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  • Industrial Chemistry
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (172)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • American Institute of Physics
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
  • 1985-1989  (172)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (172)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • American Institute of Physics
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
Years
Year
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of turbulence on heat and mass transfer in stagnation flowsPaper presented at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure”, Freiburg, September 30 to October 2, 1987.Dedicated to Professor Dr. Josef Kestin on the occasion of his 75th birthday (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 12 (1989), S. 176-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The influence of turbulence on local heat and mass transfer is systematically analyzed. Essential prerequisite is the availability of measurement methods, based on convective mass transfer, which allow the visualization of heat and mass transfer distributions. The results show that, even at low turbulence intensities, the flow and transport phenomena are decisively influenced by the specific design of turbulence grids and the orientation of the grid wires with respect to the stagnation line. Thereby, two different flow mechanisms occur which may interact. The anisotropy of grid turbulence leads to the “wire-gap effect” depending on the actual position of the grid wires in relation to the stagnation line. The other mechanism is based on the wavy wake velocity distribution behind screens and grid which, in conjunction with the centrifugal instability of stagnation flows, may lead to longitudinal vortices. The results indicate why turbulence has not been sufficiently considered in the available (semi-) empirical correlations. Information needed for an accurate prediction of heat and mass transfer in turbulence flows is discussed.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270120124
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction of energy requirements in distillationExtended version of a paper presented at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure”, Freiburg, September 30 to October 2, 1987. (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 12 (1989), S. 163-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Distillation has been, up to now, the standard method for separating fluid mixtures in the process industry and the consensus is that it will remain so for years to come. The only disadvantage of distillation is its high energy requirement. In the following, it will be demonstrated on the example of an ideal ternary mixture, how the energy requirement of distillation process can be reduced. Very effective are some modifications of single columns, optimization of column sequences and direct or indirect column coupling. It will be shown that, just by column coupling, the energy requirement can be reduced to a third.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270120122
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Venturi scrubber calculation and optimization (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 12 (1989), S. 188-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Collection efficiency and pressure loss of a venturi scrubber can usually be determined from the calculation models of Barth and Calvert. However, this only leads to reasonable results if the droplets are uniformly distributed throughout each cross-section of the washing zone. In this work, a two-zone models is developed which allows the calculation of the venturi scrubber at operating conditions with a non-uniform droplet distribution. The scrubber geometry is also taken into account. A venturi scrubber was developed on the basis of this new model. Its energy consumption is significantly lower than the well-Known optimum characteristic of Wicke and Holzer. For ideal operating conditions, a new optimum characteristic is given which should be the aim of future optimizations.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270120125
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Model concept of floc disintegration in centrifugal fields (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 12 (1989), S. 200-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A model of floc destruction resulting form mass forces in a centrifugal field is postulated and its validity examined. This model is to be regarded as a supplement to the existing shear-loading disagglomeration models. In order to verify this additional floc disintegration mechanism, appropriate investigations were carried out with flocculated suspensions of silica and Hamburg dock sludge. As a result, in addition to floc disintegration by shear forces within a turbulent flow and in the centrifuge inlet, the existence of another mechanism was demonstrated. This consists in the floc destruction in a centrifugal field where particles in excess of a certain size, or specifically heavier components, are preferentially torn out of the floc. This floc disintegration by mass forces can lead to a classification effect in centrifuges which also subject the flocs to instant high centrifugal forces.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270120127
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass transfer and chemical reaction in fluid two-phase systemsPresented in part at the 21th meeting of the Dechema-Arbeitsausschuß “Technische Reaktionen” together with the GVC-Fachausschuß “Technische Reaktionsführung” in Aronoldsheim/Taunus, 10-11th February 1982. (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 12 (1989), S. 195-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Steady-state concentrations of the transferred reactant in the bulk phase and the non-flowing diffusion boundary layer of an isothermal, isobaric two-phase reactor with an irreversible first-order reaction and constant composition of one phase.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270120126
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of aeration capacity of fermenters (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 12 (1989), S. 213-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Important aspects of K1a measurement in agitated aerated vessels are briefly characterized from the standpoint of reliability of the measured data. An analysis of the shortcomings of dynamic methods for measuring the K1a is given. A new modification of the dynamic method is proposed, which excludes these inadequacies through a special experimental arrangement. This was verified by comparing the data with those obtained by an independent steady-state method. The new method can serve as a standard of reference, suitable for testing newly developed methods for K1a measurement. The initial response method was tested in this way in non-coalescent liquids, and shown to lead to errors of the order of hundreds of percent. K1a values obtained with the initial response method were found to depend strongly on the probe's location in the vessel.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270120129
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of mixing and residence time distributions in nozzle-type reactors (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 12 (1989), S. 262-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Studies of flow characteristics and residence time distribution, (RTD), have been undertaken in a range of geometrically similar, laboratory nozzle-type reactors. High-speed cine-photography was employed to record the complex phenomena of liquid mixing in the reactor and also to record on film the colour of an injected tracer solution leaving in the effluent. A novel atomic absorption spectrophotometric (AAS) technique was applied to transform the results of the latter film into response curves. This technique provide detailed quantitative data on the residence time distributions (RTD) for different feed rates. A multiparameter model, comprising a network of CSTR's and plug flows, was developed to simulate the experimental response data. Good agreement was obtained between model predictions and experimental results. The experimental technique and theoretical approach are recommended for analyzing the flow patterns and mixing mechanisms in such reactors.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270120136
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Streamline-upwind/Petrov-galerkin finite element methods in polymer processing (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 12 (1989), S. 269-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270120137
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vapour-liquid equilibria of hydrogen/coal liquid and methane/coal liquid systems at elevated temperatures and pressures (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 12 (1989), S. 280-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A cubic equation of state is modified in such a way that prediction of PVT data from 40 model compounds, typical of coal oil, becomes possible with an absolute mean deviation of less than 2% for saturated liquid volumes and vapour pressures 〉 1 bar. Additional correlations for binary interaction parameters are obtained by an optimization procedure using vapour-liquid euilibrium (VLE) data from known heavy hydrocarbon liquid/light gas systems. When the modified equation is applied to coal-derived liquids, only specific gravity and boiling analysis data of the coal liquids are required, primarily in order to determine the equation-of-state parameters. The proposed equation is shown to allow a good prediction of VLE data for systems consisting of wide-boiling-range coal oils and light gases. Experimental values were obtained at elevated temperatures and pressures with a circulation flow apparatus.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270120139
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heat transfer enhancement in fin-plate heat exchangers by wing type vortex generatorsDedicated to Professor Dr. Klaus Gersten on the occasion of his birthday. (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 12 (1989), S. 288-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Heat transfer and fluid mechanical data were computed for laminar channel flows containing strong longitudinal vortex pairs. The strong vortices are generated by thin delta wings and delta winglet pairs of low aspect ratios and large angles of attack. These wings are attached to the channel walls. The data show that longitudinal vortices cause high local peaks in heat transfer and marked increases in the overall channel heat transfer. These increases occur over a wide region of channel wall, compared to the vortex generating wing area. The results are of special interest for compact heat exchangers. The heat transfer enhancement allows a considerable reduction in the heat transfer area which, in turn, reduces the manufacturing and operating costs.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270120140
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