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  • Phosphorus
  • Synthetic methods
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (46)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Springer Nature
  • 1985-1989  (31)
  • 1960-1964  (15)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 1 (1962), S. 8-21 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Addition ; Immonium ions ; Isocyanides ; Amino acids ; Synthetic methods ; Alkylidene ammonium ions ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The α-addition of immonium ions and anions (OH-, SeH-, S2O3 2-, N3- NCO- NCS-, R—CO2 -, RO—CO2-) to isonitriles, accompanied by secondary reactions provides a means for the one-stage synthesis of organic nitrogen compounds starting with two to five different components. Thus, by the condensations of amines (ammonia, primary, and secondary aliphatic and aromatic amines, hydrazines) and aldehydes or ketones with isonitriles and acids, a number of α-aminocarboxylic acid amides, thioamides, selenoamides, 1,5-disubstituted retrazoles, hydantoin imides, thiohydantoin imides, α-acylamino carboxylic acid amides, oligopeptide derivatives, β-lactams, derivatives of penicillanic acid, urethanes, diacylimides, and various hydrazine derivatives, can be prepared. The reactions are easily carried out and take place under mild conditions. Yields of more than 90% are frequently encountered.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Amides ; Azolides ; Synthetic methods ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 2 (1963), S. 523-530 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Semimetals ; Metallic structure ; Nonmetallic structure ; Antimony ; Arsenic ; Bismuth ; Phosphorus ; Tellurium ; Tin ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Measurements on semimetals have been continued. Studies of the dependence on temperature of various properties have provided details regarding the transition from the nonmetallic to the more metallic structure. A second-order transition has been found for tin at 170 °C, in which the c-axis remains unchanged, while the a-axis undergoes a small, discontinuous elongation.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 25 (1986), S. 414-430 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Gas-phase flow thermolysis ; Thermolysis ; Synthetic methods ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The preference for carrying out synthetic organic reactions at the lowest possible temperature is due to the expectation that the selectivity often increases with decreasing temperature, as is confirmed by many examples and also theoretically justified. Selectivity, however, is not the only problem at high temperatures; further factors include the frequently limited thermal stability of the functional groups and structural elements not directly involved in the transformation. In spite of these limitations, the advantages of high temperatures and the greatly improved knowledge of the mechanisms of dynamic gas-phase processes accumulated in recent years can be exploited in directed organic synthesis. In this review the synthetic potential of gas-phase flow thermolysis will be described from the viewpoint of the synthetic chemist with the aid of typical examples of application.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 25 (1986), S. 683-701 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Electroorganic synthesis ; Electrochemistry ; Synthetic methods ; Redox chemistry ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electrochemical formation and regeneration of redox agents for organic syntheses (indirect electrolysis) widens the potential of electrochemistry, as higher or totally different selectivities can often be obtained while at the same time the energy input can be lowered significantly. Higher current densities can also be obtained by preventing otherwise often encountered electrode inhibition. New types of redox catalysts can be formed in-situ and can be regenerated after reaction with the substrates. This principle is of increasing importance also for the application of already known redox agents with regard to environmental protection, since large amounts of a product can be generated in a closed circuit using only relatively small amounts of the redox reagent. Consequently the operation of such a process can be greatly simplified, and the release of ecologically objectionable spent reagents into the environment can be prevented. The broad spectrum of redox catalysts currently in use includes, inter alia, metal salts in very low or high oxidation states, halogens in various oxidation states, and, in particular, a wide variety of transition-metal complexes. A great deal of progress has recently been made in the application of organic electron transfer agents, since compounds have been found that are sufficiently stable in both the reduced as well as the oxidized state.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 26 (1987), S. 15-23 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Monosaccharides ; Synthetic methods ; Carbohydrates ; Heptoses ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The evolution of a strategy to synthesize the title compounds is described. Three principal developments allowed realization of this goal: (1) the attainment of high margins of diastereofacial selectivity and regioselectivity in the construction of pyranoid systems via the Lewis acid-catalyzed cyclocondensation reaction of activated dienes and aldehydes; (2) the exploitation of stereoselective reactions for functionalization of the pyranoid matrix; and (3) the discovery of stereoselective reactions for extending the chiral biases of pyranoid systems to newly emerging stereogenic centers on side chains. The coordination of these components in the synthesis of target systems of high biological interest is described.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 24 (1985), S. 617-638 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Enzyme catalysis ; Synthetic methods ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Enzymes have great potential as catalysts for use in synthetic organic chemistry. Applications of enzymes in synthesis have so far been limited to a relatively small number of largescale hydrolytic processes used in industry, and to a large number of small-scale syntheses of materials used in analytical procedures and in research. Changes in the technology for production of enzymes (in part attributable to improved methods from classical microbiology, and in part to the promise of genetic engineering) and for their stabilization and manipulation now make these catalysts practical for wider use in large-scale synthetic organic chemistry. This paper reviews the status of the rapidly developing field of enzyme-catalyzed organic synthesis, and outlines both present opportunities and probable future developments in this field.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 24 (1985), S. 668-682 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Organoaluminum compounds ; Synthetic methods ; Selectivity ; Beckmann rearrangement ; Rearrangement ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In addition to their high oxyphilicity, organoaluminum compounds are endowed with ambiphilic character. These properties can be successfully utilized in developing new synthetic reactions with unique selectivities. Especially noteworthy are the organoaluminum-promoted Beckmann rearrangement of oxime sulfonates, new syntheses of polyamino macrocycles via reductive cleavage of aminals and amidines by diisobutylaluminum hydride, the diastereoselective cleavage of chiral acetals by organoaluminum compounds leading to optically active secondary alcohols, allylic alcohols, and β-substituted carbonyl compounds, and biomimetic terpene syntheses. These and other examples, which illustrate the characteristics of organoaluminum chemistry, are used to demonstrate the distinct advantages of organoaluminum reagents in selective organic synthesis.
    Additional Material: 11 Tab.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Polyphosphorus compounds ; Phosphorus ; Polyphosphanes ; Phosphanes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In contrast to the numerous known and often technically important mono- and diphosphorus compounds with phosphorus in its maximum oxidation state, polyphosphorus compounds led only a shadowy existence up to about twenty years ago. One of the reasons for this was the properties of such compounds, which made their handling and structural characterization difficult. This problem was solved by the development of modern preparative techniques and, especially, by the further methodological development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Thus, a fascinating new branch of phosphorus chemistry has been opened up in recent years. The first comprehensive review on this subject was published five years ago. Since then, research on this “element-near” chemistry of phosphorus has produced further impressive advances with the result that a surprisingly large variety of compounds with skeletons consisting of chains or rings of phosphorus atoms is known today. However, the recent observation of the spontaneous formation of the “aromatic” pentaphosphacyclopentadienide ion, P5-, during the synthesis of phosphorus-richer polyphosphides from phosphorus-poorer compounds in solution and the discovery of the inversion of phosphorus in tetra- and pentacyclic organophosphanes demonstrate that this field is still capable of producing surprises.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 27 (1988), S. 679-682 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Reduction ; Hydrogenation ; Hydrocarbons ; Carbon ; Synthetic methods ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: For the synthesis of organic compounds, reduction is an indispensible reaction type which is also widely used on an industrial scale. In industrial processes hydrogen is usually used as reducing agent, since strong reducing agents like alkali metals and hydrides can only be used to a limited extent for safety and economic reasons. Very economical reducing agents that are convenient to handle and have high potential application are hydrocarbons in presence of carbon. Hydrocarbon/carbon systems can be readily used instead of molecular hydrogen and expensive metal catalysts for the hydrogenation of compounds containing, for example, CC-, CO-, or NO-double bonds. Furthermore, these systems can be used for carrying out reductions which hitherto required strong reducing agents such as zinc, tin, alkali metals and hydrides. Especially suitable as economic sources of hydrogen are refinery products such as vacuum gas oil, fuel oil S or vacuum residue oil. Hydrocarbons are dehydrogenated to unsaturated systems and finally to carbon.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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