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  • GEOPHYSICS  (4,117)
  • Organic Chemistry  (3,492)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (3,415)
  • AERODYNAMICS  (2,967)
  • 1985-1989  (13,991)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
  • 1
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    Global Climate Study (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The Global Surface Radiation Budget Experiment, which determines if current climate models are accurate, is explained.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: ASR-250 , NASA-TM-109612 , NONP-NASA-VT-93-190410
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Application of a semianalytical technique for sensitivity analysis of unsteady aerodynamic computations (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: A semianalytical approach is developed for the sensitivity analysis of linear unsteady aerodynamic loads. The semianalytical approach is easier to implement than the analytical approach. It is also computationally less expensive than the finite difference approach when used with panel methods which require a large number of panels. The semianalytical approach is applied to an isolated airfoil in a two-dimensional flow and rotating propfan blades in three-dimensional flow. Sensitivity coefficients with respect to nonshape-dependent variables are shown for some cases.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA PAPER 88-2377 , Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference; Apr 18, 1988 - Apr 20, 1988; Williamsburg, VA; United States
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  • 3
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    Magnetosphere, ionosphere and thermosphere; Proceedings of the Topical Meeting of the Twenty-sixth COSPAR Plenary Meeting, Toulouse, France, June 30-July 11, 1986 (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Papers are presented on satellite observations of new particle and field signatures associated with SAR arc field lines at magnetospheric heights, the structure of the polar oval from simultaneous observations of the optical emissions and particle precipitations during the period of high solar activity between 1981 and 1982, and SAR-arcs and emissions in the main trough of the electron concentration. Also considered are a model calculation of hydrogen Balmer emissions under various modes of proton precipitation, electron precipitation near L = 4, and an investigation of the thermosphere-ionosphere interaction by means of the neutral post-storm effect. Other topics include auroral electric field penetration into the middle-latitude trough, field-aligned currents and related phenomena in the cust, and the positive phase of ionospheric storms and its connection with the dayside cusp.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: (ISSN 0273-1177)
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  • 4
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    New data on the formation conditions and age of the Kamensk and Gusev astroblemes (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Discussed is new information recently published on the higher contents of siderophilic in the block breccia, fragments of coesite rocks in the Glubokinskiy series within the Kamenskiy astrobleme. New geological data which have refined the concept regarding the structure and age of the Kamenskiy astrobleme are presented.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TT-20212 , NAS 1.77:20212
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  • 5
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    Into the thermosphere: The atmosphere explorers (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The need to study the lower thermosphere with the new instrument, data handling, and spacecraft technology available in the 1960s led to the formulation and establishment of the Atmospheric Explorer program. This book provides an overview of this program with particular emphasis on the AE3, AE4, and AE5 satellites, which represent early examples of problem-dedicated missions. Both the satellites and their instrumentation on the one hand and the experimental and scientific considerations in studying the thermosphere on the other are discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-SP-490 , NAS 1.21:490 , LC-87-14156
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  • 6
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    Future plans for the NASA suborbital program (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The development of more reliable heavy-lift balloons and a fine pointed gondola; the development of the Black Brant-12 rocket for auroral research; and the development of a collaborative Orbiting Payload Using Scout program are outlined. Through 1989 NASA will conduct a comprehensive program of aircraft, balloon, and rocket campaigns in conjunction with Shuttle and satellite measurements on the Supernovae 1987a.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: ESA, Proceedings of the 8th ESA Symposium on European Rocket and Balloon Programs and Related Research; p 397-400
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  • 7
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    Carbon monoxide measurements over the eastern Pacific during GTE/CITE 1 (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: As part of the Global Tropospheric Experiment's Chemical Instrumentation Test and Evaluation (GTE/CITE 1) intercomparison, carbon monoxide (CO) measurements were made from the NASA CV-990 aircraft during the fall of 1983 and again in the spring of 1984. The experimental measurements for CO obtained during those flight series over the eastern and mid-Pacific are presented here. Data were acquired from 10 to 20 deg N latitude over the mid-Pacific and from 30 to 37 deg N latitude over the eastern Pacific off the coast of California. A seasonal variation of approximately 34 parts per billion by volume was measured over the altitudes and latitudes sampled, and a small latitudinal variation was also noted. The data are discussed in terms of the meteorological context in which they were collected.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 92; 2095-210
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  • 8
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    Plasma diagnostics package measurements of ionospheric ions and Shuttle-induced perturbations (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The plasma diagnostics package (PDP) on the Space Shuttle STS-3 mission in March 1982 carried among its instrument complement a retarding potential analyzer. This instrument measured both the ambient ion plasma density and temperature, and perturbations to the plasma produced by Shuttle Orbiter effects. Whenever the plasma flow streamline at the instrument was more than a distance of the order of thermal ion gyroradii away from any Orbiter surface, the measurements were characteristic of the ambient ionosphere. In several situations, the PDP was positioned so as to scan the wake in the plasma flow produced by Orbiter surfaces. The density profile of the major species O(+) was consistent with a classic Mach cone. However, strong perturbations extended for several meters outside the Mach cone, which resulted in failure of flowing Maxwellian distributions to represent the data. Configurations where the plasma-flow-impacted Orbiter surfaced downstream of the PDP resulted in generation of a suprathermal ion component. The observations are discussed in terms of a recent model of the mechanism for generation of Shuttle glow.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 91; 13463-13
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  • 9
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    Space opportunities for tropospheric chemistry research (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The use of the Space Shuttle to measure tropospheric trace species is examined. Factors which affect the measurement of tropospheric trace species are discussed. The Academy of Sciences 1985 report categorized the trace species into levels: first-level gases include water vapor, O3, CO, and CH4, and the second-level gases are N2O, NO2, NH3, SO2, chlorofluoromethanes, and HCl. The effects of first-level gases on the earth's climate, the photochemistry/chemistry of the troposphere, and the photochemical/chemical production and destruction of the hydroxyl radical are studied; the distribution and magnitude of the hydroxyl radical in the troposphere are analyzed in terms of water vapor, O3, CO, and CH4.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
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  • 10
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    Some numerical calculations by using linear classical sonic theories approached from sub- or supersonic speeds (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The unsteady aerodynamics of a two-dimensional wing at sonic speed are studied by using so-called classical sonic theories (linear), approached from supersonic flow (M=1+0) or subsonic flow (M=1-0). In the former approach, the exact expressions of lift and lift distribution are obtained in terms of Fresnel integrals, while in the latter approach an integral equation must be solved, the kernel function of which is obtained from the subsonic Possio's equation and has a root singularity. The discrete analysis is adopted on the basis of the semicircle method (SCM) and the weighting function for subsonic-flow-Gauss-quadrature, as well as modified characteristics obtained from both approaches agree quite well with each other. The results obtained by the present computations are compared with those of DLM-C (subsonic 2D code) developed by ANDO et al, and are found to give a reasonable outer boundary for subsonic unsteady aerodynamics.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-TT-20112 , NAS 1.77:20112
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  • 11
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    The paradox of age: Tectites and tectite showers (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: When discussing the problem of tectite origin, the age of the tectites themselves (actual glasses) must be distinguished from the date of their fall on the earth's surface, i.e., the geological age of tectite fields. The considerable difference between their two ages is the essence of the paradox which will be discussed here.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TT-20102 , NAS 1.77:20102
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  • 12
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    The Aerodynamic Optimization of Wings at Subsonic Speeds and the Influence of Wingtip Design (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Some of the objectives of modern aircraft development are related to the achievement of reduced fuel consumption and aircraft noise. This investigation is mainly concerned with the aerodynamic aspects of aircraft development, i.e., reduction of induced drag. New studies of wing design, and in particular wing tips, are considered. Induced drag is important since, in cruising flight, it accounts for approximately one-third of the entire drag for the aircraft, and one-half while climbing. A survey is presented for the wing geometries and wing tip designs studied, and theoretical investigations of different planar wings with systematically varied wing tip forms are conducted. Attention is also paid to a theoretical study of some planar and nonplanar wings and their comparison with experimental data.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-TM-88534 , NAS 1.15:88534
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  • 13
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    Iridium in the Vredefort Bronzite Granophyre - Impact melting and limits on a possible extraterrestrial component (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The Bronzite Granophyre was analyzed for Ir and other elements to examine whether its origin was due to impact melting or conventional igneous assimilation and to search for a possible extraterrestrial component in the melt. No such component is identified. Ir values range from 50-130 pg/g, equivalent to less than 0.05 percent C1 material. Further evidence against an extraterrestrial source of siderophiles are the low Ir/Au ratios and the absence of systematic correlations between Ir and other elements. However, the Granophyre is significantly enriched in Ir over other Vredefort granitic rocks, implying a fundamental difference between them. Geochemical mixing models indicate that the Ir observed in the Granophyre can be supplied from high-Ir local shales and quartzites during an impact melting event. The results are consistent with the view that the Granophyre is an impact melt and that Vredefort is an impact structure.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science Conference; Mar 14, 1988 - Mar 18, 1988; Houston, TX; United States
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  • 14
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    Boundary layer dynamics in the description of magnetospheric substorms (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: This paper presents an analysis of eleven magnetospheric substorm events for which good-quality ground-based magnetometer data and ISEE satellite data were both available. It is shown that the magnetotail particle and field observations associated with a substorm expansive phase can be explained through the spatial movement of the boundary layers and central plasma sheet in the magnetotail. The sweeping of these regions past the satellite, even in the absence of temporal variations within the various regions, can lead to a set of plasma flow observations typical of what is observed in the magnetotail during substorm activity.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: AD-A209803 , Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 93; 14411-14
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  • 15
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    A boundary layer model for magnetospheric substorms (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: An alternative framework for understanding magnetospheric substorm activity is presented. It is argued that observations of magnetic field and plasma flow variations in the magnetotail can be explained in terms of the passage of the plasma sheet boundary layer over the satellite detecting the tail signatures. It is shown that field-aligned currents and particle acceleration processes on magnetic field lines threading the ionospheric Harang discontinuity lead to the distinctive particle and field signatures observed in the magnetotail during substorms. It is demonstrated that edge effects of field-aligned currents associated with the westward traveling surge can lead to the negative B(z) perturbations observed in the tail that are presently attributed to observations made on the anti-earthward side of a near-earth neutral line. Finally, it is shown that the model can provide a physical explanation of both the driven system and the loading-unloading system whose combined effects provide the observed substorm perturbation pattern in the magnetosphere and ionosphere.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: AD-A194400 , Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 92; 12187-12
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  • 16
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    Plasma waves in the range of the lower hybrid frequency - ISEE 1 and 2 observations at the earth's bow shock (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: This report presents a characterization of plasma wave noise in the range of the lower hybrid frequency associated with 65 crossings of earth's bow shock observed by the ISEE 1 and 2 satellites. Wave growth generally becomes detectable at the upstream edge of the shock foot, increases at the upstream edge of the shock ramp, peaks within the ramp, and then quickly decays to steady downstream values. The upstream extent of the noise is on the same order as that of specularly reflected gyrating ions. Similar profiles were observed in subcritical and supercritical shocks, and no special behavior was associated with the first critical Mach number. Spectra in the foot and ramp were similar in shape, although the noise was 1 to 2 orders of magnitude more intense in the shock ramps than in the feet. Electric field intensities are positively correlated with solar wind speed and inversely related to electron beta and Mach number. Magnetic components are positively correlated with Mach number and beta. The results are generally consistent with suggestions that the noise consists of lower hybrid waves driven by reflected gyrating ions in the foot, and by additional instabilities, such as the cross-field current, in the shock ramp.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 93; 9695-970
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  • 17
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    Energy spectra of plasma sheet ions and electrons from about 50 eV/e to about 1 MeV during plamsa temperature transitions (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: ISEE-1 charged-particle measurements obtained during eight plasma temperature transitions (PTTs) in 1978-1979 are compiled in tables and graphs and analyzed in detail, comparing the ion and electron differential energy spectra with the predictions of theoretical models. PTTs are defined as approximately 1-h periods of low bulk plasma velocity and steadily increasing or decreasing thermal energy. A Maxwellian distribution is found to be inadequate in describing the PTT energy spectra, but velocity-exponential and kappa distributions are both successful, the latter especially at higher energies. The power-law index kappa varies from PTT to PTT, but the high-energy spectral index and overall shape of the distribution remain constant during a PTT; both spatial and temporal effects are observed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 93; 2562-257
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  • 18
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    Aeronautical engineering: A continuing bibliography with indexes (supplement 225) (1988)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: This bibliography lists 429 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in March, 1988.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-SP-7037(225) , NAS 1.21:7037(225)
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  • 19
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    Finite element calculations for aerodynamic coefficients of a 3-dimensional body in subsonic flow using Green's function method (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: An accurate method for evaluating the derivatives along circular paths on the surface is proposed. Calculations are made on various practical configurations such as wing-body combinations, tandem wings, wings with dihedral angles at sideslip, ground effects, interference between a sphere and wind tunnel, etc. Comparisons with experiment show good agreement.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-TT-20208 , NAS 1.77:20208
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  • 20
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    Calculation of non-stationary aerodynamic forces in the near sonic range (1988)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The development of a mathematical method for calculating nonstationary supersonic flow in the near-sonic range is described. A perturbation formula is derived based on the exact stationary values; it is applicable to the equation for potential. The problem can thus be divided into stationary and nonstationary fields. The pressure distribution in an oscillating profile is determined, based on hyperbolic differential equations. It is shown that there are important corollaries concerning the application of linear theory. With suitable extrapolations, linear theory can be used up to about Mach 0.8. Linear theory is not applicable, however, when determining the moment coefficients; for this case, a special technique is described.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-TT-20310 , NAS 1.77:20310
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