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  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (5,225)
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (3,082)
  • 1985-1989  (8,307)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New data on the structure and the growth of the osteoderms in the reptile Anguis fragilis L. (Anguidae, Squamata) (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 186 (1985), S. 327-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Light and electron microscopy shows the osteoderms of Anguis fragilis to be small, flat disks located in the dermis along the adult trunk: microradiography established the extent of the mineralization.Each osteoderm coincides exactly with an epidermal fold forming the keratinized scales characteristic of the skin of reptiles.Sections perpendicular to the surface show two mineralized layers differing in histological and histochemical characteristics and in fine structure, although both contain collagen fibrils. The structure of each layer can be related to that of the surrounding dermis.The outer superficial layer located in the loose dermis contains few collagen bundles that form a discontinuous sheet at the upper surface of the osteoderms. This superficial layer appears to be constituted of units separated by furrows and is composed of woven fibered bone.The basal plate comprises stratified lamellae formed of parallel-oriented collagen fibrils; the fibrils of successive lamellae lie at right angles. The densely packed collagen fibrils of the basal plate are distributed similarly to those of the dense dermis within which it lies. This layer exhibits structural and histochemical characteristics of a lamellar bone.The presence of two different layers in the osteoderms of Anguis fragilis may reflect their mode of formation, which consists of the deposit of mineral crystals in the preexisting dermal tissue. This mineralization process, considered as a “metaplastic ossification,” may reflect the potentiality retained by the dermis of reptiles to form mineralized structures.
    Additional Material: 28 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051860309
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  • 2
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    Energetic ions upstream of Jupiter's bow shock (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: In an analysis of the Jovian ion events, Baker et al. (1984) have found that there appears to be a spectral hardening as the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) changed orientation from the postnoon to a prenoon connection point. It was also observed that ion events were accompanied by long-period (approximately 10 min) waves whose presence was weakly related to a decrease in the ion anisotropy. The present investigation examines in substantial detail the development of the ion energy spectrum over the full range (approximately 30 keV to approximately 4 MeV). The results of the investigation show that the energy spectra are dominated by heavy ions (presumed to be oxygen and sulfur) at higher (approximately equal to or greater than 300 keV) energies.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 90; 3947-396
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enterocytic differentiation of a subpopulation of the human colon tumor cell line HT-29 selected for growth in sugar-free medium and its inhibition by glucose (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 122 (1985), S. 21-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In order to study the effect of glucose on the differentiation of cultured human colon cancer cells, a subpopulation of HT-29 cells was selected for its capacity to grow in the total absence of sugar. These cells (GIc-cells) exhibit, after confluency, an enterocytic differentiation, in contrast to cells grown with glucose (Glc+ cells), which always remain undifferentiated. The differentiation is characterized by a polarization of the cell layer with apical brush borders and tight junctions, and by the presence of sucrase-isomaltase. The differentiation of Glc-cells is reversible: the addition of glucose to postcon-fluent cultures of Glc- cells results in an inhibiting effect on the expression of sucrase-isomaltase; switching growing cultures of Glc-cells to the Glc+ medium for several passages results in a progressive reversion to the undifferentiated state, which is completed after seven passages. The dedifferentiation process is associated with a parallel, passage-related, increase in the rates of glucose consumption and lactic acid production, and decreases of intracellular glycogen content, which return to the values of the undifferentiated original Glc+ cells. The values of these metabolic parameters are correlated, at each passage, with the degree of dedifferentiation of the cells. When these dedifferentiated cells, after having been cultured in Glc+ medium for 20 passages, are switched back to the Glc- medium, they readily grow without mortality, and reexpress the same enterocytic differentiation as the parent Glc- cells. These results show that the capacity of this subpopulation to grow and differentiate in the absence of sugar is a stable characteristic. They further suggest that glucose metabolism interferes with the program of differentiation of HT-29 cells.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041220105
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neutral amino acid transport in embryonal carcinoma cells (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 122 (1985), S. 379-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Neutral amino acid transport was characterized in the pluripotent embryonal carcinoma (EC) cell line, OC15. Ten of the thirteen amino acids tested are transported by all three of the major neutral amino acid transport systems - A, L, and ASC - although one system may make a barely measurable contribution in some cases. The characterization of N-methyl-aminoisobutyric acid (meAIB) transport points to this model amino acid as a definitive substrate for System A transport by OC15 cells. Thus, high concentrations of meAIB can be used selectively to block System A transport, and the transport characteristics of meAIB represent system A transport. Kinetic analysis of System A, with a Km = 0.79mM and Vmax = 14.4 nmol/mg protein/5 min, suggests a single-component transport system, which is sensitive to pH changes. While proline transport in most mammalian cells is largely accomplished through System A, it is about equally divided between Systems A and ASC in OC15 cells, and System A does not contribute at all to proline transport by F9 cells, an EC cell line with limited developmental potential. Kinetic analysis of System L transport, represented by Na+-independent leucine transport, reveals a high-affinity, single-component system. This transport system is relatively insensitive to pH changes and has a Km = 0.0031 mM and Vmax = 0.213 nmol/mg protein/min. The putative System L substrate, 2-aminobicyclo-[2,2,1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid (BCH), inhibits Systems A and ASC as well as System L in OC15 cells. Therefore, BCH cannot be used as a definitive substrate for System L in OC15 cells. Phenyialanine is primarily transported by Na+ -dependent Systems A and ASC (83% Na+-dependent; 73% System ASC) in OC15 cells, while it is transported primarily by the Na+-independent System L in most other cell types, including early cleavage stage mouse embryos and F9 cells. We have also found this unusually strong Na+-dependency of phenyl-alanine transport in mouse uterine blastocysts (82% Na+-dependent). There is no evidence for System N transport by OC15 cells, since histidine is transported primarily by a Na+-independent, BCH-inhibitable mechanism.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041220307
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lectin-induced blockage of developmental processes in preimplantation mouse embryos in vitro (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 12 (1985), S. 275-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: lectins ; preimplantation mouse embryos ; glycoconjugates ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: This study attempts to assess the developmental importance of cell surface glycoconjugates of preimplantation mouse embryos. This was done by incubating early embryos in various lectins and analyzing subsequent development. If specific cell surface glycoconjugates (lectin receptors) are linked to specific developmental processes, such as cell division, compaction, and blastocyst formation, then different lectins should block these different developmental processes. The results show that wheat-germ agglutinin (WGA; N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-specific) at 50 μg/ml prevents the cell division of four-cell embryos. However, this effect of WGA occurs only in embryos with intact zonae pellucidae. Concanavalin A (Con A; α-D-glucose and α-D-mannose-specific) treatment, 20 μg/ml, of four-cell or early eight-cell embryos prevents compaction, the first major change in cell shape in early mouse embryogenesis. Divalent succinly Con A does not affect development, suggesting that the Con A effect is due to crosslinking of cell surface glycoconjugates. Exposure of four-cell or early eight-cell embryos to 10 μg/ml Lotus Tetragonolobus puprureas agglutinin (LTA; α-L-fucose-specific) or 25 μg/ml Limulus polyphemus agglutinin (LPA; sialic acid-specific) allows compaction or development to the morula stage, but blocks blastocyst formation. All lectins tested retard cell division to some extent. Late morulae and early blastocysts are more resistant than earlier stages to all of the lectins studied. This study demonstrates that very low concentrations of these lectins affect different developmental processes, presumably based upon their sugar specificities.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120120306
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  • 6
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    Zonally symmetric response to atmospheric tidal forcing in the dusty Martian atmosphere (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The paper presents a steady state, zonally symmetric response of an atmospheric circulation to the combined effects of the very large zonal-mean diabatic heating and thermotidal forcing thought to exist in the dusty Martian atmosphere during one of its episodic global dust storms. The zonal-mean components of the tidal flux-convergences of momentum and heat are computed using an existing classical atmospheric tidal model constrained by the surface pressure observations at the two Viking Lander sites on Mars. A nearly inviscid two-dimensional model is used to compute the zonally symmetric response to the computed tidal flux-convergences and to the zonal-mean heating of the airborne dust. The results are compared with data from the Viking missions.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences (ISSN 0022-4928); 45; 2469-248
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Free and forced modes in the Martian atmosphere (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Computations are conducted for the periods of free modes in the Martian atmosphere with a view to the short atmospheric radiative damping time and the seasonal and interannual variation of globally representative temperatures, both of which differ from their terrestrial counterparts by an order of magnitude. Attention is given to the possibility of atmospheric resonance and the efficient excitation (or even the resonant amplification) of forced modes. A thermally-forced diurnal Kelvin wave is recommended as the most reasonable of several alternative explanations of the short-period transient mode that occurs just before, or during, Mars' great episodic dust storms.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 93; 9452-946
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    The role of climate studies in the future exploration of Mars (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Three major reasons for the continued study of the weather and climate of Mars are: (1) the engineering support of future unmanned and manned missions, including operations on the Martian surface, (2) the comparative study of the climates of earth and Mars, and (3) the perspective provided by understanding what Mars is really like now and how it got that way. Together, the suite of national and international missions to Mars currently in progress and in the advanced planning stages could provide a credible data base for addressing many outstanding climatic questions, as well as greatly improving current engineering models of the Mars atmosphere and surface.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: AAS PAPER 87-199
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  • 9
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    The Martian atmospheric water cycle as viewed from a terrestrial perspective (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: It is noted that the conditions of temperature and pressure that characterize the atmosphere of Mars are similar to those found in the Earth's stratosphere. Of particular significance is the fact that liquid water is unstable in both environments. Thus, it is expected that terrestrial studies of the dynamical behavior of stratospheric water should benefit the understanding of water transport on Mars as well.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., MECA Workshop on Atmospheric H2O Observations of Earth and Mars. Physical Processes, Measurements and Interpretations; p 92
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  • 10
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    The interannual variability of atmospheric water vapor on Mars (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: The acquisition of several north-south scans during the Survey/Completion Mission by the Mars Atmospheric Water Detector (MAWD) onboard Viking Orbiter 1 make it possible to compare water vapor column abundance during northern spring and early summer seasons from three successive Mars years. All three years exhibit very similar seasonal trends. Differences between years tend to be localized, and not regional, with maximum differences between years occurring in the same general areas that the day-to-day variability of water vapor as observed by MAWD is large. It is suggested that the observed year-to-year differences are also artifacts of clouds in the MAWD field of view and that there is remarkably little difference in the water cycle during northern spring and early summer, despite very different dust storm episodes during the preceding three years.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., MECA Workshop on Atmospheric H2O Observations of Earth and Mars. Physical Processes, Measurements and Interpretations; p 91
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