ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Articles  (121,873)
  • Springer  (68,511)
  • American Physical Society  (49,435)
  • Oxford University Press  (3,927)
  • 1985-1989  (104,659)
  • 1950-1954  (12,308)
  • 1945-1949  (4,906)
  • Physics  (121,873)
Collection
  • Articles  (121,873)
Source
Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
Journal
Topic
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Therapeutic laser guidelines: On the effects of laser radiation on human skin-fibroblast metabolism in culture (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 31-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Summary A promising field of laser utilization is the modification of cell behaviour. Acting on cell biological functions it might be possible to use them to improve medical therapies. This possibility suggests investigation of dosimetry guidelines employing different wavelenghts, power and exposure durations for future potential use of lasers in medicine. In this line of investigation, structural organization and viability of fibroblast has been studied, thus observing that the cell number remains unaltered by low density laser irradiation. Nevertheless, results observed in metabolism variation suggest that, with appropiate irradiation-protocol an efficient modality for enhancement or modulation of cell activity can be found, and thereafter used for therapeutical pourposes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02276668
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental effects of Argon and CO2 lasers on skin and vessels (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 95-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Summary Response of rabbit ear blood vessels and defects on the pig skin to Argon and CO2 lasers, (1 to 4 Watts and 0,1 to 0,2 sec pulses), were analysed. Examining lesion depth and its diameter, it was seen, using both lasers, that when power and time exposure increased, lesion depth increased as well, At the same time, when power was increased and the time of irradiation was constant, the diameter of the lesion remained approximately the same. Histologically, by using Argon laser at 1'5 W, there is no evidence of skin lesion but vessel coagulation occurs. On the other hand, more power (3 to 4 W) produces skin destruction. CO2 laser at 1'5 W causes skin destruction while 3 W penetrates deeper, cutting all tissues and producing vessel-wall fragmentation and haemorrhage. In contrast to CO2 laser, which definitly stops blood circulation by cutting the vessels, Argon laser entails many recurrences and vessels re-start circulation; a fact which is not desirable in cutaneous vascular disorders treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02276673
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The present state of safety laws and regulations in the FRG (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 213-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02276688
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Title: Development of national safety regulations for medical use of lasers in the Netherlands (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 235-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Until now there are no national safety regulations for the medical use of lasers in the Netherlands. However, a committee of experts from hospitals, Health Council of the Netherlands, TNO Medical Technology Unit and industry is preparing recommendations. Their work is based on MPE values and special measurements that are performed to assess divergence and intensity distribution of laser beams, as well as optical and thermal properties of materials that are used in the clinical setting. The final intention of the committee is to advise government and hospitals on technical, environmental and administrative measures for the safety of the various medical laser applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02276691
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The accident prevention regulation “Laser Radiation” (VGB 93) — Special regulations for the safe use of laser products in the Federal Republic of Germany (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 243-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Accident prevention regulations, e.g. VBG 93 “Laser Radiation”, are a national particularity in the FRG. The regulations issued by the injuries insurance institutes are binding upon employers and employees. The apparatus and equipment safety law makes the VBG 93 obligatory also for manufacturers and importers. National and international standards are referred to in relevant context in the VBG 93. The VBG 93 is also used by the governmental authorities for the protection of labour. The medical apparatus decree has to be observed also for medical application. Some important aspects of the VBG 93 will be described in detail.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02276693
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proposal for dosimetry of non-ionizing radiation (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 329-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract In general “Dose” by itself as an amount of energy is not a relevant parameter for the description of penetration by non-ionizing (laser) radiation. But dosimetry should not only include the measurements of relevant parameters and its relatioships to tissue effects but also include all possibilities of measurements and relationships which help to control the biological result on tissue by irraditation with non-ionizing laser radiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02276699
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser therapeutic guidelines used in the Lisbon Institute of Ophthalmology (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 361-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this paper the Author presents the guidelines of laser therapy in the Lisbon Institute of Ophthalmology, with spetial referance to the laser parameters, the ocular pathology imposing laser therapy and the necessary conditions for safety of the patient and of the doctor, operating with laser.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02276703
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of laser-tissue interactions through Raman spectroscopy (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 41-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract A review is presented of Raman spectroscopic applications in the study of laser-tissue interactions. The basic definitions of Raman spectroscopy are given with emphasis to those concepts and techniques which are relevant to biomedical material characterization. Representative problems from current literature will be discussed, like atherosclerosis of human vessels, eye lens aging, formation and diagnosis of cataracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02276669
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of lasers for photodynamic therapy with a phthalocyanine photosensitizer (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 7-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Three different lasers were compared under the same conditions for their effectiveness at producing photodynamic damage to normal colon following sensitization with aluminium sulphonated phthalocyanine (AlSPc). One laser was an argon ion pumped continuous wave (CW) dye laser and the other two were pulsed at 10 kHz (copper vapour laser pumped dye laser, and 5 Hz (flashlamp pumped dye laser). The CW and 10 kHz laser were equally effective at producing damage. The 5 Hz laser failed to produce a photodynamic effect, although occasionally caused a photomechanical effect when the laser fibre was placed touching the colonic mucosa. Quantitative analysis suggests that the high energy pulses of the flashlamp pumped dye laser saturate AlSPc, so very little of the available energy can be used to produce a photodynamic effect, in contrast to the two other lasers which do not produce saturation conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032503
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of the non-contact mode of YAG laser on pulmonary tissues and its comparison with electrodiathermy: An anatomo-pathological study (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 17-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: YAG Laser/Electrodiathermy ; Pulmonary tissue
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract An anatomo-pathological study was undertaken to evaluate the early effects of high and low powered non-contact mode of YAG laser on pulmonary tissue and to compare these effects with those resulting from electro-diathermy. In 40 patients with bronchial carcinoma, thoracotomy was carried out using conventional surgical methods, the part of the lung destined to be excised was then exposed to: Non-contact YAG laser of high or low power (Group A, n=15); cutting/ or coagulation electro-diathermy (Group B,n=15); and mixed (blend) cutting and coagulation electro-diathermy (Group C,n=10). The results indicated that high power non-contact YAG laser is capable of incising the pulmonary parenchyma without bleeding or air leak, only the larger and sub-segmental vessels and bronchial branches needed suturing. This was not the case for electro-diathermy, either in its cutting or blend form. The low power laser was capable of sealing off the superficial bleeding vessels and contracting the alveolar sacs, thus preventing bleeding and air leak. Only the superficial bleeding could be stopped by coagulation diathermy which had no effect in preventing air leak from the parenchyma. Microscopically, apart from evaporation, laser produced charring and coagulative necrosis in the remaining exposed tissue. No evaporation of tissue occurred with electro-diathermy (either in its cutting, blend or coagulation mode). Only a very limited charring and coagulative necrosis was present in the remaining tissues exposed to coagulation electro-diathermy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032505
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Open lung surgery with Nd-YAG Laser (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 13-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Nd-YAG laser ; Open lung surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract We report on nineteen patients who successfully underwent open lung performance with a Nd-YAG laser in the period December 1987 to August 1988. Reasons for laser operations were lung metastases (twelve cases), lung fibrosis (five patients), one lung cyst and one tuberculoma. We used the Nd-YAG laser in non-contact mode, with focus hand-piece spot size of 1.5 mm, a continual 1064 nm wavelength and a power output 90 W. In these nineteen cases we performed 35 laser photoablations of lung tissue. All patients healed without any serious complications. The major advantage of Nd-YAG laser beam in open lung surgery is in the rapid sealing effect of small airways and of blood vessels up to 3 mm. The Nd-YAG laser seems to be very suitable for operations in lung periphery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032504
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book reviews (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 65-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032510
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Meetings announcements (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 71-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032512
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photodynamic treatment of cholesteatoma of the ear induced experimentally in rabbits: Preliminary report (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 111-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Cholesteatoma ; Haematoporphyrin ; Photo-dynamic therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract In a previous project on haematoporphyrin (HP) uptake by experimentally induced cholesteatoma of the rabbit, it was shown that HP concentration was remarkably high in the cholesteatoma, with a peak at three hours after intravenous administration of the drug. On the basis of these results an attempt was made to destroy the matrix of cholesteatoma by means of photodynamic therapy. Cholesteatomas were induced bilaterally in the ears of eight rabbits which were divided into two groups, according to the interval between HP administration (5 mg/kg body weight) and irradiation. The irradiation was carried out with light at 600–680 nm, filtered from the emission a quartz halogen lamp (dose rate 300 mW cm−2; total dose 120 J cm−2). The first group was submitted to photodynamic therapy after three hours and the second after twelve hours. In both groups half the rabbits were sacrificed at 24 h and half at 48 h post-irradiation. Histological studies showed significant vascular lesions, necrosis of the wall of the cholesteatoma, interstitial extravasation of blood, and oedema in a high percentage of the animals. The lesions were much greater in animals sacrificed at 48 h after photodynamic therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032607
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Meetings announcements (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 137-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032612
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of the CO2 laser in out-patient oral surgery (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 151-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The treatments of 250 patients with the CO2 laser is described. The procedures were performed under local anaesthesia with minimal instrumentation apart from the laser. Operations were rapid and relatively bloodless, and excellent cosmetic and functional results were obtained. In the post-operative period there was minimal oedema and no significant bleeding. Post-operative pain was also minimal allowing patients to resume their normal diet on the first post-operative day and to return to work. The experience gained with this first group of patients suggests that ideal cases for treatment by this modality include leukoplakia, haemangiomas, epulis and prosthesis fibromas. The CO2 laser is now being used to a lesser extent on in-patients and on those with malignant lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032428
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser-induced fluorescence used in localizing atherosclerotic lesions (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 171-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Autofluorescence ; Laser-induced fluorescence ; Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy ; Atherosclerosis ; Tissue diagnostics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract We have investigated laser-induced fluorescence frompost mortem human arteries in order to find spectroscopic properties allowing discrimination between normal and atherosclerotic vessel wall. A pulsed nitrogen laser emitting light at a wavelength of 337.1 nm was used as an excitation source. The fluorescence spectrum from 370 to 700 nm was captured and analysed by an optical multichannel analyser. Dimensionless contrast functions were formed by using characteristic spectral features at 390, 415, 480, 580 and 600 nm. All samples were investigated in scans across a region where normal as well as diseased vessel wall appeared. The types of plaque were histopathologically divided into four groups, of which three could be singled out using one or more of our spectroscopic criteria. We also investigated the different layers of the normal and diseased vessel wall in order to determine the various contributions to the fluorescence signal. Furthermore, plasma emission spectra were recorded while ablating the normal as well as the diseased vessel wall with an excimer laser, emitting radiation at 308 nm, thus detecting the change in spectral characteristics during the ablation process down into deeper layers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032432
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Meetings announcements (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 203-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032438
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photodynamic therapy for the treatment of advanced gastrointestinal tumours (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 183-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Photodynamic therapy ; Gastrointestinal tumour ; Advanced lesions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract In the study, 120 patients with advanced gastrointestinal tumours were treated by PDT; 5 mg/kg of HpD was intravenously given 48–72 h prior to PDT. The light source was an argon dye laser with an output beam of 630 nm. The irradiation time varied from 15–25 min with a power of 100–350 mW cm−2. The entire tumour was irradiated with a light dose of 100–250 J cm−2. Of the 120 patients, 20 had cancer of esophagus, 72 had cancer of the gastric cardia, 18 had cancer of the stomach and 10 had cancer of the rectum. Eighty-eight patients (73.3%) had a response to PDT. Twelve patients with CR were followed up for one to five years, two patients died during the two years after PDT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032433
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of brain tumours in rats using laser-induced fluorescence and haematoporphyrin derivative (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 241-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Brain tumour ; Rat ; Detection ; Fluorescence ; Laser ; Haematoporphyrin derivative
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Laser-induced fluorescence has been used for the identification of brain tumours in rats, which have been previously given tumour-seeking haematoporphyrin derivative. A pulsed nitrogen laser (λ=337 nm) was used in conjunction with an optical multichannel analyzer. For both inoculated RG-2 and TCVC rat-brain-tumour models, the blue autofluorescence was strongly reduced in the tumour compared with normal brain tissue, and at the same time the characteristic red-drug signal increased. The contrast between tumour and normal tissue was strongly enhanced by forming the ratio between the two signals. Implications for possible improvement of tumour delineation in brain tumour surgery are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032454
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New laser literature (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 285-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032461
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A single transcutaneous light irradiation to injured peripheral nerve: Comparative study with five different wavelengths (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 259-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Low-level laser irradiation ; Peripheral nerve injury ; Single effect of 632.8, 660, 830, 880 and 950 nm wavelengths
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Twenty rats underwent a crush injury to their sciatic nerve, followed immediately by a single low-power coherent or non-coherent irradiation administered transcutaneously on the projection of an injured peripheral nerve. Five wavelengths were tested: 632.8, 660, 830, 880 and 950 nm. The electrical activities of the crushed nerve, immediately after irradiation and on the following first, third and seventh day post-crush, were compared to the precrush activity. The results indicate that energy at the wavelength of 632.8 nm (CW He-Ne laser), delivered transcutaneously (10 J cm−2 at each point) along the projections of the nerve, prevents the drop in the functional nerve activity as measured by the combined action potential (AP) after crush injury. Other wavelengths were either less effective (660 nm) or totally ineffective under the same conditions. The beneficial effects were temporary and lasted only one day after injury and the single irradiation session.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032456
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New laser literature (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 199-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032437
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Report on the photodynamic therapy dosimetry meeting: April 1989 (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 211-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032450
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Argon laser therapy of port-wine stains—Prediction of the effect by transcutaneous microscopy (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 237-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Argon laser ; Port-wine stains ; Transcutaneous microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Sixty-two consecutive patients presenting with facial port-wine stains were examined by transcutaneous microscopy prior to argon laser treatment. The capillary morphology was classified and the late outcome was independently examined and scored. It was found that capillary appearances do have some value in predicting a favourable response and in predicting scarring.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032453
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Argon laser treatment of solid Ehrlich carcinoma tumours sensitized with some porphyrin compounds (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 265-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Argon laser, Photodynamic therapy ; Cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of continuous-wave argon laser radiation on the growth of solid Ehrlich carcinoma was studied in mice. To enhance the tumour sensitivity to laser radiation, compounds of a porphyrin series were given to animals prior to the laser treatment. Out of 14 substances tested, tetraphenylporphyn-sulphonate and its palladium complex had the most pronounced photosensitizing activity comparable with that of haematoporphyrin derivative (HPD). Metallic complexes of tetraphenylporphyn and protoporphyrin were less active. It is concluded that porphyrins are promising sensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032457
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Meetings announcements (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 289-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032462
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photodynamic therapy in the treatment of malignant tumours of the upper aerodigestive tract (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 279-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Photodynamic therapy ; Haematoporphyrin ; Argon dye laser ; Early stage esophageal cancer ; Head and neck cancer ; Squamous cell carcinoma ; Adenocarcinoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract This is the report of a pilot study in which the technique of photodynamic therapy (PDT)—in which malignant tissues are destroyed by light after being previously photosensitized by haematoporphyrin or its derivative—was performed using a high power argon-dye laser system which operated at 630±5 nm and optical fibres with either a microlens or a diffusing tip. A total of thirty-seven patients were utilized for this study, including twenty-five patients affected by esophageal carcinoma, five by recurrences of head and neck cancer, four by gastric cancer and three by lung cancer. Among the sixteen cases with superficial or localized cancer of the esophagus, complete and partial responses were observed in seven and six patients, respectively. In advanced and recurring cancers less satisfactory results were obtained. Thus, PDT seems to be useful in cases of small superficial cancers, either primary or recurrent after previous treatments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032460
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proton NMR study on the molecular motion and conformation of polyaniline doped with HCl (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 21 (1989), S. 221-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Proton NMR spectra and spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) for polyaniline doped with HCl were measured at 90MHz over a temperature range of 110–430K. A narrow line with a width of about 1–2KHz superimposed on broad NMR peak was observed above 210K, and it was tentatively assigned to the protons in dopant and absorbed water. The analysis of linewidths and second moments for the broad lines reveal two distinct relaxation processes with activation energies of 1.9 and 7.8Kcal./mole,respectively. The former may be associated with the motion of the dopant and water absorbed and the latter with the rotation of benzoid ring about C-N bond axis. The second moment data suggest that the twist angle between the adjacent rings decreases with rising the doping ratio. Proton NMR relaxation rate was fitted with a theoretical equation containing the contributions from nuclear dipolar interaction and from electron-proton interaction, Rd and Rp, respectively.Rd is negligible below room temperature and Rp has little change above 100K. The total relaxation rate is dominated by Rp near room temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266177
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acrytonitrile block copolymers (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 21 (1989), S. 259-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Acrylonitrile was polymerized by an insertion process on being added to solutions containing the adduct of the reaction of tetrakis(dimethylamino) titanium (T4) and azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN). The obtained azo-linked polyacrylonitrile has appropriate initiating functionality for a subsequent vinyl polymerization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00955916
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The stabilization effect of mixed-surfactants in the emulsion polymerization of styrene (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 21 (1989), S. 301-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The emulsion polymerization of styrene was performed at 50°C with a mixture of anionic and nonionic surfactants using different surfactant concentrations. In the single-surfactant systems, a proportional relationship was observed between the total particle surface area per cm3 of aqueous solution at 90% conversion (TS) and the amount of surfactant used for each polymerization. For mixed-surfactant systems an additivity was established between the TS value and surfactant composition. The study of the particle size data from low to high conversion showed that the particle number changed with conversion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00955922
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reductive silylation of chloroprene (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 21 (1989), S. 335-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Copolymers made up of 1,4-(2-trimethylsilyl-1,3-butadiene) (I) and 1,4-(2-chloro-1,3-butadiene) (II) units have been prepared by reaction of chloroprene with trimethylchlorosilane and sodium dispersion in THF. The ratio of I∶II units in the copolymers have been determined by IR,1H NMR and elemental analysis. The E∶Z ratio of these units has been determined by1H NMR.13C and29Si NMR of these copolymers is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00955927
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of an amphigel by the terpolymerization of 2-methyl-2-oxazoline, 2-alkyl-2-oxazoline, and bis-oxazoline (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 21 (1989), S. 353-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The terpolymerization of 2-methyl-2-oxazoline, 2-alkyl-2-oxazoline (alkyl = n-butyl, n-octyl, n-dodecyl), and 2,2′-tetramethylenebis(2-oxazoline) was carried out with methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate initiator. The obtained gel was isolated in a moderate yield after Soxhlet extraction. The resulting gel showed a characteristic property as an amphiphilic gel (amphigel), i.e., it was swollen both in water and in organic solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), n-propanol, 1,2-dichloroethane, diethyleneglycol dimethyl ether (diglyme) and toluene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01045169
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermodynamic properties of poly(ethyl methacrylate) in binary mixtures (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 21 (1989), S. 89-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Behaviour of poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA) in ethyl acetate/ethanol system has been studied. Preferential sorption of ethyl acetate in the composition range studied has been observed. This is justified for the self-association of alcohol and the formation of 1∶1 complex between this one and ethyl acetate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00700274
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An estimation of the chain branching effects in butene/ethylene copolymers from microhardness measurements (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 21 (1989), S. 513-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary In this work a simple microhardness test to evaluate the degree of chain braching in butene-ethylene copolymers is proposed. The random introduction into the chain of co-units, reduces the level of crystallinity in the copolymer, a characteristic easily measurable through indentation experiments. A comparative study between density and microhardness values in samples with different concentration of chain braching is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271975
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Meaning of molecular weight measurements of gum arabic (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 21 (1989), S. 517-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The weight-average MW and number-average Mn molecular weights of gum arabic are identical after a proteolysis treatment with pronase. The value (1.8×105) is closed from Mn early reported in the literature whereas MW before treatment are dispersed for a large lot of samples up to more 106. This can be interpreted by the “wattle blossom” model for which some homogeneous chains of molecular weight c.a. 2.105 are still linked to a protein core, the crude gum being a mixture of this complex and free chains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271976
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid microanalytical chlorine determination in polymers by ion selective electrode (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 21 (1989), S. 281-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A rapid microanalytical method has been developed for the determination of very small amounts of chlorine in polymers. The gist of the method comprises quantitative dechlorination by sodium biphenyl or dehydrochlorination bytert-BuOK, aqueous extraction of the Cl⊖ formed, followed by [Cl⊖] quantitation by chloride ion selective electrode (CSE). The method has been tested and is now used routinely for chlorine end group quantitation of telechelic polyisobutylene (PIB), poly(2,4,6-trimethylstyrene) (PTMSt), and poly(p-chlorostyrene) (PpClSt).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00955919
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Living carbocationic polymerization (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 21 (1989), S. 273-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The living polymerization of isobutylene (IB) by thetrans-2,5-diacetoxy-2,5-dimethyl-3-hexene (DiOAcDMH 6 = )/BCl3 initiating system in 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) in the −30 to +21°C range has been investigated. Well-definedtert-chlorine terminated polyisobutylenes ( $$^{\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle-}$}}{t} } Cl - PIB - Cl^{\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle-}$}}{t} } $$ ) have been obtained at suitably low IB and DiOAcDMH 6 = concentrations in the −30° to 0°C range. Theoretical $$Cl^{\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle-}$}}{t} } $$ end functionality ¯Fn ∼2.0 ±0.1 was demonstrated by dechlorination with sodium biphenyl coupled with titration using a chloride ion selective electrode, and by1H NMR spectroscopy. The $$^{\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle-}$}}{t} } Cl - PIB - Cl^{\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle-}$}}{t} } $$ was quantitatively dehydrochlorinated to ∼CH2C(CH3) =CH2 capped PIBs which in turn were quantitatively converted by hydroboration/peroxidation to ∼CH2CH(CH3)CH2OH ended PIBs. The internal ∼C(CH3)2CH=CHC(CH3)2∼ initiator fragment in the polymer remains unchanged during end group functionalizations due to steric protection by thegem-dimethyl groups and the polymer chain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00955918
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the use of watersoluble carbodiimides for binding carboxylic compounds to aminated dextrans (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 21 (1989), S. 309-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary To prepare dextran-linked benzene polycarboxylic acids which are stable in-vivo, the acids were allowed to react with aminated dextrans in water, in the presence of a water-soluble carbodiimide. Under these conditions, ester linkages are formed preferentially to amide ones, probably because of the formation of intramolecular cyclic anhydrides promoted by the carbodiimide. Thus, with benzoic acid, esterification also took place, but to a much lesser extent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00955923
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of aging on the effectiveness of an organophosphite in suppressing transesterification in polymer blends (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 21 (1989), S. 327-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Organophophites are being used with varying degree of effectiveness to suppress transesterification in polyester blends. Using solid state31p NMR it was discovered that for bis(2,4-di-t-butylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite a conversion of the phosphite group to a phosphonate moiety, probably via hydrolysis, is a prerequisite for an effective inhibition of transesterification. This conversion occurs readily during melt compounding if the polymers are not completely dry. However, if rigorous drying is employed and phosphite conversion does not occur, then transesterification is not arrested. It was also found that over a long period of time the conversion of the phosphite to a phosphonate takes place at room temperature as well. Thus, after aging for about a year, the originally ineffective compound, has become a very effective inhibitor of transesterification in blends containing polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, and polyarylate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00955926
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Osmotic pressure of catenanes in solution (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 21 (1989), S. 655-657 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary We propose a nonuniversal scaling for the osmotic pressure in the case of concatenating ring polymers. The size exponent depends on the molecular weight of the catenans. The effect is more significant the shorter and the stiffer the molecules are.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264149
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma polymerization of fluorobenzenes/SO2 mixtures (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 22 (1989), S. 15-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Plasma polymerization of mixtures of fluorobenzenes (perfluorobenzene (PFB), pentafluorobenzene (PnFB), and tetrafluorobenzene (TFB)) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) is carried out for preparation of plasma polymers containing both fluorine and sulfur moieties. The chemical composition of the polymers is inspected by FT/IR and XPS, and the ion-exchange capacity and the electrical conductivity are measured. Plasma polymers prepared from these mixtures are fluro polymers with either of sulfonic acid or sulfinic acid groups. The ion-exchange capacity is 0.49 (for polymers from the PFB/SO2 mixture), 0.94 (for those from the PnFB/SO2 mixture), and 1.31 meq/g-polyer (for those from the TFB/SO2 mixture). The electrical conductivity at a relative humidity of 70 %RH is 8.3 × 10−9, 3.6 × 10−7, and 4.3 × 10−5 S/cm, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00283278
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of diacetylenic-butadiene-acrylic acid block copolymers (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 22 (1989), S. 21-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Synopsis This paper describes the synthesis and post-polymerization in solution of a copolymer 1,3-butadiene-acrylic acid modified with diacetylenic pendant groups. The products were characterized by UV, IR and NMR spectorscopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00283279
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of imide-aryl ether benzoxazole block copolymers (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 22 (1989), S. 47-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Imide-aryl ether benzoxazole multiblock copolymers were investigated. A key feature of these copolymers was the preparation of bis(amino) terminated aryl ether benzoxazole oligomers (PBO) via a novel nucleophilic aromatic displacement polymerization. Oligomers with number average molecular weights of 10,500 and 26,000 g/mol were prepared, which displayed Tg's of 210 and 227°C, respectively. The oligomers were co-reacted with 4,4′-oxydianaline (ODA) and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) diethyl ester diacyl chloride in a NMP/ cyclohexanone solvent mixture in the presence of N-methylmorpholine. The resulting amic ester-aryl ether benzoxazole copolymers were isolated and washed to remove homopolymer contamination. Copolymer compositions were analyzed by 13C NMR. Solutions of the copolymers were cast and cured to effect the imidization, affording tough films with high elongations. Multiphase morphologies were obtained for both of the PBO block lengths used in the copolymerization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00283283
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reductive transformations (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 22 (1989), S. 137-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary 2,3-Diheptyl- and 2,3,6,7-tetraheptyl-9, 10-anthraquinone are reduced to the corresponding diols and subjected to esterification with the chlorides derived from mono- and di-acids. The resulting polyesters are nicely soluble in organic solvents and can be characterized by vapor pressure osmometry and NMR spectroscopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255203
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the conformers in poly(3,3-diethyl oxetane) by vibrational spectroscopy (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 21 (1989), S. 85-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The monoclinic and orthorhombic conformers of Poly(3,3-Diethyl oxetane) can be obtained depending on crystallization temperature. However, if the crystallization of a given modification is unaccomplished, the other modification can be crystallized from the amorphous phase. The molecular vibrations in the region 700–800 cm−1, which are associated with the “breathing” mode, are highly dependent on the conformation of the polymer chain. This band is used to study the influence of the temperatures and times of crystallization on the structural modifications of this polymer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00700273
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of methylmetacrylate in the presence of quaternary ammonium salts (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 21 (1989), S. 151-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary At 50°C, trioctyl methyl ammonium salts influence the rate of bulk polymerization of methylmetacrylate initiated by dibenzoyl peroxide. Acetate increases it, chloride, chlorate, and bromate increase it only on start, hydroxide, bromide, tetrachlorozincate, trifluoroacetate and trifluoromethanesulfonate decrease it, iodide and dichromate inhibit the polymerization, whereas fluoride, perchlorate, some (substituted) benzoates as well as sulfonates do not change the reaction rate. The influence on kinetic parameters of polymerization and the formation of intermediates and products suggest that the exchange of anions between the quaternary ammonium salt and dibenzoyl peroxide is the primary mechanism of action of these salts and other effects accompany it.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266166
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and photodegradation of poly[2,5-bis(dimethylsilyl)thiophene] (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 21 (1989), S. 133-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Poly[2,5-bis(dimethylsilyl)thiophene] (I), a copolymer with alternating thiophene and disilyl units, has been prepared by the Wurtz coupling of 2,5-bis(dimethylchlorosilyl)thiophene (IV) with sodium metal in toluene. I has been characterized by 1H, 13C, and 29Si NMR, IR, UV, GPC, TGA and elemental analysis. The photolysis of I in benzene/methanol solution results in degradation of the polymer. The structure of the photoproducts and possible mechanisms for their formation are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266163
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Birch reduction of the dichlorocarbene adduct of poly(1,1-dimethyl-1-sila-cis-pent-3-ene)(Cl2C-I): synthesis and characterization of poly(1,1-dimethyl-3,4-methylene-1-sila-cis-pent-3-ene) CH2-I) (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 21 (1989), S. 173-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Birch reduction of the dichlorocarbene adduct of poly(1,1-dimethyl-1-sila-cis-pent-3-ene) (Cl2C-I) yields poly(1,1-dimethyl-3,4-methylene-1-sila-cis-pent-3-ene) (CH2-I) which has been characterized by 1H, 13C and 29Si NMR spectroscopy as well as by elemental analysis. The molecular weight distribution of CH2-I has been determined by GPC and its thermal stability by TGA. Its glass transition temperature was obtained by DSC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266169
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Miscibility of poly(methyl methacrylate-co-vinyl pyridine) and poly(butyl acrylate-co-acrylic acid) blends (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 21 (1989), S. 183-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary In order to enhance the miscibility of poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(butyl acrylate), pyridyl and carboxylic acid groups were introduced on the comonent polymer chains by free radical copolymerization. Differential scanning calorimetry shows that the blend of component polymers containing less than 10 mole% of carboxylic acid and pyridyl groups is immiscible, but the blend of more than 10 mole% become partially to completely miscible as the functionality increases. The chemical interaction between carboxylic acid and pyridyl group in the blend was manifested by a blue shift of 9 cm−1in the infrared stretching frequency of pyridyl group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266171
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 51
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properties of urethane elastomers (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 21 (1989), S. 203-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The dielectric relaxation processes in polyurethanes based on 4,4′-dibenzyle diisocyanate and saturated polyester in the temperature range of 250–400°K using thermally stimulated depolarization currents method have been investigated. The structure of the relaxation thermograms, location and intensity of the constituent peaks depend both on the precipitation temperature and thermal history of the polymer. The relaxation processes have been associated with the molecular motions within domains with distinct morphological structures. The morphological structure of the samples was evidenced using electron microscopy method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266174
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 52
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon-13 NMR assignments for 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone and 2,4,5,7-tetranitro-9-fluorenone (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 21 (1989), S. 217-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Two-dimensional pulse sequences (COSY, HETCOR) are used to assign the carbon-13 spectra of 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone and of 2,4,5,7-tetranitro-9-fluorenone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266176
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 53
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of 2-phenyl-aziridine (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 21 (1989), S. 243-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The ring-opening polymerization of 2-phenyl aziridine was studied with several catalyst systems: boron trifluoride etherate, chlorhydric acid, perchloric acid, dimethyl sulfate and methyl triflate. The corresponding polyamine was obtained as a pale yellow solid with a number average molecular weight around 2,000–3,000. A kinetic study is discussed in the case of perchloric acid and methyl triflate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00955914
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 54
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DSC and TMS study of polystyrene/(poly(α-methylstyrene) blends (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 21 (1989), S. 265-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary It is shown that Tg data of PS/PaMS blends are influenced by the pressure applied during the preparation of compression-moulded samples. It is supposed the pressure favours the chain alignment of stiffer polymers in the neighborhood of binary contacts, contributing thus to the reduction of the freee volume. As a consequence compression-moulded samples will show increased Tg temperatures compared with those of the solution blended samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00955917
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 55
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of complexation in living cationic polymerization with Lewis acid/ester systems (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 22 (1989), S. 341-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Higashimura reported living cationic polymerization by the CH3OOOEt/AlEtCl2/C6H5CH3 /IBVE system, however, the mechanism was obscure and the high mole ratio of CH3OOOEt/ AlEtCl2 (50/1) was unusual. To elucidate these facts the AAlEtCl2·CH3OOOEt complex was investigated in detail by 1H-NMR, IR and UV spectroscopies. It was found that CH3OOOEt was the true initiator, AlEtCl2 the coinitiator, and the ester bond the active bond. UV spectra show complexation competitions of AlEtCl2 with C6H5CH3, CH3OOOEt and H2O. Living polymerizations occur only when the CH3OOOEt/AlEtCl2 ratio is sufficiently high. The growing bands from 324 to 327nm correspond to living complexes and indicate constant monomer insertion and complex formation during propagation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263071
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 56
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and characterization of new polyimides and polyamide-imides containing azomethine group in the polymer backbone (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 22 (1989), S. 371-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary New aromatic polyimides and polyamide-imides containing azomethine linkages in the polymer backbone have been synthesized by reacting 4,4′-bis(isocyanato) benzylidene aniline (AZMI) with pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), 3,3′, 4,4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) and trimellitic anhydride (TMA) by one-step method. The AZMI was synthesized from 4,4′-bis(carboxy) benzylidene aniline (AZMA) by a Weinstock modified curtius rearrangement. All the polycondensation reactions were carried out in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and the polymers obtained were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, solution viscosity, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263075
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 57
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly(methyl methacrylate-g-propylene oxide) (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 22 (1989), S. 401-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Graft copolymers with uniform poly(propylene oxide) grafts were synthesized by the radical copolymerization of poly(propylene oxide) methacrylate macromonomers and methyl methacrylate. The macromonomers were prepared by reaction of bifunctional poly(propylene oxide) and methacryloyl chloride. The graft copolymers were readily soluble in chloroform, tetrahydrofuran and toluene at room temperature. Copolymers with 23% of poly(propylene oxide) grafts were soluble in hot methanol and above this composition were soluble in methanol at room temperature. The graft copolymers were characterized by GPC, viscometry, IR and 1H NMR spectra.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263079
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 58
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular weight dependence of excimer formation of poly(α-methylstyrene) (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 22 (1989), S. 429-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The molecular weight dependence of the fluorescence properties of poly (α-methylstyrene) (PMS) was investigated in cyclohexane solution. The ratio of excimer to monomer fluorescence intensity increases with increasing degree of polymerization up to ∼ 50 after which the plateau value does not change. This molecular weight dependence of the excimer formation appears to be related to that of the local motion of PMS in fluid solution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263083
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 59
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavior of deoxophostones family as nucleophilic monomers in no-catalyst copolymerization (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 22 (1989), S. 435-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Deoxophostone family(2-phenyl-1,2-oxaphospholane1a, 2-phenyl-1,2-oxaphosphorlane1b, and 2-phenyl-1,2-thiaphospholane1c) copolymerized with acrylic acid without catalyst to produce the corresponding copolymers. The polymerization proceeded via a cyclic acyloxyphosphorane to produce poly-(phosphine oxide — ester)3a(or3b) from1a(or1b) and poly(phosphine oxide — thiolester)3c from1c, respectively, with acrylic acid. It is of interest that the copolymer from1c with acrylic acid was not poly(phosphine sulfide — ester)4 but3c. The reactions of1a or1b with pyruvic acid or 1,3-propane sultone were also investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00718916
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 60
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Macromolecular engineering of polylactones and polylactides (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 22 (1989), S. 475-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Aluminum alkoxides carrying functional alkoxy groups are effective initiators for theɛ-caprolactone polymerization in toluene and tetrahydrofuran. The coordination-insertion type of polymerization is living and yields exclusively linear polyesters of a predictable molecular weight with a narrow molecular weight distribution within the period of time required for the total monomer conversion. The functional group associated to the active alkoxy group of the initiator is selectively attached to one chain-end, and the second end-group is systematically a hydroxyl function resulting from the hydrolysis of the living growing site. Asymmetric telechelic polyesters are thus obtained in a perfectly controlled way, including macromonomers. Beside (meth)acrylic double bond, the functional end-group derived from the initiator can be, for instance, an unsaturation, a halogen and a tert-amine. Coupling the asymmetric telechelic polymer via the OH end-group (or the precursor Al alkoxide end-group) is a direct way to the related symmetric telechelic of a twofold increased molecular weight.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00718922
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 61
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of 4-vinyl biphenyl at advanced degrees of conversion (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 22 (1989), S. 505-511 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The bulk self-initiated polymerization kinetics, assuming total conversion, of the 4-vinyl biphenyl was determined by differential thermal analysis (DTA) in the temperature range 463–533 K. Likewise, the overall activation energy, Ea, and the polymerization enthalpies involved in the process have been calculated, as well as the overall rate constants and the reaction order with respect to the monomer concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00718926
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 62
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on diacetylenic vinyl compounds (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 22 (1989), S. 533-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The copolymerization of maleic anhydride (MAn) with phenyl-4′-vinylphenylbutadiyne(PVPB) was carried out using 2, 2′-azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator. Although PVPB does not homopolymerize by free radicals in solution, it copolymerized giving copolymers having average molecular weights up to 12,000, and consisting of slightly more PVPB units. The monomer reactivity ratios were estimated to be r (MAn)=0 and r (PVPB) =0.1–0.2. It was concluded that the copolymerization likely proceeds via a free monomer propagation mechanism rather than through a donor-acceptor complex mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00718930
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 63
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suppression of the influence of stray light on quantitative measurement of iD/iM for weakly emitting dilute solutions of polymers (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 22 (1989), S. 557-563 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary A simple method is described for suppression of the influence of stray light on the quantitative measurement of the intensity of the fluorescence from dilute solutions of weak emitters. The method improves the reliability of the measurements of the fluorescence quantum yield under these conditions. It is also useful in the evaluation of the ratio of the intensities of excimer and monomer emission in systems that form intramolecular excimers with a small overlap of the monomer and excimer bands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00718934
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 64
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photovoltaic properties and stability of I2-doped polyacetylene (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 21 (1989), S. 523-529 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Polyacetylene was doped with evaporated iodine (I2). The characteristics of A1/cis-[CHIy]x/Au Schottky barrier solar cell was investigated. It is found that the maximum conversion efficiency is 2.67%. The solar cell parameters, such as open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current (Jsc), fill factor (F.F.), and energy conversion efficiency (η), were measured under the various incident light intensity. The stability of the cell was also estimated by the variation of J-V curves in argon environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271977
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 65
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New aspects in acceleration of glycidyl ether oligomerization by imidazole compounds (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 21 (1989), S. 549-554 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Using simple model compounds the oligomerization of glycidyl ethers accelerated by imidazole and imidazole derivatives was investigated. The formation of oligomers depending on 1,3-diphenoxy-2-hydroxypropane as their starting compound was predominant. In the case of imidazole 1,2-dihydroxy-3-phenoxypropane and the resulting oligomers are further formed. It seems to be obvious that this reaction also occurs in the absence of water. An over-all reaction mechanism including both the main products of the glycidyl ether oligomerization formed and the different imidazole compounds investigated is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264134
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 66
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acid curing of epoxides: an unexpected mechanism for the reaction of glycidyl esters with acids (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 22 (1989), S. 637-644 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Products from the reaction of acids with glycidyl esters of other acids were analyzed by13C-NMR-spectroscopy and HPLC. Besides the two isomeric structures that are normally formed during the ring-opening of epoxides by acids (α- and \-hydroxy ester), a third structure was observed. This structure was identified by comparative studies as “abnormal” \-hydroxy ester. A mechanism for the reaction of glycidyl esters with acids is postulated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00718946
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 67
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of polymers with benzo-13-crown-4 and benzo-9-crown-3 units via cyclopolymerization (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 22 (1989), S. 33-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Polymers containing crown ether units were synthesized by cyclopolymerization of divinyl and diepoxide monomers. These are 1,2-bis-(2-ethenyloxyethoxy)-benzene (1) and 1,2-bis-(2,3-epoxypropyl)-benzene (3) producing polymers with 13 and 9-membered rings 4 and 5, respectively. Both the monomers and polymers were characterized by IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Finally, the polymers were contacted with an aqueous solution of lithium chloride.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00283281
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 68
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional polyamides (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 22 (1989), S. 547-551 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Polymerization of azo initiators having dinitrile functions such as 2,2′-azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) with formaldehyde in the presence of sulfuric acid were carried out in order to permit the synthesis of polyamides containing thermolabile azo groups.The obtained polyamides have appropriate initiating functionality for subsequent free radical polymerization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00718932
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 69
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of matrix polarity and ambient aging on the morphology of sulfonated polyurethane ionomers (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 22 (1989), S. 565-571 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Ethylene oxide units were incorporated into the backbone of Na+ sulfonated polyurethane ionomers in an attempt to induce aggregate dissociation at elevated, but observable, temperatures by reducing the incompatibility between ions and polymer. However, no dissociation could be observed by small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) before the onset of degradation, even when the polyol was pure EO. At 100°C and above, the SAXS patterns for all samples were quite similar, indicating morphological similarity. However, after annealing for several days at room temperature, two of the specimens appeared to develop a greater degree of microdomain order as evidenced by a narrowing of the main peak at q* and the development of a shoulder at 2q*x.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00718935
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 70
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of pectin extraction from dried peel of citrus grandis (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 22 (1989), S. 599-602 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The influence of acid concentration, temperature, and extraction time on pectin extracted from dried peel of Citrus grandis have been investigated. The dependence of pectin yield and of the relative viscosity of pectin solution on experimental conditions has been described by mathematical models. To obtain suitable pectin for immobilizing biocatalysts, the extraction should be carried out at low acid concentration, low temperature, and for long periods of time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00718940
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 71
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of static and cyclic compression on the electrical conductivity of FEF black-loaded rubbers (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 22 (1989), S. 621-627 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The influence of static and cyclic compression on the temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity σ(T) of 100 phr FEF black-loaded rubber vulcanizates (SBR, NR, IIR, BR and NBR) has been studied. It was found that σ increases with static pressure for all rubber vulcanizates. The temperature coefficient of conductivity proved to be negative; its maximum value α ranges between −0.1 and −0.01 deg−1 depending upon the applied stress and type of rubber vulcanizate. The pressure coefficient of conductivity γ at room temperature varies with the static pressure from 0.78 to 0.04 (kg/cm2)−1. Menwhile, a was found to decrease with the number and stress amplitude of the cyclic compressions, while α increases with the number of compression cycles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00718944
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 72
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of molecular weight on the crystallization of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 22 (1989), S. 645-651 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Five samples of Poly (vinylidene fluoride) with a molecular weight from 45,000 to 260,000 were analyzed by means of FT-IR spectroscopy in order to study the influence of molecular weight $$\left( {\bar Mv} \right)$$ on the crystallization process. The spectra of films obtained from methylethylketone solutions revealed the prevalence of form II (α) in the case of lower $$\bar Mv$$ and of form III (γ) in the higher molecular weight samples. The amount of form III was found to increase as the Mv decreased and as annealing temperatures increased. The deconvolution technique of vibrational spectra allowed detection of small amounts of other forms accompanying the prevailing one.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00718947
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 73
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the catalyst modification in propylene polymerization using ethylene-propylene copolymerization (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 22 (1989), S. 233-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Ethylene-propylene copolymerizations were carried out using conventional and high activity supported Ziegler-Natta catalysts to examine the reduction of Ti(III) to Ti(II) by aluminum alkyls, which has been considered as a main reason for the catalytic activity decay in propylene polymerization. For the catalyst system cocatalyzed with DEAC, the reduction was negligible regardless of the catalyst types, while an irreversible catalyst modification such as the reduction reaction occurred significantly for the catalyst with TEA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00282846
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 74
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Homo- and co-polymerization of ethylene with highly active Ti/Mg bimetallic complexes (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 22 (1989), S. 239-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Homo- and co-polymerization of ethylene were performed by using a catalyst system composed of recrystallized MgCl2 TiCl4 THF complex with AlEt3. The effect of crystallization conditions during the catalyst preparation on the chemical composition and physical structure of catalysts was discussed with the help of element analysis, IR spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction. The variation caused by different crystallization conditions had considerable influences on the rate profiles of homo-and co-polymerization of ethylene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00282847
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 75
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ferrocene containing liquid crystalline copolyesters (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 22 (1989), S. 247-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Iron-containing aromatic copolyesters were synthesized from 1,1′-bis-(chlorocarbonyl)ferrocene, terephthaloyl chloride, isophthaloyl chloride and methylhydroquinone. The copolymers obtained were characterized for their liquid crystalline properties by a variety of methods, and all of the copolyesters synthesized were nematic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00282848
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 76
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unsaturated polyesters (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 22 (1989), S. 513-519 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Polyesterification of maleic anhydride with ethylene glycol, using p-toluensulphonic acid as catalyst, has been carried out under very well controlled conditions to obtain a linear polyester with a relatively high molecular weight. The polyester was characterized by ir, nmr, end group analysis, and gpc. Isomerization of the maleate to the fumarate form takes place to a great extent in a reaction which runs parallel to the polycondensation process. An addition reaction could interfere with the polycondensation since some glycol segments may react with the cationic intermediate during the isomerization of maleate to fumarate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00718927
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 77
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CO2 lasers thermal changes on laryngeal tissue after different application modes (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 83-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Summary Standardized operations including incisions and ablations were carried out on pigthroats immediately prior to evaluation of the depths of thermal damage zones measured with a unit of 30 mikrons. The following parameters were applied on the tissue: 1) Continuous versus single pulse mode. 2) equal energy impacts with variation of time and power density. 3) super pulse versus non super pulse. In the 1st series the tissue damage for all tissues examined were significantly lower in the single pulse mode than in the continuous mode. In the 2nd series the pooled material showed a significance in favour of short impacts with high power density although the total energy required for a single operation was up to 40% higher in the high power/short time series. The 3rd series showed no significance in differences between super pulse and nonsuper pulse damage when applying the same average output on the laryngeal tissues involved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02276671
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 78
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Requirements of an up to date fibre optics delivery system for laser medicine (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 105-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The possibility of the potential as well as the safety of an optical fibre delivery system for laser medical applications is reviewed. Fibre directional couplers and connectors are suggested to be developed in view of this power laser application. Finally a special fibre probe radiating a corolla shaped beam for laser angioplasty is briefly described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02276674
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 79
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sapphire and metal tip recanalisation: Implications for safety (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 119-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The characteristics of two modified fiber tips, the metal laser probe and the rounded sapphire contact probe, were examined in vitro and in vivo with respect to some of the risks of laser angioplasty. Both probes have an atraumatic, blunt shape. The laser beam profile of the sapphire contact probe looses its focussing properties in water. In vitro, we found a large temperature gradient from the front to the rim of the probe. Ablative temperatures were reached at the tip whereas the temperature of the metal connector near the rim of the sapphire crystal rose only 30 °C in blood when 15 W Nd-YAG was applied for 1 s. In contrast, the metal laser probe reached temperatures over 500 °C in an in vitro tissue/blood environment when 10 W was applied for 5 s. The metal probe ablated both in the forward and the radial direction. In a rabbit model there was a large variation in temperature of the metal in vivo (70 – 320 °C). The highest temperatures were associated with acute complications. However, in spite of transmural coagulation necrosis the artery wall remained functionally intact during a follow up period of up to 56 days.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02276676
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 80
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Medical laser safety in the United Kingdom (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 177-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Following a brief historical introduction the current status of Medical Laser Safety legislation and practise in the United Kingdom is outlined. Manufacturing and Administrative measures are specified both for public hospitals and private clinics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02276683
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 81
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Respiration triggered CO2 laser application in the Larynx — a a possibility to reduce the smoke inhalation of patients ? (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 139-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The following is a report on a CO2 laser-respiration-triggering with its application in the larynx causing a reduction in the smoke load of the patient. From the result observed — an impro — ved suction capability and a reduced smoke-intensity in the ex —pired respiratory gas — it would appear that this method were suitable for practical application.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02276678
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 82
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Medical laser in Greece (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 381-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Although Laser technology has been around in Greece for quite some time, the medical and surgical application of Lasers has only recently started. However, the future seems to be promising due to the existence of advanced Laser Institutes, especially in Crete, the recent creation of the “Greek Medical Laser Society”, the increasing number of well trained physician, in the field of Laser and the expected close cooperation of all of the above.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02276707
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 83
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser balloon angioplasty: An optical and thermal analysis (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 63-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Our theoretical assessment of laser balloon angioplasty (LBA) begins with a solution of the popular P1 (diffusion) approximation to the radiative transport equation to map the optical field in an axisymmetric, finite annulus surrounding an infinitely long hollow cylindrical vessel. The inner surface is irradiated by diffuse light at 1.06 μm and delivered by a spiral segment of fiberoptic positioned centrally inside an inflated balloon. The present model considers only a single layer of optically homogenous arterial wall because the hollow is presumbly filled with a non-absorbing and non-scattering fluid. The cylindrical enclosure collects reflected light and redirects it back onto the inner surface. Our model accounts for this ‘integrating’ behavior, unique to enclosures. Absorption of the laser light then raises tissue temperature. The resultant transient and spatial temperature distribution is calculated with an implicit Finite Difference algorithm based on the heat conduction equation. Multiple concentric layers, each with different thermal properties from the other, are considered. However, changes in optical and thermal properties with temperature, and thermal phase transitions have been omitted in the present model. Finally, the Arrhenius rate process integral is applied for damage calculations. The temperature patterns of three delivery dose patterns — constant 22.5W (20s), ramp sequences of 40W(5s)-30W(5s)-10W(10s), and 35W(5s)-25W(5s)-15W(10s) — suggest that the second ramp dose may be most efficacious because it generates the longest temperature ‘plateau’ at the intimal-medial junction. Simulations of a hot metallic probe have a consistently higher surface damage than that obtained by LBA of equivalent energy output.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02276670
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 84
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of 308 nm excimer laser radiation for ocular surgery — Safety considerations (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 129-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Transmitting 308 nm excimer laser radiation via quartz fibers allows one to perform several surgical procedures inside the eye and on the cornea. A special application tip has been developed for each procedure. 308 nm radiation may damage the lens and the retina of the eye. UV absorbing drugs have been successfully used in in-vitro experiments to reduce the UV exposure of intraocular structures sensitive to 308 nm radiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02276677
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 85
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beam delivery systems (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 155-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Fibre optic systems, micromanipulator optics and articulated arms are described with particular emphasis on safety,limitations and areas of likely failure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02276680
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 86
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experience with laser safety in the USA-a review (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 165-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Following several research programs in the 1960's aimed at studying the adverse biological effects of lasers and other optical radiation sources, laser occupational exposure limits were set and general safety standards were developed. Today, the experience from laser accidents and the development of new lasers and new applications have altered the format of the exposure limits and the safety procedures. It is critically important to distinguish between different biological injury mechanisms. The biological effects of ultraviolet radiation upon the skin and eye are additive over a period of at least one workday, and require different safety procedures. The scattered UV irradiance from excimer lasers may be quite hazardous, depending upon wavelength and action spectra. Since laser technology is young, the exposure of an individual in natural sunlight must be studied to evaluate the potential for chronic effects. The safety measures necessary in the use of lasers depend upon a hazard evaluation. The appropriate control measures and alternate means of enclosure, baffling, and operational control measures are presented. Present laser safety standards are explained briefly. Eye protective techniques and eyewear are considered for a variety of sources. The optical properties of enclosure materials are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02276682
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 87
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser safety regulations and recommendations in Denmark (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 201-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The Danish National Regulations are worked out by The Ministry of Labour. The regulations are not expressed in a clear form and guidelines for laser use in medical treatment rest more or less on the interpretation of legal and ethical regulations for medical personnel applicable in other areas. These regulations will be presented. Common Laser regulations for the EEC in cooperation with the ELA are suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02276686
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser Safety Standards and Safety Regulations for medical practise (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 229-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract A short survey on the development of the Laser Safety Regulations and Standards in the GDR is given. The last step is the adaptation of the IEC 325 document as the basis of national Laser Safety Standards. This basis is completed by guide-lines covering the general national requirement as well as special regulations for safe use of lasers in medical practise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02276690
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    French standards on medical laser equipment (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 253-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract In France, the safety problems resulting from the therapeutic use of Laser are controled by two Standards NFC 74-311 and 312 These one are analysed. On the other hand an User's Guide which will be in the next edition as as appendice of the NFC 74-312 Standard is presently under consideration by the French committe. This one is analysed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02276695
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New directions in Medical laser concept: role of laser-tissue interaction modelization and feedback control (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 317-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Thermal lasers are used in many specialties. Clinical use of lasers is complicated by variations in tissue characteristics or hazards such as movement. Pionners in this field, relying on experimental work, have mastered the therapeutic use of lasers. Nevertheless, teaching such poorly defined technique has proved to be very difficult. To widespread the use of lasers, it is necessary to work in new directions. The goal is to give the practitioner a real medical tool, which should be cheap, easy and safe to use.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02276698
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endoscopic laser therapy (E.L.T.) at the National Cancer Institute, Milan: Current trends and new ideas (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 351-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Presently, ELT is used 1) for the palliation of symptoms related to advanced cancer and 2) for the cure of benign tumors, vascular lesions, and early cancers in high surgical risk patients. The clinical use of new laser applications such as lithotripsy, hyperthermia, fluorescence, and tissue welding will parallel the development of new technologies in laser sources, optic fibers, and endoscopes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02276701
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser training and accredentiation in Denmark (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 375-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02276706
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fields of training in the Laser Platform of Rueil-Malmaison (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 397-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Our Laser Platform reaches more than 9 years of surgical experience, using the CO2 and the Nd:YAG lasers in a multidisciplinary way. By the end of September 1988, 2609 surgical laser procedures have been performed. Bronchoscopic and GI endoscopic laser procedures are not included in this data. Since 3 years, the laser sessions of the annual French Surgical Association Congress are under our responsability. This paper relates the previous laser workshops programs and details the forthcoming workshop on Lasers in Proctology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02276709
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In comparison: 1.064 μm-1.318 μm Nd-YAG continuous wave lasers. In vitro and in vivo experiments for endoscopic tumour therapy in the gastrointestinal tract (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 25-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: 1.318μm Nd-YAG laser ; Laser tissue effects ; New wavelength
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract In in vitro and animal experiments the tissue effects of the 1.318μm Nd-YAG laser were compared to those of the standard 1.064μm Nd-YAG laser in order to evaluate the advantages of the new wavelength with a ten times higher absorption in water for gastroenterological tumour treatment. Under irradiation parameters related to clinical endoscopic practice, the laser of the wavelength 1.318μm needs for both vaporization and coagulation significantly less energy than the 1.064μm laser. Since vaporization at 1.318μm is always accompanied by a higher coagulation effect compared to 1.064μm the risk of late necrosis and resulting perforation appears to be increased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032506
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A mathematical model for interstitial laser treatment of tumours using four fibres (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 41-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Mathematical model ; Laser surgery ; Optical fibres ; Tumours ; Thermal diffusion ; Multiple fibres
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract A mathematical model is employed to discuss the region treated by local hyperthermia, when the source of heat is a laser whose energy is directed into the treatment region through four optical fibres ending at the corners of a square. If treatment is over a period that is substantially longer than the time for the temperature distribution to reach equilibrium, a steady state model using four point sources can be employed to obtain a general idea of the temperatures reached and the region treated for different power levels and sizes of square. For shorter times, and for more accurate estimation of the regions treated, numerical calculation on a computer is essential. The details of the calculation depend on individual cases, but we demonstrate here that such computations are possible, and present a series of typical results. A comparison is made with the results of a series of experiments on canine liver, showing that it is possible to obtain good qualitative and numerical agreement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032508
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A mathematical analysis of the results of experiments on rats' livers by local laser hyperthermia (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 55-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Laser hyperthermia ; Mathematical model ; Tumours ; Optical coefficients ; Optical fibres ; Thermal diffusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract A time dependent mathematical model of optical energy transfer and heat conduction in tissue with strong anisotropic scattering is used to analyse the results of experiments (1) in which the livers of rats were treated by local laser hyperthermia. Good qualitative agreement to the temperature distribution is possible, but satisfactory quantitative agreement is only possible if allowance is made for temperature dependence of the optical and thermal parameters. Analysis of the volume of tissue killed by the treatment shows a marked departure from the rule used in conventional hyperthermia to determine the region treated; the reason for this is not clear, but a number of possibilities are suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032509
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Editorial (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 1-2 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02276662
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen zum Fließverhalten verschieden konzentrierter Polyisobutenlösungen unter hoher Scherbeanspruchung. (1989)
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 28 (1989), S. 102-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: First normal-stress difference ; jet-thrust method ; cone-platerheometer ; low-concentratedpolyisobutene solution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract A new design jet-thrust apparatus is presented to investigate the first normal-stress difference. This apparatus enables us to measure shear stress and the first normal-stress difference of semi-dilute polymer solutions up to very high shear rates. In the low shear rate region the solutions are characterized by a cone-and-plate rheometer. With the jet-thrust measurements the dependence of the impact-plate geometry, the length-to-radius (L/R) ratio of the capillaries, and the distance between the impact-plate and the capillary on the thrust are studied. It is shown that there is no influence of the impact-plate geometry andL/R ratio of the used capillaries on the thrust. However, the thrust decreases with increasing distance between the capillary and the impact-plate and becomes constant at a certain distance. A comparison of shear stress and first normal-stress difference data measured by the jet-thrust apparatus and the cone-and-plate rheometer shows a good agreement between results from the two instruments for all studied polymer concentrations.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zur Bestimmung der ersten Normalspannungsdifferenz wird eine neu konstruierte Strahlimpuls-Apparatur vorgestellt. Mit Hilfe dieser Apparatur ist es möglich, die Schubspannung und die erste Normalspannungsdifferenz mäßig verdünnter Polymerlösungen bis zu sehr hohen Schergeschwindigkeiten zu bestimmen. Zum Vergleich werden im Bereich niedrigerer Schergeschwindigkeiten die Versuchslösungen mit einem Kegel-Platte Rheometer charakterisiert. Bei den Strahlimpuls-Messungen wird der Einfluß der Prallkörpergeometrie, desL/R-Verhältnisses der Kapillaren und des Abstandes zwischen Prallplatte und Kapillare auf den Impulsstrom untersucht. Dabei zeigt sich, daß kein Einfluß der Prallkörpergeometrie und desL/R-Verhältnisses der verwendeten Kapillaren auf den gemessenen Impulsstrom festgestellt werden kann. Der Impulsstrom nimmt dagegen mit steigendem Abstand zwischen Kapillare und Prallplatte ab und wird erst ab einem bestimmten Abstand konstant. Ein Vergleich der mit der Strahlimpuls-Apparatur und dem Kegel-Platte-Rheometer ermittelten Schubspannungen und ersten Normalspannungsdifferenzen zeigt, daß die mit den unterschiedlichen Methoden erhaltenen Werte für alle untersuchten Polymerkonzentrationen mit steigender Schergeschwindigkeit bruchlos aneinander schließen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01356971
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A solution birefringence study of polymer elongation in spatially periodic stretching flows (1989)
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 28 (1989), S. 202-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Elongational flow ; coil-stretch transition ; flow birefringence ; dilute polymer solution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The flow birefringence of dilute polymer solutions in periodically converging/diverging channels has been employed to study the dynamics of flexible chain molecules under transient stretching stresses. The onset of periodic birefringence for chains of high molecular weight is only observed after the chains have experienced several cycles of stress, at a point deep into the channel. This slow onset indicates that the solutions possess a memory on time scales much greater than that normally associated with a relaxed flexible coil. This behavior is recorded for both aqueous and nonaqueous solutions, at concentrations both above and below the entanglement concentration. Centerline birefringence, however, which is associated with purely elongational flow, is only observed for aqueous polymer solutions. An explanation for these birefringence results is suggested, based on a configuration-dependent dumbbell model for polymer chains in dilute solution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01332852
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Statistical mechanics of temporary polymer networks (1989)
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 28 (1989), S. 193-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Temporarypolymernetwork ; statistical mechanics ; dynamical effect ; stress overshoot
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The statistical theory of temporary polymer networks developed in parts I and II of this work is closed by a discussion on dynamical effects, including comparison with experiments. After a short review of the theory developed in parts I and II we discuss the situation in which a prescribed velocity gradient is imposed on the physical system formed by the temporary network and the solvent. The dynamical equation for the 2nd moments (derived from a generalized bead-spring model) contains the configuration-dependent transition probability, which depends on the second moments in a complex way. An approximate solution of these equations is obtained from a computer program. It shows the experimentally observed behavior, in particular the stress overshoot maximum after a sudden start of the flow. The derivation of the above equations contains simplifying assumptions which, however, leave the essential physics intact. The most important assumptions concern the relaxation time approach and the decay and formation processes. These were supposed to be dilute enough to break up the many-junction processes into one-junction processes. Both assumptions are analogous to frequently used assumptions in Boltzmann's kinetic theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01332851
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...