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  • Articles  (643)
  • Base Sequence  (412)
  • Cell Line  (258)
  • Ecology
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  • 1985-1989  (643)
  • Natural Sciences in General  (643)
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  • Articles  (643)
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  • 1
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    A "selfish" B chromosome that enhances its transmission by eliminating the paternal genome (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-04-22
    Description: In the parasitic wasp, Nasonia vitripennis, males are haploid and usually develop from unfertilized eggs, whereas females are diploid and develop from fertilized eggs. Some individuals in this species carry a genetic element, termed psr (paternal sex ratio), which is transmitted through sperm and causes condensation and subsequent loss of paternal chromosomes in fertilized eggs, thus converting diploid females into haploid males. In this report the psr trait was shown to be caused by a supernumerary chromosome. This B chromosome contains at least three repetitive DNA sequences that do not cross-hybridize to each other or to the host genome. The psr chromosome apparently produces a trans-acting product responsible for condensation of the paternal chromosomes, but is itself insensitive to the effect. Because the psr chromosome enhances its transmission by eliminating the rest of the genome, it can be considered the most "selfish" genetic element yet described.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nur, U -- Werren, J H -- Eickbush, D G -- Burke, W D -- Eickbush, T H -- GM31867/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Apr 22;240(4851):512-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Rochester, NY 14627.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3358129" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chromosomes/*physiology ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Satellite ; Diploidy ; Haploidy ; Hymenoptera/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Sex Determination Analysis ; *Sex Ratio ; Wasps/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    DNA amplification for direct detection of HIV-1 in DNA of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-01-15
    Description: By means of a selective DNA amplification technique called polymerase chain reaction, proviral sequences of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) were identified directly in DNA isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of persons seropositive but not in DNA isolated from PBMCs of persons seronegative for the virus. Primer pairs from multiple regions of the HIV-1 genome were used to achieve maximum sensitivity of provirus detection. HIV-1 sequences were detected in 100% of DNA specimens from seropositive, homosexual men from whom the virus was isolated by coculture, but in none of the DNA specimens from a control group of seronegative, virus culture-negative persons. However, HIV-1 sequences were detected in 64% of DNA specimens from seropositive, virus culture-negative homosexual men. This method of DNA amplification made it possible to obtain results within 3 days, whereas virus isolation takes up to 3 to 4 weeks. The method may therefore be used to complement or replace virus isolation as a routine means of determining HIV-1 infection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ou, C Y -- Kwok, S -- Mitchell, S W -- Mack, D H -- Sninsky, J J -- Krebs, J W -- Feorino, P -- Warfield, D -- Schochetman, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jan 15;239(4837):295-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3336784" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology ; Base Sequence ; DNA, Viral/*blood ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase ; *Gene Amplification ; HIV/*genetics/isolation & purification ; HIV Seropositivity ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/*analysis ; Male ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Virus Cultivation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Recruitment dynamics in complex life cycles (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-09-16
    Description: Organisms living in the marine rocky intertidal zone compete for space. This, together with predation, physical disruption, and differing species tolerances to physiological stress, explains the structure of the ecological communities at some sites. At other sites the supply of larvae is limiting, and events in the offshore waters, such as wind-driven upwelling, explain the composition of intertidal communities. Whether the community ecology at a site is governed by adult-adult interactions within the site, or by limitations to the supply of larvae reaching the site, is determined by the regional pattern of circulation in the coastal waters. Models combining larval circulation with adult interactions can potentially forecast population fluctuations. These findings illustrate how processes in different ecological habitats are coupled.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roughgarden, J -- Gaines, S -- Possingham, H -- DE-FG03-85ER60362/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- NCA2-258/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Sep 16;241(4872):1460-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11538249" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; Larva ; *Marine Biology ; *Models, Biological ; Pacific Ocean ; Plankton ; Population Dynamics ; Thoracica/*growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Cellular transcription factors and regulation of IL-2 receptor gene expression by HTLV-I tax gene product (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-07-01
    Description: Expression of the interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R alpha) gene is activated by the transcriptional activator protein, Tax (previously referred to as the tat gene product), encoded by the human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-I). Multiple protein binding sites for specific DNA-protein interactions were identified over the upstream IL-2R alpha transcriptional regulatory sequences. However, only one region, which includes the sequence motif GGGGAATCTCCC, was required for activation by both the tax gene product and mitogenic stimulation. Remarkably, this sequence also bound the nuclear factor NF kappa B, which is important for induction of kappa-immunoglobulin gene expression. A model is presented whereby regulation of cellular gene expression by the HTLV-I tax gene product occurs via an indirect mechanism that may involve a post-translational modification of preexistent cellular transcription factors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ruben, S -- Poteat, H -- Tan, T H -- Kawakami, K -- Roeder, R -- Haseltine, W -- Rosen, C A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jul 1;241(4861):89-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Oncology, Roche Institute of Molecular Biology, Nutley, NJ 07110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2838905" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; DNA/genetics/metabolism ; Deltaretrovirus/*genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation/*drug effects ; Gene Products, tat ; Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains/genetics ; Mutation ; Plasmids ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Receptors, Immunologic/*genetics ; Receptors, Interleukin-2 ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Site-directed mutagenesis of two trans-regulatory genes (tat-III,trs) of HIV-1 (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-02-19
    Description: Point mutations were introduced into the overlapping trans-regulatory genes (tat-III and trs) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), and the mutants were evaluated for virus expression. The results showed that tat-III has a positive transacting role and is required for transcriptional activation. A chain terminating mutation early in the trs gene resulted in an increase in transcription of viral messenger RNA as measured by nuclear transcription experiments, but only one major species of viral messenger RNA (1.8 kilobases) was detected, and little or no viral structural proteins were made. Thus, the trs gene product is essential for expression of virus structural proteins but, at the same time, may have a negative trans-regulatory role in transcription. Cotransfection of the point mutant proviruses defective in tat or trs with each other or with a complementary DNA clone containing tat and trs sequences restored the normal transcription pattern and subsequent virus production.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sadaie, M R -- Benter, T -- Wong-Staal, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Feb 19;239(4842):910-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3277284" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetyltransferases/genetics ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase ; Codon ; DNA/genetics ; *Genes, Regulator ; *Genes, Viral ; HIV/*genetics ; Humans ; Immunosorbent Techniques ; *Mutation ; Plasmids ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 6
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    Calpain II involvement in mitosis (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-05-13
    Description: Mitotic spindle disassembly requires major structural alterations in the associated cytoskeletal proteins and mitosis is known to be associated with Ca2+-sequestering phenomena and calcium transients. To examine the possible involvement of a ubiquitous Ca2+-activated protease, calpain II, in the mitotic process, synchronized PtK1 cells were monitored by immunofluorescence for the relocation of calpain II. The plasma membrane was the predominant location of calpain II in interphase. However, as mitosis progressed, calpain II relocated to (i) an association with mitotic chromosomes, (ii) a perinuclear location in anaphase, and (iii) a mid-body location in telophase. Microinjection of calpain II near the nucleus of a PtK1 cell promoted the onset of metaphase. Injection of calpain II at late metaphase promoted a precocious disassembly of the mitotic spindle and the onset of anaphase. These data suggest that calpain II is involved in mitosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schollmeyer, J E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 May 13;240(4854):911-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉U.S. Department of Agriculture, Roman L. Hruska Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2834825" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaphase/drug effects ; Animals ; Calcium/pharmacology ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/pharmacology ; Calpain/antagonists & inhibitors/pharmacology/*physiology ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/enzymology ; Cell Nucleus/enzymology ; Chromosomes/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Interphase ; Metaphase/drug effects ; *Mitosis ; Muscles/enzymology ; Rhodamines ; Spindle Apparatus/drug effects ; Swine
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 7
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    A newly characterized HLA DQ beta allele associated with pemphigus vulgaris (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-02-26
    Description: The inheritance of particular alleles of major histocompatibility complex class II genes increases the risk for various human autoimmune diseases; however, only a small percentage of individuals having an allele associated with susceptibility develop disease. The identification of allelic variants more precisely correlated with disease susceptibility would greatly facilitate clinical screening and diagnosis. Oligonucleotide-primed gene amplification in vitro was used to determine the nucleotide sequence of a class II variant found almost exclusively in patients with the autoimmune skin disease pemphigus vulgaris. In addition to clinical implications, the disease-restricted distribution of this variant should provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying associations between diseases and HLA-class II genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sinha, A A -- Brautbar, C -- Szafer, F -- Friedmann, A -- Tzfoni, E -- Todd, J A -- Steinman, L -- McDevitt, H O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Feb 26;239(4843):1026-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medical Microbiology, Stanford University, CA 94305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2894075" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Autoimmune Diseases/*genetics/immunology ; Base Sequence ; DNA/genetics ; Gene Amplification ; Genetic Variation ; HLA-D Antigens/*genetics ; HLA-DQ Antigens/*genetics/immunology ; HLA-DR Antigens/immunology ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Pemphigus/*genetics/immunology ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 8
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    DNA databases monitored (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-04-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Soll, D -- Kirschstein, R L -- Philipson, L -- Uchida, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Apr 22;240(4851):375.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3358119" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; *Dna ; *Information Systems
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Ordered interstrand and intrastrand DNA transfer during reverse transcription (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-08-26
    Description: Retroviruses contain two copies of the plus stranded viral RNA genome. As a means of determining whether both of these RNA's are used in the reverse transcription reaction, cells were infected with heterozygous virus particles that varied in nucleotide sequence at two separate locations at the RNA termini. The DNA proviruses formed from a single cycle of reverse transcription were then examined. Of the 12 proviruses that were characterized, all exhibited long terminal repeats (LTR's) that would be expected to arise only if both RNA templates were used for the generation of minus strand DNA. In contrast, only a single minus strand DNA appeared to be used as template for the plus strand DNA in the generation of fully double-stranded viral DNA. These results indicate that the first strand transfer step in reverse transcription is an intermolecular event while that of the second transfer is intramolecular. Thus, retroviruses contain two functionally active RNA's, and both may be required for the generation of a single linear DNA molecule. Formation of heterozygotes during retrovirus infection would be expected to result in the efficient generation of LTR recombinants.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Panganiban, A T -- Fiore, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Aug 26;241(4869):1064-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2457948" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Viral/*genetics/metabolism ; Deoxyribonuclease HindIII ; Genes, Viral ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; RNA, Viral/*genetics/metabolism ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/*metabolism ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Retroviridae/*genetics ; Templates, Genetic ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection ; Virion/genetics ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Production of stable rabbit-mouse hybridomas that secrete rabbit mAb of defined specificity (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-06-24
    Description: Inclusion of normal rabbit serum (NRS) in culture medium after interspecific fusion of hyperimmunized rabbit spleen cells with murine SP2/0 myeloma cells produced 271 rabbit-mouse hybridomas (RMHs) that secreted rabbit immunoglobulin against group A Streptococcus (GAS). Continued use of NRS-supplemented medium during cloning yielded stabilized monoclonal RMH lines that have secreted GAS-specific rabbit antibody at concentrations similar to murine hybridomas (3 to 8 micrograms per 10(6) cells per 24 hours), for over 4 months of culture in vitro. The use of NRS as a medium supplement during initial culture, cloning, and stabilization of RMHs enables production of considerably more specific rabbit monoclonal antibody (mAb)-secreting RMHs than have previously been reported.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raybould, T J -- Takahashi, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jun 24;240(4860):1788-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Allelix Inc., Diagnostics Division, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3289119" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Bacterial/*immunology ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*immunology ; Antibody Specificity ; Cell Fusion ; Cell Line ; Hybridomas/*immunology ; Karyotyping ; Mice/*immunology ; Rabbits/*immunology ; Streptococcus pyogenes/immunology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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