ALBERT — All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

Treffer pro Seite

Treffer 1 - 5 | 5 Treffer

Sortierung

Digitale Medien

A review of the literature on the gaseous products and toxicity generated from the pyrolysis and combustion of rigid polyurethane foamsThis paper is a contribution of the National Bureau of Standards and is not subject to copyright (1987)

Paabo, Maya ; Levin, Barbara C.

New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Fire and Materials 11 (1987), S. 1-29

zur Merkliste hinzufügen auf der Merkliste

Details

ISSN: 0308-0501

Schlagwort(e): carbon monoxide ; combustion products ; fire retardants ; hydrogen cyanide ; literature reviews ; polyurethane foams ; rigid foams ; thermal decomposition ; toxicity ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Maschinenbau

Notizen: The literature on rigid polyurethane foam has been reviewed with an emphasis on the gaseous products generated under various thermal decomposition conditions and the toxicity of those products. This review is limited to publications in English through 1984. Carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) were the predominant toxicants found among more than a hundred other gaseous products. The generation of CO and HCN was found to increase with increasing combustion products from various rigid polyurethane foams. Lethality, incapacitation, physiological and biochemical parameters were employ as biological end points. In general, the combustion products generated from rigid polyurethane foam in the flaming mode appear from to be more toxic than those produced in the non-flaming mode. The LC50 values for 30-min exposures ranged from 10 to 17 mg l-1 in the flaming mode and were greater then 34 mg l-1 in the non-flaming mode. With the exception of one case, in which a reactive type phosphorus containing fire retardant was used, the addition of fire retardants to rigid polyurethane foams does not appear to generate unusual toxic combustion products.

Zusätzliches Material: 33 Tab.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810110102

Permalink

	Standort	Signatur	Erwartet	Verfügbarkeit

Andere fanden auch interessant ...

Artikel (Nationallizenzen)

Volltext

Digitale Medien

Polystyrenes: A review of the literature on the products of thermal decomposition and toxicity (1987)

Gurman, Joshua L. ; Baier, Laura ; Levin, Barbara C.

New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Fire and Materials 11 (1987), S. 109-130

zur Merkliste hinzufügen auf der Merkliste

Details

ISSN: 0308-0501

Schlagwort(e): combustion products ; fire data ; literature reviews ; polystyrene ; pyrolysis products ; test methods ; toxicity ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Maschinenbau

Notizen: The current English literature through 1984 on the products of pyrolysis and combustion from polystyrenes and the toxicity of those products is reviewed. Among 57 compounds detected by chemical analyses of the thermal decomposition products produced under various atmospheric conditions (vacuum, inert and oxidative), the main volatile component is the styrene monomer, Evidence is provided that the mass fraction of styrene increases with furnace temperatures at least through 500°C. At 800°C and above, the concentration of styrene decreases. In oxidative atmospheres, carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxidative hydrocarbons are formed. The concentrations of CO and CO2 are a function of temperature and combustion conditions, i.e. greater amounts are produced in the flaming than in the non-flaming mode. Eleven different test procedures were used to evaluate the toxicity of the pyrolysis and combustion atmospheres of polystyrenes. The more toxic environments produced under flaming conditions appear to be mainly attributed to CO and CO2 but rather to some other toxicant, probably the styrene monomer. When compared with other common materials used in buildings and residences, polystyrenes, in general, are among the least toxic.

Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810110302

Permalink

	Standort	Signatur	Erwartet	Verfügbarkeit

Andere fanden auch interessant ...

Artikel (Nationallizenzen)

Volltext

Digitale Medien

Toxicity of the pyrolysis and combustion products of poly(vinyl chlorides): A literature assessment (1987)

Huggett, Clayton ; Levin, Barbara C.

New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Fire and Materials 11 (1987), S. 131-142

zur Merkliste hinzufügen auf der Merkliste

Details

ISSN: 0308-0501

Schlagwort(e): carbon monoxide ; combustion products ; hydrochloric acid ; large-scale fire tests ; polyvinyl chloride ; pyrolysis products ; small-scale fire tests ; toxicity ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Maschinenbau

Notizen: Poly(vinyl chlorides) (PVC) constitute a major class of synthetic plastics, Many surveys of the voluminous literature have been performed. This report reviews the literature published in English from 1969 through 1984 and endeavors to be more interpretive than comprehensive. PVC compounds, in general, are among the more fire resistant common organic polymers, natural or synthetic. The major products of thermal decomposition include hydrogen chloride, benzene and unsaturated hydrocarbons. In the presence of oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and water are included among the common combustion products. The main toxic products from PVC fires are hydrogen chloride (a sensory and pulmonary irritant) and carbon monoxide (an asphyxiant). The LC50 value calculated for a series of natural and synthetic materials thermally decomposed according to the NBS toxicity test method ranged from 0.045 to 57 mg l-1 in the flaming mode and from 0.045 to 〉 40 mg l-1 in the non-flaming mode. The LC50 results for a PVC resin decomposed under the same conditions were 17 mg l-1 in the flaming mode and 20 mg l-1 in the non-flaming mode. These results indicate that PVC decomposition products are not extremely toxic when compared with those from other common building materials. When the combustion toxicity (based on their HCI content) of PVC materials in compared with pure HCI experiments, it appears that much of the post-exposure toxicity can be explained by the HCI that is generated.

Zusätzliches Material: 12 Tab.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810110303

Permalink

	Standort	Signatur	Erwartet	Verfügbarkeit

Andere fanden auch interessant ...

Artikel (Nationallizenzen)

Volltext

Digitale Medien

A summary of the NBS literature reviews on the chemical nature and toxicity of the pyrolysis and combustion products from seven plastics: Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrenes (ABS), nylons, polyesters, polyethylenes, polystyrenes, poly(vinyl chlorides) and rigid polyurethane foams (1987)

Levin, Barbara C.

New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Fire and Materials 11 (1987), S. 143-157

zur Merkliste hinzufügen auf der Merkliste

Details

ISSN: 0308-0501

Schlagwort(e): ABS ; plastics ; chemistry ; combustion products ; literature reviews ; nylon ; polyester ; polyethylene ; polystyrene ; polyvinyl chloride ; pyrolysis products ; polyurethane foams ; rigid foams ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Maschinenbau

Notizen: A series of literature reviews was undertaken by the National Bureau of Standards to examine the toxicity and chemistry of the effluents produced when seven plastics were decomposed under various thermal and atmospheric condition. These plastics are: acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrenes, nylons, polyesters, polyethylenes, polystyrenes, poly(vinyl chlorides) and rigid polyurethane foams. The English-language literature on each of these was reviewed and published as a separate report of the National Bureau of Standards. Over 400 different thermal decomposition products, many common to more than one plastic, were identified. The toxicity of most of these individual products is products, many common to more than one plastic, were identified. The toxicity of most of these individual products is unknown and an assessment of the toxicity of the multitude of possible combinations is not feasible at this time. Therefore a variety of bioassay toxicity protocols have been used to assess the toxicity of the gaseous atmospheres generated by the thermal decomposition of these plastics. In general, these seven plastics did not produce unusually or extremely toxic pyrolysis or combustion products when compared with those of other synthetic or natural materials. In a few cases involving additives, toxic products of concern were produced.

Zusätzliches Material: 4 Tab.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810110304

Permalink

	Standort	Signatur	Erwartet	Verfügbarkeit

Andere fanden auch interessant ...

Artikel (Nationallizenzen)

Volltext

Digitale Medien

Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers (ABS): Pyrolysis and combustion products and their toxicity - a review of the literature (1986)

Rutkowski, Joseph V. ; Levin, Barbara C.

New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Fire and Materials 10 (1986), S. 93-105

zur Merkliste hinzufügen auf der Merkliste

Details

ISSN: 0308-0501

Schlagwort(e): ABS plastics ; carbon monoxide ; combustion products ; hydrogen cyanide ; literature reviews ; thermal decomposition ; toxicity ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Maschinenbau

Notizen: A review of literature was undertaken to ascertain the current knowledge of the nature of the thermal decomposition products generated from ABS and the toxicity of these evolved products in toto. The literature review encompasses English language publications available through June 1984. This literature surveyed showed that the principal ABS thermooxidative degradation products of toxicologic importance are carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide. The experimental generation of these and other volatile products is principally dependent upon the combustion conditions and the formulation of the plastic. The toxicity of ABS thermal degradation products has been evaluated by fire methods. The LC50 (30 min exposure + 14 day post-exposure period) values for flaming combustion ranged from 15.0 mgl-1 to 28.5 mgl-1. In the non-flaming mode of combustion, the LC50 values ranged from 19.3 Mgl-1 to 64.0 mgl-1. Therefore, no apparent toxicological difference exists between the flaming mode and the non-flaming mode. The toxicity of ABS degradation products was found to be comparable with the toxicity of the thermal decomposition products of other common polymeric materials.

Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810100303

Permalink

	Standort	Signatur	Erwartet	Verfügbarkeit

Andere fanden auch interessant ...

Artikel (Nationallizenzen)

Volltext

Treffer 1 - 5 | 5 Treffer