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  • Articles  (36,636)
  • 1985-1989  (36,636)
  • Economics  (36,636)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    LONGITUDINAL MEASURES OF POVERTY: ACCOUNTING FOR INCOME AND ASSETS OVER TIME (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 35 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper uses data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation to estimate durations of poverty spells and to determine whether temporarily poor families have sufficient assets to cover the shortfall of their incomes below poverty—their personal poverty gaps. If poverty is measured using monthly rather than annual income data, four times as many persons enter poverty, but most spells are short: the median duration is between four and six months. More than one-third of all poverty spells are eliminated if financial assets are used to fill poverty gaps, but remaining poverty spells are longer. Separate estimates are made for the elderly and for families with children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1989.tb00591.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE AND INEQUALITY IN THE SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS OF LABOR AND NONLABOR INCOME (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 35 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper utilizes a joint distribution model of labor and nonlabor income that allows us to analyze the impact of demographic change in the U.S. on the marginal distributions of these two income components over time. The beta distribution of the second kind is the hypothetical statistical distribution used in this study to approximate the observed income graduation. This distribution is sum stable which allows us to compare and contrast the marginal distributions in a consistent manner, a property most hypothesized functional forms of income distribution do not possess. We are in effect using a hyperparameter model to do our estimation. We examined the impact of changes over time in labor force participation and population on the marginal distributions of labor and nonlabor income. We disaggregated the variables by sex and age cohorts and found that changes in the age distribution and in the labor supply behavior of women in particular has had a significant effect on the marginal income distributions over time. We also found that the results vary when we examined overall changes in the labor force participation rate vis a vis changes in women's labor force participation separately. The findings are consistent for both income components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1989.tb00594.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HOW TO TREAT NON-PRODUCED ASSETS AND EXCEPTIONAL EVENTS IN THE NATIONAL ACCOUNTS? CONSIDERATIONS ON THE VARIATIONS IN WEALTH ACCOUNTING (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 35 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1989.tb00588.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON OF PURCHASING POWER, REAL OUTPUT AND LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY: A CASE STUDY OF BRAZILIAN, MEXICAN AND U.S. MANUFACTURING, 1975 (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 35 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This study has a twofold objective: (a) a substantive analysis of purchasing power parities (PPP's), real output and labour productivity in Brazil, Mexico and the U.S.A.; and (b) a methodological survey of the analytic problems in measuring PPP's from the production side, rather than the expenditure approach used by the United Nations (ICP). Our main substantive findings were that PPP's for manufacturing did not vary greatly from the 1975 exchange rates, that labour productivity was surprisingly high in the two Latin American countries, and that there are substantial differences in the coverage of national accounts between Mexico and Brazil. We found census concepts of value added to be rather anachronistic, particularly in the U.S.A.; we developed a new short-cut matching procedure for industries with a complex product structure; and we found the unit value approach not inferior to the specification pricing practiced by ICP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1989.tb00581.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE NONPROFIT SECTOR OF THE U.S. ECONOMY: A METHODOLOGICAL STATEMENT (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 35 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: United States input-output accounts identify and measure the interrelationships between the various industries in the United States economy. However, these accounts do not identify nonprofit activities from their for-profit counterparts in the service-producing sector. This paper, prepared by Gabriel Rudney and Paula Young, presents the methodology and summary data produced by disaggregating the service-producing industries to identify separately nonprofit activities.The input-output accounts for 1977 produced in this study include 107 industries, but in this paper the results are summarized into 14 industries showing only nonprofit and for-profit components. The GNP and total outputs in this study are consistent with the revised input-output accounts for 1977 prepared by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1989.tb00582.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A CONCEPT OF SATELLITE ACCOUNT IN THE REVISED SNA (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 34 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Within the last two decades, national accountants wondered whether they were able to solve problems that in many respects were of the squaring the circle type: how could they embellish their representation of the economy without having their instrument grow heavier and less flexible? How could they elaborate synthetic frameworks in fields of collective concern that could both be specific and insure a dialogue with macroeconomics? How to keep consistent with the central framework and at the same time experiment with some freedom and flexibility. Satellite accounts are an answer to these questions. Much experience has been accumulated on satellite accounts in both national statistical offices and in international organisations. This paper provides a survey of this work. After an introduction (Part 1) devoted to stating the question, we try to propose a classification for the different types of satellite accounts (Part 2). Then we show their common characteristics (Part 3). However, this exercise would still remain abstract if we did not present samples of currently produced accounts. That is what we do in Part 4 with four examples. These examples have purposely been chosen in fields where many countries and international organizations have heavy investments, thus insuring the specific results will be obvious.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1988.tb00578.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Announcement (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 34 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1988.tb00579.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MICROBUSINESS ACCOUNTING AND MACROECONOMIC ACCOUNTING: THE LIMITS TO CONSISTENCY (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 32 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The paper is concerned with analyzing the consistency problem that arises when the macroenterprise sector of a nation's accounting system is put on a microdata foundation. This foundation is composed of sets of microbusiness accounts, after some appropriate rearrangements and reclassifications. We pose the question: can the macroenterprise sector accounts be regarded as a consolidation of (observed) microbusiness accounts? The answer is positive from a purely conceptual viewpoint, but negative from a statistical viewpoint which preserves the decision-making records of microbusiness units. The latter phenomenon is referred to as the limits to (statistical) consistency while attempting to maintain the viability of a national accounting system.The analysis proceeds by exploiting the structural properties of market transactions matrices for a nation's economy. The results are sufficiently general to encompass the case where the transaction matrices are initially characterized by both sectoral discrepancies and transaction flow category discrepancies. In this general context it is shown that the statistical inconsistency potentially resulting from the replacement of the macroenterprise sector by an aggregation of microbusiness units has certain properties with economic meaning. This leads to a discussion that explains the ultimate rationale of statistical inconsistency: the fact that different microeconomic decision units may have different views and knowledge of common market transactions. The paper concludes with some implications for future research that appear to follow from the historical development of the subject matter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1986.tb00538.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MARKET TRANSACTIONS IN THE NATIONAL ACCOUNTS (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 32 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper explains the treatment of market and non-market transactions in the national accounts. Different possibilities of defining these two types of transactions are discussed, and it becomes evident that a strong restriction of national accounts to market transactions only cannot be seriously taken into consideration. On the other hand, a system of supplementary tables is proposed which shows the market and the non-market transactions as such. Examples of tables of this kind are presented for the Federal Republic of Germany.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1986.tb00536.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE CONCEPT OF MACROECONOMIC COST AND ITS UTILITY (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 32 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The proposed “Variable Domestic Cost” includes all net payments by sectors belonging to the productive system (enterprises, credit institutions and government) to all other sectors (households, private non-profit organizations and the rest of the world). Compared with the rate of growth of demand, represented by Gross Domestic Marketable Product at current prices, the rate of growth of VDC per unit produced forms the “profitability function of the nation.” Profitability is positively related to the rate of economic growth and to the price/cost relation. A relative deceleration of unit VDC stimulates economic growth, which enlarges the positive difference between price and cost, and that, in turn, accelerates economic growth. Inversely, a relative acceleration of unit VDC brakes economic growth, while a slowdown in production raises unit costs and depresses prices. The resulting fall in profitability stops economic growth.The main explanatory variables of demand are World trade, monetary and fiscal policy and import prices. The main components of VDC are enterprises' wage costs, social benefits minus social contributions and the government wage bill minus direct taxes payable by households. The fact that in West Germany all these unit costs were increasing more slowly than in France explains why Geman economic growth, much slower than French before 1975, outpaced it after that year, achieving a lower rate of inflation, a larger positive balance of trade and a higher appreciation of the national currency.The concept of VDC is a useful contribution to the theories of inflation and of economic fluctuations and provides a possible explanation of structural unemployment. Maintaining VDC at a lowest possible level should be considered a major object of economic policy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1986.tb00526.x
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