ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Nitrogen fixation  (142)
  • nitrogen  (140)
  • Humans
  • Springer  (284)
  • 1985-1989  (284)
Collection
Keywords
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 51 (1989), S. 175-187 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Anticarsia ; compensatory feeding behavior ; diet dilution ; food utilization ; lipid ; nitrogen ; nutritional ecology ; water
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Peu de travaux ont examiné l'aptitude des insectes à modifier leur consommation et l'utilisation des aliments en fonction des variations qualitatives et quantitatives connues de l'aliment. On a rarement examiné si ces modifications sont adaptatives, si elles maintiennent le taux de croissance et le niveau des ressources, ou si elles limitent au moins les effets nuisibles du changement d'aliment. En utilisant une technique gravimétrique, nous avons mesuré le gain des poids, l'aliment consommé et les excréments produits par des chenilles de A. gemmatalis Hübn. (Lep, Noctuidea), important ravageur du soja aux USA. La consommation en poids frais (fw) a augmenté presque 2 fois quand le régime artificiel a été dilué progressivement avec de l'eau (65, 79, 86 ou 89% d'eau); le poids sec (dw) et le taux de consommation relative (RCR) ont diminué néanmoins avec la dilution. L'efficacité de digestion et d'assimilation de l'aliment consommé (digestibilité approchée, AD) a augmenté pour les trois dilutions, l'efficacité de conversion en biomasse de l'aliment digéré (ECD) a augmenté dans les dilutions à 79 et 85%, mais a diminué pour les régimes plus dilués. Par conséquent, le gain dw et le RGR, — produit de RCR x AD x ECD-, étaient identiques avec le régime à 79% fw à ceux de 65% fw, mais ont diminué pour les régimes plus dilués. Le taux relatif d'efficacité de consommation d'azote a diminué aussi avec la dilution, mais il a été compensé par un accroissement de l'efficacité de l'utilisation de l'azole tel, que le produit,-taux relatif d'accumulation de l'azote-, était le même pour les quatre régimes. La teneur en lipides des insectes a diminué, de 32% pour le régime sans dilution, à 13% pour le régime le plus dilué; elle a été le principal responsable de la diminution de RGR. L'accroissement de la consommation fw et de AD, tout en n'empêchant pas la diminution de RGR pour les deux régimes les plus dilués, a limité l'effet de la dilution (sans ces accroissements, le RGR du régime le plus dilué n'aurait été que 43% du RGR obtenu). Ces résultats indiquent que la consommation et l'utilisation d'aliments constituent un processus dynamique, et que les chenilles de A. gemmatalis comme beaucoup d'autres insectes, présentent des réactions compensatrices au changement de qualité de l'aliment. De telles variations dans la consommation d'aliments ont des conséquences écologiques (consommation accrue de substances allélochimiques potentiellement toxiques et exposition accrue aux causes biologiques de mortalité pendant l'alimentation), et intéressent l'organisation de la protection contre les insectes:-en permettant la manipulation de l'alimentation des insectes pour augmenter la consommation à court terme d'agents bioactifs, et, par ce moyen, réduire la consommation totale,-en permettant d'améliorer la modélisation des dégâts alimentaires prévisibles, qui, pour être efficace, devrait inclure les variations de l'alimentation en fonction de la qualité alimentaire de la plante cultiveé.
    Notes: Abstract Fresh weight (fw) food consumption by caterpillars of Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) increased almost 2-fold as the nutrients in an artificial diet were increasingly diluted with water (diets contained 65, 79, 86 or 89% fw water). Nonetheless, dry weight (dw) relative consumption rate (RCR) declined with diet dilution. The efficiency at which the consumed food is digested and assimilated (approximate digestibility, AD) increased on the 3 diluted diets, and the efficiency at which digested food is converted to biomass (ECD) increased on the 79 and 86% fw diets. As a consequence, dw gained and relative growth rate (RGR), which is the product of RCR x AD x ECD, on the 79% fw diet were similar to those on the 65% fw diet, but they declined on the more diluted diets. Relative nitrogen consumption rate also declined with dietary dilution, but this was compensated by an increase in nitrogen utilization efficiency such that the product of these, relative nitrogen accumulation rate, was similar on all four diets. Insect lipid content declined from 32% on the undiluted diet to 13% dw on the most diluted diet, and was primarily responsible for the decline in RGR. The increases in fw consumption and AD, while not preventing a decline in RGR on the two most diluted diets, mitigated the impact of dietary dilution (e.g., without these increases, RGR on the most diluted diet would have been only 43% of that attained). These results indicate that the consumption and utilization of food are dynamic processes, and that caterpillars of A. gemmatalis, like many other insects, exhibit compensatory responses to changes in dietary quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 41 (1986), S. 115-120 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: dry matter budget ; nitrogen ; protein ; nutritional ecology ; growth efficiencies ; Datana ministra ; Tilia americana
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'hypothèse suivant laquelle la croissance des larves d'insectes est limitée par l'insuffisance des protéines disponibles dans les feuilles d'arbres a été examinée par l'alimentation des chenilles de Datana ministra Drury sur feuilles développées de Tilia americana L. enduites d'une mixture de protéines d'oeuf et de lait. Des chenilles de second stade, prélevées dans des colonies naturelles, ont été séparées en un lot témoin élevé en masse sur feuilles coupées et un lot expérimental élevé sur feuiles coupées mais enduites de protéines. Le bilan en matière sèche, le taux de croissance, la relation entre ce taux de croissance et la quantité de matière ingérée, le poids des prénymphes ont été déterminés sur 10 chenilles de dernier stade dans chaque lot. Les chenilles ayant consommé un supplément de protéine ont présenté un plus faible taux d'ingestion et un plus faible rendement de croissance, mais une meilleure efficacité apparente d'ingestion et un meilleur taux apparent d'assimilation que les témoins. Le complément protéique n'a pas eu d'effet sur le taux de croissance des chenilles de 5ème stade bien que l'alimentation avec addition de protéines ait provoqué la nymphose à un poids larvaire plus faible. L'addition de protéines avait provoqué une chargé métabolique pour les chenilles, peut-être en provoquant une demande d'excrétion d'azote excessive ou en créant un déséquilibre osmotique, ce qui aurait provoqué une réduction du taux de croissance et du poids des chenilles malgré un taux d'assimilation supérieur. Ces résultats ne confirment pas l'hypothèse que les insectes des arbres sont carencés en protéines.
    Notes: Abstract The hypothesis that arbivorous insects are protein limited was tested by feeding larvae of Datana ministra mature leaves of Tilia americana that were coated with a mixture of protein. Larvae fed the protein supplement had a lower ingestion rate and net growth efficienty but higher apparent digestion efficiency and apparent assimilation rate than control larvae. Protein supplement had no effect on the rate of growth of 5th instar larvae although larvae fed added protein pupated at a lower weight than control larvae. The added protein placed a metabolic load on the larvae, perhaps by excessive nitrogen excretion demands and osmotic imbalance. The results do not support the hypothesis that arbivorous insects are protein limited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 42 (1986), S. 231-237 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Curculionidae ; Cyrtobagous singularis ; Cyrtobagous salviniae ; Salvinia molesta ; population increase ; survivorship ; fecundity ; fertility ; biological control ; temperature ; nutrition ; nitrogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les taux intrinsèques d'accroissement (rm) deC. salviniae du Bresil et deC. singularis de Trinidad, ont été établis au laboratoire à 23°C; 27°C; 31°C, sur des plants deS. molesta riches en azote. Les différences entre les rm des deux espèces provenaient pour l'essentiel de la ponte et de la mortalité préimaginale. Aux 3 températures, les valeurs de rm deC. salviniae (0.210; 0.366; 0.404) étaient supérieures à celles deC. singularis (0.148; 0.140; 0.064). A toutes les températuresC. salviniae a pondu 7 fois plus d'oeufs queC. salviniae; à 31°C, la ponte a été réduite de 45% pour les 2 espèces et été accompagnée d'une diminution des taux d'éclosion. La ponte deC. salvinae était presque continue (92% des semaines avec des oeufs), tandis que celle deC. singularis était intermittent (50% des semaines avec pontes), les interruptions étant en moyenne de 2 semaines. La teneur deS. molesta en azote a affecté la reproduction deC. singularis plus que celle deC. salviniae; un accroissement de 0.1% en poids sec, augmentant les pontes hebdomadaires respectivement de 7% et de 3.6%. Les différences de valeur de rm des 2 espèces sont examinées pour évaluer leurs potentialités comme éléments de la lutte biologique.
    Notes: Abstract The intrinsic rates of increase (rm) ofCyrtobagous salviniae Calder & Sands from Brazil andC. singularis Hustache from Trinidad W.I., were determined in the laboratory at 23°C, 27°C and 31°C on nitrogen-rich plants of the aquatic weed,Salvinia molesta Mitchell. Variation in oviposition and immature survivorship accounted for most of the differences between species in rm values (exponential growth of a stable-age population in a non-limiting environment). Values for rm were higher forC. salviniae (0.210, 0.366, 0.404) than forC. singularis (0.148, 0.140, 0.064) at the three temperatures respectively. At all temperatures,C. salviniae laid seven times more eggs thanC. singularis while at 31°C oviposition was reduced for both species by 45%, and was accompanied by a reduction in egg hatch. Oviposition byC. salviniae was almost continuous (92% of weeks with some eggs laid) whereas oviposition byC. singularis was intermittent (50% of weeks) with intervals averaging 3 weeks without oviposition. Nitrogen concentration inS. molesta affected reproduction byC. singularis more thanC. salviniae, an increase of 0.1% (dry wt) increasing weekly oviposition by 7.0% and 3.6% respectively. The differences in rm for the two weevil species are discussed in relationship to their potential as biological control agents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 43 (1987), S. 297-300 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: green peach aphid ; Myzus persicae ; potato ; Solanum tuberosum ; maturity ; nitrogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 44 (1987), S. 31-35 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: host quality ; nitrogen ; survival ; Leptinotarsa decemlineata ; Lycopersicon esculentum ; plant virus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Pour vérifier l'hypothèse selon laquelle une contamination par un virs végétal peut accroître la consommation de plantes délaissées ou partiellement résistantes, nous avons examiné les interactions entre Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., et le virus de la mosaïque du tabac (TMV). La survie des larves de L. decemlineata a augmenté avec la contamination par TMV; les teneurs en azote et en tomatine étaient toutes deux plus élevées dans les plantes contaminées par le virus. La survie a augmenté linéairement avec la teneur en azote, mais sans dépendre de la teneur en tomatine. L'influence positive pour L. decemlineata de la contamination par le virus peut être attribuée au moins en partie à la teneur en azote plus élevée. Nos résultats correspondent à l'hypothèse selon laquelle la consommation de plantes délaissées ou partiellement résistantes peut être augmentée par la contamination virale, et que cette contamination peut faciliter l'adaptation d'insectes phytophages sur des plantes marginalement consommables.
    Notes: Abstract Infection by tobacco mosaic virus improved the suitability of tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. for survival of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), larvae. This improvement was due, at least in part, to the increase in total nitrogen content of virus-infected plants. The simultaneous increase in tomatine content had no discernable effect on L. decemlineata survival. Our results are consistent with the suggestions that virus infection may improve the suitability of partially resistant or non-preferred hosts, and that virus infection may facilitate the adaption of phytophagous insects to such ‘marginal’ host plant species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 4 (1987), S. 61-66 
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Stem nodulation ; Aeschynomene afraspera ; Legume ; Nitrogen fixation ; Acetylene reduction assay (ARA)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Aeschynomene afraspera is a wild annual legume growing in periodically waterlogged soils in western Africa. This legume is characterized by a profuse stem nodulation. Nodules are formed on the stem at the emergence of lateral root primordia, called nodulation sites. These sites are irregularly distributed on vertical rows all along the stem and branches. Stem nodules are hemispherically shaped. Their outside is dark green and they contain a red-pigmented central zone. Stem nodules exhibit a high nitrogen-fixing potential. Acetylene reduction assays result in stem nodule activity of 309 μmol C2H4 g−1 dry nodule h−1. Field-grown stem nodulated Aeschynomene accumulated more N (51 g N m−2 in 10 weeks) than the root nodulated one. Because of this nitrogenfixing potential and its ability to grow in waterlogged conditions, A. afraspera could probably be introduced into tropical rice cropping systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 8 (1989), S. 356-368 
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Plant-root associations ; Azospirillum spp ; Rhizosphere ; Nitrogen fixation ; Acetylene reduction assay (ARA) ; Phytohormones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Bacteria of the genus Azospirillum are extensively studied for their plant-growth promoting effect following inoculation. Physiological and biochemical studies of these diazotrophic bacteria are now benefiting from recent breakthroughs in the development of genetic tools for Azospirilum. Moreover, the identification and cloning of Azospirillum genes involved in N2 fixation, plant interaction, and phytohormone production have given new life to many research projects on Azospirillum. The finding that Azospirillum genes can complement specific mutations in other intensively studied rhizosphere bacteria like Rhizobia will certainly trigger the exploration of new areas in rhizosphere biology. Therefore a review of the Azospirillum-plant interactions is particularly timely.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 5 (1987), S. 83-87 
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Inoculation ; Inoculum dose ; Nitrogen fixation ; Chickpea ; Rhizobium spp. ; Cicer arietinum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The influence of three inoculum rates on the performance of three chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Rhizobium strains was examined in the field on a Mollisol soil. Increasing amounts of inoculum improved the performance of the strains. A normal dose (104 cells per seed) applied at different intervals gave non-significant increases in nodulation, nitrogenase activity (acetylene reduction assay), nitrogen uptake and grain yield. A ten-fold increase in inoculum increased nodule number, shoot dry weight, nitrogenase activity (ARA) and grain yield, but increases over the control were significant only for nodule dry weight and nitrogen uptake by shoot and grain. The highest level of inoculum (100 × normal) significantly increased nodule dry weight, grain yield, total nitrogenase activity (ARA) and nitrogen uptake by shoot and grain. Strain TAL 620 was more effective than the other two. Combined nitrogen (60 kg N ha−1) suppressed nodulation and nitrogenase activity (ARA).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 6 (1988), S. 39-44 
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Alnus ; Energy forestry ; Frankia ; Meadow soil ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nodulation ; Peat soil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Use of the N2-fixing grey alder, Alnus incana (L.) Moench, as a short-rotation crop for energy production is currently being explored. To evaluate the need for inoculation of alders, the distribution of infective propagules of Frankia in the soil at potential sites for alder plantations was examined. Uninoculated grey alder seedlings were grown in three types of soil. Frequent nodulation was found in a meadow soil which had been free from actinorhizal plants for nearly 60 years, but the alder seedlings failed to nodulate in peat soil from two different bog sites. One of these bogs had been exploited for peat and the surface layer of the peat had been removed, so that the soil samples were taken from deep layers of the peat. At the other site, an area of cultivated peat, there were no infective propagules of Frankia in plots without alders; the infective Frankia was present in plots only where it had been introduced by inoculated alders. There was no detectable air-borne dispersal of Frankia. Instead, water movement might account for the dispersal of Frankia in peat. Although the apparent absence of Frankia in these peat soils necessitates inoculation of alder seedlings before planting out, this makes it possible to introduce and maintain Frankia strains with selected beneficial characteristics, since there is no competition from an indigenous Frankia flora.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Nodule damage ; Rivellia angulata ; Nitrogen fixation ; Cajanus cajan ; Pigeonpea ; Vertisol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Damage caused by Rivellia angulata larvae to pigeonpea root nodules at the ICRISAT center in India was greater in the crop grown on Vertisols (up to 86%) compared to that on Alfisols (20%). Attempts to quantify the field effects of nodule damage on growth and yield of pigeonpea in a Vertisol, involving many heavy applications of soil insecticides (aldrin and hexachlorocyclohexane) failed because the insecticides did not control the pest and adversely affected the growth of the pigeonpea and the subsequent crop of sorghum (Sorgorum bicolor L. Moench). The impact of nodule damage on pigeonpea growth, yield and nutrient uptake was successfully studied in greenhouse-grown plants at three N levels. In this pot study, artificial inoculation with Rivellia sp. led to substantial nodule damage (70%). The results of this damage were a significant overall reduction in nodule dry weight (46%), acetylene reduction activity (31%), total leaf area (36%), chlorophyll content of leaves (39%) and shoot dry weight (23%) 68 days after sowing. At maturity, Rivellia sp. infestation caused significant reductions in top dry weight (22%), root and nodule dry weight (27%), seed dry weight (14%), and total N (29%) and P uptake (19%). The problems and prospects of manipulating nodule damage so as to reduce N losses in pigeonpea are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...