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  • Articles  (19)
  • motility  (19)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (19)
  • Institute of Physics
  • Springer Nature
  • 1985-1989  (19)
  • 1935-1939
  • Medicine  (19)
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  • Articles  (19)
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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (19)
  • Institute of Physics
  • Springer Nature
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bending patterns of Chlamydomonas flagella: II. Calcium effects on reactivated Chlamydomonas flagella (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 53-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: calcium ; Chlamydomonas ; flagella ; motility ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Ca2+ has profound effects on the movement of cilia and eukaryotic flagella, including those of Chlamydomonas. Two clear changes seen in Chlamydomonas flagella with changes in Ca2+ are beat frequency and symmetry. Photographic and computer assisted analysis of flagellar bending patterns on a uniflagellate mutant of Chlamydomonas have been used to examine details of the effects of Ca2+ on the movement of ATP-reactivated, demembranated flagella. In addition to the forward mode bending pattern seen at low Ca2+ concentrations (10-9 M), which has a frequency of about 50 Hz and the reverse mode bending pattern seen at high Ca2+ concentrations (10-4 M) with a frequency around 70 Hz, we carefully examined bending patterns in the intermediate Ca2+ concentration range of 1-6.5 × 10-6 M. In this intermediate range, the bending patterns have significantly reduced asymmetry and slightly increased frequency, compared to the motility observed at low Ca2+ concentrations. These observations indicate that changes in these two parameters of motion do not occur in parallel and suggest that the effects of Ca2+ may be a multicomponent process. Physiologically, these changes in the beat pattern at intermediate Ca2+ may signal either (1) the beginning stages of transition to the symmetrical, high-frequency beating seen at high Ca2+, or (2) a more normal forward mode motility for the trans flagellum as suggested by Kamiya and Witman [1984]. No large amplitude bending patterns associated with transitions between forward and reverse mode beating in intact cells were seen at the intermediate Ca2+ concentrations.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050105
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of chlamydomonas dynein with tubulin (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 9 (1988), S. 129-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: microtubules ; motility ; cilia ; surface lattice ; biotin ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Studies were conducted to determine if dynein could bind to unpolymerized tubulin. Tubulin alone normally fractionated in the included volume of a molecular sieve Bio-Gel A-1.5m column. Incubated together, tubulin and dynein coeluted in the void volumn, suggesting that a complex had formed between the two. In addition, immunoelectron microscopy revealed preassembled microtubules were labeled with biotin antibody only when incubated in both dynein and biotinylated tubulin, evidence that dynein with bound biotinylated tubulin had decorated the microtubules. A fraction of the tubulin could be dissociated from dynein by addition of ATP and vanadate, as assayed by molecular sieve chromatography followed by densitometry of gels, suggesting that some tubulin bound to the B end of the dynein arm. Additional tubulin dissociated from the dynein under conditions of high salt. These studies, together with those indicating that tubulin blocked the A end of the dynein arm from binding to microtubules and promoted the interaction of two arms at their A ends, provide evidence that the A end of the arm also can bind tubulin. Thus, the tubulin subunits, themselves, on a microtubule rather than a particular surface lattice structure formed by adjacent protofilaments may provide the binding sites for both ends of the dynein arm.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970090205
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alteration of the distribution of intermediate filaments in PtK1 cells by acrylamide II: Effect on the organization of cytoplasmic organelles (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 6 (1986), S. 15-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: cytoskeleton ; keratin ; vimentin ; microtubules ; saltatory movements ; motility ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The distribution and motility of cytoplasmic particles was examined in PtK1 cells in which intermediate filament networks had been disrupted by acrylamide. In these cells, particles (mitochondria and vesicles) accumulated near the cell center although saltatory movements continued. This left a broad sheet of agranular cytoplasm at the periphery of the cell. Particles were capable of movement into this sheet. Intermediate filaments were absent in the peripheral cytoplasm although microtubules remained in a normal configuration. Particles apparently move along the microtubules. These results indicate that particle movement along microtubules is not dependent upon the normal configuration of intermediate filaments. It is suggested that intermediate filaments are necessary for normal organelle distribution and serve as a matrix with which particles can associate to maintain position.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970060104
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vesikin, a vesicle associated ATPase from squid axoplasm and optic lobe, has characteristics in common with vertebrate brain MAP 1 and MAP 2 (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 10 (1988), S. 246-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: axoplasmic transport ; motility ; microtubules ; MAPs ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Vesikin, a protein that can associate with squid axoplasmic vesicles or optic lobe microtubuies, has been implicated as a force-generating molecule involved in microtubule-dependent vesicle transport [Gilbert and Sloboda, 1986, 1988]. Because vesikin crossreacts with an antibody to porcine brain microtubule associated protein 2 (MAP 2), studies were conducted to compare squid vesikin and brain MAPs. When taxol stabilized microtubules containing vesikin as a microtubule associated protein were incubated in the presence of ATP, vesikin dissociated from the microtubule subunit lattice. This behavior would be expected for an ATP-dependent, force generating molecule that serves as a crossbridge between vesicles and microtubules. When chick brain microtubules were treated under the same conditions, MAP 2 remained bound to the microtubules while MAP 1 dissociated in a manner similar to vesikin. One dimensional peptide mapping procedures revealed that, although digestion of vesikin and MAP 2 generated several peptides common to both proteins, vesikin and MAP 2 are clearly not identical. Furthermore, the addition of vesikin or MAPS 1 and 2 to purified tubulin stimulated microtubule assembly in a manner dependent on the concentration of added protein. These findings demonstrate that brain MAPs share characteristics common to squid vesikin and support the suggestion that brain MAPs 1 and 2 might act as a force generating complex for vesicle transport in higher organisms.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970100129
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid growth cone translocation on laminin is supported by lamellipodial not filopodial structures (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 13 (1989), S. 288-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: lamellipodia ; motility ; neurite regeneration ; f-actin, filopodia ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: To determine the relationship between growth cone structure and motility, we compared the neurite extension rate, the form of individual growth cones, and the organization of f-actin in embryonic (E21) and postnatal (P30) sympathetic neurons in culture. Neurites extended faster on laminin than on collagen, but the P30 neurites were less than half as long as E21 neurites on both substrata. Growth cone shape was classified into one of five categories, ranging from fully lamellipodial to blunt endings. The leading margins of lamellipodia advanced smoothly across the substratum ahead of any filopodial activity and contained meshworks of actin filaments with no linear f-actin bundles, indicating that filopodia need not undirlie lamellipodia. Rapid translocation (averaging 0.9-1.4 μm/min) was correlated with the presence of lamellipodia; translocation associated with filopodia averaged only 0.3-0.5 μm/min. This relationship extended to growth cones on a branched neurite where the translocation of each growth cone was dependent on its shape. Growth cones with both filopodial and lamellipodial components moved at intermediate rates. The prevalence of lamellipodial growth cones depended on age of the neurites; early in culture, 70% of E21 growth cones were primarily lamellipodial compared to 38% of P30 growth cones. A high percentage of E21 lamellipodial growth cones were associated with rapid neurite elongation (1.2 mm/day), whereas a week later, only 16% were lamellipodial, and neurites extended at 0.5 mm/day. Age-related differences in neurite extension thus reflected the proportion of lamellipodial growth cones present rather than disparties in basic structure or in the rates at which growth cones of a given type moved at different ages. Filopodia and lamellipodia are each sufficient to advance the neurite margin; however, rapid extension of superior cervical ganglion neurites was supported by lamellipodia independent of filopodial activity.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970130407
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology of fibroblasts in collagen gels: A study using 400 keV electron microscopy and computer graphics (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 14 (1989), S. 382-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: motility ; cell surface ; cytoskeleton ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have used 400 kilovoit intermediate voltage electron microscopy (IVEM) to examine thick sections of fibroblasts cultured in collagen gels. In these 3D collagen lattices, the long, narrow pseudopodial extensions that extend out and make contact with the collagen matrix exhibit a complex topography not seen in the processes put out by cells moving on planar substrata. For this reason, sections 1 to 2 μm thick that enclose a whole cell process are more informative of the overall morphology of the interaction between cells and the collagen than are thin sections. To aid the discrimination of topography of cell processes in stereo views of micrographs, some cells were labeled with antibodies and protein A-colloidal gold conjugates. The gold particles provided clear 3D reference points for computeraided reconstructions of membrane topography from tilt series of IVEM images. Our results confirm that cells that move through collagen lattices lack the wellspread morphology of their counterparts moving on glass. They are generally rather spindly with several long branching anterior pseudopodia. We found that the cell bodies and major pseudopodial processes were cylindrical, as one might expect of cells in a 3D environment, but at the leading edge of advancing pseudopodia there are small flat extensions similar to those seen in cells on glass. This similarity suggests that the lamellipodium is a basic type ofprotrusive structure used by fibroblasts during locomotion on all types of substratum. The flattened shape of lamellipodia may be part of the mechanism by which cells sense the orientation of fibrillar extracellular matrices during embryonic morphogenesis.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970140308
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bending patterns of Chlamydomonas flagella: IV. Mutants with defects in inner and outer dynein arms indicate differences in dynein arm function (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 8 (1987), S. 68-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: dynein ; flagella ; motility ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Mutants with outer dynein arm defects or deficiencies all show a major reduction in beat frequency to about half the normal value; some of these mutants show an additional decrease in sliding velocity associated with reduced shear amplitude and an additional reduction in beat frequency, as well as other more minor modifications of the normal forward mode bending pattern. New mutants (ida98, pf30), which appear to be deficient in a subset of inner dynein arms show a reduction in sliding velocity that is primarily associated with a reduction in shear amplitude, with only a small reduction in beat frequency. These differences in motility phenotype between inner and outer dynein arm mutants suggest that inner and outer dynein arms may have distinct functions. The relatively large decrease in sliding velocity associated with partial loss of inner arms is consistent with earlier observations on pf23, a nonmotile mutant lacking inner arms, suggesting that inner arms may have an essential function in motility. The ability to generate reverse mode bending patterns is retained in some inner or outer dynein arm mutants, but appears to be decreased in those mutants which show reduced shear amplitude for the forward mode bending pattern.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970080110
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Live and reactivated motility in the 9 + 0 flagellum of Anguilla sperm (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 333-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: eel sperm ; 9+0 flagellum ; motility ; helicoidal bending ; reactivation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The sperm flagella of the eel, Anguilla anguilla, are capable of vigorous motion in spite of having an axoneme with reduced structure that lacks the outer dynein arms, radial spokes and spoke heads, the two central tubules and the central tubule projections that are all part of the standard “9+2” axoneme. These sperm progress forward rapidly as a result of the propagation of helicoidal waves distally along the flagellum. Their flagellar beat frequencies are high, 93 Hz at 21°C, and they roll at a frequency of about 19 Hz. Eel sperm could be demembranated with Nonidet P-40 and reactivated with MgATP2- in 0.22 M K acetate at pH 8.1. The reactivated motility closely resembles that of the live sperm, with a beat frequency of 69 Hz, but the demembranated flagella are unusually fragile, and commonly disintegrate by a combination of splitting, coiling, and sliding within a few minutes. Little reactivation is obtained if acetate is replaced by Cl- in the reactivating medium. The Michaelis constant for beat frequency (0.2 mM) is similar to that obtained for several “9+2” flagella. These sperm, however, appear to lack the mechanism by which Ca2+ regulates waveform. Our results indicate that eel sperm flagella, which at rest are straight, are induced to bend helicoidally by ATP, as the result of sliding between tubules that is blocked at both the base and tip of the organelle. The flagellar waveform consists of a series of planar bends separated by short regions of right-handed twist, which give it an overall left-handed helicoidal form.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050406
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the flagellar bending waves of ejaculated ram sperm (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 8 (1987), S. 261-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: spermatozoa ; flagella ; motility ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The variability of flagellar movement, illustrated by the highly heterogenous nature of the ejaculated sperm population of the ram, was analyzed by the use of a stroboscopic technique and an adapted microphotographic 24 × 36 camera system. The multiple-moving-exposures (MME) records give very distinct successive sequences of the flagellar beats and are particularly suitable for the analysis of bend development and propagation along the tail. With this technique, the parameters of the flagellar bending waves of ejaculated ram sperm have been determined. Most of the sperm have planar flagellar beatings; few are rolling under the conditions of observation. The trajectories of the gametes are mostly linear; nevertheless, some have circular paths. The analysis of bending has been focused on two examples for which the difference in the progressiveness ratio was maximum. The circular pathways for ram spermatozoa are linked to an asymmetry between principal and reverse bend probably induced by differences in wave propagation evidenced along the flagellum. A typical sperm flagellar movement may be related either to the conditions of the observations or to some differences in the maturation process of the sperm.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970080307
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biophysics of the leading lamella (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 10 (1988), S. 164-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: motility ; lamella ; cytoskeleton ; membrane ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970100121
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