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  • Articles  (640)
  • pharmacokinetics  (578)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology
  • Brassica napus
  • General Chemistry
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Life and Medical Sciences
  • Springer  (640)
  • 1985-1989  (636)
  • 1955-1959  (4)
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  • Articles  (640)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Das Rückstandsverhalten von Chloramphenicol nach intramuskulärer Applikation beim Schwein (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 24 (1985), S. 113-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Chloramphenicol ; pharmacokinetics ; residue ; pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Residues of Chloramphenicol (CAP) were examined in 24 pigs after intramuscular injection of 30 mg CAP/kg body weight. Two pigs were slaughtered after 3, 6, 12,18, 24, 36 hours, 2, 3, 6, 10, 21 and 30 days, respectively. CAP-concentrations were determined in muscle, blood, urine, liver, kidney, bile, and fat. Methods used were gas-liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay. Detection limits reached were 1−5 ppb. The concentration-time curves obtained reflected a long elimination phase and allowed only calculation of this half-life. Elimination half-life was estimated to be for muscle, blood and urine 160–170 hours, for kidney 310 and for bile 250 hours. Significant correlations were found to exist between CAP-concentrations in plasma and muscle. It appears that blood would be a good body fluid for monitoring CAP-residues in tissue.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zur Untersuchung des Rückstandsverhaltens von Chloramphenicol (CAP) wurden 24 Mastschweine, 24–28 Wochen alt, intramuskulär mit 30 mg CAP/kg Körpergewicht behandelt und je 2 Tiere nach 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36 Stunden, 2, 3, 6, 10, 21 und 30 Tagen geschlachtet. Die CAP-Gehalte in Muskulatur, Blut, Urin, Leber, Niere, Galle und Fett wurden gaschromatographisch und radioimmunologisch bestimmt. Die Nachweisgrenze beider Methoden liegt in Abhängigkeit von der Matrix zwischen 1 und 5 ppb. Die erhaltenen Kinetiken weisen eine terminale Elimination auf, deren Halbwertszeiten für Muskulatur, Blut und Urin ca. 160–170 Stunden, für Niere 310 Stunden und für Galle 250 Stunden betragen. Die CAP-Konzentration in Muskulatur und Blut weisen eine signifikante, lineare Korrelation auf. Blutuntersuchungen könnten deshalb als Screening-Methode bei umfangreichen Rückstandskontrollen eingesetzt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02020458
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The lymphatic route. 1) Albumin and hyaluronidase modify the normal distribution of interferon in lymph and plasma (1986)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 432-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Interferon ; immunomodulator ; catabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; administration routes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary When human recombinant interferon-α2 diluted in saline was injected s.c. into rabbits, the total amount recovered in thoracic lymph was less than 0.4%. Recoveries increased from 2- to 8-fold if interferon was injected in 4% albumin or with hyaluronidase, respectively. Albumin added to interferon acts as an interstitial fluid expander, thus favoring interferon absorption through lymphatics rather than blood capillaries. This strategy may increase the therapeutic index of interferon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02118644
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for spontaneous diploid androgenesis in Brassica napus L. (1989)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 2 (1989), S. 15-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Brassica napus ; Spontaneous androgenesis ; Erucic acid content ; Flower colour
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Seeds of androgenetic origin were obtained among the F1 progenies of two crosses between resynthesized and cultivated forms of Brassica napus. The high-erucic, white-flowered, resynthesized line No7076 acted as the female, and the zero-erucic, yellow-flowered, cultivars ‘Topas’ and ‘Puma’, as males. No androgenetic seeds were obtained in the reciprocal crosses. Resynthesized rape could thus be of potential use for the production of androgenetic plants. Of special interest is the high frequency (21%) of spontaneous androgenesis observed in one of the two crosses. One plant, determined from erucic acid content and flower colour analysis as androgenetic, had a diploid chromosome number. Further knowledge about the genetic control of spontaneous androgenesis in the present material and the origin of the cytoplasm in androgenetic plants are required in order to exploit this phenomenon in practical plant breeding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00190114
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative analysis of stamen polypeptides of a rapeseed cultivar, Regent, a CMS polima line, and temperature-restored male-fertile polima line (1988)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 1 (1988), S. 114-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Brassica napus ; Cytoplasmic male sterility ; Polypeptides ; Temperature ; Restoration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Polypeptides were extracted from stamens of a rapeseed (Brassica napus) cultivar, Regent, a near isogenic male-sterile line, Polima-R7 (Pol-R7), and a high-temperature-restored malefertile Pol-R7 (TR) and subsequently separated by two-dimensional isoelectric focusing-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions. Four variable polypeptides with a pI around 6 were observed. Two stamen polypeptides (40000 Da, 38000 Da) were unique to Regent, and the other two (32000 Da, 30000 Da) were unique to the male-sterile Pol-R7. When the male-sterile Pol-R7 was treated with day/night temperatures of 30°/24° C for 7–10 days prior to flowering, both polypeptides unique to Regent reappeared, while the smaller polypeptides disappeared. Temperature-restored male-fertile Pol-R7 (TR) produced fertile pollen, while its short stamen filaments resembled those of the male-sterile Pol-R7. These changes in protein expression may be causally related to the CMS phenotype.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00189270
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Virulence of Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains with Brassica napus and Brassica juncea (1989)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 8 (1989), S. 303-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Ti plasmid ; Virulence ; Brassica napus ; Brassica juncea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Brassica napus and Brassica juncea were infected with a number of Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains. Tumourigenesis was very rapid and extremely efficient on B. juncea with all but one of the strains. Tumourigenesis on B. napus varied widely. It was very efficient with the nopaline strains, was reduced with the succinamopine strain A281 and was very weak with the octopine strains. The latter observation was confirmed with six different B. napus rapeseed cultivars. The selectivity was due to differences in the virulence of Ti plasmids with B. napus, rather than the tumourigenicity of the T-DNA or virulence of the chromosomal genes associated with the strains. An exception was strain LBA4404. The virulence of the octopine strains was increased by coinfection with more virulent disarmed strains and by induction with acetosyringone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00274136
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability of salbutamol in healthy adult volunteers (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 32 (1987), S. 631-634 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: salbutamol ; albuterol ; pharmacokinetics ; bioavailability ; healthy volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Salbutamol was administered to sixteen healthy male volunteers intravenously and by mouth in liquid, tablet, and capsule form using a Latin-Squares design. Pharmacokinetic parameters from intravenous data were similar to previously reported values obtained with oral administration, with a mean terminal half-life of 3.8 h and a mean clearance of 439 ml·min−1·1.73 m−2. Peak plasma concentrations of 10–20 ng·ml−1 were obtained 1–3 h following oral administration. The absolute bioavailability of each of the oral preparations was 44%. While statistically significant differences in lag time and time to peak concentration were noted among the various oral preparations, the drug is rapidly absorbed in all three dosage forms and the observed differences are unlikely to be of clinical significance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02456001
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime in young, healthy and elderly, acutely ill males (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 34 (1988), S. 179-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: ceftazidime ; pharmacokinetics ; elderly patients ; young volunteers ; acute infection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime have been investigated after single and multiple i.v. doses in 9 young healthy male volunteers and 15 elderly male patients with acute bacterial infections. All subjects had normal, age-correlated glomerular function. Distribution and elimination in young volunteers were unaffected by posture and were similar to what has been reported earlier. In contrast, elderly patients had longer t1/2β (3.1 vs 1.9 h), larger AUC (414.0 vs 276.6 h·mg/l), lower total and renal clearances, reduced urinary recovery over 12 h and enlarged Vss. Total serum clearance of ceftazidime was closely correlated with the51Cr-EDTA clearance. There was no significant change in51Cr-EDTA clearance after seven days of treatment. A reduction in the dose of betalactam antibiotics eliminated by the kidney is advisable in elderly patients with an acute bacterial infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00614556
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of reduced and oxidized N-acetylcysteine (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 34 (1988), S. 77-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: N-acetylcysteine ; pharmacokinetics ; bioavailability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) have been determined after its intravenous and oral administration to 6 healthy volunteers. According to a randomized cross-over design each subject received NAC 200 mg i.v. and 400 mg p.o., and blood samples were collected for 30 h. Reduced NAC had a volume of distribution (VSS) of 0.59 l·kg−1 and a plasma clearance of 0.84 l·h−1·kg−1. The terminal half-life after intravenous administration was 1.95 h. The oral bioavailability was 4.0%. Based on total NAC concentration, its volume of distribution (VSS) was 0.47 l·kg−1 and its plasma clearance was 0.11 l·h−1·kg−1. The terminal half-life was 5.58 h after intravenous administration and 6.25 h after oral administration. Oral bioavailability of total NAC was 9.1%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01061422
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A preliminary study of the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of a novel enkephalin analogue [Tyr-D.Arg-Gly-Phe(4NO2)·Pro·NH2 (BW443C)] in healthy volunteers (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 34 (1988), S. 67-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: BW443C ; enkephalin ; opioid peptide ; healthy volunteers ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have studied 16 healthy men to evaluate preliminary pharmacodynamics and kinetics of BW443C given by i.v. infusions. Four volunteers received escalating doses at weekly intervals, starting at 0.1 µg·kg−1 for 60 min and increasing to a maximum of 2.0 µg·kg−1·min−1 for 180 min. Subsequently 12 different subjects received single i.v. infusions of 10 µg·kg−1·min−1 for 20 min. Subjective effects were reported and objective measurements made of central nervous and cardiovascular effects. Blood was sampled at intervals on all occasions, plasma concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay and pharmacokinetic profiles were analysed using NONLIN. Dry mouth and some nasal stuffiness were reported and postural hypotension occurred in 5/16 subjects at plasma concentrations 〉0.8 µg·ml−1. Supine blood pressure was well maintained in all subjects and hypotension resolved within 60–90 min of discontinuing the infusion. There was no evidence of sedation, mood change, nausea, vomiting, miosis, change in accomodation or respiratory depression. Rapid infusions produced transient feelings of warmth, heavy eyelids, heavy legs, and increased bowel sounds, which resolved despite increasing plasma concentrations. The disposition of the peptide was adequately described by a 2-compartment model with a mean ± SD plasma clearance of 123±18 ml·min−1 and a half-life of 2.0±0.4 h.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01061420
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of oxcarbazepine and 10-hydroxy-carbazepine in the newborn child of an oxcarbazepine-treated mother (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 34 (1988), S. 311-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: oxcarbazepine ; newborns ; antiepileptic ; placental transfer ; 10-hydroxy-carbazepine ; pharmacokinetics ; breast milk transfer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Gaschromatography — mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to determine plasma levels of oxcarbazepine (OCB) and its main metabolite in a newborn girl and her OCB-treated mother during the first five post partum days. At delivery the maternal and neonatal plasma concentrations were in the same range, indicating considerable placental transfer of both substances. In spite of ingestion of both substances via breast milk, there was no accumulation in the baby. On the fifth post partum day OCB and 10-hydroxy-carbazepine (10-OH-CB) levels in plasma in the newborn were only 12 and 7%, respectively, of the values found on the first day after delivery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00540963
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