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  • Articles  (4,681)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (3,934)
  • Base Sequence  (412)
  • Female  (357)
  • Organic Chemistry
  • 1985-1989  (4,681)
  • Medicine  (4,681)
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  • Articles  (4,681)
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  • 1
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    A "selfish" B chromosome that enhances its transmission by eliminating the paternal genome (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-04-22
    Description: In the parasitic wasp, Nasonia vitripennis, males are haploid and usually develop from unfertilized eggs, whereas females are diploid and develop from fertilized eggs. Some individuals in this species carry a genetic element, termed psr (paternal sex ratio), which is transmitted through sperm and causes condensation and subsequent loss of paternal chromosomes in fertilized eggs, thus converting diploid females into haploid males. In this report the psr trait was shown to be caused by a supernumerary chromosome. This B chromosome contains at least three repetitive DNA sequences that do not cross-hybridize to each other or to the host genome. The psr chromosome apparently produces a trans-acting product responsible for condensation of the paternal chromosomes, but is itself insensitive to the effect. Because the psr chromosome enhances its transmission by eliminating the rest of the genome, it can be considered the most "selfish" genetic element yet described.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nur, U -- Werren, J H -- Eickbush, D G -- Burke, W D -- Eickbush, T H -- GM31867/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Apr 22;240(4851):512-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Rochester, NY 14627.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3358129" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chromosomes/*physiology ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Satellite ; Diploidy ; Haploidy ; Hymenoptera/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Sex Determination Analysis ; *Sex Ratio ; Wasps/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    DNA amplification for direct detection of HIV-1 in DNA of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-01-15
    Description: By means of a selective DNA amplification technique called polymerase chain reaction, proviral sequences of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) were identified directly in DNA isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of persons seropositive but not in DNA isolated from PBMCs of persons seronegative for the virus. Primer pairs from multiple regions of the HIV-1 genome were used to achieve maximum sensitivity of provirus detection. HIV-1 sequences were detected in 100% of DNA specimens from seropositive, homosexual men from whom the virus was isolated by coculture, but in none of the DNA specimens from a control group of seronegative, virus culture-negative persons. However, HIV-1 sequences were detected in 64% of DNA specimens from seropositive, virus culture-negative homosexual men. This method of DNA amplification made it possible to obtain results within 3 days, whereas virus isolation takes up to 3 to 4 weeks. The method may therefore be used to complement or replace virus isolation as a routine means of determining HIV-1 infection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ou, C Y -- Kwok, S -- Mitchell, S W -- Mack, D H -- Sninsky, J J -- Krebs, J W -- Feorino, P -- Warfield, D -- Schochetman, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jan 15;239(4837):295-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3336784" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology ; Base Sequence ; DNA, Viral/*blood ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase ; *Gene Amplification ; HIV/*genetics/isolation & purification ; HIV Seropositivity ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/*analysis ; Male ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Virus Cultivation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    AIDS: an international perspective (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-02-05
    Description: The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) constitute a worldwide public health problem. Whereas in Europe and in most of the Americas transmission of HIV-1 has occurred predominantly among homosexual men and intravenous drug abusers, in Africa a distinct epidemiologic pattern has emerged that indicates that HIV-1 infection is mainly heterosexually acquired. Heterosexual transmission appears to be increasing in some parts of Latin America and the Caribbean, and possibly in the United States. In addition to HIV-1, at least one other human retrovirus, namely HIV-2, has been implicated as a cause of AIDS in Africa and Europe. Factors that influence heterosexual transmission of HIV-1 include genital ulcerations, early or late stages of HIV-1 infection in the index case, and possibly oral contraception and immune activation. The rate of perinatal transmission is enhanced when the mother's illness is more advanced. AIDS and HIV-1 infection may have a significant impact not only on public health, but also on the demography and socioeconomic conditions of some developing countries. Programs for the prevention and control of AIDS should be an immediate priority in all countries.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Piot, P -- Plummer, F A -- Mhalu, F S -- Lamboray, J L -- Chin, J -- Mann, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Feb 5;239(4840):573-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3277271" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology/prevention & ; control/*transmission ; Female ; HIV/classification/pathogenicity ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Sexual Behavior
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Cellular transcription factors and regulation of IL-2 receptor gene expression by HTLV-I tax gene product (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-07-01
    Description: Expression of the interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R alpha) gene is activated by the transcriptional activator protein, Tax (previously referred to as the tat gene product), encoded by the human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-I). Multiple protein binding sites for specific DNA-protein interactions were identified over the upstream IL-2R alpha transcriptional regulatory sequences. However, only one region, which includes the sequence motif GGGGAATCTCCC, was required for activation by both the tax gene product and mitogenic stimulation. Remarkably, this sequence also bound the nuclear factor NF kappa B, which is important for induction of kappa-immunoglobulin gene expression. A model is presented whereby regulation of cellular gene expression by the HTLV-I tax gene product occurs via an indirect mechanism that may involve a post-translational modification of preexistent cellular transcription factors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ruben, S -- Poteat, H -- Tan, T H -- Kawakami, K -- Roeder, R -- Haseltine, W -- Rosen, C A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jul 1;241(4861):89-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Oncology, Roche Institute of Molecular Biology, Nutley, NJ 07110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2838905" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; DNA/genetics/metabolism ; Deltaretrovirus/*genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation/*drug effects ; Gene Products, tat ; Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains/genetics ; Mutation ; Plasmids ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Receptors, Immunologic/*genetics ; Receptors, Interleukin-2 ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    A newly characterized HLA DQ beta allele associated with pemphigus vulgaris (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-02-26
    Description: The inheritance of particular alleles of major histocompatibility complex class II genes increases the risk for various human autoimmune diseases; however, only a small percentage of individuals having an allele associated with susceptibility develop disease. The identification of allelic variants more precisely correlated with disease susceptibility would greatly facilitate clinical screening and diagnosis. Oligonucleotide-primed gene amplification in vitro was used to determine the nucleotide sequence of a class II variant found almost exclusively in patients with the autoimmune skin disease pemphigus vulgaris. In addition to clinical implications, the disease-restricted distribution of this variant should provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying associations between diseases and HLA-class II genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sinha, A A -- Brautbar, C -- Szafer, F -- Friedmann, A -- Tzfoni, E -- Todd, J A -- Steinman, L -- McDevitt, H O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Feb 26;239(4843):1026-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medical Microbiology, Stanford University, CA 94305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2894075" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Autoimmune Diseases/*genetics/immunology ; Base Sequence ; DNA/genetics ; Gene Amplification ; Genetic Variation ; HLA-D Antigens/*genetics ; HLA-DQ Antigens/*genetics/immunology ; HLA-DR Antigens/immunology ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Pemphigus/*genetics/immunology ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Immunotherapy of the nonobese diabetic mouse: treatment with an antibody to T-helper lymphocytes (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-04-29
    Description: Spontaneous diabetes mellitus was blocked in nonobese diabetic mice by treatment with a monoclonal antibody against the L3T4 determinant present on the surface of T-helper lymphocytes. Sustained treatment with the monoclonal antibody led to cessation of the lymphocytic infiltration associated with the destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells. Moreover, the mice remained normoglycemic after the antibody therapy was stopped. These studies indicate that immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies to the lymphocyte subset may not only halt the progression of diabetes, but may lead to long-term reversal of the disease after therapy has ended.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shizuru, J A -- Taylor-Edwards, C -- Banks, B A -- Gregory, A K -- Fathman, C G -- AI11313/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK39959/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Apr 29;240(4852):659-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, CA 94305-5111.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2966437" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*therapeutic use ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/*immunology ; Cyclosporins/therapeutic use ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology/*therapy ; Female ; *Immunotherapy ; Islets of Langerhans/pathology ; Lymphocytes/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/*immunology/pathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    DNA databases monitored (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-04-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Soll, D -- Kirschstein, R L -- Philipson, L -- Uchida, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Apr 22;240(4851):375.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3358119" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; *Dna ; *Information Systems
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Longevity and gender (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-07-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McLaren, D S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jul 22;241(4864):399-400.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3393905" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; *Longevity ; Male ; Sex Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Breast cancer study vetoed (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-01-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jan 15;239(4837):252.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3276002" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/*etiology/prevention & control ; Clinical Trials as Topic/economics ; Dietary Fats/administration & dosage/*adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Breast cancer-associated pS2 protein: synthesis and secretion by normal stomach mucosa (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-08-05
    Description: The human pS2 gene is specifically expressed under estrogen transcriptional control in a subclass of estrogen receptor-containing human breast cancer cells. The pS2 gene encodes an 84-amino acid protein that is secreted after signal peptide cleavage. The distribution of pS2 protein in normal human tissues was studied with antibodies to pS2; pS2 was specifically expressed and secreted by mucosa cells of the normal stomach antrum and body of both female and male individuals. Moreover, no estrogen receptor could be detected in these cells, indicating that pS2 gene expression is estrogen-independent in the stomach. The function of the pS2 protein in the gastrointestinal tract is unknown. However, the pS2 protein is similar in sequence to a porcine pancreatic protein that has been shown to inhibit gastrointestinal motility and gastric secretion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rio, M C -- Bellocq, J P -- Daniel, J Y -- Tomasetto, C -- Lathe, R -- Chenard, M P -- Batzenschlager, A -- Chambon, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Aug 5;241(4866):705-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CNRS et U. 184 de l'INSERM, Institut de Chimie Biologique, Faculte de Medecine, Strasbourg, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3041593" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Breast Neoplasms/*metabolism ; Estrogens/pharmacology ; Exons ; Female ; Gastric Mucosa/*metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Histocytochemistry ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neoplasm Proteins/*biosynthesis/genetics/secretion ; *Proteins ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Tissue Distribution ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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