH4.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    The paradox of age: Tectites and tectite showers (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-28
    Beschreibung: When discussing the problem of tectite origin, the age of the tectites themselves (actual glasses) must be distinguished from the date of their fall on the earth's surface, i.e., the geological age of tectite fields. The considerable difference between their two ages is the essence of the paradox which will be discussed here.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA-TT-20102 , NAS 1.77:20102
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    Iridium in the Vredefort Bronzite Granophyre - Impact melting and limits on a possible extraterrestrial component (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-28
    Beschreibung: The Bronzite Granophyre was analyzed for Ir and other elements to examine whether its origin was due to impact melting or conventional igneous assimilation and to search for a possible extraterrestrial component in the melt. No such component is identified. Ir values range from 50-130 pg/g, equivalent to less than 0.05 percent C1 material. Further evidence against an extraterrestrial source of siderophiles are the low Ir/Au ratios and the absence of systematic correlations between Ir and other elements. However, the Granophyre is significantly enriched in Ir over other Vredefort granitic rocks, implying a fundamental difference between them. Geochemical mixing models indicate that the Ir observed in the Granophyre can be supplied from high-Ir local shales and quartzites during an impact melting event. The results are consistent with the view that the Granophyre is an impact melt and that Vredefort is an impact structure.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Lunar and Planetary Science Conference; Mar 14, 1988 - Mar 18, 1988; Houston, TX; United States
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  • 11
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    Boundary layer dynamics in the description of magnetospheric substorms (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-28
    Beschreibung: This paper presents an analysis of eleven magnetospheric substorm events for which good-quality ground-based magnetometer data and ISEE satellite data were both available. It is shown that the magnetotail particle and field observations associated with a substorm expansive phase can be explained through the spatial movement of the boundary layers and central plasma sheet in the magnetotail. The sweeping of these regions past the satellite, even in the absence of temporal variations within the various regions, can lead to a set of plasma flow observations typical of what is observed in the magnetotail during substorm activity.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: AD-A209803 , Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 93; 14411-14
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  • 12
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    A boundary layer model for magnetospheric substorms (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-28
    Beschreibung: An alternative framework for understanding magnetospheric substorm activity is presented. It is argued that observations of magnetic field and plasma flow variations in the magnetotail can be explained in terms of the passage of the plasma sheet boundary layer over the satellite detecting the tail signatures. It is shown that field-aligned currents and particle acceleration processes on magnetic field lines threading the ionospheric Harang discontinuity lead to the distinctive particle and field signatures observed in the magnetotail during substorms. It is demonstrated that edge effects of field-aligned currents associated with the westward traveling surge can lead to the negative B(z) perturbations observed in the tail that are presently attributed to observations made on the anti-earthward side of a near-earth neutral line. Finally, it is shown that the model can provide a physical explanation of both the driven system and the loading-unloading system whose combined effects provide the observed substorm perturbation pattern in the magnetosphere and ionosphere.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: AD-A194400 , Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 92; 12187-12
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  • 13
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    Plasma waves in the range of the lower hybrid frequency - ISEE 1 and 2 observations at the earth's bow shock (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-28
    Beschreibung: This report presents a characterization of plasma wave noise in the range of the lower hybrid frequency associated with 65 crossings of earth's bow shock observed by the ISEE 1 and 2 satellites. Wave growth generally becomes detectable at the upstream edge of the shock foot, increases at the upstream edge of the shock ramp, peaks within the ramp, and then quickly decays to steady downstream values. The upstream extent of the noise is on the same order as that of specularly reflected gyrating ions. Similar profiles were observed in subcritical and supercritical shocks, and no special behavior was associated with the first critical Mach number. Spectra in the foot and ramp were similar in shape, although the noise was 1 to 2 orders of magnitude more intense in the shock ramps than in the feet. Electric field intensities are positively correlated with solar wind speed and inversely related to electron beta and Mach number. Magnetic components are positively correlated with Mach number and beta. The results are generally consistent with suggestions that the noise consists of lower hybrid waves driven by reflected gyrating ions in the foot, and by additional instabilities, such as the cross-field current, in the shock ramp.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 93; 9695-970
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  • 14
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    Energy spectra of plasma sheet ions and electrons from about 50 eV/e to about 1 MeV during plamsa temperature transitions (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-28
    Beschreibung: ISEE-1 charged-particle measurements obtained during eight plasma temperature transitions (PTTs) in 1978-1979 are compiled in tables and graphs and analyzed in detail, comparing the ion and electron differential energy spectra with the predictions of theoretical models. PTTs are defined as approximately 1-h periods of low bulk plasma velocity and steadily increasing or decreasing thermal energy. A Maxwellian distribution is found to be inadequate in describing the PTT energy spectra, but velocity-exponential and kappa distributions are both successful, the latter especially at higher energies. The power-law index kappa varies from PTT to PTT, but the high-energy spectral index and overall shape of the distribution remain constant during a PTT; both spatial and temporal effects are observed.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 93; 2562-257
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  • 15
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    Plasma and field observations of a Pc 5 wave event (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-28
    Beschreibung: The particle detector and electric field data collected by the Dynamo Explorer 1 on the Pc 5 wave event encounter on July 14, 1982 are presented, yielding a nearly complete picture of the event. The overall structure of the Pc 5 seems to order the event into two distinct halves, suggesting a temporal or spatial variation of the micropulsation. Thermal plasma measurements showed that the dominant ion throughout both lobes was H(+). Significant quantities of He(+), O(+), N(+), and O(2+) were also observed to be present and rotating together in a plane normal to the magnetic field direction, due to the Pc5 E x B drift. The plasma parameters determined for the two lobes were used in theoretical calculations to predict the period of the observed resonance.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 91; 11147-11
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  • 16
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    Cratering mechanics (1986)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-28
    Beschreibung: Main concepts and theoretical models which are used for studying the mechanics of cratering are discussed. Numerical two-dimensional calculations are made of explosions near a surface and high-speed impact. Models are given for the motion of a medium during cratering. Data from laboratory modeling are given. The effect of gravitational force and scales of cratering phenomena is analyzed.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA-TM-88477 , NAS 1.15:88477
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 17
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    The planning and execution of ER-2 and DC-8 aircraft flights over Antarctica, August and September 1987 (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-28
    Beschreibung: The significant ozone loss in the lower stratosphere over Antarctica during recent austral springs was studied by instrumented ER-2 and DC-8 aircraft. Data on the homogeneous gas composition, polar stratospheric clouds, and on tracers for dynamic motion are provided. The mission design is described, the aircraft and their payloads are documented, and the flight tracks are specified.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 11181-11
    Format: text
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  • 18
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    Plasma flows near the neutral sheet of the magnetotail (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-28
    Beschreibung: The Lepedea on board ISEE 1 is used to investigate the bulk flow plasma in the neutral sheet region (defined as the area where BX approx = O) of the magnetotail. For the majority of crossings there is no appreciable change in the macroscopic plasma parameters, i.e., the density, temperature and velocity of the plasma remain constant through the neutral sheet. This is true even during active periods, when AE is somewhat greater than 100nT. However, for a small number of crossings, all during disturbed times, large plasma bulk velocities abs. val V is greater than or = 300 km/s are observed. The velocity distributions during these events are qualitatively similar to those of the plasma sheet boundary layer that is usually observed at higher latitudes. The acceleration mechanism which creates the plasma sheet boundary layer extends to relatively small radial distances during these active periods.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Format: text
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  • 19
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    NASA's geodynamics program (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-28
    Beschreibung: The NASA geodynamics program covers dynamics of the core; dynamics and structure of the mantle; dynamics and structure of the lithosphere; evolution and composition of the Earth; and comparative planetology. Projects include crustal dynamics/Earth observations; gravity field modelling; and magnetic field studies. Planned space flights include global gravity and magnetic field mapping; magnetic field secular changes; gravity gradiometer mission; LAGEOS-2; and Earth Observing System.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: ESA, Proceedings of an ESA-NASA Workshop on a Joint Solid Earth Program; p 11-16
    Format: text
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  • 20
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    Causes and effects of a hole (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-28
    Beschreibung: Preliminary results from the U.S. National Ozone Expedition (NOZE) to Antarctica are reviewed. The NOZE ozonesonde measurements showed significant vertical structure in the hole, with 80 percent depletion in some of the 1 km layers but only 20 percent in adjacent layers. The depletion was confined to the 12-20 km region, beginning first at higher altitude and progressing downward. This is strong evidence against the theory that the ozone hole is due to solar activity producing odd nitrogen at high altitudes which is transported downwards, leading to enhanced odd-nitrogen catalytic cycles that destroy ozone. Nitrous oxide data show unusually low concentrations within the polar vortex, which is evidence against the theory that the hole is caused by a purely dynamical mechanism in which rising air motions within the polar vortex lead to reduced column densities of ozone. It is tentatively concluded that a chemical mechanism involving man-made chlorofluorocarbons is the likely cause of ozone depletion in the hole.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 325; 297
    Format: text
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